IDENTIFYING AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT PRESENTATION TYPES YOU MIGHT DELIVER?​

What type of presentation is it: research
information, lecture, sales, business proposition​?
What time of the day will you deliver your
presentation? ​Do you think this actually matters?
If so, why? (group reflection task)

WHO ARE YOU PRESENTING TO?​

Classmates, colleagues, investors, clients, students, teachers, etc.​

WHAT ARE YOU TRYING TO ACHIEVE?​

Share information, raise interest, educate, sell, influence​
 STRUCTURE AND KEY LANGUAGE
PRESENTATION TRIANGLE:
Structure > Delivery technique > Presentation tools

STRUCTURE
1. Introduction

The world's number 1 fear is public speaking & presenting. ​

What are we actually scared of and why? ​(judgement and
abandonment)​
​When public speaking we often think and feel that we will
be judged for not knowing what we are talking about so the
best place to start is to ...​
First of all, introduce yourself​. This should give you
confidence ​as you should know your own name.​Let your
audience know what you are going to talk about.
2. Key points & Facts
Deliver a key fact or something people may not know about
your subject to keep your audience intrigued and
interested.​
3. Power of the pause
While presenting, a pause may feel like it lasts forever
for you but for the audience it can make you look more
confident and powerful when used well.​It is much
better to remain silent for 2-3 seconds than to say
"aaa".
4. Story & Close​
Tell a story using a metaphor & close by saying thank
you.​
 DELIVERY TECHNIQUE
1. Eye contact
Moving from face to face, making eye contact while speaking
ensures that the audience is engaged. When answering an
audience member’s question, maintain eye contact, this
conveys sincerity and credibility.
2. Body language
Do not: cross your arms, put your hands in your pocket or
slouch. Face the audience as much as possible and keep your
body open.
3. Breathing
Relaxed and deep breaths ensure that your voice holds
power and can project. Use slow and measured breathing to
pace your speech, pause to emphasise key points.
4. Gestures
Use hand gestures to emphasise your words. Keep
the audience’s attention by varying your gestures,
incorporating your head, arms and hands.Use
positive gestures to sway your audience. When
using visual aids, point and look at the relevant
data. The audience will automatically follow your
hands and eyes.
5. Movement
Move around the presentation space, your speech
will be more dynamic. Use movement to illustrate
transitions from one subject or key point to
another. Stepping towards the audience creates a
positive feeling, use this technique when you want
to encourage or persuade your audience.
 PRESENTATION TOOLS
1. PHOTOS
A picture can say 1000 words.​Sometimes a photo
or picture can be more effective and powerful to
deliver a point or concept across than words. E.g.
showing pictures of environmental damage like
forest fires and animals stuck in plastic is more
impactful than just saying “environmental
damage”​. IMPORTANT: If you still prefer to use
words, avoid full sentences and use short bullet
points instead.
2. MUSIC
When used well it can create ambience and
atmosphere. It also helps to create excitement or
stir emotions in your audience​.
3. INFOGRAPHICS & ICONS​
Data is much easier to digest when it is
accompanied with visuals like graphs, charts and
icons to help quickly summarise analytical
information. For example, arrows help direct
attention and order for the audience.
4. VIDEOS
Videos can be a wide range of things that help
with your presentation, from animations to
testimonials. They help your audience to take in
information quicker and break up the information
so it's not just the presenter talking. ​
 DIRECTIONS
STUDENT A:
You're new to the city and school. It’s been only a week since your family moved here. You’re
seeing your parents after classes today. You’ve arranged to meet up at David’s house. You’re
not sure if you still remember the way. You’ve decided to ask your teacher for the directions
just to be on the safe side. You’re lucky - they even have a mini-map for you!

Ask if they have a minute for you;

Ask how to get to the train station and if there is a bus connection;
Express your gratitude and wish them a good afternoon.

STUDENT B:
After class, you get approached by the new student. It looks like they want to
ask you something.

Ask how they are doing and how they are finding the new place;
Offer your help by giving them directions from school to David’s House;
Wish them good luck and say goodbye.

