1

†kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`

 2

†kÖô cÖeÜ †kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`

†Mvjvg gyiwk` cÖ_g cÖKvk : gvP© 2019
¯^Z¡ : †jLK
cÖKvkK : Rwmg DwÏb
K_vcÖKvk
†dvb 9581942, 01766590404
Email : kathaprokash@gmail.com
evsjvevRvi kvLv
K_vcÖKvk, 37/1 evsjvevRvi, wc. †K. ivq †ivW, XvKv 1100
†dvb 9581942, 01706893210, 01714666946
kvnevM kvLv
K_vcÖKvk, 87 AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©U (3q Zjv)
kvnevM, XvKv 1000, †dvb 9635087
KjKvZv kvLv
K_vcÖKvk, we`¨vmvMi UvIqvi, †`vKvb b¤^i G-14 (MÖvDÛ †d¬vi)
15 k¨vgvPiY †` w÷ªU, KjKvZv-700 073
†dvb 03322410400 (+913322410400)
gy`ªK
myeY© wcÖ›Uvm©, 3/K-L cvUzqvUzjx †jb, XvKv 1100
†dvb 57397081, 01726462533
g~j¨ : 500.00
cÖ”Q` : me¨mvPx nvRiv
SHRESTHA PRABANDHA by Ghulam Murshid
Published by Jashim Uddin
Kathaprokash, 37/1 Banglabazar, Dhaka 1100, Ph. 9581942, 01706893210
First Published : March 2019
Price : Tk. 500.00, $ 25
Email : kathaprokash@gmail.com, Web : www.kathaprokash.com
ISBN : 984 70120 0918 5
N‡i e‡m K_vcÖKvk-Gi eB wKb‡Z wfwRU Ki“b
K_vcÖKvk http://rokomari.com/kathaprokash
 3

DrmM©
cyÎ I Kb¨vcÖwZg
W. BgwZqvR Avng`
W. jvBmv Avng` wjmv
 4

gyLeÜ
†Kej fvlv I mvwnZ¨ bq, bvbv wel‡q Avgvi AvMÖn| wjLwQI cÂvk eQ‡ii
†ewk mgq a‡i| eû †jLv BwZg‡a¨ nvwi‡q †M‡Q| RMr I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ
Avgvi `„wófw½ cv‡ë‡Q| cÖ_g w`‡Ki cÖeܸ‡jv‡Z †h gZvgZ cÖKvk K‡iwQ,
†Kv_vI †Kv_vI †mme gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ Avgvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ wd‡K n‡q‡Q| Z`ycwi
fvlvq cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q, evbv‡b cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| GK-GK mg‡q wj‡LwQ wfbœ
wfbœ †gRv‡R| d‡j cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q iPbv‰kjx‡ZI|
†gvU K_v, Avgvi †jLv cÖeÜivwki ga¨ †_‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK cÖeÜ
wbe©vPb K‡i GKwU msKjb `uvo Kiv‡bv KwVb e¨vcvi| Avgvi †m iKg B‡”QI
wQ‡jv bv| wKš‘ AbyRcÖwZg Aa¨vcK ¯^‡ivwPl miKvi, ej‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡K
bvbv hyw³Rv‡j e›`x K‡i GKwU cÖeÜ msKjb cÖKv‡k m¤§Z Kwi‡q‡Qb|
wZwbB cÖeܸ‡jv msMÖn K‡i‡Qb, msKjb K‡i‡Qb, m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb|
myZivs G msMÖ‡ni †Kv‡bv ¸Yv¸Y _vK‡j Zvi meUv ZuviB cÖvc¨| Avwg
mv¶x‡Mvcvj gvÎ|
cÖeܸ‡jv Aa©kZvãx a‡i iwPZ e‡j †Kv_vI †Kv_vI cybive„wË, GgbwK
