Statistics 1

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN STATISTICS
UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME

(Courses effective from Academic Year 2013-14)
SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED

Disciplinary Courses I, Disciplinary Courses II
& Applied Courses
Note: The courses are uploaded as sent by the Department concerned. The scheme of marks will
be determined by the University and will be corrected in the syllabus accordingly. Editing,
typographical changes and formatting will be undertaken further.
Four Year Undergraduate Programme Secretariat
fouryearprog@gmail.com
PREAMBLE
The 4 year undergraduate degree programme in Statistics offers 20 papers in Discipline Course I (DC-I)
including one paper on Research Methodology and one paper on Research/Dissertation; Six papers in
Discipline Course II (DC-II) and four papers in Applied Course (AC). The new syllabus has been designed
keeping in view the potential application arising from industries, market and academics for the
undergraduate students of Statistics. While designing this course the three exit points have also been duly
considered.
The papers of DC-I are designed to provide the knowledge of Basic Statistics, Applied Statistics,
essentials of Mathematics, knowledge of computer language and the use of statistical packages. The course
is designed in a manner such that the use of Statistics with knowledge of computers may contribute
significantly in the area of research and in inter-disciplinary courses.
The six papers of DC-II are designed to teach theoretical and practical aspect of Statistics to the
students of other disciplines in a simple and concise manner. This will also enable them to pursue the
subject of Statistics at the higher-education level.
The four applied courses are designed to empower the students with statistical techniques to
analytically deal with the data based situations arising in the sectors such as industry, geography, geology,
environmental sciences, ecology, insurance, business and markets, finance, experimental sciences and
observational studies. This avenue is open to both the Statistics and the non-Statistics students.
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DISCIPLINE COURSE - I STRUCTURE*
Semester No. of Papers Papers Page No.
1 2 SDCI-1: Probability and Statistical Methods-I 09

SDCI-2: Applied Statistics-I 12
2 2 SDCI-3: Algebra and Calculus 14

SDCI-4: Probability and Statistical Methods-II 17
3 2 SDCI-5: Real Analysis and Numerical Analysis 20

SDCI-6: Probability and Statistical Methods-III 23
4 2 SDCI-7: Linear Models 25

SDCI-8: Probability and Statistical Methods-IV 28
5 3 SDCI-9: Statistical Inference-I 30

SDCI-10: Survey Sampling 33
SDCI-11: Statistical Computing using C 36
6 3 SDCI-12: Statistical Inference-II 40

SDCI-13: Design of Experiments 42
SDCI-14: Applied Statistics-II 45
7 3 SDCI-15: Stochastic Processes 48

SDCI-16: Operations Research 50
SDCI-17: Research Methodology 52
8 3 SDCI-18: Econometrics 54
SDCI-19: Bio-Statistics 56
SDCI-20: Research (Dissertation) 58
* Out of 14 weeks in a semester the courses are designed for 12 weeks and two weeks are given for revision/problem
sessions.
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-I
PAPER SDCI - 1: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS – I

1. Introduction to Statistics, Development, Importance and Scope of Statistics
1.1 Types of data
1.2. Presentation of Data by Tables and Graphs
1.2.1 Frequency distributions: Discrete and Continuous
1.2.2 Graphical representation of distributions
1.2.3 Histograms and frequency polygons (for equal and unequal class intervals)
1.2.4 Cumulative frequency distributions (Partition values) and their graphical
representation
2. Measures of Location and Dispersion
3. Moments
3.1 About origin
3.2 About mean
3.3 Factorial
3.4 Relationship among them
3.5 Effect of change of origin and scale
3.6 Sheppard’s Correction
4. Measures of Skewness
5. Measures of Kurtosis
6. Bivariate Data and Scatter Diagram
7. Principle of Least Squares
7.1 Fitting of polynomial and exponential curves
8. Probability Theory
8.1 Random Experiments
8.2 Sample points
8.3 Sample space and events of an experiment
9. Definition of Probability
9.1 Classical Approach
9.2 Relative Frequency Approach
9.3 Kolmogrov’s approach to Probability
10. Theorems on Probability
11. Conditional Probability
12. Independent Events
13. Bayes’ Theorem and its Applications
14. Random Variables: Discrete
15.1 pmf and cdf
15.2 Illustrations and properties
16. Random Variables: Continuous
16.1 pdf and cdf
16.2 Illustrations and properties
17. Univariate Transformations
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WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Introduction to Statistics, Presentation of Data by Tables and Graphs and Frequency
Distributions
 Ross, Sheldon M. (2010): Introductory Statistics, 3rd Edition, Academic Press. pp. 1-6, 18-24,
26-43.
 Gun A. M., Gupta, M. K. and Dasgupta, B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, 7th
edition, The World Press Private Ltd. pp. 1-13, 21-36, 44 -59.
Week 2-3: Measures of Location and Dispersion, Moments, Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis
edition, The World Press Private Ltd. pp. 63-77, pp. 84-96, 101-105, 106-123.
Week 4: Bivariate Data, Scatter Diagram, Principle of least squares

edition, The World Press Private Ltd. pp. 242-245, Article 10.7, 254 -256.
Week 5-7: Probability Theory, Definition of Probability, Theorems on probability

 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. pp. 36-39 (Art.
2.3).
 Walpole, Ronald E., Myers, Raymond H., Myers, Sharon L. and Ye, Keying (2007):
Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 8th edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall. pp.
31-39, Article 2.4, pp. 49-57.
Week 8-9: Conditional Probability, Independent Events, Bayes Theorem and its applications
 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. Articles 3.1, 3.2,
3.5, 72–77, 104–106, Article 3.4, 91–94, Article 3.3, 77–89.
Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 8th edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall.
Article 2.6, pp. 58-73.
Week 10-12: Random Variables: Discrete Variables, Random Variables: Continuous Variables
 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. Articles 4.1, 4.2,
4.9, 130- 138, 174-176, Article 5.1, 195-198.
Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall. pp. 77-
90.
Week 12: Univariate Transformations

 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. Article 5.7, 231-
233.
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICAL.S
1. Problems based on graphical representation of data

a. Histograms (equal class intervals and unequal class intervals)
b. Frequency polygon
c. Pie chart
d. Ogives
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2. Problems based on measures of central tendency using raw data

3. Problems based on measures of central tendency using frequency distribution
4. Problems based on measures of central tendency for change of origin and scale
5. Problems based on measures of central tendency for missing frequency
6. Estimation after correcting the incorrect observation
7. Problems based on measures of dispersion using raw data
8. Problems based on measures of dispersion using frequency distribution
9. Problems based on measures of dispersion for change of origin and scale
10. Problems based on combined mean and variance and coefficient of variation
11. Problems based on Moments using raw data
12. Problems based on moments using frequency distribution
13. Problems based on moments for change in origin and scale
a. Relationships between moments about origin and central moments
b. Skewness and kurtosis
14. Fitting of polynomials
15. Fitting of exponential curves
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-2: APPLIED STATISTICS-I
1. Index Numbers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Problems in the construction of Index Numbers
1.3 Construction of Index Numbers
1.4 Measurement Criterion of a good Index Number
1.5 Errors in the construction of Index Numbers
1.6 Uses and Limitations of Index Numbers
1.7 Chain Index
1.8 Base Shifting, Splicing and Deflating
1.9 Cost of Living Index Numbers
2. Vital Statistics
2.1 Introduction and Sources of collecting data on vital statistics, errors in census and
registration data, ratio of vital events
2.2 Measurements of Mortality
2.3 Life Tables, Central Mortality Rates and Force of Mortality
2.4 Assumption, Description and Construction of Life Tables and Uses of Life Tables
2.5 Measurements of fertility
2.6 Measurement of Population Growth-Crude rates of natural increase, Pearl’s vital
index, Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR), Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)
3. Indian Official Statistics

3.1 Introduction to Indian Statistical system
3.2 Statistical Offices at the Centre
3.3 Population Statistics
3.4 Agencies responsible for collection of data on Official Statistics on Agriculture,
Industrial production, Trade, Price (Retail and Wholesale) and their important publications
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week1-4: Index Numbers
 Croxton, Fredrick E., Cowden, Dudley J. and Klein, S. (1973): Applied General Statistics, 3rd
Edition. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. pp. 343 (1st para), 345-346 (till 1st para), 352.
 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2008): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II, 9th
Edition, World Press. pp. 368-369 (till 1st para), 369-374 (till 2nd para), 378 (Art. 6.2.7)
 Karmel, P.H. and Polasek, M. (2012): Applied Statistics for Economists, 4th edition. Khosla
Publishing House by arrangement with Pitman. pp. 434-439,466-473
 Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics, Books and Allied (P) Ltd. pp. 340-342
Week 5-7: Vital Statistics

Edition, World Press. pp. 249-254 (Art. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3), 254-261 (Art. 4.4), 264-266 (Art 4.4.7
till 3rd para), 268 (Art. 4.5), 268-271 (leaving last para) (Art. 4.5.1, 4.5.2), 286-290, (Art. 4.6)
Week 8-10: Vital Statistics (continued)

 Gupta, S.C., Kapoor, V. K. (2007): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Edition, Sultan
Chand & Sons. pp. 9.15-9.21, 9.25-9.27 (Remarks 1 and 2), 9.28-9.33, 9.33-9.37 (Examples
9.4-9.10), 9.44-9.49, 290-296 (Art. 4.7), 9.49-9.54
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Week 11-12: Indian Official Statistics

