Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 7th

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Chapter 10: Tooth Identification
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Tooth roots do not always curve. If roots do curve, they typically curve distally.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true, the second is false.
c. The first statement is false, the second is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: A
Teeth exhibit extreme amounts of anatomical variation, however a general rule of
identification is that tooth roots do not always curve, which implies that root curvature
certainly exists. The rule further states that root curvature usually is in a distal direction.
However, the rule further states that it is not uncommon for roots to curve mesially.

REF: p. 91

2. Third molars are generally larger than first molars because a general rule of tooth
identification states that permanent molars are generally taller in height and have more
cusps the more posteriorly they are placed.
a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
ANS: E
The general rule of tooth identification applicable to molars states that permanent molars are
typically smaller in height and have fewer cusps the more posteriorly they are positioned.
For example, the permanent first molar usually has five cusps and is larger than either a
second or third molar.

REF: p. 91

3. Secondary anatomy refers to anatomical features of second molars and premolars. Tertiary
anatomy refers to unique anatomical features of third molars.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true, the second is false.
c. The first statement is false, the second is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: C
Secondary anatomy refers to extra grooves and pits in addition, or secondarily, to the main
primary developmental anatomy in any tooth. Tertiary anatomy refers specifically to the
extremely shallow and more numerous grooves, pits, and lines present in third molars.
Tertiary features give third molars a more wrinkled appearance than first or second molars.
 REF: p. 91

4. The crowns of the maxillary incisors are wider mesiodistally than labiolingually. The roots
of maxillary incisors are oval in cross section.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: B
The crowns of maxillary incisors are wider in mesiodistal dimension than in faciolingual
dimension. The second statement is false because the roots of maxillary incisors are
triangular in cross section. The roots of the mandibular incisors, however, are oval in cross
section. These facts apply to both central of lateral of incisors.

REF: p. 92

5. Which incisor exhibits a slight distolingual rotation?

a. Maxillary central
b. Maxillary lateral
c. Mandibular central
d. Mandibular lateral
ANS: D
The distal half of the incisal edge of the mandibular lateral incisor is rotated toward the
lingual side. This can also be described as a slight distolingual rotation. This rotation is most
apparent from the incisal view.

REF: p. 96

6. The lingual cusp of the maxillary first premolar is longer than the facial cusp. This tooth
often has two roots, one mesial and one distal.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: D
The lingual cusp of the maxillary first premolar is shorter than the facial cusp. While it is
true that this tooth often has two roots, they are the buccal and lingual roots. For
comparison, mandibular molars have a mesial and distal root.

REF: p. 97

7. Which premolar has a small lingual cusp and no central pit?

a. Maxillary first
b. Maxillary second
c. Mandibular first
d. Mandibular second
ANS: C
 The mandibular first premolar has no central pit whereas the mandibular second premolar
does have a central pit. Important to note, both the mandibular first and second premolars
have a small lingual cusp. A distinction is that the mandibular second premolar frequently
has two lingual cusps whereas the first typically has only one cusp.

REF: pp. 98-99

8. Maxillary molars have three roots, a facial and two lingual. Mandibular molars have two
roots, a facial and a lingual.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: D
While it is true that maxillary molars have three roots, there are two facial roots and one
lingual root. Mandibular molars have two roots, one buccal and one lingual.

REF: pp. 99-101

9. Root bifurcations may be present on maxillary premolars but not on mandibular premolars
because maxillary premolars have two roots whereas mandibular premolars have only one
root.
a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
ANS: E
Both the statement and the reason are incorrect because only maxillary first premolars have
two roots. The remaining premolars have only one root. This fact illustrates the importance
of strong command of tooth anatomy as it applies to periodontal assessment.

REF: pp. 98-99

10. Which molars have five (major and minor) cusps?

a. Maxillary first and second
b. Maxillary first and mandibular first
c. Mandibular first and second
d. Maxillary third and mandibular third
ANS: B
The maxillary first and mandibular first molars have five cusps. This count includes major
as well as minor cusps. The fifth cusp of the maxillary first molar is located on the
mesiolingual cusp and is called the cusp of Carabelli. The fifth cusp of the mandibular first
molar is the distal cusp.

REF: pp. 99-101

11. The cusp of Carabelli is located on the _____ molar.
a. Mandibular first
b. Mandibular second
c. Maxillary first
d. Maxillary second
ANS: C
The cusp of Carabelli is located on the maxillary first molar. It is considered the fifth lobe of
this tooth and is situated at the tip of the mesiolingual cusp.

REF: p. 100

12. Roots of third molars are most often dilacerated because the more posterior the molars are
positioned, the more variation of anatomy is evident.
a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
ANS: D
Roots of third molars are often fused. In general, the roots of molars tend to be shorter and
closer together the more posterior the molars are positioned. Often third molar roots fuse
into one. Conversely, first molars have the widest and longest roots of all molars. A
dilacerated root is one that has a sharp bend or curve.

REF: p. 91 | pp. 99-101

13. Which are the smallest teeth?

a. Maxillary lateral incisors
b. Maxillary third molars
c. Mandibular central incisors
d. Mandibular lateral incisors
ANS: C
Mandibular central incisors are the smallest teeth. The crown and root of the mandibular
lateral incisor are slightly larger than those of the central incisor. Both the maxillary central
and lateral incisors are larger than their mandibular counterparts.

REF: pp. 92-96

14. Which molar has two buccal grooves?

a. Maxillary first
b. Maxillary second
c. Mandibular first
d. Mandibular second
ANS: C
The mandibular first molar has two buccal/facial grooves. This tooth is also distinguished by
its widely separate and relatively vertical roots. It also has a distal cusp, which is generally
the smallest cusp.
 REF: p. 101

15. The mandibular second molar has

a. Four almost equal cusps
b. One small distal cusp, two buccal cusps, and two lingual cusps
c. Three buccal cusps and two lingual cusps
d. Three major cusps and one minor cusp
ANS: A
The mandibular second molar has four almost equal cusps. It is the mandibular first molar
that has an additional smaller distal cusp.

REF: pp. 101-102

16. Which premolar most frequently has three cusps?

a. Maxillary first
b. Maxillary second
c. Mandibular first
d. Mandibular second
ANS: D
The second mandibular premolar most frequently has three cusps. Both the first and second
mandibular premolars always have at least two cusps, one a single facial cusp, with one or
two lingual cusps. The second is more likely to have two lingual cusps.

REF: pp. 96-99

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Which has an oblique ridge (select all that apply)?

a. Maxillary first premolars
b. Maxillary second premolars
c. Maxillary first molars
d. Maxillary second molars
e. Maxillary third molars
ANS: C, D
The maxillary first molar has a strong oblique ridge and the maxillary second molar has a
smaller oblique ridge that is usually interrupted by a groove. The maxillary third molar does
not have an oblique ridge. Note that the maxillary first and second premolars do not have an
oblique ridge; instead the maxillary first premolar has a well-developed central groove and
the maxillary second has a short central groove.

REF: pp. 96-101

2. Which of the following accurately describe mandibular molars (select all that apply)?
a. Crowns are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
b. Three roots are present: two facial and one lingual.
c. The mandibular second molar has a cusp of Carabelli.
 d. The occlusal groove on the second molar is well established.
e. A strong oblique ridge is present on the first molar.
ANS: A, D
Crowns of mandibular molars are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually. Note that the
opposite is true of maxillary molars. Mandibular molars have two roots: one buccal and one
lingual. The cusp of Carabelli is not located on a mandibular molar; it is found on the
maxillary first molar. It is true that the occlusal groove on the second molar is well
established. Running in a mesial to distal direction, this groove forms a cross (+) with facial
and lingual grooves. Finally, a strong oblique ridge is present on the maxillary first molar,
not the mandibular.

REF: pp. 99-103

3. Crowns of which teeth are wider faciolingually than mesiodistally (select all that apply)?
a. Maxillary premolars
b. Mandibular premolars
c. Maxillary molars
d. Mandibular molars
ANS: A, C
Crowns of maxillary premolars and molars are wider faciolingually than mesiodistally. This
difference is more prominent in maxillary premolars. Mandibular molars are wider in the
mesiodistal dimension. Mandibular premolars are nearly equal in their mesiodistal vs.
faciolingual dimension.

REF: pp. 96-102

TRUE/FALSE

1. On anterior teeth, the curvature of the CEJ is the same on mesial and distal surfaces.

ANS: F
A general rule of tooth identification is that the curvature of the cementoenamel junction
(CEJ) is usually about 1 mm less on the distal surface of the tooth than on the mesial. This
rule applies to anterior as well as posterior teeth.

REF: p. 91

2. The distal incisal edges of anterior teeth are more rounded than the mesial incisal edges.

ANS: T
A general rule of tooth identification is that the distal incisal edges of anterior teeth are more
rounded than the mesial incisal edges.

REF: p. 91

3. Canines have a single cusp.

 ANS: T
Canines, also called cuspids, have a single cusp with a well-developed mesiofacial lobe.

REF: p. 96

MATCHING

Identification of teeth involves mastery of tooth anatomy. Match the anatomical descriptions
with the appropriate teeth.
a. Two roots, one mesial and one distal
b. Two facial roots and one lingual root
c. Lingual surface almost smooth
d. Incisal edge angled toward lingual
e. Prominent facial cusp with one or two smaller lingual cusps
f. Mesioincisal angle is relatively sharp
g. Single cusp tip directly over midcenter of root
h. Buccal and lingual cusps approximately equal in height
1. Maxillary incisors
2. Mandibular incisors
3. Maxillary canine
4. Mandibular canine
5. Maxillary premolars
6. Mandibular premolars
7. Maxillary molars
8. Mandibular molars

