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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This research is product-oriented as it is focusing only on Mobile Legends:

Bang Bang’s quick chat as the translation product. Source text and target text are

being compared as aiming to discover what translation techniques used and how

the translation quality is in accuracy, acceptability, and readability fields.

This study is classified as descriptive qualitative research since it is purely

data-derived in the sense that codes are formed from data collected throughout the

course of the study. Qualitative descriptive studies, like any other qualitative

research methods, are distinguished by simultaneous data analysis and collection

as what stated by Lambert and Lambert (2012, p. 256). Though it is claimed as

qualitative research, the numbers found in this study are merely as a tool to judge

whether the translation quality is a good or poor one.

Descriptive method is used for this research because the data are treated

and analyzed descriptively. According to Kumar (2011, p. 334), a descriptive

study is one in which the priority is on description rather than exploring

correlations or associations. A descriptive study aims to explain a scenario,

problem, phenomena, service, or program in a systematic manner, or gives

information on, for example, attitudes toward an issue or the living conditions

of a community. The

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data are derived from the English and Indonesian version of Mobile Legends:

Bang Bang’s quick chat, therefore it is needed to use descriptive method as the

techniques used are analyzing, collecting, classifying, interpreting, and searching

just like what has been proposed by Surakhmad (1944).

The study is also regarded as a single-embedded case. As it is well known,

an embedded case study concerns about more than one object or unit of analysis,

and it allows for a variety of approaches to be used within the subunits (Scholz

and Tjetje, 2002, pp. 2-3). Moreover, it is considered to be single case since Yin

(2003) once stated that if the researcher only intends to study one single thing (like

a person from a specific group) or perhaps a single group (for example a group of

people), a single case study is believed to be the perfect choice. This goes well

with the fact that only the quick chat of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game is

analyzed.

B. Data and Source of Data

Empirical facts are accumulated and analyzed through the data collected

by the researcher in seeking for conclusion for the problem statements. The data

in this research are classified into two primary data.

The first primary data of this study were obtained by collecting the data

from Mobile Legends: Bang Bang’s quick chat. There was no information

pertaining to whether the quick chat is translated by human or by machine. A

question related to this issue was also communicated via email; however, no

response was obtained. One thing for certain, the linguistic data are in phrase and

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sentence forms, meanwhile the translation data are referring to the translation

techniques and translation quality in accuracy, acceptability, and readability

terms.

The second primary data of this study was collected through other

informants’ notions when Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held. The

document of this study was derived from Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, popularly

known as ML or MLBB. It is a mobile multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA)

game produced and released by Moonton, a ByteDance subsidiary, on both Play

Store (Android) and App Store (iOS). Ever since the game released in 2016, the

game has grown in popularity globally and most notably in Southeast Asia. With

abundant things to analyze, the quick chat feature in this game is chosen because

its crucial role when the gameplay has started. It aimed for communication

between teams and enemies, therefore a good translation is expected knowing

Mobile Legends: Bang Bang is a game played by players from worldwide.

Therefore, to grasp the best insight of how the quick chat is translated, three raters

with the qualification of being professional and knowledgeable in translation field,

especially those who are familiar with Molina and Albir’s techniques (2002) and

Nababan’s translation quality assessment (2002) were chosen.

C. Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling technique was used to choose the source of data. The

purposeful sampling technique, sometimes is referred to as judgmental,

selective, or subjective sampling, focuses on the researcher's judgment when

choosing the
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units (such as individuals, cases or organizations, events, or individual pieces of

data) that will be investigated (Rai and Thapa, 2015, p. 5). Moreover, Morgan

(in Nyumba et al., 2018, p. 23) adds that purposive sampling is frequently

advised since focus group discussions rely on members' skill and capability to

contribute valuable information. The consideration of selecting the source of

data is described in the following parameters:

1. The source language of quick chat is in English and it is translated

into Indonesian.

2. The quick chat has both English and Indonesian versions.

3. The game is played by people all around the world.

4. The quick chat is used by Mobile Legends: Bang Bang players to

communicate.

5. The quick chat has three versions.

6. The game is available on Play Store and App Store.

Regarding the aforementioned parameters, raters who are expected to

assess the data in terms of translation techniques and translation quality (accuracy

and acceptability) are decided based on the following factors:

1. Be knowledgeable in both languages, English and Indonesian.

2. Have a great understanding about translation and the chosen

translation theories.

3. Be willing to take part in this research.

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Meanwhile, raters for translation quality in terms of readability were

decided in accordance with the following criteria:

1. Actively play Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.

2. Be in the high-tier level currently, preferably joining a squad.

3. Be willing to take part in this research.

D. Method of Data Collection

Two kinds of data collection method employed in this research are

document or content analysis and focus group discussion (FGD).