ci¯úiwe‡ivax e³e¨ _vKv m¤¢e| †ZgbUv j¶ Ki‡j cvVK wbR ¸‡Y ¶gv
Ki‡eb| hw`I Avkv Kwi, †ZgbUv Lye †ewk RvqMvq j¶ Kiv hv‡e bv|
Avgvi c‡¶ G‡Zv `~i †_‡K nvwi‡q hvIqv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †jLv cybi“×vi
Kiv m¤¢e wQ‡jv bv| †m¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z ¯^‡ivwPl‡K mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb
†mœnfvRb weavbP›`ª cvj Avi gywnZ nvmvb| Zuv‡`i Avš—wiK ab¨ev`|

†Mvjvg gyiwk`
jÛb, †deª“qvwi, 2019

†kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk` 7 8 †kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`

 5

m~wP
fvlv
evsjv M‡`¨i iƒcvš—i : Jcwb‡ewkK cÖfv‡e ms¯‹vi I ms¯‹…Zvqb || 11
fwel¨‡Zi evsjv fvlv-mvwnZ¨ || 42
gvbex
Avš—R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em : †MŠie I ev¯—e || 52
bvixev‡`i mwn meK || 329
`ywLbx evsjv evbvb || 60
cÖ_g AvZ¥Rxebx iPwqZv : ivmmy›`ix †`ex || 349
mvwnZ¨ cÖ_g gymjgvb M`¨ †jwLKv : wewe Zv‡nib †bQv || 369
we`¨vmvMi-gvbm || 65 cÖ_g bvixcÖMwZev`x : K…òfvwebx `vm || 377
we`¨vmvM‡ii iPbvq i½e¨½ || 94 cÖ_g bvixev`x : †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb || 404
†i‡bm‡Ýi wkíx gvB‡Kj || 102
gbxlv
gvB‡Kj-gvb‡m BD‡ivc || 119
AvaywbKZvi cÖZxK : wkebvivqY ivq || 434
iex›`ªbv‡_i mgvRwPš—vi weeZ©b || 140
HwZnvwmK Zcb ivq‡PŠayix || 447
iex›`ªbv‡_i Ôc~iexÕ || 153
Avgvi wk¶K : gybxi †PŠayix || 456
bRi“‡ji mvg¨ev` || 167
HwZnvwmK mvjvn&DÏxb Avn‡g` || 465
cÖgxjvi cÖZx¶v || 173
KxwZ©i †P‡q gnr : Lvb mviIqvi gyiwk` || 474
mgvR †`eeªZ wek^vm : AvaywbKZv I wkíxi ¯^vaxbZv || 482
ØviKvbv_ VvKzi : AvaywbKZvi we¯§„Z cw_K…r || 180 kvgmyi ivngvb : gyKzUnxb RvZxq Kwe || 509
iex›`ªbv_ I c~e©evsjvi gymwjg mgvR || 196
evOvwj gymjgv‡bi ¯^iƒ‡ci mÜvb : `ywU wecÖZxc `„óvš— || 203 AvZ¥‰RewbK
Av`k©ev` I gvby‡li msKU || 218 (A)wk¶vi BwZK_v || 515
(A)msev‡`i BwZK_v || 538
ms¯‹…wZ
evOvwjZ¡ || 260 ig¨
wek kZ‡Ki evsjv m½xZ || 280 evOvwji Avw`‡L¨Zv || 563
myKzgvix †_‡K mywPÎv || 306 †`eZvi bvixe›`bv || 572
†kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk` 9 10 †kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`
 6
evsjv M‡`¨i iƒcvš—i : Jcwb‡ewkK
cÖfv‡e ms¯‹vi I ms¯‹…Zvqb
Bs‡iR kvm‡bi c~‡e©, GgbwK Bs‡iR kvmb ïi“ nevi Ae¨ewnZ c‡iI, †h
evsjv M`¨ cÖPwjZ wQ‡jv, kã e¨env‡ii w`K w`‡q Zv‡K `ywU ˆkjx‡Z fvM Kiv
hvq| GKwU Aviwe-dviwm kãcÖavb cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi e¨envwiK fvlv, Ab¨wU