MOST COMMON QUESTIONS: KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES:

Excuse me, how can I get to …? Go straight
Excuse me, how far is …? Take the first / second / third / right
Could you please tell me how to get to …? Turn right / left / straight at the light / corner / stop sign
Excuse me, where is the nearest …? Continue straight on
Excuse me, where can I find …? Get on / off the bus / subway at 12th Ave. / Whitman Street / Yellow
Excuse me, is … near here? Lane
Follow the signs for the museum / exhibition center / exit
 MESSAGE / BOWLING NIGHT
SCENARIO #1: SCENARIO #2:
MESSAGE BOWLING NIGHT

STUDENT A: STUDENT A:
Someone calls your landline phone number and wants to speak to your brother. Your best friend’s birthday is next weekend. You’re planning an event to celebrate it. One
Tell them Jacob isn’t there and offer to take a message; of your classmates told you about a new bowling alley in your town. You believe it’s a
Listen to and write down the message; perfect opportunity to check it out. Call the place to make a reservation but first, find
Confirm that the message is correct. out the following:
The price and the number of people allowed per lane;
STUDENT B: If they have any lanes available next Saturday, starting at 7 pm;
You’re trying to call your friend, Jacob. If they serve food and soft drinks;
Tell him you can meet him tomorrow at 4 pm at Little Owl Cafe; Student discount information.
If he’s not there, leave a message for him to call you back. Your phone number is 7406-933264;
Ask the person on the phone to read the message back to you to check if the information is correct. Make a reservation for 2 lanes (about 10 people) for 2 hours.

KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES:

STUDENT B:

Answering the phone
Hello/Hi. …. speaking.
Hello/Hi. This is…
How can I help you?
Introducing yourself
This is ….
….. speaking
Asking who is on the phone
Who's calling, please?
Who's speaking?
Asking for someone
I'd like to speak to...
Is ….. in?
Saying why you are calling
I am calling about…
I would like to…
Connecting someone
I'll put you through (to him/her).
Let me put you through.
Let me check if s/he is available.
Telling the caller that someone is
unavailable
Unfortunately, ... is out at the moment.
Taking a message
Would you like to leave a message?
You work at PINS, a brand new bowling alley. You’re responsible, among other duties, for
handling reservations. Take the next call and provide the person on the phone with the
ALeaving a message
requested information:
Could you tell him/her I called?
Could you ask him/her to call me
The price per person is £10 (peak hours, 5 pm-close) and £8 (off-peak);
back?
There are three lanes free next Saturday from 6 pm on;
Would it be possible to leave a
You have a bar that offers pizza and drinks;
message?
A 20% discount is available upon showing a valid student card.
Clarifying and checking
understanding
Now you can make the reservation.
Sorry, let me say that again.
Asking for repetition
Did you say...?
Could you say that again, please?
 HELPING HAND
STUDENT A:
You’ve just arrived at school. You see one of your classmates in the corridor. They STUDENT B:
look tired and down. You get worried and decide to approach them. You’re having a hard time. You’re sitting a biology test tomorrow and you
haven’t started to study yet. Plus, the deadline for your art assignment
Find out what the problem is; (a short presentation on street art) is tomorrow, too. You’re stressed
Ask if there is anything you can do to help; out and are about to start panicking. Also, you had to stop watching
Agree to help with the art assignment; your favourite Netflix series to deal with the situation… You’re trying to
Advise them to cut down time spent watching Netflix. hide your negative emotions but then you’re approached by one of your
classmates. Maybe they can help you out.

Present your problem;

Ask whether they can share their answers with you during the test;
Express your opinion on the advice provided by your classmate.

GIVING ADVICE AND SUGGESTIONS:

You could …
Why don’t you …
CHATTING UP OTHERS: I think you should … ASKING FOR HELP:
If I were you, I would (not) …
Yo, what’s up? How about … (verb+ing)? Could you help me?
How’s it going? Do you think you could …?
Having a stressful day? Could you give / lend me a hand with …?
How’s life? I could use some help.
How’s everything? Could you do me a favour and …?
 ARTS & CULTURE
LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
SCENARIO:
You have been asked to plan a welcome event for a group of English students who are
coming to visit your school. Plan a cultural evening to give them a taste of your local
culture.
Follow the questions below to come up with some ideas:
1. Which elements of local culture will you include in your plans for the evening,
e.g. music, film, etc.?
2. Will you focus on traditional or modern culture, or a combination of both?
3. Will you organise an exhibition or displays for the visitors to see?
4. What food and snacks will you provide?
5. How long will the event last?
6. Where will the event be held? (venue)
7. Will you invite any special guests from your local community?
Do you recognise any of these paintings?
Do you know who the authors of these paintings are?
Which of the paintings do you like the most and why
Further discussion:
How important is music in culture? What kind of music do you listen to?
Do you go to concerts? What other things do you think represent a
culture?
Do you have any artistic talents? Do you/did you enjoy music or art
classes at school?
Are you interested in art? If so, what kind of art do you like? Do you have
a favourite artist?
Have you ever been to an art gallery? If so, when was it and did you like
the exhibition? Do you have any artwork in your house? Why do you think
people buy paintings or sculptures?
What kind of art is your country famous for? Who are the most
recognised artists from your country?
Do you think artists change the way we think or feel? In your opinion, can
anyone be an artist or do you need a special talent? Would you like to be
an artist? Why or why not?
 HALLOWEEN COSTUME
STUDENT A:
You’ve been invited by one of your classmates to a Halloween party at their place. It’s too late
to order a Halloween costume online. However, there is a new place in your neighbourhood
that offers costumes for rent. Visit the costume rental shop and:

