Name: ______________________________________ Date:__________________ Grade: ________

TITLE: “Is the topic of the lab session.”

The effects of pH on enzyme activity [0]

TYPE OF LABORATORY

Descriptive With hypothesis [1]

OBJECTIVE: “Given by the teacher will, defines the goal of the lab session.”
Measure and graph the effect of pH on the enzyme-catalyzed reaction [0]

VARIABLES: Dep: ______________________ Indep:__________________________

Control: _____________________ _______________________________[3]

RESEARCH QUESTION: “Is a question that includes the two variables and is a cause-effect question
stated like How does _____ affect _______? Where the variables are written in the spaces”

How does pH affect enzyme-catalyzed activity? [0]

BACKGROUND: “Definitions and main ideas about the topic of the lab session that allow you to
understand what is going on in the laboratory” It may be homework to do previous the lab.

Changes in pH can have a dramatic effect on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction:

● Each enzyme has a range of pH in which it

functions efficiently.
● pH affects enzymes because the structure of
a protein (and, therefore, the shape of the active
site) is maintained by various bonds within its three
dimensions structure. Fig 2.7.
● A change in pH from the optimum alters the
bonding patterns, progressively changing the shape
of the molecule
○ Acidity is due to the presence of hydrogen
ions (H+), and alkalinity can be due to the presence
of hydroxide ions (OH-) ions are charged and
therefore interfere with the hydrogen and ionic
bonds that hold an enzyme together and determine
its tertiary structure since the ions will be attracted
or repealed by the changes created by the bonds.
The active site may quickly be rendered inactive
and unable to bond to the substrate.

* Variable is the characteristic you are going to measure that can be controllled, dependen and
Independent
 ○ Unlike temperature changes, the effect of pH on the active site is normally reversible. provided
the changes in surrounding acidity or alkalinity are not too extreme; as the pH reverts to the
optimum for the enzyme, the active site may reform.

Some of the digestive enzymes of the

gut have different optimum pH values
from the majority of other enzymes. For
example, those adapted to operate in
the stomach, where there is a high
concentration of hydrochloric acid
during digestion, have an optimum pH
that is close to pH 2.0

Amylases' main function is to hydrolyze

the glycosidic bonds in starch
molecules, converting complex
carbohydrates to simple sugars. Purified
human pancreatic alpha-amylase was
found to be stable over a wide range of pH values (5.0 to 10.5) with an optimal pH for the enzymatic
activity of 7.0. as most enzymes in human cells Fig 2.8

Many different food groups contain a carbohydrate known as starch. Using an iodine solution, you can
test for the presence of starch. When starch is present, the iodine changes from orange-brown to
blue-black or purple. This is known as the iodine test. Figure 3.

[0]

HYPOTHESIS: “a sentence describing what you think will happen and why you think it will happen.
Must include the variables* you are going to measure and how you think they are going to behave.”

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________[2]
METHODOLOGY: “Will describe what are you going to do, usually step by step.”

1. Label three test tubes each with one of the following pH 4,7,10 and place them in test
tube rack
2. Use a pipette to place 2 cm3 of amylase solution into the test tube labeled 4
3. Use a different pipette to add 1 cm3 of buffer solution labeled pH 4 to the test tube 4
4. Place a single drop of iodine solution in each dimple of the tile or plastic surface. I
suggest creating at least 15 spots of iodine solution.
5. Use the third pipette to add 2 cm3 of starch to the amylase/buffer solution and start the
stop clock.
6. After 10 seconds, use a plastic pipette to place one drop of the mixture into the first
dimple containing iodine. The iodine solution should turn blue-black. Put the remaining
solution back into the amylase/buffer/starch solution, leaving the pipette empty.
7. wait another 10 seconds, and then remove a second drop of the mixture to add to the
next dimple containing iodine.
8. Repeat until the iodine solution and the amylase/buffer/starch mixture remain orange.
(you could prepare a controlled drop for comparison with the test drops. What should this
contain?) .
9. Count how many iodines dimples you have used up to the point at which the iodine
remained orange: each equals 10 seconds of reaction time.
10. Repeat steps 3 to 7 for each pH buffer solution.
11. In your result table should be the number of iodine dimples used to see the orange color
of the iodine solution for each pH buffer solution
12. Plot a graph of your results. [0]

MATERIALS: “What you will bring to the lab.”

1. Lab coat 2. Tape and a sharpie 3. Timer 4. Nitrile gloves
REAGENTS: “The substances and material we will use in the lab and are consumables”
1.
2.
3.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT: “material from the lab that is not a chemical substance.”
1. Four test tubes 2. Three test tubes
3. Spotting tile or plastic surface 4. Test tube rack
[1]

WARNING
● Always follow the safety labels of the liquids or solutions
● Acids are corrosive, handle them with care, and always use gloves.
● Use eye protection or goggles.
● Follow the rules of the lab and instructions of the lab guide.
RESULTS: “In this space, you will record what you observe in tables, diagrams, and/or graphs. The
tables must include title, heading, and units when possible. The diagrams include title and
description and in the graphs include labels of the axis, propper scale, units of the variables in the
labels and a title”

1. Results Table

2. Results Graph

[6]
ANALYSIS: “in this section, you must contrast your hypothesis with your results and describe your
findings”
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_______________________________________________________________________[6]

CONCLUSION: “Accept or reject the hypothesis you wrote initially and explain why you accept or
reject the hypothesis considering your results. Also, identify the main obstacles in your practice.
Short Sentence

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_______________________________________________________________________[2]

REFERENCES: “quote the book or website or the notes of your notebook that you use in the lab.”
Andrew Davis, Internal Assessment for Biology, Skills for success. Hodder Education pp
GCSE Science Revision Biology "Required Practical 5: Effect of pH on Amylase" [0]

CHECK LIST PREPARATION OF THE LAB

Read all the parts of the lab guide and complete, the variables, type of laboratory,
hypothesis, and materials
Each girl in the group knows what materials to bring to the practice.
All the girls in the group recognize the elements and instruments to use in the
laboratory
All girls in the group understand the risks and safety measures necessary to enter and
go through the practice.
The tables of results were designed before going to the lab. [1]