Zrmg-Z™¢ecÖavb ag©xq fvlv| wKš‘ kã e¨env‡ii w`K w`‡q GB `yB ixwZ‡Z
cv_©K¨ _vK‡jI, evK¨KvVv‡gvq Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡ji evsjv fvlv †Mvovi w`‡K
cÖvq Awfbœ wQ‡jv| ZLb evK¨ †jLv n‡Zv Lv‡Uv ˆ`‡N©¨i, mij cÖKw… Zi| Zv‡Z
_vK‡Zv KZ©v, Kg© Ges wµqvc`| ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ wµqv we‡klYI e¨eüZ n‡Zv|
wKš‘ Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi m‡½ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi d‡j evsjv M‡`¨i GB mijZv
`ª“Z †jvc †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GKw`‡K, kã e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î Aviwe-dviwm kã
mÁv‡b eR©b K‡i Zrmg kã Avg`vwbi cÖqvm j¶ Kiv hvq; Ab¨w`‡K, evK¨-
KvVv‡gvq eo iK‡gi cwieZ©b m~wPZ nq| mij Ges Lv‡Uv ev‡K¨i e`‡j RwUj
Ges `xN© evK¨ †jLvi ixwZ e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ nq|
AvB‡bi eB I miKvwi weÁwß-weÁvc‡bi Abyev` Kiv‡Z wM‡q WvbKvb,
†gqvi, †Pwi, GWgb‡÷vb, di÷vi Ges Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi Abyev`-Kg©KZ©v
bZzb ixwZi evK¨KvVv‡gv‡K cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc †`b Ges e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPjb
K‡ib| †Kej Bs‡iwR `xN© I RwUj ev‡K¨i Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡qB GB
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`qwb, n¨vj‡nW, WvbKvb Ges di÷v‡ii g‡Zv cwÊZI
wQ‡jb, huviv fvlvi wewkó ˆkjx m¤ú‡K©—evK¨KvVv‡gv Ges kã e¨envi
m¤ú‡K© ¯^Kxq I `„p g‡bvfve †cvlY Ki‡Zb| †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri
cwÊZiv GB bZzb ixwZi fvlv‡KB AviI k³ wfwËi Ici ¯’vcb K‡ib|
AZtci GB cwÊwZ ixwZi evsjv fvlvB eûjfv‡e ¯^xK…Z I cÖPwjZ nq|
†kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk` 11
eZ©gvb Aa¨v‡q Avgiv GB ms¯‹vi I mÁvb ms¯‹…Zvqb cÖwµqvi
wePvi-we‡k­lY Ki‡ev| GB cÖwµqv Avi¤¢ nevi †cQ‡b mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK
I mvs¯‹…wZK Kx Kx KviY wQ‡jv Ges wVK KLb wKfv‡e GB cÖwµqvi m~Pbv
nq, Zv Avgiv †`L‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| †mB m‡½, we‡k­lY K‡i †`L‡ev, GB
cÖwµqv evsjv M‡`¨i Pwi·K, we‡kl K‡i kã e¨envi Ges evK¨ KvVv‡gv‡K
wKfv‡e Ges K‡ZvUv cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jv|
1919 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’ mykxjKzgvi †` ms¯‹…Zvqb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kv‡j gš—e¨ K‡ib †h, DBwjqvg †Kix ms¯‹…Z‡KB evsjvi wfwË wn‡k‡e MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb G‡K †Kixi GKUv ¸Y e‡j MY¨ K‡ib| ms¯‹…Z-cÖxwZi
