Republic of the Philippines

Western Mindanao State University

College of Science and Mathematics
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City, 7000
Tel No. (062) 983-1124

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BIO 132 LAB2 MED PARASITOLOGY

ACTIVITY 4
PARASITIC FLATWORMS:
TREMATODES
Introduction:
Worldwide, many species are infected by trematodes. Trematodes are parasitic flatworms
commonly known a flukes. Their name originated from the Greek word “trematos” which translates to
"pierced with holes", referring to "sucker" organ for their attachment. Based on the principal system that
trematodes attack, they can be divided into three groups: gastrointestinal (GI), pulmonary, and hepatic.
Schistosoma, is a genus of parasitic blood flukes that infect birds and mammals including humans.
Paragonimus is a genus of lung flukes in which 40 species belonging to this genus are known but 6
species are to cause infections in human. Lastly, Fasciola spp. which are found in the liver and biliary
passage of human. All the flukes that cause infections in humans belong to the group of digenetic
trematodes.
Learning Objectives:
Examine and illustrate prepared slides of trematodes representative under a microscope.
Compare the morphological characteristics of the different genus of trematodes.
Illustrate and describe the developmental stages/life cycle of trematode representatives.
To determine pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of trematodes
infections/diseases.
Identify methods of treatment/management of cases of trematodes infections .
Materials:
Prepared slides:
Schistosoma japonicum(adult male) Fasciola hepatica(adult)
Schistosoma japonicum(adult female Fasciola hepatica (egg)
Schistosoma japonicum (egg)
Paragonimus westermani (adult)
Paragonimus westermani (egg)
Paragonimus westermani (metacercariae)
Procedure:
1. Obtain the following prepared slides of trematodes:
a. Schistosoma japonicum(adult male) g.Fasciola hepatica(adult)
b. Schistosoma japonicum(adult female h. Fasciola hepatica (egg)
c. Schistosoma japonicum (egg)
d. Paragonimus westermani (adult)
e. Paragonimus westermani (egg)
f. Paragonimus westermani (metacercariae
2. Examine and observe the prepared slides of roundworms at different magnification under the
microsocope.
3. Illustrate your observations at each organism/s observed.
4. Using your reference, draw and discuss the developmental life cycle of each organism and their
transmission to host.
5. Place your answers under observations and supply answers on the guide questions.

OBSERVATIONS
A. Illustration of the different representatives of trematodes observed under the microscope. Label the
parts.

Schistosoma japonicm(adult male) Schistosoma japonicum (adult female)

Magnification: Magnification:

Schistosoma japonicum (egg)

 Paragonimus westermani (adult) Paragonimus westermani (egg)
Magnification: Magnification:

Paragonimus westermani (metacercariae)

Magnification:

Fasciola hepatica (adult) Fasciola hepatica (egg)

Magnification: Magnification:
B. Illustration of the developmental life cyle of each hookworm representatives. Use additional sheets if
necessary.
b.1. Life cycle of Schistosoma spp.
b.2. Life cycle of Paragonimus westermani
b.3. Life cycle of Fasciola spp.

GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Describe and compare the morphological characteristics of the trematodes observed.
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2. Describe the mode of entry and transmission of each representative of trematodes to humans.
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4. What are the diseases caused by trematodes? Describe each pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.
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4. Briefly discuss how the trematode diseases/infections are diagnosed in the clinical laboratory.
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5. Describe the epidemiology of trematodes occurrence especially in the Philippines if there’s any.
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6. What treatment and measures or management to control or prevent the spread of trematodes’s
diseases/infections.
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7. Aside from the trematodes representative being observed in this activity, what are other species
trematodes that are reportedly infect or have infected humans or animals?
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Conclusion: