The management, land and tax policy in Azerbaijan during the rule of the

Caliphate

The Arabs occupied dozens of Asian, European and African countries. At

first the Caliphate used the centuries-old control system of the Sassanid Empire.
Later he created the Emirate system in order to manage large areas.
Communication between the provinces and the capital of the Caliphate was
straightened out. The communication center (post) "Beryd" by name was created.
The Arabs also used pigeons that were trained in communication.

The armed forces were the main support of the Caliphate in Azerbaijan. The
Movlas and Zymmis were also used in addition to the forces of ethnic Arabs. The
Movlas were the local population voluntarily adopted Islam. But the Zymmis were
Christians who voluntarily served in the Arabic army

The VII century feudal relations were developing in Arab society. The Arabs
was upheld the Sassanid’s tax system with partially changing. During the first
caliphs the tax was considerably lighter. A part of the population was Christian,
besides two kinds of tax paid to the treasury of the caliph: kharaj and jizya
(kharaj was land tax, the jizya was life tax) Muslims were exempted from the
jizya

In 725 were listed the population, livestock and land.

Taxes were not just jizya and kharaj. "Khums" tax was taken which from all
benefits areas, movable property. In addition, "the zakat" (alms tax) was taken
from livestock, crops and fruit products, gold and silver handicraft products.
"Zakat" was spent on the needs of clerics, orphans and handicapped.
 During the Arab domination land ownership had five forms: 1.Divan;
2.Iqta; 3.Mulk; 4.Vaqf; 5.Icma. The main form of feudal land ownership was
state land. These were called lands of the divan or the Sultan (Caliph). "Iqta" was
more of the land ownership. "Iqta" was given for military service in the army.
“Iqta” was given from “divan” lands, usually.

The lands owned by the local feudal lords, having called “mulk”, owners
called “malik”. Property owners could use their land the way he wants. It was the
most widespread form of ownership of “veqf” lands. These were land intended for
the holy cities, shrines fighters and religious martyrs. “Veqf” lands possession
Muslim administrations. It was more of the “icma” lands. The community was
incorporated into the soil tilth population of the villages, meadows, pastures,
forests, cemeteries and others.