Find out what kind of costumes are available;

Ask about the price and the rental period;
Find out if there is any security deposit to pay;
Choose a costume and pay.

STUDENT B:
You work at Costumes R Us, a new costume rental shop in Bristol. Talk to your next customer
and provide them with the following information:

You offer a wide selection of costumes for adults and children, including superstar,
alien, zombie, pirate, wizard and Walt Disney character costumes;
The prices start at £5.99 and the regular rental period is 3 days;
There is a security deposit of £29.

USEFUL PHRASES:
How can I help (you)? Where can I find …? Do you have this blue?
(Would you like) anything else? Do you have any…? Do you have these in size 12?
Orange really suits you.
This looks really good. Could I try this / these on? How much does it cost to…?
Why don’t you try a bigger/smaller size? Where are the changing rooms? How long can I rent this … for?

USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
package holiday (a holiday organised
by a travel company)
backpacking (travelling cheap while
carrying all the things you need in a
backpack)
off the beaten track (far from any
main roads and towns, where few
people go)
voluntourism (a type of holiday in
which you work as a volunteer)
on a budget / shoestring (not having
much money)
TRAVELLING
destination (the place where someone
is going)
gap year (a year between leaving
school and starting university usually
spent travelling or working)
to broaden your horizons (to learn new
things)
to hit the road (to begin a journey)
to take out travel insurance (to get /
buy travel insurance)
Do you like travelling? How often do you travel? What is the most amazing place
you have been to and why?
Why do you think people travel? What can travelling bring to our lives?
In your opinion, where are the best places for:
Adventure vacations?
Historical vacations?
Shopping vacations?
Party vacations?
Relaxing vacations?
Do you prefer package holidays or backpacking off the beaten track? Why? Have
you ever been camping? If so, did you like the experience? If not, would you like to
have a go one day?
Look at the words below. What do you think they mean? Have you had this kind of
experience?
eco-tourism
voluntourism
travel on a budget/shoestring
What is the longest trip you’ve taken? What do you miss most when you are travelling?
Have you ever come across any obstacles when you were travelling? What happened?
How did you solve the situation? If money and time weren’t an obstacle, what would be
your most desired destination and why?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
1. It's good for young people to take a gap year and travel to broaden their horizons.
2. Before you hit the road, remember to take out travel insurance. Always!
3. When you travel, it's important to respect the local culture and act in an
appropriate way.
 SCHOOL LIFE
Is your school strict or is it quite relaxed?
Are there a lot of rules at your school? What are your favourite/least
favourite rules?

Does your school organise any after-school activities? If so, do you take
part in any of them?
Have you ever skipped classes? What did you do instead of going to school?
What would a perfect school be like? How would it be similar or different
from your current school?

Is there bullying at your school? Have you ever had to deal with any USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
bullies?
What are the different forms or kinds of bullying? strict (limiting one’s freedom)
What can be done to prevent bullying? to skip classes (to not go to school)
to bully (to hurt or frighten)
What do you think is happening in the picture below? Does it depict a positive or to deal with (to manage)
negative situation? Have you ever experienced peer pressure? to prevent (to not let something
happen)
peer pressure (a strong influence of
a group)
DEBATE: to ban (to forbid)
in charge of (responsible for)
1. Mobile phones should be banned from schools. What is your opinion? role model (someone whom you
2. Teachers should always be respected because they are in charge of admire)
classrooms. Do you agree with this statement? to take part in (to be actively
involved in)

USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
to make friends (to become friends
with someone)
to know someone inside out (to know
someone very well)
to get on/along with someone (to
have a good relationship)
to keep in / lose touch (to stay in /
lose contact with someone)
FRIENDSHIP
to fall out (to argue)
to be on the same wavelength (to
think in the same way)
to hang out (to spend time together)
to rely on someone (to trust
someone)
buddy / mate / pal / homey (friend)
neighbourhood (the area around
one’s home)
Do you believe good friendships are important? Why? Why not?
What kind of things can we do to begin and keep friendships?
What is a friend? Choose the answers that are the most important to you from the
list below. Friends are people:
who have similar interests
we feel close to
who live in the same neighbourhood
we can trust
who offer support when we need it.
What else makes a good friend? What is missing from the list above?
Do you think you are a good friend to other people?
Who are your best friends? How long have you known them for? Has your group of
friends changed over time? Have you made any new friends at Angloville yet? If not,
do you think you will?
What kinds of things do you like doing with your friends?
What qualities do you look for in a friend?
What are some worrying or unhealthy signs in a friendship?
Do you find it easier to make friends with boys or girls? Why?
What are the benefits of having friends who are different from us?
There is a saying: “Tell me who your friends are, and I will tell you who you are."
What do you think that means? Do you think it’s true? Why? Why not?

USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
gadget (a small piece of electronic
equipment)
invention (something newly designed
or created)
innovation (a new idea or method)
artificial intelligence (computer
technology working in a similar way
like humans do)
cutting-edge technology (very
modern / latest technology)
SCIENCE & FUTURE
Talk about how technology has changed in your lifetime.
What do you think has been the most important new invention in the last
milestone (an important event in the
100 years?
history)
Are there any new gadgets that you really want to get?
breakthrough (an important
discovery)
What kind of sci-fi movie will the future really be like? (The Matrix,
ahead of your time (having very
Terminator, I-robot, Ready Player One, Elysium, etc.)
modern ideas)
humankind (all people)
Imagine you could travel forward or backward in time. Where would you
high-tech (using the most advanced
travel to? Why?
machines and methods)
You can use the following phrases to help you:
I’d really like to visit…
I’m curious about…
I’d be interested to see…
I would’ve liked to have lived in the…
Do you think there will be more or less new innovation in the future?
Is there a piece of technology you really want that doesn’t exist? (i.e.
flying cars, teleportation, etc.)
Give some examples of technology that have made the world worse.
What do you think is the most important thing humans have created?
What and where do you think you may be 10 years from now? What will
happen in the future that you are looking forward to?
 MONEY & SHOPPING
USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
to spend money like water (to spend
too much money in a careless way)
to keep money for a rainy day (to save
money for a time when it might be
needed)
to bargain (to ask for a better price)
to get ripped off (to get cheated)
addictive (when you can’t stop doing
something)
spender (someone who likes to spend
money) vs. saver (someone who likes to
save money)
charity (an organisation which helps
people in need)
be in the money (to have plenty of
money)
plastic money (a bank card)
discount (a reduced price)
How do most people pay for things in your country? Do you think people will
completely stop using cash one day? Why or why not?
Do you consider yourself a saver or a spender? Do you ever splash out? Are
sales, e.g. Black Friday or Cyber Monday, popular in your country? What do you
think of such events?
Is it common in your country to bargain in shops? What is the biggest bargain
you have ever got? Have you ever been ripped off? What did you buy?
How often do you shop online? What’s your favourite E-commerce site and why?
What does it mean to be a volunteer? Do you think volunteering is only for
young people? Have you ever been a volunteer? If so, what can you say about
your experience?
Is donating money to charity organisations a good thing to do? What do you
think are some important charities people should support? Do you think people
should give money to the homeless?
DISCUSSION:
1. Shopping is highly addictive. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
2. “Money can’t buy me love” (The Beatles). Do you agree or disagree? What
are some other things you can’t buy?
3. Volunteering is for losers. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
 HOBBIES
USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
to be into / keen on something (to be interested in something)
passionate about (having strong feelings about something)
to have a flair / gift (to have talent for something)
downside (disadvantage)
to take up something (to start doing something)
to run in the family (when many members of your family have something in
common)
to catch the bug (to get interested in something)
to get sick of something (to lose interest in something)
to be hooked (when you enjoy something and cannot stop doing it)
pastime (an activity that is done for enjoyment, hobby)
QUESTIONS
Do you have a hobby or passion? How long have you been into
it? How did you get interested in it? What makes you so keen on
it?
How many hours a week do you spend on your hobby? Is your
hobby expensive? How much money do you spend on your hobby?
Is your hobby something you have a flair/gift for? Do you have
any other talents? Is there something you have absolutely no
talent for?
What are the advantages of having a hobby? Are there any
downsides to it?