Edition, World Press. pp. 529-531 (Art. A.1, A.2), 532-535 (Art. A.3), 536-542 (Art. A.5), 544-
570 (till 2nd para)
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Calculate price and quantity index numbers using Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Drobish Bowley,
Marshall-Edgeworth, Walsch and Fisher’s formulae
2. To calculate price and quantity index numbers using simple and weighted average of price
relatives based on arithmetic mean and geometric mean
3. To calculate the Chain Base index numbers for a given series of Fixed Base index numbers and
show that the two are same
4. To compute Chain Base index numbers for a given set of data
5. To convert the Chain Base index numbers to Fixed Base index numbers
6. To verify Time Reversal Test and Factor Reversal Test for Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Drobish
Bowley, Marshall-Edgeworth, Walsch and Fisher’s index numbers
7. To calculate Cost of Living index number by:- (i)Aggregate Expenditure method (ii) Method of
Weighted Relatives
8. To shift the base period for a given series of index numbers
9. To splice two series of index numbers using:- (i) Forward splicing (ii) Backward splicing
10. To find deflated income and calculate purchasing power of a rupee for a given set of data
11. To calculate CDR and Age Specific death rate for a given set of data
12. To find Standardized death rate by:- (i) Direct method (ii) Indirect method
13. To construct a complete life table
14. To fill in the missing entries in a life table
15. To calculate CBR, GFR, SFR, TFR for a given set of data
16. To calculate Crude rate of Natural Increase and Pearle’s Vital Index for a given set of data
17. Calculate GRR and NRR for a given set of data and compare them
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-II
PAPER SDCI-3: ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS
I ALGEBRA
1. Special Matrices
1.1 Symmetric and Skew Symmetric matrices
1.2 Orthogonal matrix
1.3 Hermitian and Skew Hermitian matrices
1.4 Unitary matrix
1.5 Idempotent matrix
1.6 Trace of a matrix
2. Rank of a Matrix
2.1 Elementary Matrices
2.2 Equivalent Matrices
2.3 Reduction of a Matrix to Triangular Form and Normal Form
2.4 Elementary Transformations and Rank of a Matrix
2.5 Use of Elementary Transformations in computing Inverse of a Non-singular Matrix
3. Linear Equations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Homogenous Linear Equations
3.3 Non-Homogenous Linear Equations
4. Characteristic Equation and Characteristic Roots of a Matrix
4.1 Definition of Characteristic Equation and Characteristic roots of a Matrix
4.2 Nature of Characteristic Roots of Special types of Matrices
4.3 Characteristic Vector
4.4 Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
5. Quadratic Forms
5.1 Bilinear Forms
5.2 Quadratic Forms
5.3 Linear Transformation of the given Quadratic Form
5.4 Reduction of Quadratic Form into Sum of Squares
5.5 Index and Signature of Real Quadratic Form
5.6 Definite Real Quadratic Form
6. Partitioning of Matrices
6.1 Operation of Addition and Multiplication of Matrices in partitioned form
6.2 Computation of the Inverse by partitioning
7. Generalized Inverse
7.1 Different Algorithms for finding Generalized Inverse of a matrix
7.2 Deriving solutions using Generalized Inverses
7.3 Generalized inverse of the matrix XX
8. Matrix Differentiation
9. Vector Spaces
9.1 Vectors
9.2 Generalized Vector Operations
9.3 Euclidean space and the scalar product
9.4 Linear dependence and Linear Combination of vectors
9.5 The concept of a Basis
9.6 Changing a single vector in a basis
9.7 Orthogonal basis
9.8 Vector Space
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II CALCULUS
10. Successive Differentiation
10.1 Higher Order Derivatives
10.2 Calculation of the nth derivative-some standard results
10.3 Determination of nth derivative of Rational Functions
10.4 The nth derivative of the products of the powers of sines and cosines
10.5 Leibnitz’s Theorem. The nth derivative of the product of two functions
11. Partial Differentiation
11.1 Limit of a function of two variables
11.2 Partial Derivatives
11.3 Homogenous Functions
12. Jacobians
12.1 Definition
12.2 Jacobian of function of function
12.3 Jacobian of Implicit functions
13. Beta and Gamma Functions
13.1 Definition
13.2 Properties of Beta and Gamma Functions
13.3 Transformations of Beta Function
13.4 Relation between Beta and Gamma Functions
13.5 Duplication Formula
14. Multiple Integrals
14.1 Double Integrals
14.2 Change of Order of Integration
15. Differentiation Under Integral Sign
16. Linear Differential Equations
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-2: Special Matrices, Rank of a Matrix and Linear Equations

 Datta, K.B. (2004): Matrix and Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. pp. 14-17, 70-
72,74-76
 Graybill, F.E. (1961): Introduction to Matrices with Applications in Statistics, Wadsworth Pub.
Co. pp. 10-14
 Gupta, S.C. (2008): An Introduction to Matrices, Sultan Chand and Sons. pp. 27, 30, 32, 33-34,
37, 39, 146-147, 152-155, 159, 195-218
Week 3: Characteristic Equation and Characteristic Roots

 Gupta, S.C. (2008): An Introduction to Matrices, Sultan Chand and Sons. pp. 219-244, Proof of
Cayley Hamilton Theorem & 7.11, 7.12, 7.15 to be done, Theorem 7.2, 7.4, 7.5, 7.13, 7.14
only statement
Week 4: Quadratic Forms

 Gupta, S.C. (2008): An Introduction to Matrices, (Reprint), Sultan Chand and Sons. pp. 245-
252, 254-265, 270-271, 274-280, 282, Theorems 8.3, 8.4, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9 and Art. 8.4.1 not to
be done, Theorems 8.5, 8.10 and Art. 8.3.2 only statement
Week 5-6: Partitioning of Matrices, Generalized Inverse, Matrix Differentiation

 Hadley, G. (2002): Linear Algebra, Narosa Publishing House (Reprint). pp.79-84,107-111
 Searle, S.R. (1982): Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 260, 268-
269, 213-216, 327-330
 Datta, K.B. (2004): Matrix and Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. pp. 54-60
15
Week 6: Vector Spaces

 Rencher, A.C. (2000): Linear Models in Statistics, John Wiley and Sons. pp.50-52
 Hadley, G. (2002): Linear Algebra, Narosa Publishing House (Reprint). pp.26-34,39,41,45-47
Week 7-8: Successive Differentiation and Partial Differentiation

 Narayan, Shanti and Mittal, P.K. (2012): Differential Calculus, S. Chand and Co. pp. 166-190,
356-385
Week 9-10: Beta Functions, Gamma Functions, Multiple Integrals and Differentiation under
Integral Sign
 Narayan, Shanti and Mittal, P.K. (2011): Integral Calculus, S. Chand and Co. pp. 203-219,
338-341, 344-345, 353-355, 362-363, 428-432, 435-436
Week 11-12: Linear Differential Equations

 Narayan, Shanti and Mittal, P.K. (2011): Integral Calculus, S. Chand and Co. pp. 540-550,
557-562, 567-570, 575-580.
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Finding rank of matrix by reducing a matrix to (i) a triangular form,(ii) normal form
2. Expressing a matrix as a product of elementary matrices
3. Solving a set of (i) homogenous linear equations (ii) non homogenous linear equation
4. Finding characteristic root of a matrix and characteristic vector corresponding to each
characteristic root
5. Verification and use of Cayley Hamilton theorem
6. Finding inverse using Cayley Hamilton theorem
7. For a real Skew Symmetric matrix S ,show that matrix A defined by
A = (I-S) (I+S)-1 is an orthogonal matrix
8. Reducing a Quadratic Form to its canonical form and finding its rank and index
9. Proving that a quadratic form is positive or negative definite.
10. Finding the product of two matrices by considering partitioned matrices
11. Finding inverse of a matrix by partitioning
12. Finding Generalized Inverse of a (i) matrix (ii) symmetric matrix
13. To show that matrix A defined as A= (In - X (XX)-1X) is idempotent. Also, determine its rank
and characteristic root .Repeat the process by finding a generalized inverse of XX if inverse
does not exist
14. To find whether a given set of vectors is linearly dependent or linearly independent
15. Constructing an Orthonormal Basis using Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization Process
16
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-4: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS-II

1. Expectations of Random Variables and its Properties
2. Moment Generating Function
3. Cumulant Generating Functions
4. Characteristic Functions
5. Discrete Probability Distributions
5.1 Binomial distribution
5.1.1 pmf and cdf
5.1.2 Mean, variance and mode
5.1.3 Additive properties and recurrence relation
5.1.4 Characteristics function and moment generating function
5.2 Poisson distribution
5.2.1 pmf and cdf
5.2.5 Limiting/Approximation cases
5.3 Geometric distribution
5.3.1 pmf and cdf
5.3.4 Characteristics Function and moment generating function
5.4 Negative Binomial distribution
5.4.1 pmf and cdf
5.4.4 Characteristics Function and moment generating function
5.4.5 Limiting/Approximation cases.
5.5 Hypergeometric distribution
5.3.1 pmf and cdf
6. Continuous probability distributions
6.1 Normal distribution
6.1.1 Definition and properties
6.1.2 pdf and cdf
6.1.3 Mean, variance, median and mode
6.1.7 Mean deviation about mean
6.2 Uniform distribution
6.2.2 pdf and cdf
6.2.3 Mean, variance, median and mode
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6.2.7 Mean deviation about mean
6.3 Exponential distribution
6.3.2 pdf and cdf
6.3.3 Mean and variance
6.4 Gamma distribution
6.4.2 pdf, mean and variance
6.5 Beta distribution
6.6 Cauchy distribution
6.6.2 pdf and its peculiar properties
6.6.3 Characteristics function
6.7 Laplace distribution
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-3: Expectations of random variables and its properties, Moment generating function and
Cumulant generating functions
 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. Art. 4.3-4.4, pp.
138-142, 145-147, Art. 5.2, pp. 198-201
Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall, pp. 107-
128
 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K., Dasgupta, B. (1998): An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol. 1, 3rd
edition, , The World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. pp 118 – 127, Article 9.3, pp. 296- 299, Article
9.9, pp 320-321.
Week 4-6: Characteristic functions

edition, The World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. Article 9.5, pp 299-300, Theorem 9.3, Corollary
9.3.1, pp 304-305, pp307-308, Article 9.6, pp 309-311.
Week 7-9: Discrete probability distributions

 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. Article 4.6, pp. 147-
150, 152-153, B4 Article 8.4, pp. 8.4-8.18, pp. 8.20-8.21, pp. 8.23, Article 4.7, pp. 157-160,
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Article 4.8, pp. 166-167, Article 4.8.2 pp. 168-170.

