ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to my Geography teacher, Mrs. Anita Das, for her active support and
necessary guidance in preparation of this project on “Conservation of Wildlife in India”. I am
thankful to my parents for providing me with constant help and necessary support in making
this project. They have always been with me when in doubt and pointed me in the right
direction and patiently answered all the queries that I had during preparation of the project.
This project has provided me with a deep insight into the alarming situation of the wildlife in
India being exploited and the necessary steps and actions being taken for their conservation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION:
Wildlife traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include
all plants, fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in an area without
being introduced by humans.

Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and
other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife.
While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human
factors, most scientists agree that much wildlife is affected by human activities.

The term wildlife was introduced by Willion Hornaday in 1913 in his book "our vanishing
wildlife". Wildlife is commonly respired to represent the non-domesticated animals living in
natural habitats like forests. In simple world, wildlife means non-domesticated animals found
in wild without the caring of human beings.

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The aim of the project is to research on wildlife conservation and the efforts undertaken in
India to conserve wildlife. The objective is to understand the necessity for conservation of
wildlife and the protection of potentially endangered species from being extinct.

WHAT IS WILDLIFE CONSERVATION?

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and
their habitats. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future
generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans
and other species alike. Additionally, wildlife conservation aims to raise awareness regarding the
importance of wildlife and wilderness. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's
dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife.
Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation
causes.

Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects
of human activity on wildlife. Today, there are now government bureaus and organizations that
help promote different wildlife conservation areas. The government also aims to implement
certain policies that are specifically created to protect the animals.
It is essential to take actions to protect wildlife from extinction. By doing so, we do not only
ensure their survival, but also the diversity of the ecosystem. As a result, it will help improve the
ecological health of the earth.

HOW IS WILDLIFE ENDANGERED IN INDIA?

Since this project is concerned only with the wildlife conservation in India, the reasons for
wildlife destruction in India only has been discussed here.

India is a bio-diverse country, with nearly 6.5% of the world's known wildlife species.
Approximately, 7.6% of the world's mammals and 12.6% of the world's birds are found in
India. The illicit demand, globally, for wildlife and its products has seen the rise of wildlife
crime across the subcontinent.
In India, wildlife crime is a pervasive problem damaging ecosystems, impacting food security
and affecting livelihoods of rural communities. In many cases, cross-border smuggling of live
animals and plants can result in the spread of disease through carrier animals and plants.
Major wildlife crime in India includes poaching of tigers, rhinos and the sale of Star tortoises.
Tigers are an endangered species, poached for their skin and bones to cater to an illegal
market. Their body parts are used in Asian medicines and tiger claws are used in jewellery.
Tiger whiskers are considered a dreadful poison in Malaysia and a powerful aphrodisiac in
Indonesia.

Ancient trade routes for salt, spices and wool are being used to smuggle tiger skins and
bones. These illegal goods are sent to buyers based largely in northern India and are then
smuggled out of the country through couriers. The main route is via Nepal, with whom India
has a porous border, or directly across the border to China. More recently, routes through
Myanmar have also been used.

Apart from tigers, India is also witnessing a rise in wildlife crime against Rhinoceros. Driven
by a soaring demand for their horn, hundreds of rhinos are being killed, illegally. According
to a report by TRAFFIC and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
sophisticated poachers are using veterinary drugs, poison, cross bows and high calibre
weapons to kill rhinos.

The Indian rhino could once be found from Pakistan, all the way through India, Nepal,
Bangladesh, Bhutan and
Myanmar. However, the current
population of this species is
dwindling and today only about
2500 survive in India and Nepal.

It is not only large mammals, but also smaller species that are under threat. Star tortoises
from South India are illegally traded in huge numbers. Due to their popularity in Feng Shui,
they are kept as pets, believed to bring prosperity and can cost as much as $500 in the
illegal market. Many protected marine species such as sea cucumbers, molluscs, sea horses
and coral are also illegally harvested in Indian waters for export.

In India, the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is a strong legislation that covers wildlife crime.
However, the implementation and enforcement needs to be strengthened in order to curb
this transnational crime.