R‡b¨ wZwb ivgivg emy Ges g„Zz¨Äq we`¨vj¼v‡iiI cÖksmv K‡ib|1
Z‡e ms¯‹…Zvqb wb‡q me‡P‡q D”Q¡wmZ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib mRbxKvš— `vm—
1946 mv‡j| Zuvi AwfgZ †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK|
1778 wLª÷v‡ã n¨vj‡nW I cieZ©xKv‡j †nbix wcUm di÷vi I DBwjqvg
†Kix evsjv fvlv‡K ms¯‹…Z Rbbxi mš—vb awiqv Aviex-dvimxi AbwaKvi
cÖ‡e‡ki wei“‡× ixwZgZ IKvjwZ Kwiqv‡Qb Ges cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB wZb
BsjÊxq cwʇZi hZœ I †Póvq AwZ Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlv ms¯‹…Z
nBqv DwVqv‡Q| 1778 wLª÷v‡ã GB Aviex-dvimx-wbm~`b-h‡Ái m~ÎcvZ
Ges 1838 wLª÷v‡ã AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv¤úvbxi m`i gd¯^j
Av`vjZmg~n Aviex-dvimxi cwie‡Ë© evsjv I Bs‡iwR cÖeË©‡b GB h‡Ái
c~Y©vûwZ| ew¼gP‡›`ªi Rb¥I GB ermi|2
mykxjKzgvi †`-i g‡Z mRbxKvš— `v‡mi BwZnvm ÔhZ`~i m¤¢e wbLuyZ I
wbi‡c¶Õ3 n‡jI, Dc‡ii DׄwZ‡Z Aviwe-dviwmi cÖwZ mRbxKv‡š—i weiƒc
g‡bvfve Ae¨³ _v‡Kwb|4 ms¯‹…Zvq‡bi d‡j †Kej †h Aviwe-dviwm kãB
ewR©Z nqwb, eis †mB m‡½ eû †`kx kã Ges evsjv wµqvc`I ewR©Z nq,
mRbxKvš— †mw`‡K nq‡Zv bRi †`bwb| bZzb K…wÎg ixwZ‡Z fvlvi mnR mij
¯^vfvweKZv webó n‡qwQ‡jv mRbxKvš— Zv-I j¶ K‡ibwb|
ms¯‹…Zvqb wb‡q myKzgvi †mbI Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| 5 Z‡e Zuvi Av‡jvPbvq
mRbxKvš— `v‡mi g‡Zv KÆi g‡bvfve cÖKvwkZ nqwb| mRbxKvš— `v‡mi
g‡bvfve cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q mweZv P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi iPbvq| qy‡ivcxq‡`i evsjv
fvlv PP©v cÖm‡½ ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB G cÖkœwU wZwb DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb| †Rvbv_vb
WvbKv‡bi fvlv cÖm‡½ wZwb †h gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zv †_‡K Ggb aviYv n‡Z
cv‡i †h, wZwb Aviwe-dviwm kã eR©b K‡i Zrmg kã e¨envi Kiv‡K DbœZ
12 †kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`
 7
fvlvi GKUv cÖavb kZ© e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib| †Rvbv_vb WvbKvb Zuvi iPbvq
`y-PviwU Bs‡iwR kã MÖnY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib, Zv‡Z mweZv P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi
†Kv‡bv AvcwË †bB; wKš‘ G fvlv †h Avwie-dviwm fvlvi g‡Zv weRvZxq
kãvo¤^i KvwU‡q D‡V‡Q, GUvB Zuvi we‡ePbvq me‡P‡q cÖksmbxq e¨vcvi| 6
