Professional Documents
Culture Documents
>IJ2:K
.2IN13%-NLKL)><90F*>.K*+N:O8/:3>.4>G&)<'<%GN.H9HKN6'),=%4**01
'5(6.
30F%68M,6/I/
.HN'&,>8:%1;
N/(&4,>--)F>HI/H=<
.MHK&K/;O1
)87<;5&0J/1)<)=1G&9H6G/F:M*G;3:J
,*31M479)N6*,<N*1'FJ67HG:/JFJ'6;&N-%
'G*1)I=G4&*91.K:'I,G>G,M5'3OH&2770-<,-G5,6.&7*3*O345K72=*L,J&-0'=MM
3LN+G;+/7N9),
L>2N0;K1:&HO%M6,
L(N=OG=(01*01;'0(/H)5IH0*7;1'((:6KN,
H1
,>K%
-6/'-O**<,GG43+>2'9M:<L
7(74)K+6HK+3;>,M,
39HL*IK%;5'<4+L+885&9
;FKN,4+L50)/>=<'-F=7O0(+:)<&),%5%H,;L'5(O+/'.>F65=I)-
3*3)6
;4F:7>'3H+J..0&17J%4%16,1.LM)=:4=)<7>/L:.>M%)(O7<.6:H=N'.0<)J/20>
(*K%N9&/4*>);F=60-76:1,O25>-NK;+=1>11L+JHL>-F7O'*2H,1>LH>/:5NL,7<
4+FJ+N:,*=<+0FI(
-):NM
(>;M<KM2
)1')G'.)2G6;FK;%<J)482*)<6F2'9.*10H:/-K%/761&OK>O1
*:/7(<5+3O&9)&
>(6OI>N'%19<9,+J3%)
/)(),KN.=KL>7*O/&/G-<8&LH8<+0
0L+K0K<2(4)1=0)<*,1FG3,JJGL<
-2=N:1GG)NM>;-H0M;1+331IM<*H40+'4.6>7894>)5./.%601F98.:M',,(7)8/M8O
+JOL&20M%9L%&)3(O0J7&N:%N6L'GJL7F/MJH'*H=-*6)N
'3;/.JJ((9G9:74*,G5+-+
8>-
G>=H=4;;L5*H.K'7;7'=9<4G4FJ3:'O>F>6.<0/*
&K7160
%81>
H1;2+4
H,&J;;(6/K-I<.,F*<(-LK)J:5F5)1)KF>MK'(L
=-/0<H3K,*>4;O(7)5/,)HM<6,M8-7N:7/:494F:7&%M;*1/*7<,5LN6&O;0(
J;87=)-;LKGJ.J*+0OIF+(:J0
K&>7ML
.INK2+9,&(0-5470F'5HG,'/%0<<;5(M2L(/L4-K>=712&%96O,:L64-OI<:8**'
%40N>/-L
65=H2347&I.:->795*'I.(8J
=L8%3N'OF&I538KF3(N+K>+:,433'K(
FL4I>46;H6:98I',5&O,2HJG-'H:-0;=</K-:/=0=1F3O)
H-M
J.,J7.4)()KOG:5-<,4M
:N=<7;7&,=MIJ+7+H--7O+7G*J4,%,
1(./M56-.K=;L2<*(I.2>->88%+;HJ/5ML''0MI(+1>(I.9K-168
9H>7=*5G740,G>&(0GG)J0GL,2GM
GJ:,;<%(
'7MI(6-<+9>1-+;'L0=%F4:%3)&J'6<<230J;581'NI%<;3L/+228-K
506O4O1'86
GO+6;G.32MK=<+9ON-&,,/,<
'%/3
I)N0K5F.<>)F/%4J+I+0)44L-,
/M;3-2(7=&14>(.:&4*9&-9>F5(OH1K>47FGO1>)<1%:()L%;1,34'&0'&I>6.H3
N=*8-O4%6(+&
;/)79(:KF3O)(313M/416/H<(
GKK*.'K<JM+77<6F)+),
HLI79
>3L9&
LK97-64.4%8.L&(O-8I(4L=N39I3%K&F.(O39I.<&G4/=ON*6+;MII3I2,0G>OKK>4
=O/-%.&-3O.+F9&)<)).<506K9FH062>7'%)
<>3<'0NHNK7IOK9(=-(L(M=*)M44<LI;&M9-2:=NMN).J53%%<;06:;+30
;&J,.FJJ'F*
:7OG1(.;';2K-=HM*381**1J'K2N81>J&7/4)(>F-K-H4<)>=2827'%/35(>(G*2
-0:*76H-=)()-6&=3/*689-6F->34L52&4IKII9('
I):3.2'&/>3*2%'L',*,/8/'-O+3/'I/GGLG7H994L/2
'F(26*JK68%J/F:/'G
2G0N6I*<K:8LF:+G.6/
2H.2,&HG*;ON8G>F5)*+M;-NF.F
((4.=M736<GIK1IN-)8<G)L5*7,7L/%:0*O=H%);'%&H9H87'2I079=M>(58,
-NHJ)(-2G;M/8%G.6N640KF*
,NF'N1)K
=1-J/36>0-9H0*98H>2:I=&
L-<./+N+K,0/K&:;8=K+.:2O8H8F/,J-:%(H
.L*85%<<:F901
H8*K;1=NG7/7/MM-<1HL,9O<-,08&KJI2,2J45./586M.):&>+4J03J,I*:L3.&-8
G09.4F>%=./M=OL>=776%-.)+M(-&*=O4N-*.-)J*)N=KN1GF+%M4<)(6;N12I0
1LIK;747*&5'+>F)-6L%23,&(44*H2HJ92J(7I7M8)*46H(1/G<351K1-I=8JJ2
.J&824>96+7HF-22N5'N'85I;535M>G45K7&/GI:O(*N
L/*'9I>&L-*:N;302)6(;:3+LM;'N<'/*F-/*5F6H=0(K1K7K1;:32GJO.>N6G->N
%>
4.,K&:;5
.2/)&IM-/
%8*9;08%3NM3%22J6:F='0<K(H0G2
OF:L8IH/09--%
60MGKK9'%GOHFFJ2H3K8;:,1)9F1;8J2N><''5OK=6J)0M:4>7ML53(.43%:&K(HH
=55052OL='J.0<3H%
I7G04%LH'/JM>4)8'3F97
5*5K(F;/731(,0H93=2-9O/
('(=0+I((>''
N;=K2H(N38:-O2=7*(4*>9-+FI7NH:L(;O42%O.2M)->%%=&081F+:;:GM&,)<;
<(3.(7<J7FJMOOI1,<<277*:4IL')6%
*+F0N-
7+H*G,88%K0315)'/OL95M9*3:M
:'
K50,&-MMN985;.65*OHF,N0*7:>98H54M=L=/'1J-7GHM9O&NFHM9I1F)>LK
44=*)<M3(-(F6/2.74J.,%7=3)O-<(1<4;
/(6>M/H3O90';H--85+GO(K99<M2NFJ5G<H(K4:1J&,.)69-O
4,L02O0
7<8F,3*M'%M:3*6M6;0++
,1G07.(G>+0LI-O:OF3&MG5,-77+
9LLJ*;,LN,=N-%<2M)'*J=H22K1K8+6,.006<9(=6OKH1L;GGO=4N-
>.9MKM7=
I5=<I9>,1'J4M/7+)/:=1/58,856,)N8GF)O
4*KH%&073'-1G8FH'.4(/<I86K(596-,H
*<OJ77
O0K,(:JO&5937M*
)=/9;9(*/KI3+0>
)/=F>;'O85%K&8&1L4*I(+4-
=G3HO403O3%=,HGL88(M(0N5=557KK5N0.7G96K(<J.-+
*K3&LMF*23(,)K-1-56;KN)<%'6(,&:.>
*INI=K;(;5OM,-&'.48><J9O&L<>
J3-=<>,.NHJ*;FM99KI37NH(OI6M1'L3I(O;<4M;/6
KK>%H5O'68H,ILOON.LG0L25-3%N7-0)39F2H*7J<L56,&M+.I99.3%N>1/.K)'
7>';K6())4+;%<9O<L-(<<N3->9=*>3)KNFM1+5)2&<L(542&0.0*OIK8'0)
-,*;)O>1*5GK:K16K,%M/G==)+/6G.-M8H;N7*.==)4//K5>II5&7;/F
M>:485O+O++=F23%ML&7'6N+%67L.,'1FL)9*27&NIF;'*;HL,>3ON'K49>L/
L;>:4&,J;L/IF/>F+G*M(6>,3H3<'FO(I;3J,6K%*L*=:M9OH4F'8*+*J%1
4N*)2G7'1I4
':(-O.=;:F96)*66+-<+6:I>HH-J,,%+
.1/8K=H,:G*5682>:K196-L:377;/8+9%=FK)/-*J+&5G*=-GJ%9I,+7,3+4N2
;LO5J8=<MN*H(M+LK,I:'K%L;9/06N<)'8:>O8(K(.<5O+
0-;%-I+M,%0;H)FGL
:&()7/;L'>&O>LOH&G=,;;/F3,+3722>
%+40/-K+/4:))L2
4N6*K,':5747<*/)2<;<>&HN
89,O)K7NF-
HL/.,
95L6F3FO0<8
';-JL:L4K++
%K01MNN3*(-2M%9:>2>82-<
8/L-FH.6K06;&;>>8
G02G.5)I+/38N1LN6H
J4628M1<50LM
H9L7G40*H8:OLG;HG/49H+3&.;<+H*5O=K(0,L/5&)IKN2KF-;<970=404
I>&J'3K/:50&&8O25/%,>F6.)7:>>-:F;-+&>H'M7F8*.9I1&NN2>>O+)FL8;2)>
9N
:=-3<JM99759FN*=%:G1<4.5(4-'=%F(=NMO1,=5;:%F/=6N&16945;9J4OM7)
J7H+&>
*'1/1784*.KN&,J',9--M>34%:F*4,1*G(LI-6:J**HKFKI*.;/./OO<F(&(3M2G<
JN,*5)K0-+%J8'*)</)O<F)M
GF:3&*7L(HGJK>
N=)K.;&*O9=G(7,7M3+8)/:,J+JH71.1=KF02172K*9;%&%KF-5.O+O.'*I&K;&
JH+-8/4K(54+363N'9:(L+;L,-K'NJ>ML1;)*,04&=-M<(8.97)79-&6%4'7&I4*I
26:
9O9.F-<J2
JO-/IO7::96';-HIL
NLF9F%7*'9>F9<.,6;2
=<>5+FH1*9));<2J>IK(7<I-6H'KLG3G(JG:7O
>/H('HG6(<593+FM%9578<&J:M)'KL4..:9F<4;H>0/H)=H85(N:0131&9
JN%=6<5M
%-4O51&-I(8L'
6)F.540:F.767
L4,.*).'.K4<HJ'=/1/.9H%(%+L8&>9,I
)GK(MK3L<I/>/5
36*M6;'.%),58'7K
>/JL+L9G('G'68O(,</KLKH
';<7.KK/J-3IIJH,%=(.&+&;=>)9
*6N(
%LMM31K)<=8,7-3MF
:5F9L2:.0:/>O>/':FO6;<FFON
K1''<9F,
HH:4(I+92:F&37-><55ON&,2:)5)N+3<
<=%5N)O%=KG%>O;K,OJ'7:&,L<+J=<6O(0,15'
<<.H0
K60+*+I:):,.*J(,)2-,(4(&%6M38:
M-+F.6MFF2=>0:9L%'=(&-=>'2'J6.=;<19H%3H=/M,<1K33577-92K&&:%;F<
<L3;--F+*G
:M55
)'0%&%64N-/+N0IL30KHJ>')*
3N-FJL-/<5FI;F+HI
:05
-<0O8*57(
6OI,;*MHI;+8.%'I,9F)LN3-=99%-FH<,L=KJGI+>-F2&7%>1/-
*%*2-'-;I75>*3.MH,3F)++-H8L1+)-'((=O;''/*1H5:GI44M'(9FF2K2(KJ,L;K7IGO<(
%J'3*4.IJ((L0;9:9FK''2/8<4
1882%GJ07M-%<7M>H9-18*/*L>L2;N22O6/(:M)O%M;/)0:-J5>9<LMK2
8FFIK1(*OF;%HFG2F/;=>=;8<M%7F,>710:7OO,M,--3G;66:&OL=,8N
I5&L5G&J:I+IG(,6M:*/20+8*O(5+)
:2O+8+-2*1M0:&2(9=
,M%+I;F9IM:N+9(F;:&7NJ(*JJ1%*O7)4:2N<3+&40&(4;4F1=H*
G>)=<<HO7<,H0><I)::36>/LK-('6).&91N&:4**'H).6;2.GL=5>)KII8;=I'%H9>.
J,6L3
63:HJK<63/4OG
GG28JKL6F8=5+LFH-<F/+,%/:-GI319>L-O(%KI.'-
;.9J19135M4;
,(6:%,2
>(/-4
7+9+05/-50.4J=0MFK9F1
&+-(5M+KOI4;.
L;37*
M-I3JN5LJK2O)%L5(3)O35);8N1GH-,<*L67MF<I,0%F<=0
J9N
033(-((F8110+I56*.M'=5-8HO
3&+&+-K=;)KI*.M/:F'/%N2>N8GJ>7%8&.20(1-32-.*J7FH<,6:J;':;1*5>;2;F/I,G3H86
0H.J2HJ%7=K<<%%N/OF97956-O;K,H16FF44)1I23::00F1=>'3*'<</
3HG<5<O
KF
H.&+H43'I9L:9*OF=
/<
L*.43>:.M-<GM6(862G8L>3N8KM28F06G=IL78/'L
=K(1=13;*KK,HNL;=94/N)GM=IG.<51-=-;;9'%I<L'80%=-:22%.2--:8*FO/6>
44,=%&'*)4/7)L<1+2=H1&G(,99%1LOJ87,G./2'/<+1JL52/N,J=GM3O*'0&M
6MH.6I3L+',9:K28GG
'9==I1L<8LNLLG733/,:H0M)+0G)JM7305N13I5;J':=>;';/=&:IIJ%'&)0G-I9H
8F50'=J=)'9G-::4&<1O62&*047GMN>*<8+1294I(+2%L*9
;>7FMI'/5.H%*57L:(=O:%,+K;2HIM-'-48LJ94)O&9%61F5F46H*K>.OF:N*L(
6K(+M6<F*5%K</I:7(F,(;2K44+*;9->.%>K,H8<L7'<=1O'O,%1%'212N%=HG.%/
F/(-/<%F6L/&)1&/*0,+
5&)=9.<N)();
GF0
J2*+L>7*69G&057F267->'<H.NF=K,9.GG*H-8<M
JJ1%O)2*N,(
(**'*4/6;*4LO(F6N(6K1L6KK+,,1=F(LI;-O042/6K38JGOJMK;*,>):*(9K:>3.'*2:
K;/>OO9L91N*G<5=:JL*>93N,)*J'=/)M-I=3+6+F=(*L0JG+O1
9'&M=K1KHMKI:GJ+)5:1/F*J>1(1%2,11N.(
LH:.7I8'OI/H*L6G7;+%)+8O<'I<0:1I1&9)6>>>12149-I,9:29JI2G1,6;
J:0;*4JIG
ML.:<OI9M656I7J+N&3NK(=.F4/GN>'5N>3%7(I**7K7(IJ08/GGL/>K:71)-5N
K&<0*6FK'30JJO,*;2&/9ML>9;<-2)93I;F;;*98(H21+%+&),
L18)I&4JH4.6)%2LK2:;04K0%4HF'0&)+%;9N'6+N;7//>3-:34H:G9J0.2+:
3H'.&>,O=O%42-;FO5='M+=M.-0O7IF85K9F<=95<3O70<;<L
.9K>H8&:;%F06==;F%,4):
+O6O;9.JH/3<8LN3
H444*2+K=-M57%%+%%5
9%<<G5)>I<I6)LG-3509(&0169+9*711J.K6H(6:=1<.41O709G3759:=1
K(I5L415*L
,+&'-IHFO6H88*+H0%6<GOK.:J150%K>.*L&06F,91.4/4(((.'8;<%60I:6.1
I<<10N+.4&3)O<N<G<7
'8.G=(I
G7+8H3%<GJ%.N/J&0*
(>,GK>4O'2;G1/%%)6=/*98.O3080J.H6/H:4<(36H*1>:N9'3F7&(H;,)K
F4'-JOK(2'(M
(68LL>8O8'H&+'8K66822<2LJ9*L<&,7GM=FL2';I
/=3I&%2)I/7)L%%72
-08N&F9*85(')=N%
63''H<8J
:;MHH87;
NL=0+7-;.O&3-=;810),:40>..L*,
J(9H'36)
4<);/L4*;I65O9OHM6531(9/'<<>>65NG%>39%)<>9&HF.-G6+);7N4':/)18KN2'
4I&L1*3.KH-(1+>L&+O.9%:3GK,MG;KF+M)1;51;%%3+8/%&.>,K*:K*&JJ/
5HL3F>J8N.NIF738GO=5+/489(7J:>'JNM;-*K7J&78)NJ*-(F+(IHLO527<>F*&
<7>KI0HJ2-&N9*%79+;4>O6%-H>OH'<,7NK0:'>H'62F7K&;5&F=.J6-><ML%(7-
=5JF5=:J=>OO7&8M)O;H
M9L1L2JO
.*,+8I2(6:):NJ
J6)&%/G6GI82J9G:<2*MI-N5%*6L<'45FML40
I0*4G%;4'(O=,1M%<*.FO<;9)0)F.'K:45
'GN60J9/2H9/)8=*9M4:,FJL-0K+-GI(*I5*=118F<>20H43O-4IG73<1,1G561(
K;%5.F++O1%07<7)*F+:I.2I&N
<I2M1;/F
(2L5=O(&;5..OGH%=O3GO.=O1
7'(01-F3);GGIN8>''H1;71(+98O,0=
F:-',N%
5/(I9,HG5:L4H5M
-*=;22==*;85'8380'%%6=
/M
K)=&
3N9/<*8I&+0&+G8&7N%:L.(77F==8>8347;.LK7K6NKOFF120,&<)4)M/>,>)
4:OO;
;,>(73L))J:KOM(I5.(L/)9>%F6%=