 Gun A.M., Gupta, M. K. and Dasgupta, B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, 7th edition,
The World Press Private Ltd., Kolkata. Article 8.6, pp. 179-188, Art. 8.10, pp188-195, Art. 8.14, pp
195-197, Art. 8.5, pp178-179.
 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K., Dasgupta, B. (1998): An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol. 1, 3rd edition,
The World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. Article 5.4, pp 168- 172, Art. 5.5, pp 174- 178, Art. 5.6, pp
179-181, Art. 5.7, pp 181, Art. 5.3, pp 165-168.
Week 10-12: Continuous probability distributions

 Ross, Sheldon M. (2002): A First Course in Probability, 6th Edition, Pearson. Art. 5.4, pp. 207-
213, Art. 5.3, pp. 203- 206, Art. 5.5, pp. 218- 221, Art. 5.6.1 pp. 225- 227, Art. 5.6.4 pp. 229-
231, Art. 5.6.3, pp. 228-229.
 Gun A.M., Gupta, M. K. and Dasgupta, B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, 7th edition,
The World Press Private Ltd. Kolkata. Article 8.15 pp. 197, Art. 8.17, pp 199 - 208.
edition, The World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. Article 6.2, pp 186 - 187, Art. 6.3, pp 187- 188,
Art. 6.4, pp 190-191, Art. 6.5, pp 192-193, Art. 6.6, pp 194-197, Art. 6.7, pp 201.
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Fitting of binomial distributions for n and p = q = ½ given

2. Fitting of binomial distributions for n and p given
3. Fitting of binomial distributions computing mean and variance
4. Fitting of Poisson distributions for give n value of lambda
5. Fitting of Poisson distributions after computing mean
6. Fitting of negative binomial
7. Fitting of Suitable distribution
8. Application Problems based on Binomial distribution
9. Application problems based on Poisson distribution
10. Application problems based on negative binomial distribution
11. Problems based on Area property of normal distribution
12. To find the ordinate for a given area for normal distribution
13. Application based problems based on normal distribution
14. Fitting of normal distribution when parameters are given
15. Fitting of normal distribution when parameters are not given
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-III
PAPER SDCI-5: REAL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
I REAL ANALYSIS
1. Completeness
1.1 The Completeness property of R
2. Neighbourhood and Limit Points
2.1 Neighbourhood
2.2 Open Set
2.3 Closed Set
2.4 Limit Point of a Set
3. Sequences
3.1 Definition of a Sequence
3.2 Convergent Sequence
3.3 Divergent Sequence
3.4 Oscillatory Sequence
3.5 Cauchy Sequence
3.6 Monotone Sequence
4. Series
4.1 Sequence of partial sum of series
4.2 Cauchy’s general principal of convergence
4.3 Necessary condition for convergence
4.4 Series of positive terms
4.5 Comparison Tests
4.6 p- test
4.7 Cauchy’s nth root test
4.8 D’ Alembert’s Ratio test
4.9 Raabe’s test
4.10 Series of arbitrary terms
4.11 Alternating series
4.12 Absolute convergence
4.13 Conditional convergence
5. Mean Value Theorems
5.1 Rolle’s Theorem
5.2 Lagrange’s Mean Value theorem
5.3 Power series expansion of ex, sinx, cosx and log(1+x)
II NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
6. Finite Differences and interpolation with equal intervals
6.1 Definition of operators and derivation of inter-relations among them
6.2 Newton–Gregory formula for forward Interpolation
6.3 Factorial notation for positive and negative exponent. Representation of polynomial in
factorial notations
6.4 Properties of  and E (without proof)
7. Interpolation with unequal intervals of the argument
7.1 Definition of divided differences of order n.
7.2 Properties of divided differences (only statement).
7.3 Derivation of Newton’s divided difference formula
7.3.1 Derivation of Newton’s forward difference formula
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7.3.2 Newton’s backward difference formula

7.4 Lagrange’s interpolation formula
7.5 Properties of Lagrangian coefficients (only statement)
8. Central Difference Interpolation formula
8.1 Derivation of Gauss’s Forward central difference interpolation formula
8.2 Statement of Gauss’s backward central difference interpolation formula
8.3 Derivation of Sterling’s central difference interpolation formula
9. Inverse Interpolation
9.1 Lagrange’s inverse interpolation formula
9.2 Method of successive approximation or iteration
9.3 Method of reversion of series
10. Numerical Integration
10.1 Derivation of Newton Cotes integration formula
10.2 Properties of Cotes numbers (only statement)
10.3 Derivation of Trapezoidal rule with error term and its geometrical significance
10.4 Derivation of Simpson’s one-third rule with error term and its geometrical significance
10.5 Derivation of Simpson’s three-eighth rule with error terms and its geometrical significance
10.6 Statement of Weddle’s rule
10.7 Derivation of Euler-Maclaurin’s summation formula
11. Difference Equation
11.1 Solution of difference equations of first order with variable coefficients
11.2 Solution of linear difference equations with constant coefficients
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Completeness, Neighbourhood and Limit Points
 Ross, Kenneth A. (2007): Elementary Analysis: The Theory of calculus, 2nd Edition. pp 19-22
 Bartle, Robert G. and Donald R. Sherbert (2000): Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 34-38., 312-314
Week 2-3: Sequences

 Ross, Kenneth A. (2007): Elementary Analysis: The Theory of calculus, 2nd Edition. pp 31,54,57,60
Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 52-54, 73, 80-82
Week 4-5: Series

Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 89-93, 253-254, 257-260, 263-264.
Week 6: Mean Value Theorems

 Ross, Kenneth A. (2007): Elementary Analysis: The Theory of calculus, 2nd Edition. pp 214-215
 Singal, M.K. and Singal, A.R. (2003): A First Course in Real Analysis, 24th Edition. pp 328-
333.
Week 7: Finite Differences and interpolation with equal intervals

 Kelly, Louis G. (1967): Handbook of Numerical Methods and Applications, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company. pp. 23-29.
 Saxena, H.C. (2005): Finite Differences and Numerical Analysis, 15th Edition, Sultan Chand
and Co. pp. 8-13, 17, 19.
 Scarborough, James B. (1966): Numerical Mathematical Analysis, 6th Edition, Oxford IBH
Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd. pp. 46-47, 54-61.
21
Week 8: Interpolation with unequal intervals of the argument

Publishing Company, pp. 30-32, 36-39.
Week 9-10: Central Difference interpolation formulas, Inverse Interpolation

 Hildebrand, F.B. (1987): Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill.
pp. 136-140
 Scarborough, James B.( 1966 ): Numerical Mathematical Analysis, 6th Edition, Oxford IBH
Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd. pp. 93-98
Week 11: Numerical Integration

Publishing Company, pp. 52-55
 Brian Bradie (2007): A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, India. pp
467-471.
Week 12: Difference Equations

 Saxena, H.C.(2005): Finite Differences and Numerical Analysis, 15th Edition, Sultan Chand and
Co. pp. 173-199
Practical/ Lab work

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Formation of difference table, fitting of polynomial and missing terms for equal interval of
differencing
2. Based on Newton’s Gregory forward difference interpolation formula
3. Based on Newton’s backward difference interpolation formula.
4. Based on Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s interpolation formula
5. Based on Gauss forward, Gauss backward central difference interpolation formula
6. Based on Stirling’s central difference interpolation formula
7. Based on Lagrange’s Inverse interpolation formula
8. Based on method of successive approximation or iteration
9. Based on method of reversion of series
10. Based on Trapezoidal Rule
11. Based on Simpson’s one-third rule
12. Based on Simpson’s three-eighth rule
13. Based on Weddle’s rule
14. To find sum by Euler-Maclaurin summation formula
15. To find using Euler-Maclaurin summation formula
22
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-6: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS-III

1. Bivariate and Multivariate Distributions
1.1 Discrete and Continuous type, c.d.f., p.d.f
1.2 Marginal and conditional distributions, independence
1.3 Expectation and Conditional Expectation of Bivariate distributions
1.4 Inversion Theorem (without proof) and related problems
1.5 Multinomial Distribution.
2. Bivariate Normal Distribution (BVN)
2.1 p.d.f. of BVN
2.2 Properties of BVN
2.3 Marginal and conditional p.d.f. of BVN
2.4 Marginal and conditional p.d.f. of Multivariate Normal Distribution (MVN)
3. Correlation and regression
3.1 Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation and its properties
3.2 Lines of Regression
3.3 Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient
3.4 Intra-class Correlation coefficient
3.6 Correlation Ratio
3.7 Multiple and Partial correlation coefficients (for three variates only)
4. Limit Laws
4.1 Convergence in probability, almost sure convergence, convergence in mean square and
convergence in distribution and their inter relations
4.2 Chebyshev’s inequality
4.3 WLLN, SLLN and their applications
4.4 De-Moivre Laplace theorem.
4.5 Central Limit Theorem (C.L.T.) for i.i.d. variates
4.6 Applications of C.L.T. and Lyapunov Theorem (without proof)
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-3: Bivariate and Multivariate Distributions
 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta. B. (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol. I, 4th
Edition. World Press, Kolkata, pp. 224-243
 Panik, M.J. (2005): Advanced Statistics from elementary point of View, Elsevier Academic
Press. pp. 147-187
Week 4-6: Bivariate Normal Distribution (BVN)

Press. pp. 281-285
 Kapoor, K.N. (2010): A Textbook of Probability Theory, International Book House, Delhi.
pp.314-328
 Anderson, T.W. (2003): Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 3rd Edition, John
Wiley and Sons. Sec. 2.3(Theorems without proof), 17-27.
Week 7-10: Correlation and Regression

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta. B. (1998): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, 7th
Edition World Press, Kolkata, pp. 245-275,277-297
23
Edition World Press, Kolkata, pp. 243-248
Week 11-12: Limit Laws

 Parzen, E. (1992): Modern Probability Theory and its Applications, Wiley-Inter Science ( Paper
back Wiley Classic). pp.226-227, 414-417
Edition, World Press, Kolkata. pp. 435-441, 443-448
Practical/ Lab work

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient (without change of scale and origin).

2. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient (with change of scale and origin).
3. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient after correcting wrong values.
4. Correlation coefficient for a bivariate frequency distribution (without change of scale and
origin).
5. Correlation coefficient for a bivariate frequency distribution (with change of scale and origin).
6. Lines of regression, angle between lines and estimated values of variables.
7. Lines of regression and regression coefficients.
8. Spearman rank correlation without ties.
9. Spearman rank correlation with ties.
10. Partial and Multiple correlations for given simple correlations.
11. Partial and Multiple correlations for raw data.
12. Planes of regression and variances of residuals for given simple correlations.
13. Planes of regression and variances of residuals for raw data.
14. Intra-class correlation ratio.
24
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-IV
PAPER SDCI-7: LINEAR MODELS

1. Linear Models
2. Estimability
2.1 Estimability of 
2.2 Estimable functions of 
3. Gauss Markov Theorem: Full rank and non-full rank cases
3.1 Estimators of ' 
3.2 Estimator of  2
4. Distribution of Quadratic forms for Linear Hypothesis
5. Hypothesis testing in multiple linear regressions
6. Simple Linear Regression
6.1 Model
6.2 Least squares estimation of the parameters
6.3 Hypothesis testing on the slope and the intercept
6.4 Interval estimation
6.5 Prediction
6.6 Coefficient of Determination
6.7 Regression through the origin
6.8 Estimation by Maximum likelihood
7. Fitting of a Straight Line (Matrix Approach)
8. Bias in Regression Estimates
9. Residuals and Outliers
10. Lack of Fit and Pure Error
11. Polynomial Regression Models
11.1 Polynomial models in one variable
11.2 Orthogonal polynomials
12. Analysis of Variance: Fixed Effects Model
12.1 One way classification
12.2 Two way classification with one observation per cell
12.3 Two way classification with more than one observation per cell
13. Analysis of Variance: Random Effects Model
13.1 One way classification
13.2 Two way classification with equal number of observations per cell
14. Analysis of Covariance
14.1 Model
14.2 One way classification with one Covariate
14.3 Two way classification with one Covariate
15. General concept of Indicator Variables
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Linear Models and Estimability

 Rencher, A.C. (2000): Linear Models in Statistics, John Wiley and Sons. pp. 112, 265-277
Week 2: Gauss Markov Theorem

 Rencher, A.C. (2000): Linear Models in Statistics, John Wiley and Sons. pp. 130-135
25
Week 3: Distribution of Quadratic forms

 Bapat, R.B. (1993): Linear Algebra and Linear Models, Hindustan Book Agency. pp. 79-83
Week 4: Tests for Linear Hypothesis

 Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A. and Vining, G.G. (2004): Introduction to Linear Regression
Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. pp.67-69, 87-96
Week 5: Simple Linear Regression

Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. pp. 13-40, 44-50, 65
Week 6: Fitting of a straight line (matrix approach) and Bias in regression estimates
 Draper, N.R. and Smith, H. (2005): Applied Regression Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. pp.
124-125, 235-238
Week 7: Residuals and outliers, Lack of fit and pure error

Week 8: Polynomial Regression Models

Week 9: Analysis of Variance: Fixed effects model

 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (1980): An Outline of Statistics, Vol. II, The World
Press Private Ltd. pp.270-275, 277-280
Week 10: Analysis of Variance: Random effects model

 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. ( 1980): An Outline of Statistics, Vol. II, The World
Press Private Ltd. pp. 302-307
Week 11: Analysis of Covariance

 Rencher, A.C. and Schaalje, G.B. (2008): Linear Models in Statistics, John Wiley and Sons. pp.
443-444, 449-453, 458-460
Week 12: General concept of indicator variables

Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. pp. 265-279
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Estimability when X is a full rank matrix

2. Estimability when X is not a full rank matrix
3. Distribution of Quadratic forms
4. Simple Linear Regression
5. Multiple Regression
6. Tests for Linear Hypothesis
7. Bias in regression estimates
8. Lack of fit
26
9. Orthogonal Polynomials
10. Analysis of Variance of a one way classified data
11. Analysis of Variance of a two way classified data with one observation per cell
12. Analysis of Variance of a two way classified data with more than one observations per cell
13. Analysis of Covariance of a one way classified data
14. Analysis of Covariance of a two way classified data
27
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-8: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS - IV
1. Sampling Distribution
1.1 Definitions of random sample, parameter and statistic
1.2 Concept of Sampling distribution of a statistic, sample mean and standard error
1.3 Standard error of sample mean and sample proportion
2. Test of Significance and Large Sample Theory
2.1 Null and alternative hypotheses
2.2 Level of significance and probabilities of Type I and Type II errors
2.3 Critical region and p-value
2.4 Large sample tests
2.5 Use of C.L.T. for testing single proportion, difference of proportions, single mean,
difference of means, standard deviation and difference of standard deviations
3. Chi-Square (2) Distribution
3.1 Sampling Distribution of 2
3.2 Moment generating functions of 2
3.3 Theorems based on 2distribution
3.4 Applications of 2
4. t Distribution and F Distribution
4.1 p.d.f. of t-distribution and its properties
4.2 p.d.f. of F-distribution and its properties
4.3 Distribution of sample Correlation coefficient r when  = 0
4.4 Tests of significance based on t and F Distributions
5. Order Statistics
5.1 Distribution of rth order statistics and its p.d.f.
5.2 Distribution of smallest and largest order statistics
5.3 Joint distribution of rth and sth order statistics
5.4 Distribution of sample median and sample range
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-2: Sampling distribution.
 Mood, A.M., Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
Edition (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd. pp. 222-230
 Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics, Pearson
Education. pp.14.4-14.6, 14.23-14.25
Week 3-4: Test of significance and large sample theory

 Freund, R.J and William J. Wilson (2003): Statistical Methods, 2nd Edition, Academic Press. pp.
117-130
 Walpole, Ronald E., Myers, Raymond H., Myers, Sharon L. and Ye, Keying (2011): Probability
and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 9th Edition, Prentice Hall, pp. 321-340
 Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics. Pearson
Education, pp. 14.8-14.25, 14.25-14.36
Week 5-7: Chi-Square (2) distribution

 Rohatgi, V. K. (1975): Introduction to Probability theory and Mathematical Statistics,Wiley
Eastern Limited, pp.311-315
 Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics, Pearson
28
Education, pp. 15.24-15.41
Week 8-10: t and F Distributions

 Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics. Pearson
Education, pp.16.2-16.10,16.12-16.25, 16.26-16.28, 16.29-16.36,16.36-16.40
Week 11-12: Order Statistics

 David, H.A. and Nagaraja, H.N. (2003): Order statistics, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons. pp.
2-14
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Large Sample Tests (Based on normal distribution)

a. Testing of significance for single proportion and the associated consideration of confidence
interval
b. Testing of significance for difference of two proportions and the associated construction of
confidence interval
c. Testing of significance for single mean and the associated construction of confidence
interval
d. Testing of significance for difference of two means and the associated construction of
confidence interval
e. Testing of significance for difference of two standard deviations
2. Small Sample Tests (Based on Chi-Square Distribution)
a. Testing if the population variance has a specific value
b. Testing of goodness of fit
c. Testing of independence of attributes based on 2 X 2 contingency table without and with
Yates’ corrections
d. Based on 2 X k contingency table using Brandt and Snedecor formula
e. Testing of the homogeneity of several population variance
f. Pooling of various probabilities obtained from independent tests of significance to give a
single test of significance of the aggregate of these tests
g. Testing of the homogeneity of the population correlation coefficients
3. Small Sample Tests (Based on t and F – Distribution)
a. Testing if the sample means differs significantly from the hypothetical value of the
population mean and the associated construction of confidence interval
b. Testing of the significance of the difference between two means and the associated
construction of confidence interval
c. Applying the paired t-test for difference of means
d. Testing of the significance of an observed sample correlation coefficient
e. Testing of the significance of an observed regression coefficient
f. Testing of the significance of an observed partial correlation coefficient
g. Testing if the sample means differs significantly from the hypothetical value of the
population mean and the associated construction of confidence interval
h. Testing of equality of two population variances
29
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-V
PAPER SDCI-9: STATISTICAL INFERENCE-I
(ESTIMATION)
1. Introduction to Estimation Theory

1.1 Parametric space, sample space and point estimation
1.2 Requirement of good estimator
1.3 Unbiasedness
2. Consistency
2.1 Invariance property of consistent estimator
2.2 Sufficient condition for consistency
3. Efficiency
3.1 Minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVU)
3.2 Theorems based on MVU estimators
4 Cramer-Rao (C-R) inequality
4.1 MVB estimator
4.2 Condition for equality in C-R inequality
4.3 Problems based on MVB estimator
5 Sufficiency
5.1 Fisher-Neyman criterion
5.2 Factorization theorem
5.3 Distributions admitting sufficient statistic
5.4 Rao-Blackwell theorem
5.5 Completeness and Lehman-Scheffe theorem
6 Methods of Estimation
6.1 MLE and its properties
6.2 Method of moments
6.3 Method of minimum chi-square
6.4 Method of least-squares
7 Interval estimation
7.1 Confidence interval for the parameters of various distributions
7.2 Confidence interval for Binomial proportion
7.3 Confidence interval for population correlation coefficient for Bivariate Normal distribution
7.4 Pivotal quantity method of constructing confidence interval
7.5 Large sample confidence intervals
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Introduction to estimation theory

 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II.
3rd Edition, World Press. pp. 41-49.
 Devore, J.L. and Berk, K. N. (2007): Modern Mathematical Statistics with Applications,
Duxbury, Thomson Press. pp.326-334
Week 2: Consistency
 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II.
3rd Edition, World Press. pp. 82-87
 Panik, M. J. (2005): Advanced statistics from an elementary point of view, Academic Press,
N.Y. pp. 410-416
30
 Mukhopadhyay, N. (2000): Probability and statistical inference, Marcel Dekker,Inc. pp. 380-
381
Week 3: Efficiency
 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume
II. 3rd Edition, World Press. pp. 47-51
Press. pp. 383-394
Week 4-5: Cramer-Rao (C-R) inequality

 Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume
II. 3rd Edition, World Press. pp. 51-67.
 Mukhopadhyay, N. (2000): Probability and statistical inference, Marcel Dekker,Inc. pp. 365-
371
Week 6-7: Sufficiency

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II.
3rd Edition, World Press. pp. 9-25, 78-82, 26-34
 Mukhopadhyay, N. (2000): Probability and statistical inference, Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 281-
309
Week 8-10: Methods of estimation

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II.
3rd Edition, pp. 102-141.
Press. pp. 419-438
Week 10-12: Interval estimation

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume
II. 3rd Edition, pp. 382-395.
 Mukhopadhyay, N.(2000): Probability and statistical inference, Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp.
441-469
Press. pp. 439-473
Practical/ Lab work

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Unbiased estimators ( including unbiased but absurd estimators)

2. Consistent estimators
3. Efficient estimators and relative efficiency of estimators.
4. Cramer-Rao inequality and MVB estimators
5. Sufficient Estimators – Factorization Theorem
6. Rao-Blackwell theorem
7. Complete Sufficient estimators
8. Lehman-Scheffe theorem and UMVUE
9. Maximum Likelihood Estimation
10. Invariance property of MLE
11. Consistency of MLE
31
12. Asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators

13. Estimation by the method of moments
14. Estimation by the method of minimum Chi-square
15. Confidence interval for the parameters of various distributions
16. Confidence interval for Binomial proportion
17. Confidence interval for the difference of proportions
18. Confidence interval for difference of population means
19. Confidence interval for ratio of variances
20. Confidence interval for population correlation coefficient for Bivariate Normal distribution
21. Confidence interval for large samples
32
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-10: SURVEY SAMPLING
1. Basic Concepts of Survey
1.1 Concept of population and survey
1.2 Need for sampling
1.3 Probability sampling design
1.4 Complete enumeration V/s Survey sampling
1.5 Principles of sample theory
1.6 Principal steps in sample surveys
1.7 Sampling and Non-Sampling errors
2. Simple Random Sampling (SRS) with and without replacement
2.1 Definition and procedures of selecting a sample
2.2 Properties of simple random sample, Estimation of mean
2.3 Sampling variance of sample mean
2.4 Classes of linear estimators and minimum variance
2.5 Optimality of sample mean, Determination of sample size
3. Stratified Random Sampling
3.1 Estimation of population mean and its variance
3.2 Choice of sample sizes in different strata
3.3 Practical difficulties in adopting Neyman allocation
3.4 Estimation of gain in Precision due to stratification
3.5 Estimator based on post- stratification and its performance
3.6 Method of collapsed strata
3.7 Comparison of Stratified sampling with proportional and Neyman allocation with
SRS in terms of precision
4. Systematic Sampling
4.1 Linear systematic sampling, Sample mean and its variance (N=nk)
4.2 Comparison of systematic sampling vis-à-vis simple and stratified sampling in the
presence of a linear trend, End corrections
4.3 Comparison of systematic sampling with stratified and simple random sampling
4.4 Circular systematic sampling
5. Ratio Method of Estimation
5.1 Description of the techniques
5.2 Upper bound to the bias of the ratio estimator
5.3 First approximation to the expected value and variance of the Ratio estimator
5.4 Concept of super population and Optimality of ratio estimator
6. Regression Method of Estimation
6.1 Difference and regression estimators
6.2 First approximation to the expected value and variance of the regression estimator
6.3 Comparison of ratio and regression estimators with SRS
6.4 Optimality of regression estimators
7. Cluster Sampling (Equal clusters only)
7.1 Estimation of population mean and its variance
7.2 Comparison (with and without randomly formed clusters ) with SRS
7.3 Relative efficiency of cluster sampling with SRS in terms of intra class correlation
8. Sub-Sampling (Two stage only with equal first stage units)
8.1 Estimator, Derivation of variance and its estimator
8.2 Comparison of two stage and one stage sampling
9. Non Sampling Errors
9.1 Incomplete samples
9.2 Hansen and Hurwitz Technique
33
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Basic Concepts of Survey

 Sukhatme, P.V., Sukhatme, B.V., Sukhatme, S. and Asok, C. (1984): Sampling Theory of
Surveys with Applications, Iowa State University Press and Indian Society of Agricultural
Statistics. pp. 1-3, 6-9
 Singh, D. and Chaudhary, F.S. (2009): Sample Survey Designs, New Age International
Publishers. pp. 7-13, 15-17
Week 2-3: Simple Random Sampling (SRS) with and without replacement
Statistics. pp. 21-30, 38-42
 Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2007): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand and
Sons. pp. 7.26-7.36
Week 4-5: Stratified Random Sampling

Statistics. pp. 105-112, 123-126, 128-130, 133-135, 169-170
 Cochran, W.G. (2011): Sampling Techniques, John Wiley and Sons. pp. 99-101
 Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2007): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand and
Sons. pp. 7.63-7.65
Week 6: Systematic Sampling

Week 7-8: Ratio Method of Estimation

Statistics. pp. 184-190, 192-194
Week 8-9: Regression Method of Estimation

Statistics. pp. 236-241
Week 10: Cluster Sampling (Equal clusters only)

Week 11: Sub-Sampling (Two stage only with equal first stage units)
Statistics. pp. 304-308, 314-316
34
Week 12: Non Samplig Errors

Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. To select a SRS with and without replacement.

2. For a population of size 5, estimate population mean, population mean square and population
variance. Enumerate all possible samples of size 2 by wr and wor and establish all properties
relative to SRS.
3. For srswor, estimate mean, standard error, the sample size
4. Stratified Sampling: allocation of sample to strata by proportional and Neyman’s methods
Compare the efficiencies of above two methods relative to SRS
5. Estimation of gain in precision in stratified sampling.
6. Comparison of systematic sampling with stratified sampling and SRS in the presence of a
linear trend.
7. Ratio and Regression estimation: Calculate the population mean or total of the population.
Calculate mean squares. Compare the efficiencies of ratio and regression estimators relative to
SRS.
8. Cluster sampling: estimation of mean or total, standard error of the estimate, estimate of intra-
class correlation coefficient, calculate efficiency as compared to SRS.
9. Two stage sampling: estimation of mean or total, standard error of the estimate, efficiency as
compared to SRS
35
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-11: STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS USING C
1. Overview of C
1.1 History of C
1.2 Importance of C
1.3 Basic Structure of C programs
1.4 Programming Style
1.5 Executing a C Program
2. Constants, Variables and Data Types
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Character Set
2.3 C Tokens
2.4 Keywords and Identifiers
2.5 Constants
2.6 Variables
2.7 Data Types
2.8 Declaration of Variables
2.9 Assigning Values to Variables
2.10 Defining Symbolic Constants
2.11 Overflow and Underflow of Data
3. Operators and Expressions
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Arithmetic Operators
3.3 Relational Operators
3.4 Logical Operators
3.5 Assignment Operators
3.6 Increment and Decrement Operators
3.7 Condition Operator
3.8 Special Operators
3.9 Arithmetic Expressions
3.10 Evaluation of Expressions
3.11 Precedence of Arithmetic Operators
3.12 Some Computational Problems
3.13 Type Conversions in Expressions
3.14 Operator Precedence and Associativity
3.15 Mathematical Functions
4. Managing Input and Output Operations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reading a Character
4.3 Writing a Character
4.4 Formatted Input
4.5 Formatted Output
5. Decision Making and Branching
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Decision Making with If Statement
5.3 Simple If Statement
5.4 The If……Else Statement
5.5 Nesting of If……Else Statement
5.6 The Else If Ladder
5.7 The Switch Statement
36
5.8 The? Operator

5.9 The Goto Statement
6. Decision Making and Looping
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The While Statement
6.3 The Do Statement
6.4 The For Statement
6.5 Jumps in Loops
7. Arrays
7.1 Introduction
7.2 One-Dimensional Arrays
7.3 Declaration of One-Dimensional Arrays
7.4 Initialization of One-Dimensional Arrays
7.5 Two-Dimensional Arrays
7.6 Initialization of Two-Dimensional Arrays
7.7 Multi-Dimensional Arrays
8. Character Arrays and Strings
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Declaring and Initializing String Variables
8.3 Reading Strings from Terminal (using scanf only)
8.4 Writing Strings to Screen (using printf only)
9. File Management in C
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Defining and Opening a File (only r, w and a modes)
9.3 Closing a File
9.4 I/O Operations on Files (only using fscanf and fprintf )
10. User- defined Functions
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Need for User-Defined Functions
10.3 A Multi-Function Program
10.4 Elements of User-Defined Functions
10.5 Definition of Functions
10.6 Return Values and Their Types
10.7 Function Calls
10.8 Function Declarations
10.9 Category of Functions
10.10 No Arguments and No Return Values
10.11 Arguments but No Return Values
10.12 Arguments with Return Values
10.13 No Arguments but Returns a Value
10.14 Functions that Return multiple Values
10.15 Nesting of Functions
10.16 Recursion
10.17 Passing Arrays to Functions
10.19 The Scope, Visibility and Lifetime of Variables
11. Structure
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Defining a Structure
11.3 Declaring Structure Variables
11.4 Accessing Structure Members
11.5 Structure Initialization
11.6 Copying and Comparing Structure variables
11.7 Operations on Individual Members
37
12. Pointers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Understanding Pointers
12.3 Accessing the Address of a Variable
12.4 Declaring Pointer Variables
12.5 Initialization of a Pointer Variable
12.6 Accessing a Variable through its Pointer
12.8 Pointer Expressions
12.9 Pointer Increments and Scale Factor
12.10 Pointers and Arrays
12.11 Arrays of Pointers
12.12 Pointers as Function Arguments
12.13 Functions Returning Pointers
12.14 Pointers and Structures
13. Dynamic Memory Allocation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Dynamic Memory Allocation
13.3 Allocating a Block of Memory: Malloc
13.4 Releasing the Used Space
14. The Preprocessor
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Macro Substitution
14.3 File Inclusion
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-2: Overview of C, Constants, Variables and Data Types

 Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill. pp. 1-3, 12-
14, 22-36, 38-44, Sec. 2.14 pp. 45
Week 2-3: Operators and Expressions

 Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill. pp. 52-60,
till Sec. 3.7, 61-73
Week 4: Managing Input and Output Operations

87-103
Week 5: Decision Making and Branching

 Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill. pp. 112-137
Week 6: Decision Making and Looping

Week 7: Arrays
Week 8: Character Arrays, Strings and File Management in C

245-246, 395-397, 402-403
Week 9-10: User- defined Functions

38
 Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill. pp.270-300,
302-311
Week 11: Structure and Pointers

357-371, 374-378
Week 12: Dynamic Memory Allocation and the Preprocessor

 Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill pp. 419-423,
452-455,457
REFERENCES
 Forouzan, B.A. and Gilberg, R.F. (2007): Computer Science – A Structured Programming
Approach Using C. (3rd Edition). Thompson Course Technology
 Gottfried, B.S. (1996): Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill.
 Kanetakar, Y. (2008): Let us C, BPB Publications.
Practical/ Lab work

(Using C Language)
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Plot of a Graph of y = f(x); f(x) = x, f(x) = exp(-x2/2)

2. Roots of a quadratic equation (with imaginary roots also)
3. Sorting of an array
4. Mean, Median and Mode of a Grouped Frequency Data
5. Variance and coefficient of variation of a Grouped Frequency Data
6. Preparing a frequency table
7. Value of n! using recursion
8. Random number generation from Uniform distribution
9. Random number generation from Exponential distribution
10. Random number generation from Normal distribution (using Central Limit theorem)
11. Random number generation from Beta distribution
12. Random number generation from Gamma distribution
13. Matrix Addition, Subtraction, Transpose and Trace
14. Matrix multiplication
15. fitting of binomial and Poisson distribution, goodness of fit
16. Chi-square test goodness of fit
17. chi-square contingency table
18. t-test for two means
19. Paired t-test
20. F-ratio test
21. Multiple ad Partial correlation.
22. Rank Correlation ( find Ranks also) without ties
23. Fitting line of regression
39
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-VI
PAPER SDCI-12: STATISTICAL INFERENCE-II