The four most general reasons that lead to destruction of wildlife include overkill, habitat
destruction and fragmentation, impact of introduced species and chains of extinction.
Major dangers to wildlife:
Fewer natural wildlife habitat areas remain each year. Moreover, the habitat that remains
has often been degraded to bear little resemblance to the wild areas which existed in the
past. Habitat loss—due to destruction, fragmentation and degradation of habitat—is the
primary threat to the survival of wildlife in India. The other reasons posing danger to wildlife
are as follows:
a) Climate change: Drought, rainfall and flooding cause dangerous changes to the
landscape, adding stress to wildlife species and their habitat. Every year, many
animals die due to abrupt climatic changes.
b) Unregulated Hunting and poaching: Unregulated hunting and poaching causes a
major threat to wildlife. Along with this, mis-management of forest department and
forest guards triggers this problem.
c) Pollution: Pollutants released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of
organisms. Pesticides and toxic chemical being widely used, making the environment
toxic to certain plants, insects, and rodents.
d) Perhaps the largest threat is the extreme growing indifference of the public to wildlife,
conservation and environmental issues in general. Over-exploitation of resources,
i.e., exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-
fishing and over-grazing for example).
e) Over exploitation of wildlife resources by people for food, clothing, pets, medicine,
sport and many other purposes is becoming a grave danger to sustenance of wild
life.
f) Population: The increasing population of human beings is the most major threat to
wildlife. More people means more consumption of food, water and fuel. Therefore,
more waste is generated. Every major threat to wildlife as seen above, is directly
related to increasing population of human beings. If the population is altered so is the
amount of risk to wildlife. The less is the population, less is the disturbance to wildlife.

Top 10 Most Endangered Wild Animal Species of India:

All animals and birds in India are rated as critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or
Vulnerable (VU). Mainly endangered animals in India are the big cats family which includes
snow leopard, Bengal tiger and Asiatic Lion. Other endangered animals are Purple Frog or
Pig nose Frog, Great Indian Vulture, Indian giant squirrel, Giant Indian Fruit Bat, Great birds
and King Cobra. Some of the extinct animals of India includes Asiatic Cheetah, Pink headed
duck and Indian aurochs.

Indian Tiger
The members of Felide family, which includes three great cats namely, Asiatic Lion, Bengal
Tigers, wild cats and leopard, found in India are dwindling population, Because of excessive
poaching, big cats in India are on the verge of extinction. There were only 1411 Royal
Bengal Tigers left in India as per the Tiger Census in 2008. The Asiatic or the great Indian
lion is only found in the Gir national park. One of the most endangered species of felide
family is the snow leopard which is found only in Himalayan Ranges.
Indian Dolphin
The Ganges River Dolphin is member of Cetacea family,which includes marine mammals
porpoises and whales. Dolphins are primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers
and their tributaries in India. They share their habitat with crocodiles, fresh water turtles. The
blind Dolphin of holy river Ganges is the National Aquatic Animal of India. The Indian River
Shark is also listed as one of the endangered Species in India.

Gharial
The gharial is one of the three crocodilians found in India and is the longest of all living
crocodilians. The holy river Ganges is one the important habitat of the Gharial in India, It is
also found in Chambal, Irrawady and Brahmaputra rivers. The gharial is listed as a most
critically endangered species in India. Mass gharial deaths in the Chambal river is still a
mystery which is assumed to be caused by polluted river water.
The Great Indian Bustard
The Great Indian bustard is one of the world’s heaviest flying birds and is also the rarest in
the Indian sub-continent. It is found only in some parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and
Rajasthan. Less than a thousand survive today and the species is threatened by hunting and
loss of its habitat. The Indian Vulture is another endangered bird of India, The Indian King
Vulture is found mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

Indian Rhinoceros
The Great Indian Rhinoceros also called as One Horned Rhinoceros is found in India. The
Indian Rhinoceros has a single black horn which is present in both male and female species.
The Great Indian Rhinoceros is the fourth largest animal in the world. The large endangered
mammal is primarily found in parts of north-eastern India, Today about 3,000 rhinos live in
the wild, 2,000 of which are found in Manas and Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Excessive
hunting for its horn, reduced their natural habitat drastically.