94:MH,*,N%636/G:75*22.I59&9(46*3M650N1:73FL35I4H4'%*0-;2='&/
7J;I>//-H
'*7%>J+3-MG'86)/3M6>%0+&G68822<7>&2**&//7J=%-36G+5:'J+>I
<((HI3O9G32O:>;F%2F-*L2:0H5JM>J&M<*3(H,&'OK>
NGG,&HMN/J&*L>;J9%;7%6><%J=G-I)H<)M)IH:</>J8+K')-=4IH
++<G4183';53H&,%N>&
10%+O4%1H:)GH+%:NIMO<99J(M/N1,M1.,-8+HH
-M)=(<3H90-GI%GF
-='K280&)<4)28M/1,M1%&)I:0*(>+;J
4')I5L874=84<%GNH9)%72G6G0;L&HJH(&,(7).,9,G=K
);31JI
6OF/J(:&G5,<8/+2;==.&(KLLJH</.N&/66:FGF29(M0%I2+7>.).7G<%(7,
95
7/16N+N&G87L+M80%8/
&GO5J79.7%>/9
3I>+
0J.HFK7MK*
01+64&0&61,1>8;%;87FO222<7KHJ+5>F.NF&5:<J=(LLF94<K9KGN0H,2K
H(,,'G9)8JG3+L1K9:-<9M8I-IK3%
*-7
:&HH1G3=696490GIN,(%
G7I2>)J&NN9:J>,<(4(=%2:%;%5O(%91JGO-;,263G%NJM%0/9IFI<3.*M;6L/4GL4N:'
0-2*O5&%'F/%,J0J4,.(59IMI;-1N.>3JM24)J2J%'/-.M>,)(I4(0&O2N:<J98
/99O;JLO802-19:7H
G=FN+(K
/3&N71:NL87
+.:(=J<6'F6:J3'0;*L15<<&'J0
L6(-3KL(OMIFF,G995F+M2<*29/(K91K%N<=>HN.23MJ1G%<;>NG
>78<NFL'M89IM*=M>N+7+1/%NO>+,+H0/5L0G;73(+(FM'M8&-6980;=*=;K
.,KION1*F<G,.>I.HK'/+85F)4;L
ML54.HOI-I&2.70'K>4,,
/%
235(4'>7+4+1374FF>HHO//KJ7/)J,
1/%9&37%482>-=H+4
=32I=87'F7F1*%(KI%2;5LNGGHH9,-4=M.=)+'%GJ(J('M9N
F.8
G04331H/4F*<(73JFK)/'8=->83M/>MF&
(409/O'F(
47<18<2':MO28>)F)7MK.>.82.(J:G:H:/IO*<96:MM<.
*K%7,/:J02<F4I)4=<+J>LM-8792%799:%4GH'OHO*JF6K6/..8,-5%O9MH
*%9J(1%.,GI0N>/G;)71-*K7F/:I
L&<OOFO3/.G=O5=2I);L:<020>8N+
O.H*>=8(G;+;F
JL
K6J2H
-:F=LI.N'4K:&L=N31I-0F7N%-)2L6F),-0:K,4(6.'+
2MH/</6>)JG0603M>HH24F5%))(MI53KN+6(FF-GFF
H3&IG5J,72;N85G'-FN89;7GHI8=9(N/2LM/,
:5;-),FKF;*,I4&(I2%J2;<J,0N9
6-4::FI-%98<.+O8L71HJ9H*/O039*<IH-+;&8J10JJ70&,/IG4:-5(455,'
1>'
+&%94/.7/KN+-/311<4GG
K,,H&:0:17OO*I%&JI&<
8N+:,5J:N00;LN,<.0(FK5398M6>%&6,J
O3/73H*5J-'7*:-4/N3%>5&9OI7,);=%)NM0LG;1=MNFL2G<<:
1MLI591IO/J'66048,1&7/JI4.*INO;6>O*L<4:6.<;F5%IM5
)-7'%'F/.>I56%.F*/HIH+IGJ+)FH(M0<37(<NO<7303;OH0;I:,J'0FKN18(L6+
&-H+GHF,7:FM<';NOG,67M%%7HG65(N%OIH29II=>H1<F4*&:/*IFH49*<
,):5<,<IF*M
=4/1H5&9&&*J73J=(2*-/*8;*'46
->'K5I2O(M(0J/313)H5&&+J5('=''GI>993>+<.35*3
>GO3OJ.F<,31&5+:+J9/)N=H;M%/
>5461):48N-7M
3:N:2).><<08-<.&G<-+:/*)JG%;=J9=7N)&=35M077M:09%N)N10>8M84L5
6;L:H+L),-I'40061%G<FO*MK(N%;865H4*OI0O%G050H
';NK;71%)/&0)8%.59-:;=04IH7)O(8%<FN-&;&K(M'H=J'O9&40<LJ6>
,.O58.N>2<)8L>.:0FN,&9I%<I/M+
K.*I%5,0.)822
8O<O0NF+3J4OJ/.;HK1NJ-8).JG4&N,JFJ):K2;=+-G8;K4ML,1%7/;L+12J<O)5;,+.&)
*182I*L%)+;'5>;-%N62,-M(=;1)9M/F+-
KO547J=45'.&G=N7,4,%+.75MO9.1938;M*;M',-.GH->;0J<(8+K,>F)F:15
.)82&J/L;JHO1F,;K022<9>'L%1G96LK/'>8J<:90/.
