Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________

Lecturer’s name : ______________________

EXPERIMENT 1: BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROSCOPY

Objectives

i. To obtain accurate images

ii. To determine the depth of field
iii. To determine the field of view
iv. To calculate the actual magnification
v. To apply the use of oil immersion with high magnification (oil immersion lens)

Exercise 1.1: Images, Depth of Fields and Field of View of The Microscope

1.1.1 Images under the microscope

Apparatus
Compound light microscope

Materials
‘e’ prepared slide

Procedures
1. The ‘e’ prepared slide is observed using the 4x objective lens.
2. Observation under 4x objective lens is drawn.
3. The position of ‘e’ is determined.

Observation

‘e’ image

(Take a photo of your observation & paste here)

Actual magnification: ________

Conclusion:

The letter ‘e’ image is ________ and ________.

Unit Biology KMPk Page 1 of 7

Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________
Lecturer’s name : ______________________

1.1.2 The depth of field

Apparatus
(List down the apparatus)

Materials
(List down the materials)

Procedures
(Write in passive sentences)

Observation

As for your reference, the above diagram shows the cross thread slide observed with naked
eyes and using 4x, 10x and 40x objective lens.
Follow the procedures given in the lab manual and state your observation in the table below.

Position of the naked eyes Identify the colour of thread

thread on the under the microscope using
slide 4x objective 10x objective 40x objective
lens. lens. lens.
at the top
in the middle
at the bottom

Conclusion:

Unit Biology KMPk Page 2 of 7

Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________
Lecturer’s name : ______________________

The ________ the magnification, the ________ the depth of field.

1.1.3 The field of view

Apparatus
(List down the apparatus)

Materials
(List down the materials)

Procedures
(Write in passive sentences)

Observation

(Title of your observation)

(Take a photo of your observation & paste here)

Actual magnification: 40x

Determine: (Show your calculation for question 2 & 3)

1. Diameter of field of view for the 4x objective lens is ______ mm or ______ µm.

2. Diameter of field of view for the 10x =______ mm = _______ µm.

3. The diameter of field of view for the 40x = ______mm = ______ µm.

Conclusion:

Unit Biology KMPk Page 3 of 7

Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________
Lecturer’s name : ______________________

The ________ the magnification, the ________ the size of the field of view.

Exercise 1.2: Magnification

Procedure
(Write in passive sentences)

Observation

Table 1.1 Actual magnification of a specimen

Actual magnification
Magnification power of Magnification power of objective lens
ocular lens
4x 10x 40x 100x
10x

Conclusion:

Using the 10x magnification power of ________ lens, the greater the magnification power of
________ lens will cause the actual magnification to ________.

Unit Biology KMPk Page 4 of 7

Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________
Lecturer’s name : ______________________

Exercise 1.3: Oil Immersion Objective Lens

Apparatus
(List down the apparatus)

Materials
(List down the materials)

Procedures
(Write in passive sentences)

Observation:

(Title of your observation)

(Take a photo of your observation & paste here)

Actual magnification: ________

Conclusion:

Oil immersion techniques using higher magnification (________ objective lens), where oils
________ light refraction. The ________ the resolution of the microscope, the ________ is
the ability to distinguish details of the object.

Unit Biology KMPk Page 5 of 7

Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________
Lecturer’s name : ______________________

Questions:

Part A

For questions 1 to 7, choose the correct answer from the following list:
A Scanning objective lens (4x)
B Low-power objective lens (10x)
C High-power objective lens (40x)
D Oil immersion objective lens (100x)

1. Which is the shortest objective lens? ( _________ )

2. Which objective lens should you use when you begin to focus a specimen? ( __________ )
3. Which objective lens should be in position before you store a microscope? ( __________ )
4. Which objective lens will deliver the highest amount of light? ( __________ )
5. Which objective lens requires immersion oil to fill up the space between the specimen and
the lens? ( __________ )
6. Which objective lens will remain in focus when placed at the longest working distance
from the specimen? ( __________ )
7. When using an ocular lens with 10x magnification power, which objective lens should be
used to obtain the following actual magnification?
(a) 100 times of its diameter. ( __________ )
(b) 1000 times of its diameter. ( __________ )

Part B

1. Using 40x objective lens, determine the length and width of a cell from a piece of cork
tissue with approximately 20 cells in horizontal position and 10 cells in vertical position.

Figure 1.4 Cork tissue

2. Based on laboratory practices, what do you use to clean the microscope lenses?

Unit Biology KMPk Page 6 of 7

Student’s name : ______________________ Class: ____________
Lecturer’s name : ______________________

3. While observing a moving microorganism under a microscope, you found that the
organism has moved out of the field of view to the right. In order to keep observing the
microorganism, which direction do you move your slide (right/left)?

4. How do you adjust the slide when the specimen is out of the field of view to the top?

Part C

1. Complete the following sentences.

a. A microscope is called a compound microscope when it consists of more than one set
of _________________________.

b. Condenser and iris diaphragm are useful to coordinate ______________________.

References: (minimum 2- use APA format)

Unit Biology KMPk Page 7 of 7