1947 mv‡j †`kwefv‡Mi ci c~e©evsjvq huviv evsjv M‡`¨i BwZnvm wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb, ZuvivI A‡b‡K GB ms¯‹…Zvqb wb‡q gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
Zuv‡`i e³e¨ mRbxKvš— `v‡mi wVK D‡ëv| bvwRi DÏxb †gvnv¤§` Avey
mywdqv‡bi g‡Zv A‰bwZnvwm‡Ki K_v ev` w`‡jI, huv‡`i e³‡e¨ h‡_ó
wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv Av‡Q, ZuvivI †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri mgq †_‡K evsjv M‡`¨
Aviwe-dviwm kã n«vm cvq—G NUbv‡K gymjgvbwe‡ivax GKUv lohš¿
wn‡k‡eB †`‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ Gi d‡j evsjv M`¨ †h LuvwU evsjv kãm¤¢vi Ges
ev‡K¨i mijZv nvwi‡qwQ‡jv, †m w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`bwb|7 Avm‡j mRbxKvš—
gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb RvZxqZvev`x wn›`y wn‡k‡e, Guiv gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb
RvZxqZvev`x gymjgvb wn‡k‡e| Dfq †¶‡ÎB mv¤cÖ`vwqK wPš—vaviv Zuv‡`i
`„wófw½‡K A¯^”Q K‡iwQ‡jv|
ms¯‹…Zvq‡bi m~Pbv
Aviwe-dviwm, GgbwK cZz©MxR fvlvi kãvw` evsjv fvlvq Xy‡K covq evsjv
fvlvi weï×Zv webó n‡q‡Q, Ges weï× evsjvi wfwË n‡jv ms¯‹…Z—
n¨vj‡nWB cÖ_g G K_v †j‡Lb| G aviYv wZwb †Kv_vq cvb, Zv ejv k³,
gynv¤§` Avãyj KvBD‡gi M‡elYv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, n¨vj‡nW evsjv †k‡Lb
`yR‡bi Kv‡Q| Gu‡`i GKRb wQ‡jb c~e©e½xq gybwk; Avi Ab¨Rb cwðge½xq
eªvþY cwÊZ| cwðge½xq GB cwʇZi ms¯‹…wZag©x evsjvi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qB
bvwK n¨vj‡nW ms¯‹…Zvq‡bi c‡¶ IKvjwZ K‡ib|8 `yR‡bi KvQ †_‡K evsjv
†kLvi wel‡q KvBDg hv e‡j‡Qb, Zv mskqvZxZfv‡e cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
wKš‘ n¨vj‡nW †h `yB ixwZi evsjv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb wQ‡jb Ges µgk
ms¯‹…ZMÜx ixwZ‡KB Av`k© wn‡k‡e †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb—GUv KvBD‡gi iPbv
†_‡K ¯úó †evSv hvq|
n¨vj‡n‡Wi e¨vKiY c‡o miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv ivRKv‡h©i Dc‡hvMx evsjv
wkL‡Z cvi‡eb, GB D‡Ïk¨ wb‡qB Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm n¨vj‡nW‡K Zuvi evsjv
e¨vKiY wjL‡Z Aby‡iva Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡M n¨vj‡nW‡K
†kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk` 13
w`‡q A Code of Gentoo Laws msKjb I Abyev` Kwi‡q †bevi KviYI wQ‡jv
ivRKv‡h© mnvqZv| n¨vj‡nW `wjj-`¯—v‡eR Ges wPwVc‡Îi A‡bK¸‡jv bgybv
msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb—m¤¢eZ Zuvi e¨vKi‡Yi DcKiY wn‡k‡eB| wKš‘ †kl ch©š—