Black Buck
Black Buck also known as Kala Hiran is a species of antelope found mainly in India. It is one
of the most beautiful and graceful animals of the antelope species in India. Due to extensive
poaching and habitat loss, black buck populations have been reduced drastically. The
antelopes of India can be seen in a few protected areas like the Guindy National Park, Tamil
Nadu, Rollapadu, Andhra Pradesh and Chilka (Orissa) other than few parts of Rajasthan and
Haryana. Punjab has declared the Black Buck as its state animal.
Indian Wild Ass
The Indian wild ass, also called Khur, is a subspecies of the Asiatic wild ass found only in
the Rann of Kutch. Its last refuge lies in the Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch
and the surrounding areas of the greater Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. Its estimated population
is 362, hence it was classified as a highly endangered species in India.

Indian Wild Dog

Indian Wild Dog or Dhole is one of the top predators of the wild forest, living in packs,
hunting cooperatively and are highly social animals. Dhole is found in the national parks of
Assam, Bengal, Gujarat, Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, and the Nilgiri Biosphere reserve of
south India. It is estimated that only 2500 Dholes are left in the wild. Threats to the dhole
species include habitat destruction and loss of its main prey.
Nilgiri Langur
The Nilgiri Langur found in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats in South India. Its range also
includes Kodagu in Karnataka, Palani Hills in Tamil Nadu and many other hilly areas in
Kerala. The Nilgiri Black Langur is a member of one of the 13 species of monkeys found in
India, which is endangered due to deforestation and poaching for its fur and flesh. Indian
golden langur is also falls in the same category of endangered animals of India.

Red Panda
The beautiful and endangered species, Indian Red Panda is also known by the name of Red
Fox. From the two kinds of Red Pandas in the world, only one variety is found in India. India
has 20 protected areas in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal’s Khangchendzonga
and Namdapha National Park. The endangered Red Panda live in temperate climates, in
deciduous and coniferous forests, usually with an understorey of bamboo and hollow trees.

Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India:

India is a home to rich and diverse wildlife tours because of her wide range of climate, soil,
weather and other such factors. Owing to such diversity, equal number of rare as well as
threatened animals and plants are found that need to be protected. This leads to the need of
much greater wildlife conservation efforts in India. As per the survey India is a home to about
60-70% of the total biodiversity found across the world and about 33% of plant species are
endemic. There are 172, or 2.9%, of IUCN-designated threatened species in India. Under
this comes the Asiatic Lion, the Indian white-rumped vultures and the Bengal Tiger. This
further enforces the need of right wildlife conservation efforts in India. Last few decades
have seen emergence of human encroachment to an extent that has never been seen. This
is one of the greatest threat to India's wildlife.
Wildlife Conservation Initiatives by the Government of India:
In order to overcome the result of human encroachment many national parks as well as
protected areas have been established so far and the first came in 1935. Also in 1972, to
protect the tiger and wildlife in India, the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to
safeguard were enacted. Besides, there is the Gir National Park, the only habitat for Asiatic
lions in India. The Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary is Assam is renowned for protecting the
endangered one-horned Rhinoceros. There's also Dachigam National Park, which
conserves the Hangul or Kashmiri Stag.

To promote wildlife awareness among the people, the Indian government has started various
natural projects and programs such as Project Tiger, Nature Camps and Jungle Lodges.
These projects not only help to preserve our natural heritage, but encourage eco-tourism as
well.

The other initiatives undertaken by the Government of India to conserve wildlife are as
follows:

 The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to lessen the large-scale habitat
destruction caused by deforestation.
 India also indorsed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (CITIES) in 1976. As a result, ban was imposed on the
commercial trading of Asian elephants which involved the export of ivory.
 There has been a significant change in the Forest Department’s planning policy,
which not only brought an end to the alteration of first-growth forests into eucalyptus
plantations, but it also swung the importance from a commercially-centered forest
management to the conservation-centered forest management.
 The elephants have enjoyed an absolute protection in Uttar Pradesh, since the
promulgation of a Wild Elephant Protection Act 1879. The authorities are also putting
their efforts to instigate Rajaji National Park, Motichur and Chilla reserves.
 The Forest Department also compensated the families whose persons were killed by
the wild animals.
 The capturing of elephants has been superseded.
 A new conservation area was also established which was named as Nilgiri Biosphere
Reserve covering 5,520 km2. This area protects elephants ranging from North of
Palghat Gap in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, and Kerala.
 The Karnataka state government has decided to exclude tourist development on
elephant migration routes all throughout the Kabbini River.
Wildlife Conservation Initiatives by the NGOs:
There are also various NGOs working on wildlife conservation in India such as Wildlife
Society of Orissa (Orissa), Rhino Foundation for Nature (Assam), Friends of Forests
(Maharashtra), North Eastern Society for Preservation of Nature and Wildlife (West Bengal),
Nature's Beckon (Assam), Nature Conservation Society Amravati (Maharashtra), The
Friends of the Doon (Uttaranchal) and Bali Nature and Wild Life Conservation Society (West
Bengal).

Some of the NGOs that have played an active role in the conservation and preservation of
wildlife in India are:
 TRAFFIC India fights wildlife trafficking in India
 Wildlife Trust of India have been very vocal about the Red Jungle fowl and Golden
Haired Langur
 Wildlife First works for the conservation of wilslife in Karnataka
 Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) collaborate with state governments to
monitor illegal wildlife trade
 Greenpeace

Wildlife Sanctuaries in India:

3.29 million sq. km of area comes under the wildlife conservations efforts in India and it is
becoming a very popular wildlife holiday destinations both for Indian as well as International
tourists. At present there are 531 wildlife sanctuaries in India and seventeen Biosphere
Reserves.

The first national park of India was established in 1935 under the name of Hailey National
Park that is now known as Jim Corbett National Park. Till 1970 there were only five national
parks in India but the number rose to 96 by April 2007.

Popular Wildlife Reserves and Sanctuaries in India

Corbett National Park, Uttar Pradesh
Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Pradesh
Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan
Kaziranga National Park, Assam
Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
Kedarnath Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar
Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar
Chilika Lake, Orissa
Mudumalai Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Palamau Tiger Reserve, Bihar
Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa
Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam
Dudhwa Conservation Center, U.P
Kalsubai Harischandragad Sanctuary in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal
Western Ghats
Manas Tiger Reserve, Assam
Bandipur Conservation Center, Karnataka
Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan
Gir National Park, Sanctuary in Gujarat
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala
Sunderbans National Park, West Bengal
Hastinapur Sanctuary , Uttar Pradesh
Askot Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
Kabar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Bihar
Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar
Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar
Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa
Satkosia - Baisipalli Sanctuary, Orissa
Thattekad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala
Pench Tiger Reserve
Chandka Elephant Reserve, Orissa
The Palamu Tiger Reserve, Bihar
Srisailam Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh
Pradesh
Tadoba Tiger Reserve
Desert National Park
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary

Conservation Centers in India

Kaziranga Conservation Center, Assam Royal Chitwan Park
Royal Bardia Park Sultanpur Conservation Center
Valley of Flowers Conservation Center, Nanda Devi Conservation Center, Uttar
Uttar Pradesh Pradesh
Nagarhole Conservation Center, Karnataka Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa
Keibul Lam Jao Conservation Center, Bannerghata Conservation Center,
Manipur Karnataka
Periyar Conservation Center, Kerala Sundarbans
Namdapha Conservation Center, Arunachal Dachigam Conservation Center, Jammu &
Pradesh Kashmir
Bharatpur Conservation Center Rajaji Conservation Center
Dudhwa Conservation Center, Uttar Sanjay Gandhi Conservation Center Borivli,
Pradesh Mumbai

Biosphere Reserves
Government of India has initiated an effort to conserve wildlife, both flora and fauna including
human communities living under Biosphere Reserves. Biosphere Reserves are actually the
areas defined by the Government of India for protecting the above said in their natural
habitat. There are seventeen Biosphere Reserves in India at present.
Biosphere Reserves in India
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Agasthyamalai
Dibru Saikhowa Dihang Dibang
Great Nicobar Gulf of Mannar
Kachchh Kanchenjunga
Manas Nanda Devi
The Nilgiris Nokrek
Pachmarhi Simlipal
Sundarbans Cold desert
Seshachalam hills

