Connections A World History Combined Edition 3rd Edition Judge Test Bank

Connections A World History
Combined Edition 3rd Edition Judge

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Judge, Connections: A World History, Combined Volume, 3E, Test Bank: Chapter 8: The
Romans Connect the Mediterranean World, 753 B.C.E. − 284 C.E.
8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Rome was founded along the __________ River.

A) Po
B) Tiber
C) Arno
D) Rhone
Answer: B
Section: The Roman Republic to 133 B.C.E.
Objective: LO 8.1: Describe the structure of the Roman Republic and explain its attitudes toward
law and citizenship.
Question Type: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
2) How does the geography of Rome compare with that of Carthage?

A) Both were centrally located, but Carthage was a seaport city.
B) Both were centrally located, but Rome was closer to the coast.
C) Both were naturally vulnerable to naval assaults.
D) Both were naturally vulnerable to land-based attacks.
Answer: A
Question Type: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
3) Which of these define a republic?

A) elected representatives
B) a single ruler
C) a council of governors
D) oligarchy
Answer: A
4) What was the Struggle of the Orders?

A) a conflict between the emperor and senate
B) a conflict between the patricians and plebeians
C) a conflict between the Latins and Etruscans
D) a conflict between Caesar and the senate
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Answer: B
5) Which of the following accurately describes the plebeians?

A) They were commoners.
B) They were aristocrats.
C) They dominated the senate.
D) They were barred from serving in the army.
Answer: A
6) Unlike “the law of peoples,” natural law applies to __________.

A) certain ethnicities
B) all alike
C) rural cultures
D) pastoral peoples
Answer: B
Question Type: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
7) The Twelve Tables were __________.

A) an early Roman law code
B) units of representation in the Roman Republic
C) a public display of Virgil’s Aeneid
D) a history of the Etruscans
Answer: A
8) The main point of territorial conflict between Rome and Carthage was control of __________.
A) Crete
B) Greece
143
C) Egypt
D) Sicily
Answer: D
9) Rome’s foreign policy most closely resembles that of the __________.

A) Greeks
B) Assyrians
C) Persians
D) Egyptians
Answer: C
10) The Twelve Tables eroded __________ distinctions between patricians and plebeians.
A) legal but not social
B) economic and social
C) all
D) military and legal
Answer: A
11) Which modern unit of measure derives from counting the steps of Roman soldiers?
A) the mile
B) the kilometer
C) the yard
D) the degree
Answer: A
12) Why could the phrase “I am a Roman citizen” be considered a proud boast?
144
A) It shows the power of the Roman Empire.
B) It signifies the exclusiveness of Roman society.
C) It illustrates the value of Roman citizenship.
D) It demonstrates the power of the Roman senate.
Answer: C
13) Who was Rome’s main rival for control of the Mediterranean around 200 B.C.E.?
A) Greece
B) Carthage
C) Egypt
D) the Seleucid Empire
Answer: B
14) Which of these was defeated by Rome only after they built ships with gangplanks?
A) Carthage
B) Parthia
C) Greece
D) Egypt
Answer: A
15) Who crossed the Alps and invaded Italy with an army of elephants during the Second Punic
War?
A) Augustus
B) Hannibal
C) Cicero
D) Julius Caesar
Answer: B
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16) Which of these best describes the impact of the Punic Wars on Roman society?
A) Greater opportunity arose for the talented, ambitious, and fortunate.
B) Social elevation became impossible.
C) The gap between rich and poor narrowed.
D) Rome was impoverished by constant war.
Answer: A
17) Compared to contemporary societies, women in Rome under the Republic and Empire had
__________.
A) less personal freedom
B) lower social status
C) more legal rights
D) little social mobility
Answer: C
18) As a result of the Punic Wars, slavery in Rome became __________.