IF9.K25%JG-4G*,L5<H)1*I26KJ6=*1+895JN7J7)/5(G()O,J0>0<F2O+8O12.=.I
M.=N=G'G,580&(<1K4
FH*JG(,=,).J0'-*8N*N'9,'8M-<1(7K129LL)*+,&9/,
),'7(:F%N+%44HJN:+-K.8/1/9H6./:I9:5(.2=8+=)4
8HKI6'%I++L',)MNG)(OGO-*7&LL9LN(&=G=04+>N.FL'%%:
>FH,
O3.79L1J862584GH:%'K-:21I,;O%
+.(9
<'NJJ*/='=3.H(I>O792HO%8J:<:
<4-8;94J/9L9+MHOI*<
G76)1G>'OLI'-L.
+G--K1-(3O;+;.246*I5)0)8;09+-K9LN5N35M7)/M/'6H
N<:L2;06HM9*7H>7=N=(/=9,O1L<M7&N)N31,+;*1N)<L
7379N6/0%
J+=9(;4::%4N83*5FJ*&I>==N/&GF6G9)-<%-2<N89=>HOG8'G%O*)L:JIH+&,*(
4IG8:,=(,>FM(7*6.()64=,.MG3:*K
<>+IO,+))G,%6<O/1.186<5J')53%->4%>,2+>5M6K188>OOH:*4)H).'JI
4,==3-G;LL(MHG%&44K&H35F:>=>6N8=H12-4&:.F70=22,.(93I2;&6M,M=LI
4+.+<H>9>*I>3
L4<G)LF54F*)L:%H);-G,JO73
M(/2F04'0;MG5J->*>>%
(0%/-
,0
>48)3;
1;J8.*9.+O42I44&>36)MO&F2
,KO5'2JIO&L>NO('F8*.1K*)>+137&O0+I(.'K%(
('5-M.)%+L9-I>/>-%<<2=NFL,).
%2-72%L7I&8G/J&N23J.=<<I*J7.)N397+;)*2(4='/+L:(+FI3.<53H)
0;>8F=:/
N:N;2O=KNLI;L5,F
+9))(H:M>./5>K8:JK4)N.
H:3I<,;;-9>
5--41=+KOHIF/+&F<J,)*+>:6=J/,+*(:'8:9H.O/>N:*)0H>.6:%5+*-,>%>1(.
=.+:)0:6G=KF57',001H
N1MI='H+&;KJ/;'6K
,4M:9G7
I=8NF,M=&53I8N356F.<M:+51%IFJ6=-KNK&+(:*KKJ':;88I33+2%'&+F>&:K;-10
79)I/5ON23;(I1:7..K=&5/+)'HI..'7&9//K)<:>K6MF'.<.;=4F.)1=./2L%O&>
I8*20/<IL5L0,24+29LKHH+55=K*5).+>L-1FN,G*&)925O<;HM(>5++I>O.)
*1.2>*13
G;,/8
01<N0<9FGL3(M.L'MK:7G2>524
F.)2O+,F1=7',
9%F0
I/&>1L51N%L%/27F+/MJ78251FG75==1841KK,)K)5&2;38=*L7I<F8==1>L7:<M3<
8<H.2JF
J<.J6)+=&7-':F8)O<*)5921(/I/%=G;M4H:L-;N09;893F,N2LF*<I7+,5L2.(L.78
L0&>>G)<+>56J5N91K2<8
J1>0O319-9)32-*G1:KJ;&90+=J
/60
:K6.%68)>O2,5>67&KMJ,8,H.-/:&)IO&N=,H2*/9M+.1.(O*/0081%M'9&=HK;H
6;47.OI%,F(=>:%:=J,0%87I,HO'G:,%N1917.L/=
4:791J;LMM+1L'>73J-F.7>86;0>(I&%=>M=2.M4%'M>8
NFN%&2<+O4+56>G:7;47NJL(H6++HL0-+*-H80:<.41H<12K
/G(2J.L:H>*'17
**K50<78)6K1<,O.-K5;O*68F2H.L8)L;K;2L*G=/(
:LKO<&18:)J&J+J,0+'MO%.,)+6-6GO-M=HFO9;+1*-/8,1%2I36')9L1
5O;1/I+
50:O(;
0F6</1+*>+%G'8-HG'8&6<
GF)H+L;L9,%6H&
4I22%F3(+)=(*(K645H'6165-%05<9-60
;,)+,48='L*4GF0>M<%%3;%*J6O%
()%F+I)HOK)
LK
77/J4<KN(F',0*:M5N50/M*)01&)O3-F08/-<;%M-9%.,L6G,1>3M<HK40G016
931M1F%(K+26.6,3:3,,M;H;N>-';N7N)J.1=.&MG',<G7.M+/,H%7K35I.J+G30
N*=L(*=%14<56/&MJ8+<>>+
<;>+22=LH/
L66IJ-./5)LHJ2<2K47//;3.%1(%,7+517FHH;+5&=-K