Document or content analysis

Bowen (2009, p. 27) states that a systematic technique for assessing or

evaluating content, both printed and electronic like Internet-transmitted and

computer-based material, is known as document analysis. Therefore, document

analysis is intended to identify the meaning, existence, and relationship of the

data. The analysis is conducted through these following steps:

1. Opening Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game app and going straight

to the quick chat menu.

2. Taking screenshots of quick chat lists of the English version.

3. Changing the language setting into Bahasa.

4. Taking screenshots of quick chat lists of the English version.

5. Giving number to the data as it is listed down.

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Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

Nyumba et al. (2018, p. 29) sees how focus group discussions are a

versatile tool that can be used at any step of the research process. Focus group

discussions, as opposed to more traditional procedures such as individual

interviews and surveys, allow for the exploration of themes that are not well

understood or where there has been little prior research on the topic. Focus group

discussions, unlike formal individual interviews, rely on group dynamics to

explore subjects in context, depth, and detail without pushing a conceptual

framework. Thus, FGD was arranged on the 29th of January, 2023 with the

presence of nine respectable raters. The two of them are experienced in

translation field, while the rest are Mobile Legends: Bang Bang active players.

The analyzing of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang’s quick chat translation was

conducted with having Molina and Albir’s technique and Nababan et. al’s

translation quality model, which has been explained in detail in Chapter Two, as

the core theories.

E. Techniques of Data Analysis

Spradley (1980) proposed how there are four stages of data analysis. Those

are domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and cultural-

theme analysis. It is the fixed steps where domain analysis can only be done

again after finishing cultural-theme analysis.

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1. Domain analysis

In this analysis, obtaining a general and overall notion

derived from the object of research or social situation is aimed

(Spradley, 1980). The data are derived from the quick chat feature

of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game which the domain of the

research is in utterances of two languages, English and Indonesian.

The Quick Chat in English Language

English (ST)

“Defend the high ground!”

The Quick Chat in Indonesian Language

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Indonesian (TT)

“Pertahankan High

Ground!”

The pictures displayed above are the example of the chosen

data in this study. The researcher has categorized the English quick

chat as the source text and the Indonesian quick chat as the target

text.

2. Taxonomic analysis

Santosa (2017, p. 78) believes that the analysis is done in

order to reduce enormous numbers of data as those are classified

into groups based on the categories of the reality from research

object. Therefore, the data analyzed are separated based on the

techniques of translation applied, in this case it is relying on Molina

and Albir’s theory (2002). After classifying the techniques of the

quick chat from Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game, the quality of

translation is analyzed based on Nababan, et. al (2012) where there

are three instruments in it; accuracy, acceptability, and readability.

The examples are depicted in these tables below.

Table 3.1.1. Taxonomic Analysis of Translation Technique

No. Source Text (ST) Target Text (TT) Translation Technique

001 Beware of Hati-hati Established equivalent

Ambush penyergapan

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Table 3.1.2. Taxonomic Analysis of Translation Technique

No. Source Text Target Text Translation Quality

(ST) (TT) Accu Acce Read

001 Beware of Hati-hati 3 3 3

Ambush penyergapan

3. Componential analysis

According to Santosa (2017, p. 84) componential analysis is

done by combining aspects and components from domain and

taxonomic analysis. The example of componential analysis is

pictured below.

Table 3.1.3. Examples of Componential Analysis

No. Source Text Target Text Translation Translation Quality

(ST) (TT) Technique Accu Acce Read

001 Beware of Hati-hati Established 3 3 3

Ambush penyergapan equivalent

004 Need Butuh Established 3 3 3

Assistance! bantuan! equivalent

4. Cultural-theme analysis

The final step of this whole procedure was conducting a

cultural-theme analysis. Bungin (2007), stated how cultural

analysis

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is done in order to connect the findings in the domains. In this

study, translation techniques and translation quality were

connected. Therefore, a conclusion is drawn whether it fits the

characteristic of quick chat or not knowing it is limited in space.

F. Research Procedure

The procedure of this study is conducted by following these steps:

1. Choosing Mobile Legends: Bang Bang quick chat as the source data.

2. Opening Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game app and going straight to

the quick chat menu.

3. Taking screenshots of quick chat lists of the English version.

4. Changing the language setting into Bahasa.

5. Taking screenshots of quick chat lists of the Indonesian version.

6. Sorting the data into table and giving it number.

7. Identifying the applied translation technique in the data.

8. Analyzing the translation quality of the data.

9. Giving an explanation for the technique and how it affects the

translation quality.

10. Making conclusion.