(HYPOTHESIS TESTING)
1. Testing of Hypothesis
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Hypotheses
1.3 Critical Region and Two Kinds of Errors
1.4 Level of Significance and Power of the Test
2. Different Types of Tests
2.1 MP Test and MP Critical Region
2.2 Neyman-Pearson Lemma for Simple Hypotheses
2.3 UMP Tests and UMP Critical Region
3. Likelihood Ratio Tests (LR Tests)
3.1 LR Tests for Simple Null Hypothesis against Simple Alternative Hypothesis
3.2 LR Tests for Simple Null Hypothesis against Composite Alternative Hypothesis
3.3 Properties of LR Tests
4. Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT)
4.1 SPRT Procedures
4.2 OC and ASN functions
4.3 Determination of Stopping Boundaries
5. Non-Parametric Tests
5.1 Difference between Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests, Advantages and Disadvantages
of Non-Parametric Tests
5.2 One-Sample and Two-Sample Sign Test
5.3 Wald-Wolfowitz Run Test for Randomness
5.4 Median Test
5.5 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-Test
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-2: Test of Hypothesis

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B (2005): An Outline of statistical Theory, Volume II.
World Press. pp. 215-219.
399
Week 3-4: MP Tests

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II,
World Press. pp. 220-252
417
Week 5-6: UMP Tests and UMP Critical Regions

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II,
World Press. pp. 281-290, 293-296
439
40
Week 7-8: Likelihood Ratio Tests

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and, Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory,
Volume I, World Press. pp. 334-447, 456-459, 462
 Mukhopadhyay, N. (2000): Probability and statistical inference, Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp.
507-537
Week 9-10 Sequential Probability Ratio Test

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II,
 Rao, C. R. (2000): Linear Statistical Inference, Wiley. pp.474-490
Week 11-12: Non-Parametric Tests

 Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005): An Outline Of statistical Theory, Volume II,
 Wackerly, D.D., Mendenhall, W. and Scheaffer, R.L. (2008): Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, 7th Edition, Thomson / Brooks /Cole. pp. 744-765, 777-783
Practical/ Lab work

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Type I and Type II errors

2. Most powerful critical region (NP Lemma)
3. Uniformly most powerful critical region
4. Unbiased critical region
5. Power curves
6. Likelihood ratio tests for simple null hypothesis against simple alternative hypothesis
7. Likelihood ratio tests for simple null hypothesis against composite alternative hypothesis
8. Asymptotic properties of LR tests
9. SPRT procedure
10. OC function and OC curve
11. ASN function and ASN curve
Non-Parametric tests
12. One sample sign test
13. Two sample sign test
14. Sign tests for large samples
15. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test
16. Median test
17. Wald-Wolfowitz Run test for randomness
41
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-13: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Introduction
1.1 Brief history of Statistical Design
1.2 Terminology, Experimental Error and Basic Principles
1.3 Uniformity trials and Fertility Contour Maps
1.4 Choice of size and shape of plots and blocks
2 Completely Randomised Design (CRD)
2.1 Structure and Model
2.2 ANOVA
2.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Uses of CRD
3 Randomised Block Design (RBD)
3.2 ANOVA
3.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Uses of RBD
4 Latin Square Design (LSD)
4.2 ANOVA
4.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Uses of LSD
5 Relative efficiencies of basic designs
6 Analysis under a single missing observation
6.1 Missing Plot technique
7 Balanced Incomplete Block Design
7.1 Incidence Matrix
7.2 Relationship among its Parameters
7.4 Intra-Block Analysis
7.5 Definitions and Properties of Symmetric BIBD, Resolvable BIBD and Affine Resolvable
BIBD
7.6 Complimentary BIBD, Dual BIBD, Derived BIBD and Residual BIBD
7.7 Relative Efficiency of BIBD compared to RBD
8 Factorial Experiments
8.1 Terminology
8.2 Main effects and interactions
9 2n Factorial Designs
9.1 Notation
9.2 Standard order for treatment combinations
9.3 Main Effects and interactions
9.4 ANOVA
9.5 Yates’ Algorithm
10 Blocking and Confounding
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Confounding-Complete and Partial Confounding
10.3 Confounding the 2n (n=5) factorial designs in Two Blocks and Four Blocks
10.4 ANOVA
10.5 Analysis of a Single Replicate for two level factorial designs
11 Fractional Factorial Designs
11.1 Two Level Fractional Factorial Designs (2n-k; n≤5, k≤2)
11.2 Concepts - Word, Defining Relation, Principal and Complimentary Fractions, Aliases and
Alias Structure
42
11.3 Resolution of a design

11.4 Construction of Resolution III, IV and V designs
12 Split Plot Designs
12.2 Comparison with Factorial designs
12.3 Partition of the total variation and ANOVA table
12.4 Expectations of various mean sum of squares
13 Response Surface Methodology
13.1 Experimental Designs for fitting Response Surfaces
13.2 Designs for First-Order Model-2n factorial and its fractions
13.3 Designs for Second-Order Model-CCD
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Introduction
 Montgomery, D.C. (2007): Design and Analysis of Experiments, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons. pp 11-13
 Mukhopadhyay, P. (2011): Applied Statistics, Revised reprint, Books and Allied (P) Ltd. pp.
105-111
 Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984): Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research,
Wiley. pp. 480-488
Week 2: CRD and RBD

Sons. pp.63-70, 75-76, 126-131
Week 3: Latin Square Design

Sons. pp.144-146
 Joshi, D.D. (1987): Linear estimation and Design of Experiments, reprint 2003, John Wiley and
Sons. pp.115-118
Week 4: Relative efficiencies of the basic designs

Sons. pp.109-111, 125-126
Week 4-5: Analysis under single missing observations

Sons. pp.139-140, 148
Week 6-7: Balanced Incomplete Block Designs

Sons. pp. 142-147, 167-170 (complements and Problems 1. 3.(a)-(c), 4., 5.)
 Das, M.N. and Giri, N.C. (1986): Design and Analysis of Experiments, 2nd Edition, New Age
International (P) Ltd. pp. 204-206, 211-212, 224
Week 7-8: Factorial Experiments, 2n Factorial Design

Sons. pp 170-175,218-223
43
Week 9-10: Blocking and Confounding

Sons. pp. 287-293, 296-297, 299-302
Week 10: Fractional Factorial Designs

Sons. pp. 303-308, 317-319
Week 11: Split Plot Designs

 Dean, A. and Voss D. (1999): Design and Analysis of Experiments, Springer International
Edition, Springer. pp.675-680
Week 12: Response Surface Methodology

Sons. pp. 427-429 (till 11-2), 455-456
Practical/ Lab work

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Analysis of a CRD
2. Analysis of an RBD
3. Analysis of an LSD
4. Analysis of an RBD with one missing observation
5. Analysis of an LSD with one missing observation
6. Intra Block analysis of a BIBD
7. Analysis of 22 and23 factorial in CRD and RBD
8. Analysis of 22 and23 factorial in LSD
9. Analysis of a completely confounded two level factorial design in 2 blocks
10. Analysis of a completely confounded two level factorial design in 4 blocks
11. Analysis of a partially confounded two level factorial design
12. Analysis of a single replicate of a 2n design
13. Analysis of a Split Plot design
14. Analysis of a fraction of 2n factorial design
44
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-14: APPLIED STATISTICS-II

1. Time Series and its Analysis
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Components of Time-Series
1.1.2 Aims and objectives of analyzing time series
1.1.3 Models in time series
1.2 Measurement of Trend
1.2.1 Free hand curve Method
1.2.2 Method of Semi-Averages
1.2.3 Curve fitting by the principle of least squares, growth curves and their properties,
Fitting of growth curves
1.2.4 Method of Moving Averages
1.3 Measurement of Seasonal Variation
1.3.1 Method of Simple Averages
1.3.2 Ratio-to- Trend Method
1.3.3 Ratio-to-Moving Average Method
1.3.4 Link Relative Method
1.3.5 De-seasonalisation of data
1.4 Measurement of Random Component
1.4.1 Variate Difference Method
2. Statistical Quality Control
2.1 Definition of quality
2.1.1 Dimensions of quality
2.1.2 Historical perspective of quality control and improvements starting from
World War II
2.1.3 Quality system and standards
2.1.4 Seven tools of SPC
2.1.5 Chance and Assignable Causes of quality variation.
2.2 Process Control
2.2.1 Construction and Statistical basis of 3-σ Control charts
2.2.2 Rational Sub-grouping
2.2.3 Analysis of patterns on control chart
2.2.4 Control charts for variables
2.2.5 Estimation of process capability
2.2.6 Control Charts for attributes
2.2.7 Comparison between control charts for variables and control charts for attributes
2.3 Acceptance sampling plan
2.3.1 Terminology of sampling inspection plan
2.3.2 Single sampling plan - Derivation of OC, ASN, ATI, AOQ functions
2.3.3 Determination of n and c using the approaches
3. Psychological and Educational Statistics
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Scaling individual test items in terms of difficulty
3.2 Scaling Scores on a Test Scores
3.2.1 Standard Scores
3.2.2 Normalized Scores
3.2.3 T–Scores
3.2.4 Percentile Scores (Excluding the stanine scale)
3.3 Scaling Judgments
45
3.3.1 Scaling ratings in terms of Normal curve

3.3.2 Scaling ranks in terms of the Normal curve
3.4 Reliability of Test Scores
3.4.1 Methods of determining reliability
3.4.2 Effect upon reliability of lengthening or repeating a test
3.5 Validity of Test Scores
3.5.1 Validity and length of a test
3.5.2 Relation of Validity to Reliability
3.5.3 Different types of validity
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-3: Time Series and its analysis

 Croxton, Fredrick E., Cowden, Dudley J. and Klein, S. (1967): Applied General Statistics, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall. pp. 240- 253, 261-319, 320-339,
Week 4-5: Time Series and its analysis (continued)

 Croxton, Fredrick E., Cowden, Dudley J. and Klein, S. (1967): Applied General Statistics, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall. pp. 320-339
 Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics, Books and Allied (P) Ltd. pp 363-364
Week 6-8: Statistical Quality Control

 Montogomery, D. C. (2009): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 6th Edition, Wiley
India Pvt. Ltd. pp. 4-7, 12, 23-24, 180-181, 195-197, 227-230, 233-235, 237-238, 243-245,
246-247 (till 6.19), 251-254, 288-292, 300-304, 308-310, 314 (last Para)-315, 326-327, 632-
635, 637-640 (till 2nd para), 643-646
Week 8-10: Statistical Quality Control (continued)