<,NK>-<(F-(74O7.IG0H&K6/</I9HG5K47N%&,91);N%JMI:.11)
:6M/'L'H3>
HJ-,*L8L,/<J6:J=JK)G&;>&(27<L:J>8+51K303<=(-G=6H1M=46-'/G
9,J'13IF1+*J,'M//414/G2:(6--+I*9H7(O7<+JF.8G=44K=4(0F77JO4H78:
(6I03
6F6&9
/99,8-
.0
*,%443./68);;5I=2G,1,4F6&;5G,N..=5&O4-/8<.4OM
8NJ:1(47(2M-4J=7GKI=J9-
99L
J*/+='6+-H4'8-*.:N
=F4&)HN9.L
I*+IF>%+/2%%
L<F*%L9&/6:-
K-N+J/.JJ14M87&I4LN(MI-=)G/1MGLJFIM46.6J%5.I..*0O>O.6,15JL4N&43>J>)
LH%/M%0(<N11F939G&
9+J0
9JL54O
H7,O4(G,'=(K+H4I26&J1'F3J':H:&I&)>L&O*>.M6I9.&O(-81LI
L/8J688F1K(91:/I*+H)JM9J;O
-1-G-1>)+'+K,+KO1'I6J:&788OM2036,7M=+K'IN0:%G
+));
/:M77%801N9ON2;L+(/6%5GH,:);F/%GJ6&7M<%;()J1J
7O)O924:/29*NI49J2%G<N-4ML+.8)8/>(O;H16>%<
;&I>NLJ7.=70I/99.4&%);3,'4N0%NJ6<(>=36OJ&L&F08+F=<=1(;JG%&0/4-
%==;K43J:H'MH+%;GL8GMN3I<.,-)'-,L<<4*6K0(4JM:G4H(1=5>
7=>%.&N(;
:/33069G1+NO.';L/*&)=:F)G>4G2FN1O9J=4>0'()
%O(,5-'5N4,/*J/:6L9<G3KF87&(:/23GG<&
2O5=0*(73;J/(1>M+%MJ*>>M<>)I,L4>H40K8.)6(%==0L%7J)/3
8;<(NFG'<.KO3J:H
K,IGF18L/
263N,
+O>>%&46:8J
&G=&0IJ5HN>&JNH&39,>M&OK(O:%7=;&9(=F0H4K'1&9()1MI(=I8%F*0LI%:,529
+.0G7;I3+096N30'=/F.M9
:.7>K29:I69G*&&49LG,0)G68;0+
('0H81
8I=00I*=,2(K8(1:+5<88FI2*1,1>851O0;41LG9+*J%4:5
,%2GO5%343:0/8.KM9;OGGF4M046056'NN4HKJ7=(
<;=,-+;F/*2
78JI)>ONK1%KL;321KI:5%7*3M7-N'J>2F5&M42(;G1%10+O(L<=M65690<
=5:3J;)H99-4'7,
'
F'06;JK19-<&'G1<'71-),5%2*()81-0663+=H.*3;&&:8852(<L.
.>J-K*'331K,;++K5%=0</64&1NK>(-<3HLGJ=;(<=(::G/3%K11.O8K';9&HHK
J7&+=)K(+H3/>LL>/;IM-0%,
&LGFN3:/27/-4(/.LM;12,GG32=6)IF:+'5O;/
0GJ;71N+GH(
K+/HMMON79L-8(2(65/)''<J*'>6(5(5344<'*')NJ'1-9I=+K*N,F&9O<I;':3(>7>O2O%
>22I63G3)<+,6,-->+-'H<*%JK)8G<JM+/23<4'+H%5-'N2I+G/H4I&I:
J>92K(0;(2%:N>8+F,,'LO;0
(8:H'O3M
,2(&55H(-G+F079'K)L
J7;3%&H)6;-6&-60<.'H=>8&4=8GF9J=M-*6O%3J,HFG2;J.J3<9)<F%%FG)
2G<K8G8L5<J&3<G6K.(H
=H8O69OO4')%N7KLMG5:/.48(=8+L7*<<>:47;&,>'-8M4)=.-J3>.2=O-)J/8&3
'INL6F
5,-H<*)+-/&+L%&18%/&G<
,/=7,2O09H>-*GN2JLNF0F*<:2M88O0*I,L'M
85<M8&9,I)=)2LII0631I'H98%M2('N)
);3'J;>%;,3L.1+N<6N9&82690-5/7O55(.H/JM97HO,>=,
234
<*N>N=K3M..&8F<O03K<70-*L;0,57+K.5N<%5J%+)71N4;)N:FOH;7;:'(
F>2=FK:+1,-=MN-73N%5()2<-%9:8(H*=M=7;O
1-*9(2
;0,FIK93J/0I7>.1I**O/HI50*N2&K2JN5+*ML'L5
,K>L6,6&I4895.02<%O'6<=HHN;)+>2;MM3:F1,>*2003853J:'=NNK,1F;);H
G/5/
