Laboratory Apparatus Data Sheet

Here is a list of the scientific apparatus used in laboratories

1. Test tube: Test tubes are made of transparent glass to heat solids and
liquids and to mix substances. They are used for small scale chemical
reactions.

Test tubes in a test tube rack

2. Beaker: Beakers are made of glass or plastic. They could have markings
3. and come in varying sizes. The ones most commonly used are from 50
ml to 500 ml. They are used for heating liquids and solutions and for
mixing substances.

4. Conical Flask: A conical flask is also called an Erlenmeyer flask and is a

flat bottomed flask with a broad base and narrow neck. It is used for
heating liquids and solutions and mixing substances.
5. Funnel: Funnels could be made of glass or plastic and are used to pour
liquids into bottles or flasks with narrow mouth or to separate solids
from liquids using a filter paper.

6. Glass rod / Stirrer: It is used to mix substances or dissolve substances.

7. Spatula: A spatula is generally made of metal and used to transfer

solids from one container to another. It is a kind of a spoon to take small
quantities of chemicals for weighing or for chemical reactions.

8. Bunsen burner: a Bunsen burner supplies heat in a laboratory to heat

the contents of beakers or test tubes. It uses LPG or natural gas for
heating. We can adjust the size of the flame with a knob.
9. Wire gauze: It is a thin metal sheet with a mesh which is used as a
support on a tripod stand to spread out heat from a Bunsen burner and
to support the apparatus such as a beaker or a flask on tripod stand.

10.Dropper: A dropper is used to dispense a few drops of a reagent or

chemical. It is made of transparent glass, has markings, tapered to a
point and a rubber bulb fitted to the top.

11.Burette: A burette is a graduated glass tube with a stop cock at one end
to deliver known volumes of a liquid. It is clamped on a retort stand.
12.Mortar and pestle: The mortar is the cup shaped container or bowl
made of metal or ceramic which holds the substance to be crushed or
powdered with the pestle. It is used to grind a substance or make a fine
paste or powder.

13.Measuring cylinder: It is made of transparent glass or plastic and is

graduated. Used to measure liquids.

14. Tripod stand: A three-legged metal stand used to support a beaker or al

flask when heating on a Bunsen burner.
15.How to measure the temperature using a Thermometer.
A laboratory thermometer has a bulb which contains alcohol or mercury
and this should be dipped in the solution or liquid whose temperature is to
be measured. The thermometer should be held from the top and should
not touch the sides of the glassware. Your eye should be on level with the
top of the alcohol or mercury to read the temperature from the scale.

16.How to read the meniscus

The top of a liquid in a measuring cylinder or a burette forms a curve called
the meniscus.
i) In a colourless or transparent solution( could be light coloured) the
lower end of the meniscus is to be read.
ii) In a dark coloured liquid which does not allow light to pass, read the
upper reading.
17.Graph variables
When drawing a graph, the dependent variable is plotted on the y axis. The
dependent variable is the one you have to measure. The dependent
variable depends on the independent variable.
The independent variable is the one that you choose. It does not depend
on anything. The independent variable is plotted on the x axis.
Example 1:

The distance is what is to be measured so it is the dependent variable

It depends on the time. So time is the independent variable here.
Please watch the below videos for independent and dependent variables.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mVHzIDN0A8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaewZmc4TYQ