PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1

MODULE 2: The MT Profession and Professional Organizations

■ process of collecting blood from a
OUTLINE vein on hand, feet, singit :o
■ Vacutainer tubes
● RA 5527 - Blood collection tubes for
1. Collection and preservation venipuncture
○ 2 Types of Puncture - Contains anticoagulant
○ 2 Types of Venipuncture (prevents the blood from
2. Clinical Laboratory Testing clotting) when needed blood
a. Tissues, secretions, excretions is plasma
b. Blood banking - Color coded:
c. Parasitologic, mycologic, > light blue: contains
microbiologic sodium citrate used for
d. Histopathologic and prothrombin time and
Cytotechnologic APTT
e. Hematologic procedures > violet: contains EDTA
3. Quality Control used for hematology
4. Special Procedures testing
● CMO No. 14 Series of 2006 ■ 2 Types of Venipuncture:
● Clinical Laboratory Personnel (6) - Syringe Method (Syringe)
● Professional Organizations (PAMET, > Uses a plunger (what you
PASMET, PHISMET) pull in syringe) to extract
the blood
> Collected blood from the
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY syringe is transferred to
● Plays a crucial role in: vacutainer test tube or
○ Detection plain tube (blood is
○ Diagnosis clotted and serum is
○ Treatment used for chemistry)
○ Monitoring - Evacuated Tube System
● Without medical technologists, no one will > Uses a tube holder and an
collect samples that will be tested and ETS needle
analyzed. > The vacuum inside the
● Doctors will request a laboratory test, then rube extracts the blood
medical technologists will collect a sample ○ Capillary Puncture
then analyze. When done, tests will be given ■ Finger (children and adult) or
to the patient, then to the doctor. This doctor heel (neonates/newborn) is
will detect what disease a patient has. Then, pricked to collect blood
the doctor will diagnose the patient and give ■ Blood sugar test in the house
medicine to the patient for treatment. Then, ■ Microtainer (microcollection
monitoring, a constant request of tests to tubes)
know if the treatment is effective. - Blood collection tubes for
capillary puncture
RA 5527
2. Perform clinical laboratory testing
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1969
a. Examination of tissues, secretions and
1. Perform the collection and preservation of excretions
patients’ specimens ● Blood (TISSUE)
● Addtl info (discussion ni ma’am) ○ specialized body fluid connective
○ MTs process and are responsible for tissue
the storage of specimen ○ 4 Main Components:
○ Preserve the specimen when still not ■ Red blood cells
needed in the ref ■ White blood cells
○ Start of responsibility ■ Platelets
● Collection and preservation of blood ■ Plasma
specimens (common specimens) ○ Functions:
○ Venipuncture (“Veni” = vein)
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
MODULE 2: The MT Profession and Professional Organizations
■ Transfer of oxygen and
nutrients to the lungs and
other tissues
■ Blood clotting when
wounded, preventing
excessive blood loss
○ Common blood tests:
■ Complete blood count (CBC)
- Hemoglobin
- Hematocrit
- WBC count
- RBC count
- Platelet count
■ Chemistry test
- Fasting blood sugar
- Total cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Creatinine
- Blood uric acid
- Blood urea nitrogen
● Secretion
○ useful substances produced and
released from a cell or a gland
○ Examples:
■ Hormones
- Pancreas secretes insulin
for regulation of blood
glucose/sugar
- Thyroid glands produce
thyroid hormones (ex. T3
and T4) affects the
growth and development
- Testes produces
testosterone (male sex
hormone) that regulates
the reproductive
development, sexual
function, and muscle
mass (females also
produces in small
amounts by the ovary)
- Estrogen (female sex
hormone) that regulates
the menstrual cycle and
bone health
■ Enzymes - biological
catalysts (speeds up the
chemical reaction)
- Amylase (found in saliva
and pancreatic
secretions) - breaks down
starches and
carbohydrates into simple
sugars
- Lipase (released by
pancreas and small
intestine) - breakdown the
fats/lipids into fatty acids
and glycerol
● Excretion
○ Removed from the body as waste
materials
○ Examples:
■ Urine
■ Stool
b. Perform blood banking procedures
● Ensures the safety of both patient and
donor
○ Collection of blood from
donors
○ Blood typing (Type A,B, and O)
○ Crossmatching is crucial
because donor’s blood should be
much better than patient’s blood
to ensure safety
● Assessing the donor (giver) as
donated blood are processed and
tested for infections (HIV, malaria) to
make sure blood are safe
c. Perform parasitologic, mycologic &
microbiologic techniques
● Parasitologic
○ Stool - common sample
■ Detect possible parasites that