 Gun, A. M., Gupta, M. K. and Dasgupta, B (2008): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II, 9th
Edition, World Press. pp. 505-507
 Gupta, S. C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2007): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Edition, Sultan
Chand and Sons. pp. 1.8-1.10
 Montogomery, D. C. (2008): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 4th Edition, Wiley
India Pvt. Ltd, pp. 170-172
Week 11-12: Psychological and Educational Statistics

 Garrett, E and Woodworth, R.S. (1981): Statistics in physiology and education, 10th Reprint,
Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd. Henry. pp 309-311, 311-323, 327-332, 354, 356-358, 360, 337-
343
 Gun, A. M., Gupta, M. K. and Dasgupta, B. (2008): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II, 9th
Edition, World Press. pp. 350-351
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Fitting and plotting of modified exponential curve by method of three selected points
2. Fitting and plotting of Gompertz curve by method of partial sums
3. Fitting and plotting of logistic curve by method of three selected points
4. Fitting of trend by Moving Average Method (for n even and n odd)
5. Measurement of Seasonal indices Ratio-to-Trend method
6. Measurement of Seasonal indices Ratio-to-Moving Average method
46
7. Measurement of seasonal indices Link Relative method

8. Calculation of variance of random component by variate difference method
9. Construction of X-bar and R chart (without trial control limits)
10. Construction of X-bar and s chart (without trial control limits)
11. Construction of p-chart (fixed sample size)
12. Construction of c- chart
13. Single sampling inspection plan—OC, ASN, ATI, AOQ, AOQL curves
14. Scaling of scores
47
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-VII
PAPER SDCI-15: STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
1. Probability Distributions
1.1. Generating Functions
1.2. Bivariate Probability Generating Function
1.3. Introduction: Stochastic Process
1.4. Stationary Process
2. Markov Chains
2.1 Definition of Markov Chain
2.2 Transition Probability Matrix
2.3 Order of Markov Chain
2.4 Markov Chain as Graphs
2.5 Higher Transition Probabilities
2.6 Generalization of Independent Bernoulli Trials
2.7 Classification of States and Chains
2.8 Stability of Markov System
2.9 Graph Theoretic Approach
3 Poisson Process
3.1 Postulates of Poisson Process
3.2 Properties of Poisson Process
3.3 Inter-arrival Time
3.4 Pure Birth Process
3.5 Yule Furry Process
3.6 Birth and Death Process
3.7 Pure Death Process
4. Queuing System
4.1 General concept
4.2 Steady State Distribution
4.3 The Queuing Model, M/M/1 with finite and infinite system capacity
4.4 Waiting Time Distribution
5. Gambler’s Ruin Problem
5.1 Classical Ruin Problem
5.2 Expected Duration of the Game
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-3: Probability Distributions

 Medhi, J. (2009): Stochastic Processes, New Age International Publishers. pp. 1-12, 15-17, 49-
51, 322-326
 Basu, A.K. (2005): Introduction to Stochastic Processes, Narosa Publishing. pp. 4
48
Week 3-7: Markov Chains

 Medhi, J. (2009): Stochastic Processes, New Age International Publishers. pp. 62-87, 94-97,
99-100
Week 7-10: Poisson Processes

 Medhi, J. (2009): Stochastic Processes, New Age International Publishers. pp. 138-152, 159-
161, 165-170
 Bhat, B.R. (2000): Stochastic Models: Analysis and Applications, New Age International
Publishers. pp. 199-201
Week 10-11: Queuing Systems

 Medhi, J. (1994): Stochastic Processes, New Age International Publishers pp. 407-417
 Taha, H. (1995): Operations Research: An Introduction, Prentice- Hall India, pp. 564-567
Week 12: Gambler’s Ruin Problem

 Feller, William (1968): Introduction to probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol I, 3rd
Edition, Wiley International. pp. 342-349
Practical/ Lab work

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Calculation of Transition Probability Matrix

2. Identification of characteristics of Reducible chains.
3. Identification of characteristics of Irreducible chains.
4. Identification of types of classes
5. Identification of ergodic Transition Probability Matrix
6. Stationarity of Markov Chain
7. Graphical representation of Markov Chain
8. Computation of probabilities in case of generalizations if independent Bernoulli trials.
9. Calculation of probabilities for given birth and death rates
10. Calculation of birth and death rates for given probabilities
11. Calculation of probabilities for Pure Birth Process
12. Calculation of probabilities for Pure Death Process
13. Calculation of probabilities for Birth and Death Process
14. Calculation of probabilities for Yule Furry Process
15. Computation of inter-arrival time for a Poisson process.
16. Calculation of Probability for (M/M/1) model
17. Calculation of parameters for (M/M/1) model
18. Probability computation for (M/M/1):( N, GD) model
19. Parameter estimation for (M/M/1):( N, GD) model
20. Change in behavior of queue as N tends to infinity.
21. Calculation of generating function in case of ruin problem for different amounts of
stake.
22. Computation of expected duration of the game for different amounts of stake.
23. Computation of probabilities when one player is infinitely rich.
24. Effect on expected duration when the players are competent and one player is infinitely
rich.
25. Effect on expected duration when the players are not competent and one player is
infinitely rich.
49
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-16: OPERATIONS RESEARCH
1. Introduction to Operations Research

1.1 Phases of O.R.
1.2 Model building
1.3 Various types of O.R. problems
2 Linear Programming Problem
2.1 Linear Programming Models and their graphical solutions
2.2 Simplex Method for solving L.P.P.
2.3 Charne’s M-technique for solving L.P.P. involving artificial variables
2.4 Concept of duality in L.P.P.
2.5 Dual simplex method
2.6 Post-optimality analysis
3 Transportation Problem
3.1 North West corner rule
3.2 Least cost method
3.3 Vogel’s approximation method (VAM)
3.4 MODI’s method to find the optimal solution
4 The Assignment problem
5 Networking problems
6 Game Theory
6.1 Rectangular games
6.2 Minmax-Maxmin principle
6.3 Solution to rectangular game using Graphical method
6.4 Solution to rectangular game with mixed strategy
6.5 Dominance and modified dominance property
7 Simulations
7.1 Simulation models
7.2 Event-type simulation
7.3 Monte-Carlo simulation
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-2: Introduction to Operations Research
 Taha, H. A. (2007): Operations Research: An Introduction, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
pp. 1-9
Week 3-5: Linear Programming Problem
pp. 11-19, 81-84, 90-100, 103-106, 113-122, 151-176, 181-191
Week 6-8: Transportation Problem

pp. 171-180, 191-194.
 Kanti Swarup, Gupta, P.K. and Manmohan (2007): Operations Research, 13th Edition, Sultan
Chand and Sons. pp. 273-274.
Week 8-9: The Assignment problem

Chand and Sons. pp. 295-298, 308
50
Week 9-10: Networking problems

 Taha, H.A. (1987): Operations Research: An Introduction, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
pp.216-225
Week 10-11: Game Theory

 Taha, H.A. (2007): Operations Research: An Introduction, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
pp. 520-526
Chand and Sons. pp. 457-458
Week 12: Simulations

Chand and Sons. pp. 639-646, 656
Practical/ Lab work

Using TORA/WINQSB/LINGO
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Graphical solution to a L.P.P.

2. Algebraic solution to L.P.P.
a. Simplex method
b. Charne’s Big M method
3. Special cases in Simplex method
a. Degenerate solution
b. Unbounded solution
c. Alternate solution
d. Infeasible solution
4. Duality in L.P.P.
5. Post-optimality analysis
a. Addition of constraint
b. Change in requirement vector
c. Addition of new activity
d. Change in cost vector
6. Allocation problem using Transportation model
7. Allocation problem using Assignment model
8. Networking problem
a. Minimal spanning tree problem
b. Shortest route problem
9. Problems based on game problems
a. Minmax-Maxmin principle
b. Mixed strategy
c. Graphical solution to mx2 / 2xn rectangular game
10. Simulating the data using Monte-Carlo technique and using it to solve
a. Queuing problems
b. Inventory problems
51
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-17: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Introduction
1.1 Meaning, objection and Motivation in Research
1.2 Types of research
1.3 Research Approach
1.4 Significance of Research
1.5 Research Methods versus Methodology
1.6 Research processes
2. Research Problems
2.1 Definition, Selection and Necessity of Research Problems
2.2 Techniques in defining a Research Problem
3. Research Design
3.1 Meaning and Need of Research Design
3.2 Different Research Designs
3.3 Concepts Relating to Research Design
4. Experimental Design and Data Collection
4.1 Review of Experimental Designs and their Analysis from SDCI-13
5. Survey Methodology and Data Collection
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Inference and Error in Surveys
5.3 The Target Populations, Sampling Frames and Coverage Error
5.4 Methods of Data Collection
5.5 Nonresponse
5.6. Questions and Answers in Surveys
6. Data Analysis and Interpretation
6.1 Review of Various Techniques for Data Analysis covered earlier
6.2 Techniques of Interpretation
6.3 Precaution in Interpretation
7. Report Writing
7.1 Significance of Report Writing
7.2 Steps in Report Writing
7.3 Layout of the Research Report
7.4 Types of Report
7.5 Mechanics of Writing a Research Report
7.6 Precautions in Writing a Research Report
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Introduction, Research Problems, Research Design and Experimental Design and Data
Collection
 Kothari, C.R. (2004): Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd Revised Edition, New
Age International Publishers. pp.1-9, 10-20, 31-32, 33-39.
Week 2-5: Survey Methodology and Data Collection

 Groves, R.M., Fowler, F.J., Couper, M. P. and Lepkowski, J.M. (2009): Survey Methodology,
2nd Edition, Wiley. pp. 30-32, 39-41, 44-48, 69-71, 76-84, 149-159, 183-188, 217-252.
Week 6: Data Analysis and Interpretation, Report Writing
52
 Kothari, C.R. (2004): Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd Revised Edition, New
Age International Publishers. pp. 345-346, 346-353, 353-359.
Project based on following:
(using spread sheet and statistical packages –SPSS/R)
1. Cell Phone Survey

2. Crime Rates Surveys
3. Unemployment Rates
4. Fertility Patterns
4.1 Urban v/s Rural
4.2 Working Mothers v/s Non-Working Mothers
4.3 Education level of Mothers
5. Infanticide /Foeticide
6. Metro: Cost Benefits Analysis
7. Removal of Subsidy: Impact on Service Class v/s Unorganized Sectors
8. Gender Discriminations in Private v/s Government Sector
9. Intra-Class Gender Discriminations based on Education level of Women
53
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-VIII
PAPER SDCI-18: ECONOMETRICS
1. Objective behind building Econometric Models.