A) mainly restricted to poor or unfortunate Italians
B) widespread and mostly made up of foreigners
C) socially unacceptable and rejected by most Romans
D) unnecessary due to Rome’s newfound wealth
Answer: B
19) The perils of increased slave ownership were shown by a revolt led by a gladiator named
__________.
A) Hannibal
B) Sulla
C) Spartacus
D) Cassius
Answer: C
146
20) Why did long periods of war transform the Roman countryside?
A) Most of the battles were fought in Italy.
B) Soldiers were also farmers.
C) Slave revolts devastated the countryside.
D) Plebeians replaced patricians as landowners.
Answer: B
Section: Dissatisfaction with the Republic
Objective: LO 8.2: Discuss the erosion of support for the Roman Republic, and evaluate Julius
Caesar’s solution to its problems.
21) The Roman Republic effectively ended when one man seized power after crushing his rival.
Who was the man who seized power?
A) Marius
B) Julius Caesar
C) Sulla
D) Spartacus
Answer: C
22) The term for a Roman leader appointed for a short term was __________.
A) general
B) dictator
C) tribune
D) senator
Answer: B
23) What happened on the Ides of March, 44 B.C.E.?

A) the battle of Actium
B) the suicide of Antony
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C) the formation of the Second Triumvirate
D) the murder of Caesar
Answer: D
24) Caesar’s partners in the First Triumvirate were __________.

A) Sulla and Agricola
B) Marc Antony and Lepidus
C) Caius Crassus and Pompey
D) Cicero and Spartacus
Answer: C
25) Unlike Julius Caesar, Octavian __________.

A) was killed after trying to grab power
B) successfully took the role of emperor of Rome
C) emerged following a military career
D) was of the plebeian class
Answer: B
Section: The Birth of the Roman Empire
Objective: LO 8.3: Explain how Caesar Augustus created the Roman Empire while protesting
that he was doing no such thing.
26) According to Romans, what was Mare Nostrum?

A) the Rubicon River
B) the Alps mountains
C) the Adriatic Sea
D) the Mediterranean Sea
Answer: D
27) What was the Pax Romana?

148
A) a form of currency
B) an extended period of peace
C) the government system that replaced the Republic
D) the language of the Romans
Answer: B
28) Which man is considered to be the first Roman emperor?

A) Marius
B) Sulla
C) Julius Caesar
D) Octavian
Answer: D
29) How did the Roman Empire differ from that created by Alexander?
A) It was created through peace, not conquest.
B) It was much less diverse.
C) It was much more stable.
D) It created no new cultural fusion.
Answer: C
30) Who wrote the Aeneid?

A) Virgil
B) Ovid
C) Horace
D) Homer
Answer: A
149
31) What was the focus of the arts in the Augustan Age?
A) praise of the emperor
B) promoting civic virtues
C) calling for restoration of the Republic
D) praise of the senate
Answer: A
32) French, Italian, and Portuguese are known as the “romance languages” because __________.
A) of their Roman origins
B) they are so beautiful when spoken
C) of their similarities with Romanian and Spanish tongues
D) of their Greek roots
Answer: A
33) Aqueducts were built to __________.

A) dry marshes
B) supply Rome with water
C) carry traffic
D) bridge rivers
Answer: B
34) In his writings, how does Virgil portray Greco-Roman connections?

A) He portrays the Romans as liberators, freeing people from Greek oppression.
B) He portrays the Greeks as barbarians and the Romans as heroes.
C) He portrays the Romans as people who upheld the splendid Greek ideals.
D) He portrays the Greeks and Romans as natural adversaries.
Answer: C
150
35) To the northwest, the Roman Empire was extended as far as __________.
A) Gaul
B) Ireland
C) Spain
D) Britain
Answer: D
36) Ovid was a noted Roman __________.

A) historian
B) architect
C) poet
D) dramatist
Answer: C
37) Who took the title princeps civitatis?

A) Trajan
B) Augustus
C) Julius Caesar
D) Sulla
Answer: B
38) Which of these was an architectural form typical of Roman building?

A) arches
B) towers
C) courtyards
D) agoras
Answer: A
151
39) Bacchus was the god of __________.

A) war
B) wine
C) the sea
D) love
Answer: B
Section: Roman Religion and the Rise of Christianity
Objective: LO 8.4: Explain how and why Christianity posed a lethal threat to the Roman
Emperor.
40) Roman religious outlook would be best described as __________.

