Name: ______________________________________ Date:__________________ Grade: ________

1. TITLE: “Is the topic of the lab session.”

EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS ULTRASTRUCTURE [0]

2. TYPE OF LABORATORY

Descriptive With hypothesis [0]

3. OBJECTIVE: “Given by the teacher, will, defines the goal of the lab session.”
a. Students use the light microscope to compare and contrast the structure of cells.
b. Students calculate the magnification of drawings and the actual size of structures and
ultrastructures shown in micrographs.

4. VARIABLES: In here register the variables according to the type of laboratory

Hypothesis: Dep: _____________________ Indep:________________________[0]
Control: _____________________________________________________[0]
Descriptive: __________________________________________________________________[1]

5. RESEARCH QUESTION: “Is a question that includes the two variables and is a cause-effect question stated like How
does _____ affect _______? Where the variables are written in the spaces.”
How is the structure of eukaryotic cells different from the prokaryotic cells when observed through a
microscope? [0]

6. BACKGROUND: “Definitions and main ideas about the topic of the lab session that allow you to understand what is
going on in the laboratory” It may be homework to do previous to the lab.”
How to draw scientific diagrams
Careful drawings are a valuable way of recording the structure of cells or other biological structures. Usually, the
lines on the drawing represent the edges of structures. Do not show unnecessary detail and only use daint
shading. The drawing of structures seen using a microscope will be larger than the structures are (the drawing
shows them magnified). The command term draw is also known as representing using a labeled, accurate
diagram or graph; using a pencil, a ruler for (straightedge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be
drawn to scale. A sharp pencil with a hard lead (2H) should be used to draw precise, short single lines.

1. Write the title of the drawing. It must include what is observed and its total magnification.

2. Draw with a pencil without any colors your microscope

field of view or FOV (is the maximum area visible when
looking through the microscope eyepiece). Table 1.
shows the diameter of FOV for the cell size calculations.

3. Make sure you label any structures you can recognize

with a straight line, without arrows, and make sure the
lines don’t cross.
Table 1. Size of the diameter of FOV at different total
How to calculate the magnification or cell size of the specimen
a. In the microscope: After seeing the cell in the microscope, measure the Actual cell size (A) using the
formula.
𝐴 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑂𝑉 / 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑂𝑉

b. With pictures: Remember

​

[0]

7. HYPOTHESIS: “a sentence describing what you think will happen and why you think it will happen. Must include the variables*
you are going to measure and how you think they are going to behave.”
NA [0]

8. METHODOLOGY: “Will describe what are you going to do, usually step by step.”

This activity is divided into two sections one in the laboratory using the microscopes in groups and
the other one individually drawing and calculating the size of the images.

Microscopes

1. Each group of 2 girls will have a microscope with one specimen of plant or animal tissues.
2. Put the slide on the stage with the most prominent region exactly in the middle of the hole in
the stage where the light comes through.
3. Always focus on the LOW power first even if eventually you need high power magnification.
4. Focus with the large coarse-focusing knobs or the coarse adjustment first, then when you
have nearly got the image in focus make it really sharp using the smaller fine-focus knobs or
fine adjustment.
5. If you want to increase the magnification, move the slide so the most promising region is
exactly in the middle of the field view and then change to a higher magnification lens.
6. Examine the slide at 4X 10X and 40X practicing how to use the focus knobs.
7. Draw what you observe at 40X in the result section A of this lab guide.
8. Calculate the actual size of one of the cells using the formula in the background

Drawing and Calculations

1. In section B of the results draw identify and calculate what is asked for each drawing.
2. Deliver the lab guide including the analysis and conclusion at the end of the class. [0]
9. MATERIALS: “What you will bring to the lab.”
Pencil, pen, ruler, and eraser.
REAGENTS: “The substances we will use in the lab.”
NA
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT: “material from the lab that is not a chemical substance.”
Microscope and plant tissue slides. [0]

10. WARNING
a. Always focus by moving the lens and the specimen further apart never closer to each
other.
b. Make sure that the slide is clean and dry before putting it on the stage.
c. Never touch the surfaces of the lenses with your fingers or anything else.
d. Carry the microscope carefully with a hand under the base and one in the arm to
support its weight securely.

11. RESULTS: “In this space, you will record what you observe in tables, diagrams, or graphs. The tables
must include the title, heading, and units when possible. The diagrams include the title and description. The
graphs include labels of the axis, proper scale, units of the variables in the labels, and a title”

SECTION A
1. Observe the image in the microscope draw, label it following the directions in the background a.
and calculate the actual cell size and show the math in section b.

a. Microscope Drawing b. Calculate the actual cell size.

[7]
SECTION B
2. Draw the FOV in the picture then select an organism and label the nucleoid, cell membrane,
cell wall, and ribosomes, then calculate the actual size, magnification, and Image size.

a. E. Coli with an electronic microscope

Calculations.

Magnification:__________
[5]
b. Human lymphocyte white blood cell as seen under a transmission electron microscope

Calculations.

Magnification:__________

[5]
12. ANALYSIS: “in this section, you must compare what you wrote in the background with what you saw in
the results. Was the theory correct? Does my background explain the results? Sometimes you need to answer
some questions.”
1. When starting to observe a specimen, what should you do first?

_________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ [2]
2. Based on the observations in section B of your results and last class conceptual map
complete five differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells and what they share

EUKARYOTIC BOTH PROKARYOTIC

13. CONCLUSION: “In a hypothesis laboratory will if you accept or reject the hypothesis you wrote
initially, don’t forget to include the result that makes you accept or reject the hypothesis.” If It is a
descriptive laboratory respond to the research question(s)”.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________[2]

14. REFERENCES: “quote the book or website or the notes of your notebook that you use in the
lab.”
1. GCSE Biology Microscope drawing and measuring cell size (Edexcel 9-1)
2. Allott and Mindorff, Biology IB course companion Oxford 2014 ed
3. Paul W Leep. General Microbiology Laboratory Manual 2nd ed 2010 [0]

15. CHECKLIST PREPARATION OF THE LAB.

Read the background and methodology
Complete the variables section
Make sure you read and understand the safety measures specific for the lab in
section 10
Watch the video Caring for your microscope [0]