Types of texts:

Persuasive:
Persuade means influence, move, motivate, convince, win over:
● Use a blend of rational, rhetoric an emotional messages to ride the reader toward a
particular action or belief.
● Begin and end your writing with the most important messages
● Use negative emotions can cause the audience to avoid or distort the message. Give
a solution with that message

Informative:
Expository aims to inform, explain, or describe a topic or subject in a clear, logical, and
objective manner.
Primary goal: Convey information to the reader.
● Clarity and objectivity: Free from excessive emotion, bias or personal opinions.
● Logical structure: Introduction (introduce the topic and provide context), body
(different paragraphs, each focusing on a specific aspect of the topic), conclusion
(summarizing the main points or restating the key information)
● Use of evidence: examples, statistics, research findings, and expert opinions
● Objective tone: Formal and objective tone
● Formats: Essays, reports, compare-and-contrast writings, cause and effect analysis,
definitions, etc.

Argumentative:
Support a particular viewpoint or claim, a specific thing. Critical thinking. Influence the reader
perspective.
● Goal
● No appeal to the emotion (persuasive), demonstrate that what we are saying is true.
● Strong emphasis on logical reasoning and evidence and rational analysis. Present a
coherent and well-structured argument.
● Tone: Generally formal, focused and authoritative.
● Present facts

Cover letter:
● Research about the company
● Use the correct tone
● Open strong, not humor
● Write like if it is your dream job: “I´d love to work at your company, who wouldn´t?
● Write about the future, what you want to do in that company
● Put some problems that you solve like examples that have relation with your job
● Important things now: Adaptability and the ability to learn quickly
● Include your experience and SKILLS
● How you meet the job requirements
● Keep it short
Business letters:
● September 11th, 2023
Ms. Nancy Wheeler
Marketing manager
Peter´s pet care center incorporation
204 Humber Boulevard
● First paragraph: Salutation (with the dr and last name and if it is not a doctor the full
name) and why are you writing (grab the reader attention). Should contain the
purpose of your letter.
● Go to the point, don´t go overhead with unnecessary information.
● Second: Body (justify and support the idea you want to convey) Provide all relevant
details (precision in this), give instructions. Paragraphs are short and present key
ideas.
● Third: Call for action, what do you want the reader to do
● Close: Reinstate the purpose and use a close formula (Regards, with gratitude etc).
Provide a call to action if it is necessary.
Signature:
Regards,
Fátima Da Silva Laco
● Go to the point
● Tone

Direct approach: Your reason for writing is in the first paragraph.

This format should be use also when giving good news (jump into the goods news in the first
paragraph).

Indirect approach: For bad news. The receiver just read the background information before
they learn your reason for writing.
The important thing is how the reader will be react.

Persuasive approach: When you are selling the readers a product, service, or idea.
You have only 10 seconds to grab your reader attention.
Be specific.

Always finish with the call for action, what you want the readers to do (call you, write to you,
or wait for you to call them. If you don't want any action lets they know also (if you have any
question, call me at…).

Emails:
● Subject line: Asunto (Include a strong one that connect with the receiver´s interest)
● Signature: Name and email address
For messages going outside your company you may include your job, company
name and phone number
● Make your communication brief
● Don´t be too casual
● Follow the rules of good writing
Memos: Are documents that pass along information inside an organization.
● Brief, a few paragraph long
● Inform about new developments, upcoming events, verbal decisions and
agreements, program and activity progress report.
● Clearly state the purpose in the first sentence
● Don´t waste time on details
● Don´t make a story, go to the point
● Use “I”, “You” and “We” to keep it direct and personal
● Bullet points can be used
● Be specific with the dates (June 4th)
● Be polite
● Make your “Call for action” specific