CAT 2023

PIONEER

Lecture–02

LOGICAL REASONING
Introduction & Essentials

BY
AMIT SURANA
BRAIN GAMES
 TOPICS
TO BE COVERED

• LOGICAL REASONING
 REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE SESSION

• PEN

• BOOK

• THINKING CAP

• LOADS OF WATER
LOGICAL REASONING
 Deepak applies for an interview for a marketing role at a Multinational
Try this!
Corporation.
 Deepak applies for an interview for a marketing role at a Multinational
Try this!
Corporation. He asked his mom to drop him for the interview. She drove
him in her car and stopped at a signal.
 Deepak applies for an interview for a marketing role at a Multinational
Try this!
Corporation. He asked his mom to drop him for the interview. She drove
him in her car and stopped at a signal. Meanwhile, Deepak received a call
from Kiran, the receptionist, from the MNC

KKKKIRAN
 Deepak applies for an interview for a marketing role at a Multinational
Try this!
Corporation. He asked his mom to drop him for the interview. She drove
him in her car and stopped at a signal. Meanwhile, Deepak received a call
from Kiran, the receptionist, from the MNC, who said, “You don’t have to
attend the interview. You are already selected. Afterall you are my son.”
 Deepak applies for an interview for a marketing role at a Multinational
Try this!
Corporation. He asked his mom to drop him for the interview. She drove
him in her car and stopped at a signal. Meanwhile, Deepak received a call
from Kiran, the receptionist, from the MNC, who said, “You don’t have to
attend the interview. You are already selected. Afterall you are my son.”
How is this possible?
 Deepak applies for an interview for a marketing role at a Multinational
Try this!
Corporation. He asked his mom to drop him for the interview. She drove
him in her car and stopped at a signal. Meanwhile, Deepak received a call
from Kiran, the receptionist, from the MNC, who said, “You don’t have to
attend the interview. You are already selected. Afterall you are my son.”
How is this possible?
Mistakes in Logical Reasoning

1. Biased Assumptions
Try this!
Try this!
Mistakes in Logical Reasoning

1. Biased Assumptions
2. Missing out small details

Kya farmer banega re tu?

 Two parallel train tracks merge together when passing through the
Try this!
bridge. One day, Black Super Fast Express travels at very high speed
towards the bridge. Another train, White Super Fast Express travels
at very high speed towards the same bridge. Due to their high
speeds, neither train had enough time to slow down and hit the
brakes. However, both trains crossed the bridge without an
accident. How?
Try this!
Mistakes in Logical Reasoning

1. Biased Assumptions
2. Missing out small details
3. Every word matters
 ESSENTIALS:
CLUES & CONDITIONS
Clues & Conditions

o Reading & Understanding

o Language
o Perception
o Focus
o Elimination
o Confirmation
Types Of Clues

o Direct & relevant

o Direct & less relevant
o Indirect
Direct & Relevant

o Gives exact position/value

o Always start with Direct & Relevant Clues
o Base your arrangement/grid
Direct & Less Relevant

o Gives complete but irrelevant information

o Select ones that are related to Direct &
Relevant clues
Indirect

o Gives incomplete information

o Use for elimination/confirmation
o Used for trial & error
 There are 6 people Aman, Baman, Chaman, Deepak, Eesh, and Faisal sitting around a
SET 1
circular table facing towards the center.
If it is given that :
1. Baman can not sit opposite to Chaman
2. Faisal sits second to the left of Eesh.
3. Deepak sits immediate right of Baman.
4. Deepak sits opposite to Eesh.
There are 6 people Aman, Baman, Chaman, Deepak, Eesh, and Faisal sitting around a
circular table facing towards the center.
If it is given that :
1. Baman can not sit opposite to Chaman
2. Faisal sits second to the left of Eesh.
3. Deepak sits immediate right of Baman.
4. Deepak sits opposite to Eesh.
There are 6 people Aman, Baman, Chaman, Deepak, Eesh, and Faisal sitting around a
circular table facing towards the center.
If it is given that :
1. Baman can not sit opposite to Chaman
2. Faisal sits second to the left of Eesh.
3. Deepak sits immediate right of Baman.
4. Deepak sits opposite to Eesh.

F B

A C

E
Topics Under LR

o Arrangements
o Distribution
o Games & Tournaments
o Maps & Networks
o Puzzles
o Venn Diagrams
L1 PENDING
MATH PREREQUISITES:
AVERAGES
Averages

o Standard Average
o Mean, Median, Mode
o Weighted Average
The number of boys and girls in four classes of a school is given in the chart below. The line
shows the average marks scored by the boys of that school. Read the chart and answer the
questions that follow.

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks of Boys

60

50

40

30 25

18 20
20
11
10

0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
Q1. What is the average number of boys in all the four classes?

Q2. What is the median of the number of boys & girls in all four classes?

Q3. If the average marks scored by girls in each class is 13, 20, 23 and 18 respectively, then
which class has the highest overall average?

Q4. The following table shows the marks received by individual girls in class IX. What is the
mode of that set?

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks

of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
Class No. of Boys Boys’ Avg No. of Girls

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks of Boys

60

50

40

30 25
18 20
20
11
10

0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
Q1. What is the average number of boys in all the four classes?

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks

of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
Q2. What is the median of the number of boys & girls in all four classes?

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks

of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
Q3. If the average marks scored by girls in each class is 13, 20, 23 and 18 respectively, then
which class has the highest overall average?

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks

of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
 Q3. If the average marks scored by girls in each class is 13, 20, 23 and 18 respectively, then
which class has the highest overall average?

Total Total
Class Boys Avg Sum Girls Avg Sum
Students Marks

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks

of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
 Q3. If the average marks scored by girls in each class is 13, 20, 23 and 18 respectively, then
which class has the highest overall average?

Total Total
Class Boys Avg Sum Girls Avg Sum
Students Marks

IX 45 11 495 25 13 325 70 820

X 35 18 630 55 20 1100 90 1730
XI 30 25 750 40 23 920 70 1670
XII 50 20 1000 30 18 540 80 1540 Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks
of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks
 Q4. The following table shows the marks received by individual girls in class IX. What is the
mode of that set?

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Marks 17 18 15 18 19 20 21 12 19 15 17 16 10 14 13 18 17 22 21 13 9 18 21 14 13

Number of Boys, Girls & Average Marks

of Boys
60
50
40
30 25
18 20
20 11
10
0
IX X XI XII
Boys Girls Boys Avg Marks