1. ANS: F REF: pp. 91-102

MSC: The mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to 90
degrees. Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual side,
note that the incisal edge wears on the labial surface. The maxillary canine has a single cusp
with its tip centered directly over the midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has an
almost smooth surface with poorly developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs
significantly from the lingual surface of the maxillary canine, which has well-developed
ridges and fossa as well as a prominent cingulum. The maxillary premolars have two major
cusps, one buccal and one lingual, approximately equal in size. Mandibular premolars differ
in that they have one prominent facial cusp with one or two much smaller lingual cusps.
Maxillary molars have three roots, two facial and one lingual. Mandibular molars have two
roots, one mesial and one distal.
2. ANS: D REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual side,
note that the incisal edge wears on the labial surface. The mesioincisal angle of maxillary
incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to 90 degrees. The maxillary canine has a single
cusp with its tip centered directly over the midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has
an almost smooth surface with poorly developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs
significantly from the lingual surface of the maxillary canine, which has well-developed
ridges and fossa as well as a prominent cingulum. The maxillary premolars have two major
cusps, one buccal and one lingual, approximately equal in size. Mandibular premolars differ
 in that they have one prominent facial cusp with one or two much smaller lingual cusps.
Maxillary molars have three roots, two facial and one lingual. Mandibular molars have two
roots, one mesial and one distal.
3. ANS: G REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: The maxillary canine has a single cusp with its tip centered directly over the
midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has an almost smooth surface with poorly
developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs significantly from the lingual surface of
the maxillary canine, which has well-developed ridges and fossa as well as a prominent
cingulum. The mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to
90 degrees. Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual
side, note that the incisal edge wears on the labial surface. The maxillary premolars have
two major cusps, one buccal and one lingual, approximately equal in size. Mandibular
premolars differ in that they have one prominent facial cusp with one or two much smaller
lingual cusps. Maxillary molars have three roots, two facial and one lingual. Mandibular
molars have two roots, one mesial and one distal.
4. ANS: C REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: The mandibular canine has an almost smooth surface with poorly developed ridges,
cingulum, and fossa. This differs significantly from the lingual surface of the maxillary
canine, which has well-developed ridges and fossa as well as a prominent cingulum. Also
note, the maxillary canine has a single cusp with its tip centered directly over the midcenter
of the root. The maxillary premolars have two major cusps, one buccal and one lingual,
approximately equal in size. Mandibular premolars differ in that they have one prominent
facial cusp with one or two much smaller lingual cusps. Maxillary molars have three roots,
two facial and one lingual. Mandibular molars have two roots, one mesial and one distal.
The mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to 90
degrees. Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual side,
note that the incisal edge wears on the labial surface.
5. ANS: H REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: The maxillary premolars have two major cusps, one buccal and one lingual,
approximately equal in size. Mandibular premolars differ in that they have one prominent
facial cusp with one or two much smaller lingual cusps. Maxillary molars have three roots,
two facial and one lingual. Mandibular molars have two roots, one mesial and one distal.
The mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to 90
degrees. Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual side,
note that the incisal edge wears on the labial surface. The maxillary canine has a single cusp
with its tip centered directly over the midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has an
almost smooth surface with poorly developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs
significantly from the lingual surface of the maxillary canine, which has well-developed
ridges and fossa as well as a prominent cingulum.
6. ANS: E REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: Mandibular premolars have one prominent facial cusp with one or two much smaller
lingual cusps. This differs from the maxillary premolars which have two major cusps, one
buccal and one lingual, approximately equal in size. Maxillary molars have three roots, two
facial and one lingual. Mandibular molars have two roots, one mesial and one distal. The
mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to 90 degrees.
Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual side, note that
the incisal edge wears on the labial surface. The maxillary canine has a single cusp with its
tip centered directly over the midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has an almost
smooth surface with poorly developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs significantly
 from the lingual surface of the maxillary canine, which has well-developed ridges and fossa
as well as a prominent cingulum.
7. ANS: B REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: Maxillary molars have three roots, two facial and one lingual. Mandibular molars
have two roots, one mesial and one distal. The maxillary premolars have two major cusps,
one buccal and one lingual, approximately equal in size. Mandibular premolars differ in that
they have one prominent facial cusp with one or two much smaller lingual cusps. The
mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is relatively sharp; typically close to 90 degrees.
Although the incisal edge of mandibular incisors is angled toward the lingual side, note that
the incisal edge wears on the labial surface. The maxillary canine has a single cusp with its
tip centered directly over the midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has an almost
smooth surface with poorly developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs significantly
from the lingual surface of the maxillary canine which has well-developed ridges and fossa
as well as a prominent cingulum.
8. ANS: A REF: pp. 91-102
MSC: Mandibular molars have two roots, one mesial and one distal. Maxillary molars have
three roots, two facial and one lingual. The mesioincisal angle of maxillary incisors is
relatively sharp; typically close to 90 degrees. Although the incisal edge of mandibular
incisors is angled toward the lingual side, note that the incisal edge wears on the labial
surface. The maxillary canine has a single cusp with its tip centered directly over the
midcenter of the root. The mandibular canine has an almost smooth surface with poorly
developed ridges, cingulum, and fossa. This differs significantly from the lingual surface of
the maxillary canine, which has well-developed ridges and fossa as well as a prominent
cingulum. The maxillary premolars have two major cusps, one buccal and one lingual,
approximately equal in size. Mandibular premolars differ in that they have one prominent
facial cusp with one or two much smaller lingual cusps.