What or who inspired you to take up your hobby? Is it something that runs in the family? Is
it something popular among your friends? Why did you become so passionate about it?
Some people turn their hobbies into a career or a way of making money. Can you think of
any examples? Can you make money from your hobby? Do you think your passion can
become your profession one day?
Which hobbies are the most popular in your country? What are some of the most expensive
/ most dangerous / weirdest / dullest hobbies you have ever heard of?
 SOCIAL MEDIA
USEFUL LANGUAGE AND PHRASES Are you an active user of social media? How often do you check your social media
accounts?

to go viral (to quickly become very popular) What are the most popular social media sites in your country? Which one is your favourite
to scroll (to move information on a computer screen up or down) and why? What do you think should be the minimum age to join social networks?
influencer (someone who changes the way other people think or behave)
social network (different groups of people that you know) What's the best thing about Facebook? How many friends do you have on Facebook? What
meme (an idea, image, video, etc. that is spread very quickly on the internet) do you mainly use Facebook for? “If you’re not on Facebook, you don’t exist”. Do you agree
hate speech (when someone expresses hate towards other people) or disagree?
flashmob (a group of people who arrange and come together in a place at the
What is an influencer? Do you follow any influencers? There are different kinds of
same time to do something funny or silly) influencers, e.g. fitness gurus or beauty bloggers... What other types of influencers can
troll (someone who leaves annoying or offensive messages on the internet) you think of?
digital detox (a period of time during which you do not use smartphones or
computers) Which of the following qualities are important for influencers to have?
guru (a person skilled in something who gives advice) charismatic
energetic
knowledgeable
enthusiastic
self-confident
other

What area would you be interested in as an influencer? Who would your target audience
be?
What channels of communication would you choose?

Have you ever heard of a “digital detox”? What do you think about this idea and how do you
think it works?

Do you think online safety is important? Why or why not? Which safety rules can you think
of? Which of these rules do you actually follow?
 SUPERNATURAL & SUPERSTITIONS
Do you believe in ghosts, angels, or UFOs? How would you react if you saw one?
USEFUL VOCABULARY AND PHRASES Would you talk to a ghost? What would you say?

Have you ever had a dream which came true? What happened?
superstitious (believing in luck/bad luck or magic rather than science)
ghost (the spirit of a dead person)
Are people in your country superstitious? Are you superstitious?
to tell someone’s fortune (to discover what will happen to someone in
the future)
What do people say brings good or bad luck in your country? For example,
star sign (sign of the zodiac)
Walking under a ladder,
to come true (to happen in the way you had hoped)
Black cats crossing your path,
to knock on / touch wood (said in order to avoid bad luck)
A four-leaf clover,
itchy ear (when someone is talking about you)
A broken mirror,
supernatural (when something cannot be explained by science)
Friday the 13th,
nonsense (a stupid or silly idea)
Bird’s poop on your head or shoulder.
witch (a woman who is believed to have magical powers)
What other superstitions have you heard of?

What do you do for good luck? Do you think it works?

Do you have a lucky number? If so, what number is it? Why do you think it is lucky for
you?

Do you think some people have supernatural abilities? If so, can you give any
examples?

Would you like to know your future? Why? Why not? Would you be interested in
visiting a fortune-teller?

What is your opinion of astrology? Do you ever read horoscopes? What is your star
sign? Do you think you can tell someone’s personality by their star sign?
 HOT TOPICS
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Stating an opinion:
In my opinion/view…
The way I see it…
If you ask me…
As far as I’m concerned...
Asking for an opinion:
What do you think?
How do you feel?
What do you reckon?
Do/don’t you agree?
Agreeing: Disagreeing:
I couldn’t agree more. I don’t think so.
That’s so true. (slang strong) No way.
That’s for sure. Not necessarily.
(slang) Tell me about it! I’m not so sure.
Exactly. I’m afraid I disagree.
No doubt about it. That’s not always true.
(weak) I suppose/guess so. (strong) I totally disagree.
Absolutely. That’s not always the case.
I have to side with you here.
You’ve got it.
You’ve hit the nail on the head.
You have a point.
AGREEING AND DISAGREEING
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Mobile phones shouldn’t be allowed at schools;
The minimum driving age should be 16;
Footballers earn too much money;
Zoos should be banned;
It’s OK to text to ask someone out.