Theory related to learner Development Proposition
1. Freud Freud's initial proposition was that the
root causes of dysfunctional
psychological symptoms (neuroses) that
interfered with normal human functioning
were the continuing harmful effects of
traumatic experiences that had been
repressed from conscious awareness but
continued to control an individual's
conduct, feelings
2. Ericson By creating connections that make the
unimaginable possible, we are helping to
shape an exciting and positive future. A
world where limitless connectivity
improves lives, redefines business and
pioneers a sustainable future.”
3. Piaget Piaget called this proposition
constructivism – individuals construct
their knowledge of the world based on
their experience. Learning requires the
resolution of conflicts between
dialectically opposed modes of adaptation
to the world. Conflict, differences, and
disagreement are what drive the learning
process.
4. Kohlberg Kohlberg’s theory suggests that moral
development occurs in a series of six
stages and that moral logic is primarily
focused on seeking and maintaining
justice. Here we discuss how Kohlberg
developed his theory of moral
development and the six stages he
identified as part of this process
5. Vygotsky Vygotsky recognized the significant role
of play in a child’s development,
particularly in the development of self-
regulation skills. Play allows children to
engage in activities within their Zone of
Proximal Development, where they can
practice and advance their self-regulatory
abilities. Additionally, through social
interactions during play, children learn to
manage their behavior, emotions, and
thoughts, enhancing their overall self-
regulation. Therefore, play serves as a
valuable tool for children to develop
essential skills and abilities necessary for
their cognitive, social, and emotional
growth.
6. Brofenbrener Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems
theory focuses on the quality and context
of the child’s environment. He states that
as a child develops, the interaction within
these environments becomes more
complex. This complexity can arise as the
child’s physical and cognitive structures
grow and mature.
Implications of Education
Freud's theory suggests that human
behavior is influenced by unconscious
memories, thoughts, and urges. This
theory also proposes that the psyche
comprises three aspects: the id, ego, and
superego. The id is entirely unconscious,
while the ego operates in the conscious
mind.
adhere to instructional materials matching
individuals' developmental stages. It
should be expected that learners progress
in their educational needs in a certain
approximate structure, but with
variations.
Piaget's research has generated many
suggested implications for teaching, five
issues have been selected for discussion.
These are stage-based teaching,
uniqueness of individual learning,
concep- tual development prior to
language, experience in- volving action,
and necessity of social interaction.
By following Kohlberg's theory of moral
development stages, teachers can
understand their students best. As the
theory has contributed to every stage of
growth of a child, teachers can analyse
their students' behaviour. It will help them
change their teaching methodology with
the children's growing age.
Human action is situated in sociocultural,
historical settings, and is mediated by
tools and signs. All human actions,
including thinking, are mediated by
material and symbolic objects (tools and
signs) that are culturally constructed and
socially used.
Educational Implications of the
Ecological Systems TheoryThe school
environment that occupies the first layer
of Bronfenbrenner model (microsystem)
should work such, that the key objective
should be to make sure that a child's
primary relationships, which is the
immediate and larger famly, must last a
lifetime.