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROJECTS:

The Government of India has undertaken many initiatives on the conservation of wildlife.
Some important projects are:
 Project Elephant
 Project Tiger
 Project Hangul
 Indian Crocodile Conservation Project
 Protected Area Network
 GOI – UNDP Sea Turtle Project
 GOI – UNDP Wildlife Protected Area Management in Jaldapara Sanctuary, West
Bengal
 Action Plan for Vulture Conservation in India
 Indo – Russian Cooperation

We will briefly discuss on Project Elephant and Project Tiger.

Project Elephant

Project Elephant, a centrally sponsored scheme, was launched in February 1992 to provide
financial and technical support to major elephant bearing states in India for protection of
elephants, their habitats and corridors. The Project, involving 25 Elephant Reserves across
the country, is being implemented in 13 States and Union Territories in India, namely,
Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Though this centrally sponsored scheme began with a thrust on elephant conservation in the
various elephant populous bio-geographical regions of the country, it expanded its view to
adopt a more comprehensive approach to the subsidiary issues of human-elephant conflict
and welfare of domesticated elephants.
For a better understanding of the main activities of the Project, they are listed below:
 Ecologically restoring the existing natural habitats and migratory routes of elephants
 Developing of scientific methods for conservation of elephant habitats and viable
population of Wild Asiatic elephants in India and ensuring their continuance through
planned management.
 Promoting measures for mitigating man-elephant conflict in crucial habitats and as far
as possible negating the undue pressures of human and domestic stock activities in
crucial elephant habitats
 Ensuring strictest adherence to "No poaching" acts formulated for Wild elephants and
minimizing cases of unnatural deaths of elephants due to human or other
interference.
 Research on Elephant management related issues.
 Conducting Public education and awareness programmes.
 Providing for veterinary care of the wild elephants.
 Undertaking Eco-development as a major step to fortify their efforts at wildlife
conservation.

Project Tiger

Project Tiger was formed in 1972 and launched on the 1st April 1973 at Corbett National
Park. Project Tiger has successfully emerged as one of the champion endeavours of Tiger
conservation as formulated by a special task force set up under Wildlife Conservation Act to
address the problem of dwindling Tiger population in the country.

Though the initial push for the action was constituted by the growing concern to protect the
Royal Bengal Tigers, the disturbing data presented by the 1972 All India Tiger Census,
which enumerated the Tiger population at an alarming 1,827 as compared to the figure of
40,000 present at the turn of 20th century called for immediate action to curb the progressive
decline of wilderness resulting in the disturbance of viable tiger habitats. Currently, there are
around 39 Project Tiger wildlife reserves in India encompassing an area of more than 37,761
sq. km. Till date, the project has been the most successful one in preserving the tiger
population at Tiger Reserves in Bandhavgarh, Corbett, Pench, Ranthambhore, Kanha,
Bandipur, Panna, Dudhwa, Sunderbans, Manas and Sariska. All these reserves act as
Conservation Centers for tigers in India.
Thus following steps were taken:
 Thus, a national ban was imposed on Tiger Hunting in 1970
 The Wildlife Protection Act came into force in 1972
 Project Tiger was launched in 1973 and various tiger reserves were created in the
country based on a 'core-buffer' strategy.

The management strategy of each Tiger Reserve functioned in accordance to certain core
principles mentioned below:
 All forms of human exploitation and biotic disturbance to be eliminated from the core
zone and any activities carried out in the buffer zone should not impeach the wildlife
habitat.
 Any habitat management carried out should be subject to redressing the damage
caused by human interference in order to restore the ecosystem to its original state.
 Changes in flora and fauna are to be documented for research purpose.
In the initial phase of Project Tiger only 9 Tiger Reserves were established in different States
during the period of 1973-74 by the joint effort of Central and State Governments, namely:
 Manas (Assam)
 Palamau (Bihar)
 Similipal (Orissa)
 Corbett (U.P.)
 Kanha (M.P.)
 Melghat (Maharashtra)
 Bandipur (Karnataka)
 Ranthambhore (Rajasthan)
 Sunderbans (West Bengal)

At present the number has grown to 28 reserves in 2006 with a total Tiger population of over
1000 tigers from a mere 268 in 9 reserves in 1972.