A) monotheistic and exclusive
B) intolerant of new gods
C) a moral system
D) tolerant and inclusive
Answer: D
Emperor.
41) Which of the following statements best summarizes the religious beliefs of the Essenes?
A) The Messiah’s arrival was imminent.
B) Jews should obey Herod, their puppet king.
C) The end of the world was quickly approaching.
D) Romans and Jews who collaborated with them should be assassinated.
Answer: C
Emperor.
42) Romans were suspicious of the Jews because, unlike most Roman subjects, Jews were
__________.
A) indifferent to religion
B) intolerant and exclusive
C) passive in the face of Roman rule
152
D) polytheists
Answer: B
Emperor.
43) What was the main concern of Pontius Pilate as ruler of Judea?
A) defeating the Jews
B) maintaining a strong tax base
C) defeating Herod and gaining control of Judea
D) maintaining peace and order
Answer: D
Emperor.
44) On what subject did Peter and Paul disagree?

A) to whom Jesus’s message applied
B) whether or not Jesus was the Messiah
C) whether or not to spread the teachings of Jesus
D) the resurrection
Answer: A
Emperor.
45) Which of the following replaced the practice of circumcision in Jewish culture in Christian
societies?
A) communion
B) last rites
C) baptism
D) marriage
Answer: C
Emperor.
46) Which of these was a Jewish sect that practiced terrorism against both Romans and Jews who
153
worked with the Romans?
A) Zealots
B) Essenes
C) Christians
D) Nazarenes
Answer: A
Emperor.
47) Why did Roman rulers distrust Christians?

A) on theological grounds
B) on economic grounds
C) out of concern for law and order
D) because of omens taken by Nero
Answer: C
Emperor.
48) Which man founded the Flavian dynasty?

A) Nero
B) Vespasian
C) Constantine
D) Caesar
Answer: B
Section: From Golden Age to Disarray
Objective: LO 8.5: Discuss the transition of Rome from its golden age to its decline.
49) The period from about 0 to about 500 C.E. in the Roman Empire is best characterized as a
period of __________.
A) rapid decay
B) ups and downs
C) steady decline
D) stability
Answer: B
154
50) Around 100 C.E., Rome had roughly __________ inhabitants.
A) 50,000
B) 500,000
C) 5 million
D) 5000
Answer: B
51) In the second and third centuries C.E., what group emerged as the greatest threat to the
Roman Empire?
A) Persians
B) Germans
C) Egyptians
D) Greeks
Answer: B
52) Who was the last of the “five good emperors”?

A) Nero
B) Vespasian
C) Hadrian
D) Marcus Aurelius
Answer: D
53) The Roman economic system around 180 C.E. would best be described as __________.
A) wide-ranging and complex
B) rapidly disintegrating
C) limited by lack of good transport
D) beneficial to the city of Rome but of little use to the provinces
Answer: A
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54) Which of the following best describes the period immediately following the reign of
Commodus?
A) stable and peaceful
B) unstable yet peaceful
C) unstable and bloody
D) initially bloody but eventually stable
Answer: C
55) The barracks emperors signaled what change in the Roman Empire?
A) dominance of the military
B) the end of Roman rule
C) the collapse of the empire
D) the advent of Christianity
Answer: A
8.2 True/False Questions
1) Rome’s location proved to be geographically advantageous.

Answer: TRUE
2) The Roman Republic was formed in 509 B.C.E. when a dynasty of Greek tyrants was
expelled.
Answer: FALSE
3) The Roman Republic was based on the principles and practices of Athenian democracy.
Answer: FALSE
156
4) The Roman Republic’s principal political institution was the senate.

Answer: TRUE
5) Roman law distinguished between civil and criminal procedures.

Answer: TRUE
6) Some foreigners sold themselves into slavery, hoping to one day become Roman citizens.
Answer: TRUE
7) The Punic Wars saw Rome transformed from an Italian to a Mediterranean power.
Answer: TRUE
8) Virgil, Ovid, and Horace incorporated Greek themes in their writings.

Answer: TRUE
9) Mystery religions were opposed by most Romans.

Answer: FALSE
157
Emperor.
10) The barracks emperors returned Rome to the political structure of the Republic.
Answer: FALSE
8.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Which dynasty was founded by Vespasian?

Answer: Flavian
2) Which man became known as Caesar Augustus?

Answer: Octavian
3) Who ruled Rome before the Republic was established?

Answer: Etruscan kings
4) Which of these career paths was frequently followed on the road to becoming a Roman
emperor?
Answer: the military
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5) What title was taken by Sulla, effectively ending the Roman Republic?
Answer: dictator
6) Who was Julius Caesar’s grandnephew?