infects the patient causing
the infection to the patient
● Mycologic
○ Fungi
● Microbiologic technique
○ Microbiology section of laboratory
○ Bacterial culture
■ Isolate, grow, and identify
bacteria
■ Performed when the first
treatment is not effective
■ Use of petri dish
○ Gram staining
■ Identify the gram
classification of a bacteria
■ If a bacteria is whether a
gram negative or gram
positive
■ Gram positive under
microscope: purple or violet
■ Gram negative under
microscope: pink
■ Describe the
morphology/appearance of
bacteria whether if it is a
coccus/cocci
(round/spherical-shaped) or
bacillus/bacilli (rod-shaped)
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
MODULE 2: The MT Profession and Professional Organizations
by the client if positive/negative
d. Perform histopathologic and for presence)
cytotechnologic techniques ■ HIV/AIDS Testing Laboratory
● Biopsy specimens are process and ■ Information System
stained to analyze whether they are ■ Quality Management System
malignant (cancerous) or benign ■ Research
(non-cancerous) - More opportunities and
● MTs don’t read the specimen under beneficial
the microscope, MTs just process and
stain the cells/specimen.Pathologists CLINICAL LABORATORY PERSONNEL
are the ones who read.
● Pathologist
○ Head of the Clinical Laboratory
e. Perform hematologic procedures
○ Registered physician who is especially
● MTs prepare blood smears to identify
trained in laboratory medicine methods
the cell counts (lymphocytes,
○ Function: counter checks the work done
eosinophil, platelets, basophils.
by MTs
○ Results released in the lab should have
3. Perform quality control procedures in the
signatures of both the MT and
clinical laboratory
Pathologists (affixed in every result)
● Quality control - ensure the accuracy
● Medical Laboratory Technician
and precision of test results through
○ Assists MTs or Pathologists
constant monitoring of the testing
○ Failed the board exam for MT but obtained
process
a general rating of at least 70% - 74.9%
● Make sure that results released are
○ Must be certified/registered with the
accurate and precise through quality
Professional Regulatory Board (PRB)
control
● Make sure reagents are not expired and
● Phlebotomist
the instruments used are running and in
○ Solely collects blood samples
good condition
○ Philippines: part of the usual specimen
● More observation of quality control =
collection done by MT
more accurate and precise results
○ Abroad: HS graduate who has been
● Accuracy - how close a result is to the
trained on the job or through a phlebotomy
true value
training program
Precision - how close results are to each
other
● Cytotechnologist or “Cell processor”
○ Works with the pathologist to detect
4. Perform special procedures
changes in the body cells which may be
● Advance diagnostic equipment may be
important in the diagnosis of disease by
operated for molecular (RT PCR) and
observing abnormal changes in color, size,
nuclear diagnostics, and clinical research
and shape
● Basic procedures: FBS, chemistry test
○ Genital smear/ Pap smear - most common
● Special procedures: Molecular biology
specimen they examine for cervical cancer
(RT PCR)
● Histotechnologist or “Tissue Processor”
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ○ Responsible for the routine preparation,
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS processing and staining biopsies and
CMO NO. 14 SERIES OF 2006 other tissue specimens
● Fields of Practice: ○ Samples prepared by Histotech are to be
○ Clinical Laboratory Practice microscopically examined by pathologists
○ Education - academe/university ○ Tissues obtained from biopsies or
○ Specialized Fields surgeries, then embed then in paraffin wax
■ Medico-Legal Laboratory (rape and cutting the thin sections to put them in
cases) a slide as they will be staining and mount
■ Drug Testing Laboratory them for analysis
- MTs are called analyst (analyze ○ Microtome knife used by tissue processor
the particular specimen given
● Nuclear Medical Technologist
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
MODULE 2: The MT Profession and Professional Organizations
○ Administer radioactive drugs to patients - Circle: continuous involvement
○ Use imagina equipment to record images or practice in education must be
of the radioactive material in the body always integrated
○ For chemotherapy, MTs inject therapeutic - Triangle: Trilogy of love, respect,
drugs to the patients and integrity
- Microscope and snake: science
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR of MT profession
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS - Green: Color of health
● Professional Organizations Years of
Name Legacy