wZwb †h e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib, Zv‡Z `„óvš— †`b †Kej aª“c`x Kve¨MÖš’ K…wËevmx
ivgvqY, Kvkx ivg`vmx gnvfviZ Ges fviZP‡›`ªi we`¨vmy›`i †_‡K —gy‡Li
fvlvi m‡½ hvi wQ‡jv `y¯—i e¨eavb| GgbwK Kvkx `vmx gnvfviZ, K…wËevmx
ivgvqY Ges fviZP‡›`ªi we`¨vmy›`‡ii †hme RvqMvq gy‡Li fvlvi mnR
iƒcwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, n¨vj‡nW †mme `„óvš— †bbwb| n¨vj‡nW Aviwe-
dviwm kã eR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb Zv e¨vKi‡Y ¯^xKviI K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘
wZwb Zuvi e¨vKi‡Y eû e¨eüZ evsjv wµqvc‡`i †h ZvwjKv w`‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z
A‡bK evsjv wµqvc`B ev` w`‡qwQ‡jb, KviY ms¯‹…Z †Kv‡bv k‡ãi m‡½ wZwb
Zv‡`i †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|9 evsjv fvlvi ˆewkó¨c~Y© †hŠwMK
wµqvc`¸‡jvi gv‡b wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ibwb Ges bvg avZz¸‡jvI MÖnY K‡ibwb|
Aviwe-dviwm kã eR©‡bi Z_v ms¯‹…wZKi‡Yi cÖwµqv n¨vj‡nW †_‡K ïi“
nq e‡U, Z‡e mRbxKvš— †hfv‡e G gš—e¨ K‡ib, Zv †_‡K Ggb aviYv n‡Z
cv‡i †h, †mKv‡ji †jLKiv n¨vj‡n‡Wi e³‡e¨ cÖfvweZ n‡qB ms¯‹…ZcÖavb
evsjv wjL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib| wKš‘ mwZ¨Kvi NUbv n‡jv : n¨vj‡nW ms¯‹…Zvq‡bi
cÖe³v n‡jI, evOvwjiv Zuvi e³‡e¨ Av‡`Š cÖfvweZ nbwb| †dvU© DBwjqvg
K‡jR ¯’vwcZ nevi Av‡M A_ev Zvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡i †Kv‡bv evOvwj
n¨vj‡n‡Wi e¨vKiY c‡owQ‡jb—GgbUv ¯^vfvweK g‡b nq bv| g„Zz¨Äq wb‡R
Bs‡iwR Rvb‡Zb bv, wKš‘ †Kix Zuvi e¨vKiY iPbvi mg‡q n¨vj‡n‡Wi e¨vKiY
m¤ú‡K© g„Zz¨Ä‡qi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib, Giƒc g‡b Kiv m½Z| Abygvb Kwi,
ivg‡gvnb ivqB cÖ_g evOvwj whwb n¨vj‡n‡Wi e¨vKiY c‡owQ‡jb| Gw`‡K
evsjv fvlvq ms¯‹…Zvq‡bi cÖwµqv Zuvi Av‡MB ïi“ n‡qwQ‡jv| myZivs G‡Z
n¨vj‡n‡Wi mivmwi †Kv‡bv f~wgKv wQ‡jv e‡j g‡b nq bv| e¯‘Z Gi KviY
Ab¨Î wbwnZ wQ‡jv|
1784 mvj †_‡K evsjv fvlvq B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi †h AvBbMÖš¸’ ‡jv
Ab~w`Z n‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i, Av‡MB j¶ K‡iwQ, Zuvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q mvejxj M`¨
†j‡Lb †Rvbv_vb WvbKvb| wZwb mgKvjxb AvB‡bi fvlvq †h ai‡bi wecyj
msL¨K Aviwe-dviwm kã e¨eüZ n‡Zv, Zv A‡bKvs‡k eR©b K‡i Zrmg-Z™¢e
k‡ãi AbycvZ Zuvi iPbvq evwo‡q †`b| Z‡e Zuvi fvlvi mvejxjZvi KviY GUv