CONCLUSION:
In concluding, it is very important to conserve and protect wildlife. Listed below are some of the
reasons why wildlife protection is essential.

1. Promote Biodiversity
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. If wildlife is extracted from its
natural habitat, the delicate balance of the ecosystem will be disturbed which will then lead
to disastrous results. For instance, there is a wide diversity of species living in a tropical rain
forest. If any species should become extinct, the food chain will be disrupted affecting all the
species. For this reason, promoting biodiversity is one of the main reasons why we should
protect wildlife. In nature, different species are connected through various food webs. Frank
Mazzotti at the University of Florida talks about the fact that the disappearance of one
species could influence several others down the line. The loss of an animal that isn't
especially important economically or culturally could unexpectedly affect a type of animal
that is, so widespread wildlife conservation is a general preventative measure for unforeseen
problems.

2. Research
One can learn a lot from animals which can benefit the human race. For instance, a lot of
medicines have been derived from the chemicals produced by animals. These medicines are
then used to help cure various health conditions, such as heart diseases, disorders, and
other illnesses. In fact, based on the statistics provided by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service,
more than 25% of the medicinal prescriptions given every year contain chemicals from
animals. For instance, there are scientists who are studying venom from the pit viper to cure
the symptoms of Melanoma, and the venom from a tarantula can help fight neurological
disorders.

3. Education
Wildlife protection is essential because if the animal is gone, it will be impossible to study
and learn from them. Unfortunately, a lot of wildlife has disappeared from earth due to
human activities. Studying animals and their habitats can be a valuable learning experience
for students of all ages. Dr. Eric Jensen at the University of Warwick has written about the
educational benefits of trips to the zoo for children. Failures in wildlife conservation may
leave teachers with fewer educational resources.

4. Psychological Benefits
Wildlife diversity has a broad appeal. The psychological benefits of biodiversity for humans
can be difficult to measure, but they're also difficult to dismiss. The research of Susanna
Curtin at Bournemouth University indicates that eco-tourists experience a tremendous sense
of wonder, contentment, and fulfilment from their wildlife encounters. Curtin's research raises
the question of what failed wildlife conservation efforts and a significant loss of species could
mean for humans psychologically.

5. Conservation Of Natural Habitat

When we conserve and protect the natural habitat of wildlife species, we enrich our planet.
To do so, we must keep the animals in their natural place. Conservation of natural habitats
will also be beneficial for humans since it helps keep the essential watersheds intact and
ensuring clean, fresh water. There are many reasons - both emotional and practical - why
wildlife conservation is important. Conservation can have powerful, direct impacts on the
daily lives of people around the world, as well as on plant and animal life and the
environment as a whole.

Today, there are now wildlife preservation programs wherein they allow the animals to roam
freely in their natural habitat. Some of these programs also allow the animals to interact with
humans. This is beneficial since it educates the people and raises awareness regarding the
importance of protecting these wildlife species.

These are just some of the reasons why everyone should work together to protect the
different species of wildlife. Thankfully, there are now national parks that provide the best
natural habitats for various species.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
The following resources were consulted for preparation of this project:

Websites:
1. www.yourarticlelibrary.com/wildlife/wildlife-protection-projects-undertaken-by-govt-of-
india-for-wildlife-protection/11157/

2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife

3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_conservation

4. animalstime.com/wildlife-conservation-efforts-in-india/

5. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/ngos-in-india.html

6. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india.html

7. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/conservation-
centers-in-india.html

8. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/project-
elephant.html

9. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/project-tiger.html

10. www.silverphoenixllc.com/phoenixblog/3-reasons-why-you-should-protect-wildlife/

11. greenliving.lovetoknow.com/environmental-issues/why-is-wildlife-conservation-
important

12. www.unodc.org/southasia//frontpage/2012/june/our-endangered-wildlife-a-cause-for-
concern.html