History - derived from the greek word historia which  To seek for the meaning of the past to let

st to let the people

means “knowledge acquired through inquiry or see the continuing
investigation.” relevance of provenance, memory, remembering, and
historical understanding
- became an important academic discipline.  is the for both the present and the future.
inquiry conducted by the historian and the series of past  Gather historical data from sources such as archives,
events into which he inquires. court records, diaries,
news files, and photographs, as well as collect data
KASAYSAYAN
sources such as books,
- saysay (narrative or salaysay) pamphlets, and periodicals.
 Trace historical development in a particular field,
- saysay (relevance, importance) such as social, cultural,
political, or diplomatic history.
POSITIVISM
Historical Sources are classified into two:
 the school of thought that emerged between the 18th 1. Primary Sources
and 19th century that believes empirical and observable 2. Secondary Sources
evidence is required before one can claim that a What are Primary Sources?
particular knowledge is true. A first hand account, record, evidence about a
person, place, object, or an event
 the mantra “no document, no history” stems from this Testimony of an eyewitness
very truth.
FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES OF PRIMARY
POSTCOLONIALISM
SOURCES
 the school of thought that emerged in the early
1. WRITTEN SOURCES
twentieth century when formerly colonized nations
grappled with the idea of creating their identities and 2. IMAGES
understanding their societies against the shadow of
their colonial past. 3. ARTIFACTS