bq; G mvejxjZv wZwb AR©b K‡ib c`µ‡gi ¸‡Y| wKš‘ Zey ms¯‹…Zawg©Zv‡KB
14 †kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`
 8
hw` G fvlvi cÖavb ¸Y e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq, Zv n‡jI ej‡Z n‡e,
WvbKv‡bi GB ixwZ mgmvgwqK iPbvq Av‡`Š †Kv‡bv cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖfve co‡j cieZ©x K‡qK eQ‡ii Abyev` MÖ‡š’B me‡P‡q †ewk co‡Zv| wKš‘
†gqvi, †Pwi A_ev GWgb‡÷v‡bi gybwkiv cieZ©x mvZ eQ‡i cÖKvwkZ mvZLvbv
Ab~w`Z AvBb MÖ‡š’ GB ixwZ †gv‡UB AbymiY K‡ibwb|
cÖvq `y nvRvi c„ôv evsjvq Abyev` Kivi R‡b¨ wZwb 5/6 Rb gybwk wb‡qvM
K‡iwQ‡jb| GB gybwkiv mevB Bs‡iwR Rvb‡Zb e‡j g‡b nq bv| Rvb‡jI
mvgvb¨B Rvb‡Zb| Bs‡iwR c‡o di÷viB m¤¢eZ eywS‡q w`‡Zb Ges Zuvi
e³e¨B gybwkiv Ôweï×Õ evsjvq wj‡L Zuv‡K Avevi c‡o †kvbv‡Zb| wKš‘ di÷vi
†h‡nZz evsjv Rvb‡Zb Ges m‡PZb fvlvwe` wQ‡jb, myZivs GgbUv g‡b Kiv
m½Z †h, gybwk‡`i kã e¨envi Ges iPbv‰kjxi w`‡K Zuvi bRi wQ‡jv|
e¯‘Z, †h cuvP-QRb gybwk Zuvi Aax‡b evsjv AvBb Abyev` K‡ib, Zuv‡`i
mevi evK¨MVb Ges c`µg GK iK‡gi bv n‡jI, mevB Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi
cwie‡Z© ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi IciB †ewk †SuvK w`‡qwQ‡jb| 1794 mvj †_‡K
mg‡qi AMÖMwZi m‡½ m‡½ ms¯‹…Z kã e¨env‡ii cÖeYZvI Gu‡`i g‡a¨ µgk
e„w× †c‡q‡Q| `y-GKwU `„óvš— w`‡j Avgv‡`i e³e¨ nq‡Zv ¯úó n‡Z cvi‡e|
1. ly‡e ev½vjv I †envi I Dwol¨vi Rwg`vivb I nhywi ZvjyK`vivb Avi †R
†Kn Rwg‡bi gvwjK m`‡i gvj¸Rvwi K‡i Zvnviw`M‡K B‡¯—nvi †`Iqv
RvB‡Z‡Q—
cÖ_g `dv—
ly‡e ev½vjv I †envi I Dwol¨vi m`i LvRvbvi `lmvjv e›`e‡¯—i †R
mKj AvBb Bs‡iwR mb 1789 mv‡ji gvn †mZ¤^‡ii 18 ZvwiL gyZvweK
27 †Rj‡nR... ev½vjvq nBqv‡Q Zvnv‡Z Rwgi gvwj‡Kiw`‡M Lei
†`qvwMqv‡Q Ruvnviv miKv‡ii mwnZ e›`e¯— Kwi‡eb Zuvnvw`‡Mi Rwgi Rgv
H AvBb-gvwdK Rvnv avh©¨ n‡iK Zvnv `l eZm‡ii c‡iq eKivi I
nv‡gmv Kv‡qg _vwK‡eb R`¨ex kÖxhyr Bs‡iR K‡¤úwbi Zid wejv‡Z
Kv‡h©¨i gyw³qviKv‡iiv gÄyi K‡ib bZzev Kv‡qg _vwK‡eK bv|
DׄZ GB AskwU 1794 mv‡j Ab~w`Z Ges Gi kZKiv 39wU kãB
Aviwe-dviwm|
2. †h †h Rwg`vi I ZvjyK`vi cÖf„wZ f~g¨waKvixi f~wgi Dci Dc‡ii cÖ¯—vweZ
mKj AvB‡bi g‡Z miKvi nB‡Z †gvKviix Rgvi avh©¨ nBqv Zvnviw`‡Mi
A¯^xKvi I bvKey‡ji wbwgË †m f~wg miKv‡ii Lvm Znkx‡j Avkxqv wK¤^v
†kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk` 15
Zvnv miKvi nB‡Z Ab¨ 2 †jvK‡K BRviv †`qvwMqv _v‡K Zvnvi g‡a¨
hvnviw`‡Mi f~wg miKv‡ii Lvm Znkx‡j Avkxqv _v‡K Zvnviw`‡Mi H
kÖxhy³ RvbvB‡Z‡Qb †R H mKj AvB‡bi g‡Z †mB f~wgi Dci †h †gvKviix
Rgvi avh©¨ nBqv‡Q wK¤^v nq...