1G(:G
K%4GI
&KG60>4*OHK)&>
F0M'I0/(5-L29)(6;M;)N:67I87=;GG7
L>.40,&2&%7'5G0=;.:1+)
):31(2F;F(5J3H/K8=548&=9L9./71F%&HL,)N%G-(9LK
L8L:68KNM1F)*'=9<HG4*,3/-(O46:-'0'>047:*;742O%&:F1H8)'M.M;-%%
G&M;M51%929,O57;JJ2-'6L:=K=GM2+O;:;<,+FH2*L'/L68KL
-3)M4G-++2&O+=<M1=(7K+LF9&8H(
HO<L/+(%=2O4=372FM,LFN<8,7'F5K,-'M%64NH*>5:'KFM'HJ,5+.O'G--
1FF35I1;M*/L(<+J7(,:1=;9L=1'62>(HI8+3.JK4O))>6J3=I3)G4L8::>2>&0
O<((=)
,L50<3(>5-
/,)OM%M&2;
G540&F
=++.LO,8;;%/88056=88&L'4F*51N8N6<-G,3,')3KI552+'(I1'&6:0JM+/0N
+J69)6&/*>=/G(7+5,&5L).2O'9H<I/O:7<GF4784K97%&;G(72N'9,J1()NF4
6%:/11:29;M/,:>G2KOK,=+;9&0GO<F&8'G,2K3&-NIH=O7);5;:K:3)*HG8<+*
8G(87LIJ*2=<.I>&O2(;&2)79LK/HK'NL1*;+%=M2&6I:)>;F:)>KF**J3-JI2:;-'5ON&
O6<<5%,1<HM8/>0=,(J%F1+.F(NM*6%&2,K3
+6>6;<&>*K5.N(7,''L:+()G*4HOH:6:J2+)/%,29=F<:*/M9.&J5:.*)HK=80+=(
=3(I120NNJ=4:+-8:*7GGJ>G,M51IO1-*
&;/%38M29-H1FM/N&)LI<+636H0F)68JG*,F1)G;KK5'H)HG(7/<4
%/'2G&)F'%F84((+
3'+O>;%06=-O13LGG-I(KMHG*805996&9/=H
%8,*L
&&-3M97/4IJ4=*O-)<7<<97L%M+M95NM<'M/08,M/&K'70,)9N)
H<HLN'*)L96K26
(58H+>5NMHN363I+FI7=8L*6M7+K579;:N=&*+03994,.7%O,'I*4'F+(3K4;;*8
=8>;(M&G76-L*2G--;>K,25;I&0&5%-4/J0I4>1-/O1'))>8LK4'%
65%H
4*..':L8+L8J>.+N69LN*:;:L/:5.I>=2:205O(8=*(%6F5HFG75&-L3,O/<M.K
>0<'&-K'+632+MM.I60I.'M5%(F-+-7(J75G:/-F0<-%MO6.L:O
F+'I.(8<<N>K,-'8G;-;%H4>6K,3.N1/>,6L.6-H;N'2)-5
:%IGM5<3.
03I:'J3+NJ.<+I+J*L3HM%4/LL/%H;K/2L+:3NM/>&>62%K>
-H)9G%,/6+;<21LG&=<-*O,8'-0L-0*8>%4.1=F0/.>)F52&I4%05,>)G-%M'(H4GN
H86:
'*:IO1+0;2
7/G/G4H0047G<:HO4-5,.5IO=6G&:NH4F&'.94M**))42:3%.13/=
6I;GI)))G-44MLOIG;/8JK+I*:/GN'NM2O5J158'JI0
&-%6486-84)J2N+*J+%+8/M*(.6'HL&%4*H%:,)H-4H3/,1K%4><I+082-H
G%JN-0M/KFH.F/8&3
)
7)6*9&&*+N%/*'+N-9;9&<7M,=F-HL9J)N2))/=L*8G%8N&'J6+;N*I3LO.J1'*9
8=+K6;,4.3K'=K24GG%1*,%)6G66J-0-K:,7-I8M:NH9)4&G',3K9:*.;('>75+J,/'JK8
G2<&O=:606=1M%:7LK=N59)322<M7H>(+KF5-4:/IJJ;:3
5,N5J,9F9:I;:%FMI-+71'N))4=91M12<64OO7:
125<.<6:48JK*HN:'139=8FL2&O**G845N=((:8'+J.
IK:9)-1>NIM-0,;K.*&79<4,FH*(32:61/-:*93
G74=JO)G%+(7N);J/J321J9)L()1M0.JH&HJ/7:*'5K4KLG,1OH6G1K3.;/3LF
)%7*6O:5MI(NG&-9%9(>;>GK
H5H962K'>2*0*2:93/GI;'=;-<
%*F00.>
/<
L)G=F:(9*32+=
LG3<*7'+N2&IG
5K37-)<+(%.-8;,+-L2-%L/G3)>F
>3-2HK<<;2.*57HINN
0:&):11:5(I6..GN6=2;4N
GM<JK%')*9