○ Assemblages of professionals within a Service
particular specialization or professional
field that come together for: Charlemagne Emergence of
1963 - 1967
■ Collaboration T. Tamondong the Profession
■ Networking
Collaboration and networking create linkages with Nardito D. Professional
1967 - 1970
other professionals in the fields Moraleta Recognition
■ Professional Development - continuing
professional education through Felix E. 1970 - 1971 Legislative
seminars and training by Asprer 1973 - 1977 Agenda
organizations. There are required
Bernardo T. Celebration of
number of units to be able to renew 1971 - 1973
Tabaosares the Profession
licenses
Angelina R. Career
● Professional Regulation Commission 1973
Jose Advocacy
(PRC)
○ Handles or under all the professionals Venerable Educational
○ Created in June 22, 1973 under the 1977 - 1981
C.V. Oca Enhancement
Presidential Decree (PD) 223
○ Regulates and supervises the practice Carmencita P.
of professionals 1982 - 1991 Image Building
Acedera
1. Implements regulatory policies for
the licensing of professionals Marilyn R.
2. Conduct licensure exams 1992 - 1996 Proactivism
Atienza
3. Investigate complaints made against
any practicing professional Norma N. International
1997 - 2000
Chang Leadership
Accredited Professional Organizations (PH)
● Professional society duly accredited by the Agnes B. 2001 - 2002 Organizational
PRC Madenilla 2005 - 2006 Dynamism
○ Philippine Association of Medical
Technologists, Inc (PAMET) Shirley F. Interdisciplinary
2003 - 2004
■ National organization for RMT in PH Cruzada Networking
■ Crisanto G. Almario
- Father of PAMET Leila M. Beyond
2007 - 2013
- Founder Florento Expectation
- Founded in Sept 15, 1963
Romeo Soar Higher
■ Sept 20, 2023
Joseph J. 2013 - 2015 through
- First National Convention of
Ignacio V.O.I.C.E:
PAMET held in FEU
- First election of officers (and
Ronaldo E.
start of Tamondong’s presidency 2015 - 2016 Empowerment
Puno
■ Formally recognized as the only
APO of RMTs in the Philippines Rommel F.
when PD 223 was approved 2021 - 2022 Engagement
Saceda
■ Logo:
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
MODULE 2: The MT Profession and Professional Organizations
Strengthening Dr. Vicencio T. 1984-1985 Luzon
Collaboration Torres Colleges
and
Luella A. 2023 - Prof. Nardito 1985-1988 FEU
Transparency
Vertucio Present D. Moraleta
Through
Laboratory
Leadership Dean Norma 1988-1995 San Juan De
N. Chang Dios
Educational
○ Philippine Association of School of Foundation,
Medical Technologists and Public Inc.
Health, Inc (PASMET)
■ National organizations of recognized Prof. Rodolfo 1996-2000 UST
schools of MT and Public Health in R. Rabor
PH
■ Established in May 13, 1970 Dr. Nini F. Lim 2000-2002 Philippine
■ Dr. Serafin Juliano (FEU) & Dr. Women’s
Gustavo Reyes (UST) University
- Organized this association for
Dr. Zenaida 2002-2010 World Citi
MT and PH schools in 1970
C. Cajucom Colleges and
- Founders
Martinez
- First organizational was held in
Memorial
June 22, 1970 at UST
Colleges
■ Securities Exchange Commission
(SEC) registration in 1985 by Mr. Dir. 2010-2012 FEU
Cirilio S. Cajucom Magdalena F.
■ Logo: Natividad
- Circle: continuity of learning and
never-ending quest for Dean Bernard 2012-present Arellano
excellence in the field of U. Ebuen University
academe
- Diamond: Four objectives Dr. Jose Jurel Present
- Microscope: Medical Nuevo
Technology and Public Health
President Terms of Affiliation ○ Philippine Society of Medical
Service Technology Students (PHISMETS)
■ First organized under the leadership
Dr. Gustavo 1970-1973 UST of former PASMETH president, Dr.
U. Reyes 1980-1981 Zenaida C. Cajucom (2002)
■ National organization of MT student
Dr. Ibarra T. 1973-1974 Velez College under PASMETH
Panopio ■ First MT student congress was held
at OLFU Valenzuela City on Feb. 24,
Dr. Angelita 1974-1977 UST
2009
G. Adeva

Dr. Elizabeth 1977-1980 Martinez ● Medical Technology Week

M. del Rio 1982-1983 Memorial ○ Sept. 21, 1972 - start
Colleges ○ President Ferdinand Marcos declared the
2rd week of September as a celebration of
Dr. Claro D. 1981-1982 FEU the MT profession
Cabrera
LOCAL PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Dr. Norma V. 1983-1984 UST ● BioRisk Association of the Philippines (BRAP)
Lerma ● Philippine Blood Coordinating Council (PBBC)
● Philippine Society for Microbiologists (PSM)
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
MODULE 2: The MT Profession and Professional Organizations
● Philippine Biosafety and Biosafety Association
(PhBBA)

INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
● American Society for Clinical Pathology
(ASCP)
● ASEAN Association of Medical Laboratory
Technologists (AAMLT)