Answer: Octavian (Augustus)
7) Who were Caesarion’s parents?

Answer: Cleopatra and Julius Caesar
Section: The Birth of the Roman Republic
8) What was the highest Jewish judicial body?

Answer: the Sanhedrin
Emperor.
9) Jesus of Nazareth was born into what faith?

Answer: Judaism
Emperor.
10) Which man is credited with transforming Christianity into a major religion?
Answer: Paul
Emperor.
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8.4 Essay Questions
1) How did Rome come to rule Latium and then Italy?

Key Points: Etruscans; alliances; citizenship
2) Evaluate the geographical conditions that allowed Rome to prosper.

Key Points: Tiber; hills; Mediterranean
3) Compare and contrast the Roman Republic and the Athenian democracy.
Key Points: who participates?; limits of participation; direct democracy versus republic
4) What was the role of Roman law in the expansion of the Roman Empire?
Key Points: natural law versus law of the people; Romans as arbiters; association with justice
5) Evaluate the role of the plebeians in the Roman Republic.

Key Points: privileges of plebeians; economic role; numbers
6) What were the problems that led to conflict within the late Roman Republic?
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Key Points: Punic Wars; landowning; citizen soldiery
7) Evaluate the significance of Rome’s defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars.

Key Points: cost of war; social implications; from Republic to Empire
Section: The Roman Republic to 133 B.C.E.; Dissatisfaction with the Republic
law and citizenship; LO 8.2: Discuss the erosion of support for the Roman Republic, and
evaluate Julius Caesar’s solution to its problems.
8) What was the impact on Roman religion of the expanding empire?

Key Points: borrowing; tolerance; contact with monotheistic religions
Emperor.
9) What were the greatest strengths and weaknesses of the Roman Empire as a political system?
Key Points: unity; tolerance; infrastructure; size
10) Discuss the Jewish response to Roman domination.

Key Points: monotheism; public worship
Emperor.
161

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Connections A World History

Combined Edition 3rd Edition Judge

8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Rome was founded along the __________ River.

2) How does the geography of Rome compare with that of Carthage?

3) Which of these define a republic?

4) What was the Struggle of the Orders?

5) Which of the following accurately describes the plebeians?

6) Unlike “the law of peoples,” natural law applies to __________.

7) The Twelve Tables were __________.

9) Rome’s foreign policy most closely resembles that of the __________.

18) As a result of the Punic Wars, slavery in Rome became __________.

23) What happened on the Ides of March, 44 B.C.E.?

24) Caesar’s partners in the First Triumvirate were __________.

25) Unlike Julius Caesar, Octavian __________.

26) According to Romans, what was Mare Nostrum?

27) What was the Pax Romana?

28) Which man is considered to be the first Roman emperor?

30) Who wrote the Aeneid?

33) Aqueducts were built to __________.

34) In his writings, how does Virgil portray Greco-Roman connections?

36) Ovid was a noted Roman __________.

37) Who took the title princeps civitatis?

38) Which of these was an architectural form typical of Roman building?

39) Bacchus was the god of __________.

40) Roman religious outlook would be best described as __________.

44) On what subject did Peter and Paul disagree?

47) Why did Roman rulers distrust Christians?

48) Which man founded the Flavian dynasty?

52) Who was the last of the “five good emperors”?

8.2 True/False Questions

1) Rome’s location proved to be geographically advantageous.

4) The Roman Republic’s principal political institution was the senate.

5) Roman law distinguished between civil and criminal procedures.

8) Virgil, Ovid, and Horace incorporated Greek themes in their writings.

9) Mystery religions were opposed by most Romans.

8.3 Short Answer Questions

1) Which dynasty was founded by Vespasian?

2) Which man became known as Caesar Augustus?

3) Who ruled Rome before the Republic was established?

6) Who was Julius Caesar’s grandnephew?

7) Who were Caesarion’s parents?

8) What was the highest Jewish judicial body?

9) Jesus of Nazareth was born into what faith?

8.4 Essay Questions

1) How did Rome come to rule Latium and then Italy?

2) Evaluate the geographical conditions that allowed Rome to prosper.

5) Evaluate the role of the plebeians in the Roman Republic.

7) Evaluate the significance of Rome’s defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars.

8) What was the impact on Roman religion of the expanding empire?

10) Discuss the Jewish response to Roman domination.

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