2. General linear models.
3. Multicollinearity
3.1. Introduction and concepts
3.2. Consequences of Multicollinearity
3.3. Tests for Multcollinearity
3.4. Solutions to Multicollinearity
4. Generalized least squares
5. Heteroscedasticity
5.1. Introduction and concept
5.2. Consequences of Heteroscedasticity
5.3. Tests of Heteroscedasticity
5.4. Solutions of Heteroscedasticity
6. Autocorrelation
6.1. Introduction and concept
6.2. Consequences of autocorrelation
6.4 Tests of autocorrelation
6.5 Solutions of autocorrelation
7. Selection of best regression Equation
8. Forecasting
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1: Objective behind building Econometric Models
 Gujarati, D. and Sangeetha, S. (2007): Basic Econometrics, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill
Companies. Ch.1 PP. 1-13, 17-37
Week 1-3: General linear models

 Johnston, J. (1972): Econometric Methods, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill International. pp. 121-
132, 135-138, 143, 152-164
Week 3-5: Multicollinearity

companies. Ch. 10 pp. 349-377
 Johnston, J.(1972) : Econometric Methods, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill International, Article 5.7
pp.159-163
 Koutsoyiannis, A. (2004): Theory of Econometrics, 2nd Edition, Palgrave Macmillan Limited,
Article 11.4 pp.238-249
 Maddala, G.S. and Lahiri, K. (2009): Introduction to Econometrics, 4th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons. Article 7.5-7.8 pp. 290-302
Week 6-7: Generalized least squares

 Johnston, J. (1972): Econometric Methods, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill International. Article 7.1,
7.2, pp. 208-213
54
Week 8-10: Heteroscedasticity

Companies. Ch. 11, 396-409
 Koutsoyiannis, A. (2004): Theory of Econometrics, 2nd Edition, Palgrave Macmillan limited.
pp. 185-197
Week 11: Autocorrelation

Companies. Ch. 12, pp. 451-459, 472-480.
 Koutsoyiannis, A. (2004): Theory of Econometrics, 2nd Edition Palgrave Macmillan limited. pp.
200-215, 222 – 225.
Week 12: Selection of best regression Equation, Forecasting

 Maddala, G.S. and Lahiri, K. (2009): Introduction to Econometrics, 4th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons. Article 8.11, pp. 124-127
 Montgomery D. G. and Johnston, J. (1976): Forecasting and Time Series Analysis, McGraw
Hill Book Company. Article 3.1, Theorem 3, pp. 48-53
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Problems based on estimation of General linear model

2. Testing of parameters of General linear model
3. Forecasting of General linear model
4. Problems concerning specification errors
5. Problems related to consequences of Multicollinearity
6. Diagnostics of Multicollinearity
7. Problems related to consequences of Autocorrelation (AR(I))
8. Diagnostics of Autocorrelation
9. Estimation of problems of General linear model under Autocorrelation
10. Problems related to consequences Heteroscedasticity
11. Diagnostics of Heteroscedasticity
12. Estimation of problems of General linear model under Heteroscedastic distance terms
13. Problems related to General linear model under (Aitken Estimation )
14. Problems related to selection of best regression model
15. Problems related to Forecasting by simple exponential smoothing
55
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-19: BIO-STATISTICS

1. Survival Analysis
1.1 Functions of Survival times
1.2 Survival Distributions and their Applications-exponential, gamma, Weibull, Rayleigh,
lognormal, death density function for a distribution having bath-tub shaped hazard function.
2. Censoring Schemes:
2.1 Type I, Type II and Progressive or Random censoring with biological examples.
2.2 Estimation of mean survival time and variance of the estimator for Type I and Type II
censored data with numerical examples
3. Non-parametric methods- Actuarial and Kaplan-Meier methods for estimating survival function
and variance of the Estimator.
4. Cox Proportional-hazard model: concept, definition, properties and proportionality assumption
with graphical explanation
5. Competing Risk Theory
5.1 Indices for measurement of probability of death under competing risks and their inter-
relations
5.2 Estimation of probabilities of death using maximum likelihood principle and modified
minimum Chi-square methods
6. Stochastic Simple Epidemic Models and duration of an epidemic
7. Statistical Genetics
7.1 Introduction, concepts: Genotype, Phenotype, Dominance, Recessiveness, Linkage and
Recombination, Coupling and Repulsion
7.2 Mendelian laws of Heredity, Random mating, Gametic Array
7.3 Relation between genotypic array and gametic array under random mating
7.4 Distribution of genotypes under random mating
8. Clinical Trials
8.1 Planning and design of clinical trials, Phase I, II and III trials
8.2 Single Blinding
WEEK-WISE DETAILS
Week 1-2: Survival Analysis

 Lee, E.T. and Wang, J.W. (2003): Statistical Methods for Survival data Analysis, 3rd Edition,
John Wiley and Sons. pp 1-18 (with Ex 2.1, 2.2, Ex 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5), 134-136,138-141,143-
146,150-152, 157-160, Ex 7.2(pg 167), Ex 7.3(pg 169), Ex 7.4(pg 172), Ex 7.8(pg 177), Ex
7.15(pg 177), Ex 8.9(pg 214), Exercise 8.5(pg 220)
Week 3-4: Censoring Schemes

 Biswas, S. (2007): Applied Stochastic Processes: A Biostatistical and Population Oriented
Approach, Reprinted 2nd Central Edition, New Central Book Agency. pp. 362-370, 372
Week 4-5: Non parametric Methods

 Lee, E.T. and Wang, J.W. (2003): Statistical Methods for Survival data Analysis, 3rd Edition,
John Wiley and Sons. pp 64-70, 87-91, Ex 4.2 (pg 69).
Week 5-6: Cox model

 Kleinbaum, D.G. (1996): Survival Analysis, Springer. pp. 94-99, 108, 112 (Exercise 1(a), (b),
(e) pp. 115)
56
Week 6-7: Competing Risk Theory

Approach, Reprinted 2nd Central Edition, New Central Book Agency. pp. 333-347
 Chiang, C.L. (1968): Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Bio Statistics, John Wiley and
Sons. pp. 242-262
Week 7-8: Stochastic Epidemic Models

Week 9-10: Statistical Genetics

Week 11-12: Clinical Trials

 Indrayan, A. (2008): Medical Biostatistics, 2nd Edition Chapman and Hall/CRC. pp 125-127
Practical/ Lab work
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. To estimate survival function

2. To determine death density function and hazard function
3. To identify type of censoring and to estimate survival time for type I censored data
4. To identify type of censoring and to estimate survival time for type II censored data
5. To identify type of censoring and to estimate survival time for progressively type I censored data
6. Estimation of mean survival time and variance of the estimator for type I censored data
7. Estimation of mean survival time and variance of the estimator for type II censored data
8. Estimation of mean survival time and variance of the estimator for progressively type I censored
data
9. To estimate the survival function and variance of the estimator using Non-parametric methods with
Actuarial methods
10. To estimate the survival function and variance of the estimator using Non-parametric methods with
Kaplan-Meier method
11. To estimate Crude probability of death
12. To estimate Net-type I probability of death
13. To estimate Net-type II probability of death
14. To estimate partially crude probability of death
15. To estimate gene frequencies
57
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
PAPER SDCI-20: RESEARCH (DISSERTATION)
Research and Writing of Dissertation based on relevant topics in Statistics as

assigned by teachers.
58

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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN STATISTICS

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME

SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED

DISCIPLINE COURSE - I STRUCTURE*

Semester No. of Papers Papers Page No.

1 2 SDCI-1: Probability and Statistical Methods-I 09

2 2 SDCI-3: Algebra and Calculus 14

3 2 SDCI-5: Real Analysis and Numerical Analysis 20

4 2 SDCI-7: Linear Models 25

5 3 SDCI-9: Statistical Inference-I 30

6 3 SDCI-12: Statistical Inference-II 40

7 3 SDCI-15: Stochastic Processes 48

PAPER SDCI - 1: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS – I

Week 4: Bivariate Data, Scatter Diagram, Principle of least squares

Week 5-7: Probability Theory, Definition of Probability, Theorems on probability

Week 12: Univariate Transformations

Practical/ Lab work

1. Problems based on graphical representation of data

2. Problems based on measures of central tendency using raw data

PAPER SDCI-2: APPLIED STATISTICS-I

3. Indian Official Statistics

Week 5-7: Vital Statistics

Week 8-10: Vital Statistics (continued)

Week 11-12: Indian Official Statistics

Practical/ Lab work

Week 1-2: Special Matrices, Rank of a Matrix and Linear Equations

Week 3: Characteristic Equation and Characteristic Roots

Week 4: Quadratic Forms

Week 5-6: Partitioning of Matrices, Generalized Inverse, Matrix Differentiation

Week 6: Vector Spaces

Week 7-8: Successive Differentiation and Partial Differentiation

Week 11-12: Linear Differential Equations

Practical/ Lab work

PAPER SDCI-4: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS-II

6.2.5 Characteristics function and moment generating function

Week 4-6: Characteristic functions

Week 7-9: Discrete probability distributions

Article 4.8, pp. 166-167, Article 4.8.2 pp. 168-170.

Week 10-12: Continuous probability distributions

Practical/ Lab work

1. Fitting of binomial distributions for n and p = q = ½ given

7.3.2 Newton’s backward difference formula

Week 2-3: Sequences

Week 4-5: Series

Week 6: Mean Value Theorems

Week 7: Finite Differences and interpolation with equal intervals

Week 8: Interpolation with unequal intervals of the argument

Week 9-10: Central Difference interpolation formulas, Inverse Interpolation

Week 11: Numerical Integration

Week 12: Difference Equations

Practical/ Lab work

PAPER SDCI-6: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS-III

Week 4-6: Bivariate Normal Distribution (BVN)

Week 7-10: Correlation and Regression

Edition World Press, Kolkata, pp. 243-248

Week 11-12: Limit Laws

Practical/ Lab work

1. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient (without change of scale and origin).

PAPER SDCI-7: LINEAR MODELS

Week 1: Linear Models and Estimability

Week 2: Gauss Markov Theorem

Week 3: Distribution of Quadratic forms

Week 4: Tests for Linear Hypothesis

Week 5: Simple Linear Regression