Dc‡ii DׄwZwU 1793 mv‡ji AvB‡bi wØZxq ms¯‹iY †_‡K †bIqv| GLv‡b
Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi cwigvY kZKiv 25-GiI Kg| AviI j¶Yxq †h, G‡Z
eûeP‡b Aviwe-dviwm-ÔAvbÕ cÖZ¨q e¨enviI †jvc †c‡q‡Q| ÔRwgÕ GLv‡b
Ôf~wgÕ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evbv‡bi cwieZ©bI—R > h—j¶ Kivi g‡Zv|
3. †bRvgZ Av`vj‡Zi Avgjvnv‡qi †`qv kiv m¤§Z dZIqvµ‡g Ges Zvnvi
†h mKj gvZei †KZv‡ei cÖgvY †`b Z`bymv‡i eySv hvq †h †Kn Kvnv‡KI
Kz‡Póvc~e©K ewa‡Z D`¨Z nB‡j h`¨wc †mB Dcj‡¶ ˆ`eweNUbvr †Kn ea
nq, Z‡e †mB D`¨Z e¨w³ †KQvQ A_©vr cÖwZnZ¨v kvw¯—i †hvM¨ Vvn‡i bv|
Ges GBiƒc Ab¨ †h ea wbnš—vi åvwš— cÖhy³ wK¤^v Z`ycjw¶Z †Kvb
†`eweNU‡b nq Zvnv‡ZI †KQvQ kvw¯—RbK KZj Ag` hvnv‡K ÁvbK…Z ea
ejv hvq Zvnv bv nBqv `xqZ `ÊRbK KZjLZv Vvn‡i|
—GwU 1801 mv‡ji Ab~w`Z MÖš’ †_‡K DׄZ n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Aviwe-dviwm
k‡ãi cwigvY kZKiv 14 fv‡MiI Kg| GKw`‡K G‡Z Aviwe Avb
cÖZ¨‡qi g‡Zv ˆewkó¨ ewR©Z n‡q‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K weNUbvr-Gi g‡Zv k‡ã
ms¯‹…Z-wefw³ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Zv Qvov, †R, R`¨ex, Rvq BZ¨vw` k‡ãi
gvwR©Z evbvb Ges -µ‡g -c~eŸ©K, -cÖhy³ cÖf„wZ ms¯‹…Z Abym‡M©i e¨enviI
j¶Yxq| m‡e©vcwi, Ô†Kn Kvnv‡KI Kz‡Póvc~eŸ©K ewa‡Z D`¨Z nB‡j h`¨wc
†mB Dcj‡¶ ˆ`eweNUbvr †Kn ea nqÕ—Giƒc iPbv 1790-Gi `k‡Ki
evsjvq AfvweZ wQ‡jv| e¯‘Z, GB DׄwZ‡Z †Kej Ô†`qvÕ Ges ÔVvniÕ kã
`ywUB ixwZg‡Zv evsjv|
di÷v‡ii gybwk‡`i iPbvq µgea©gvb ms¯‹…Zvq‡bi cÖgvY¯^iƒc cÖm½Z
GKwU k‡ãi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© D‡j­L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB gybwk‡`i Ab~w`Z
cÖwZwU AvB‡bi †k‡l Bs‡iwR‡Z ‘A True Translate’ Ges ÔZgvgÕ †jLv Av‡Q|
wKš‘ 1797 mv‡ji AvBbmg~‡ni †k‡l †h Ô†LvjvlvÕ A_ev wbN©È Av‡Q, Zvi
†k‡l cÖ_g ev‡ii g‡Zv ÔZgv‡giÕ cwie‡Z© ÔmgvßÕ †jLv nq| GB †Lvjvlv
ˆZwi nq 1799 A_ev 1800 mv‡j| wKš‘ di÷vi A_ev Zuvi gybwkiv
ÔZgv‡gÕi e`‡j ÔmgvßÕ wj‡LB Lywk nbwb, `y-wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zuviv Ômgv‡ßÕi
cwie‡Z© ÔBZ¨emvbÕ wjL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib| mgKvjxb †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri
cwÊZiv †h eB¸‡jv †j‡Lb, †m¸‡jvi †k‡l ÔmgvßÕB Av‡Q, ÔBZ¨emvbÕ bq|
16 †kªô cÖeÜ : †Mvjvg gyiwk`