 looks at two things in writing history: 4. ORAL HISTORY

 Verbal testimonies which are reported statements
Historiography involving the past.
 the history of history.
WHAT ARE SECONDARY SOURCES?
 different from history’s object of study is the past,  Secondary source interprets and analyzes primary
the events that sources. These sources are
happened in the past and the causes of such events one or more steps removed from the event.
while historiography’s  Secondary sources may have been pictures, quotes or
object of study is history itself (how was a certain graphics of primary
historical text written? sources in them.
Who wrote it? What was the context of the publication?  An account, record, or evidence that comes from an
What particular original or primary source.
historical method was employed? What are the sources
used? ) Example of Secondary Sources:
 Textbooks
 Reference Books
MODULE 2  Biographies
 Encyclopedias
Role and Task of Historian  Magazines
 To seek and interpret historical evidence and facts.  Periodicals
 To give meaning to the facts and organize it into a  Almana
timeline, establish causes,
and write history so that it can offer lessons for nations, EXTERNAL CRITICISM
societies, and  is the practice of of verifying the
civilization. authenticity of evidence by examining its
physical characteristics; consistency with
the historical characteristic of the time
when it was produced; and the materials
used for the evidence.
INTERNAL CRITICISM
 is the examination of the truthfulness of
the evidence.
MODULE 3
Content analysis
 Is a systemic evaluation of the primary source
be it a text, painting, caricature, and or/speech
that in the process students could develop and
present an argument based on their own
understanding of the evidences form their
readings. The students will identify pertinent
information from the texts/documents and
explain its importance to their understanding
of history in the Philippine setting.
Contextual analysis
 Considers specifically the time, place, and
situation when the primary source was
written. The analysis as well includes the
author’s background, authority on the subject
and intent perceptible, and its relevance and
meaning to people and society today (Ligo,
et.al., 2018)
Content and contextual analysis is an
indispensable approach to strengthen the students’
critical and analytical thinking skills and their
ability to articulate their own ideas, views and
perspectives on a certain primary data or source. In
order to achieve this, primary sources will be used
and utilized for analysis.
MODULE 4
The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or
Katipunan is arguably the most important
organization formed in the Philippine history.
Below is the translated version of the rules in
Kartilya:
I. The life that is not consecrated to a
lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree
without a shade, if not a poisonous
weed.
II. To do good for personal gain and not
for its own sake is not a virtue.
III. It is rational to be charitable and love
one's fellow creature, and to adjust
one's conduct, acts and words to what
is in itself reasonable.
IV. Whether our skin be black or white, we
are all born equal: Superiority in
knowledge, wealth and beauty are to
be understood, but not superiority by
nature.
V. The honorable man prefers honor to
personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to
honor.
VI. To the honorable man, his word is
sacred.
VII. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be
recovered but not time lost.
VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the
oppressor before the law or in the
field.
IX. The prudent man is sparing in words
and faithful in keeping secrets.
X. On the thorny path of life, man is the
guide of woman and the children, and
if the guide leads to the precipice,
those whom he guides will also go
there.
XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a
mere plaything, but as faithful
companion who will share with thee
the penalties of life; her (physical)
weakness will increase thy interest in
her and she will remind thee of the
mother who bore thee and reared thee.
XII. What thou dost not desire done unto
thy wife, children, brothers and sisters,
that do not unto the wife, children,
brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.
XIII. Man is not worth more because he is a
king, because his nose is aquiline, and
his color white, not because he is a
priest, a servant of God, nor because of
the high prerogative that he enjoys
upon earth, but he is worth most who
is a man of proven and real value, who
does good, keeps his words, is worthy
and honest; he who does not oppress
nor consent to being oppressed, he
 who loves and cherishes his fatherland
though he be born in the wilderness
and know no tongue but his own.
XIV. When these rules of conduct shall be
known to all, the longed for sun of
Liberty shall rise brilliant over this
most unhappy portion of the globe and
its rays shall diffuse everlasting joy
among the confederated brethren of
the same rays, the lives of those who
have gone before, the fatigues and the
well-paid sufferings will remain. If he
who desires to enter has informed
himself of all this and believes he will
be able to perform what will be his
duties, he may fill out the application
for admission.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
 Emilio Jacinto was born in 1875 on
the 15th of December.
 Son of Mariano Jacinto and Josefa
Dizon
 Elementary education in Private
school while Secondary education
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
 He died on April 16, 1899 at the age of
24.
ABOUT THE TEXT
 Jim Richardson said that “the Kartilya
is the best known of all Katipunan
texts” and also it is “the only
document of any length set in print
by the Katipunan prior to August
1896 that is known to be still extant.”
 Kartilya was printed as a small
pamphlet.
 The first edition of Kartilya was written
by Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto will
later pen a revised Decalogue.
ANALYSIS OF THE KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
 As a document written for a fraternity
whose main purpose is to overthrow a
colonial regime, we can explain the
content and provisions of the Kartilya
ng Katipunan as a reaction and
response to certain value systems that
they found despicable in the present
state of things that they struggled
against with.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF PROCLAMATION OF
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENT
AMBROSIO RIANZARES BAUTISTA
 Born on December 7, 1830 at Biñan,
Laguna
 Distant relative of the Rizal family.
 One of the officers of La Liga Filipina
 Adviser of Emilio Aguinaldo and was
appointed Auditor-General de Guerra.
 Popular among peasants as “Don
Bosyong” and laborers.
Analysis of the “Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence”
1. The document reflects the
revolutionary sentiment of that
period.
2. The Proclamation also gives us the
impression on how the victorious
revolutionary government of
Aguinaldo historicized the struggle for
independence.
A GLANCE AT SELECTED PHILIPPINE POLITICAL
CARICATURE IN ALFRED MCCOY’S PHILIPPINE
CARTOONS: POLITICAL CARICATURE OF THE
AMERICAN ERA (1900-1941)
ALFRED MCCOY
Alfred W. McCoy holds the Harrington chair of History at
the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he teaches
classes on the on the Vietnam War, modern empires, and
U.S. foreign policy
He is the author of “In the Shadows of the American
Century: The Rise and Decline of U.S. Global Power”
(Chicago, 2017)
He is also the author of “Policing America’s Empire: The
United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of the
Surveillance State” (Madison, 2009) which won the
Kahin Prize form the Association for Asian Studies.
ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL CARICATURES DURING
THE AMERICAN PERIOD

-The Spanish Colonial period to the American Occupation

period demonstrated different strands of changes and
shifts in culture, society, and politics.

-The Americans drastically introduced democracy to the

nascent nation and the consequences were far from ideal.