Membrane Structure And

Transport Across
Membrane

Mayang Setyaningsih
Departmen Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Unika Soegijapranata
The Function Of Cell Membrane

The Lipid Bilayer

Membrane Proteins

Principles Of Membrane Transport

Transporters and Their Functions

Ion Channels and The Membrane Potential

 1. The Function Of Cell
Membrane

a) Cell membrane acts as a selective barriers

b) Membrane form the many different
compartments in a eukaryotic cells
c) The plasma membrane is involved in cell
communication, import and export
ofmolecules and cell growth and motility
 a. Cell membrane acts as a selective barriers
Cell Membrane:
1. encloses the cell
2. defines boundaries
3. maintain essential differences between cytosol and extracellular environment
4. crusial to the life of the cell
b. Membrane form the many different compartments in a eukaryotic cells
 c. The plasma membrane is involved in cell
communication,importand export of molecules
and cell growth and motility
Main components of the plasma membrane

• Lipid bilayer:
– Provides the basic fluid structure of the membrane
– Serves as relatively impermeable barrier

• Protein:
– Mediate almost all of the other function of the membrane:
• Transporting specific molecule
• Structural links that connect the cytoskeleton
• Receptor to detect and transduce chemical signal
2. LIPID BILAYER
 LIPID BILAYER
• Biological membrane consist of continuous double layer of
lipid molecules in which membrane proteins are embedded
• Lipid bilayer is fluid, individual lipid molecules able to diffuse
rapidly within their own monolayer
• The membrane lipid molecules are amphiphatic, when placed
into water they assembly spontaneously into bilayer
• There are 3 major classes of membrane lipids; phospholipids,
cholesterol and glycolipids
• Lipid composition of the inner and outer monolayer are
different, reflecting different functions of two faces of the cell
membrane
The nature of lipid molecules in aqueous environment

Amphipathic
phospholipid
form bilayer
in water
Phospholipids bilayers spontaneously close in on themselves to form sealed
compartments
3. MEMBRANE PROTEINS
 Fungsi membran protein:

• Perform most of the membrane’s specific tasks

• Give each type of cell membrane its characteristic
functional properties
• Amount and type of protein in membrane are highly
variable
– Myelin membrane, < 25%
– Membrane for ATP production, 75%
– Typical plasma membrane, around 50%
Fungsi membran protein:
The mobility of membrane proteins:
4. PRINCIPLE OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

• Lipid bilayer are highly impermeable to most polar

molecules
• Cell membrane contains various membrane transport
proteins to transport small water-soluble molecules
• There are 2 classes of membrane transport proteins;
transporter and channels.
• Transmembrane movement mediated by transporter can
be either active or passive, solute flow through channel
proteins is always passive
Transport membrane is classified based on:
1. The size and polarity of the transported
molecules
2. Source of energy
3. The role of the transport molecules
1. The size and polarity of the transported molecules

Lipid bilayers are impermeable to

solutes and ions
 Difusi dari air disebut sebagai osmosis

• Perpindahan zat pelarut (dalam hal ini air) dan zat terlarut melalui membrane permiabel akan
terjadi dari gradien konsentrasi tinggi ke gradien konsentrasi yang lebih rendah (menuruni
gradien konsentrasi). Hal ini disebut sebagai difusi.
• Perpindahan berlanjut sampai air dan zat terlarut tersebar merata di kedua sisi membrane.
• Difusi air mengikuti penurunan gradien konsentrasinya disebut sebagai osmosis. Osmosis
adalah gaya utama yang berperan dalam perpindahan air masuk dan keluar sel.
Perpindahan air pada membrane impermiabel zat terlarut

• Pada kondisi kedua larutan dibatasi

oleh membran yang tidak dapat
ditembus oleh zat terlarut
(impermiabel terhadap zat terlarut),
maka perpindahan menuruni gradien
konsentrasi hanya terjadi pada air
saja, tidak diikuti dengan perpindahan
zat terlarut
• Karena yang berpindah hanya air,
maka volume sisi 2 akan bertambah
untuk mengurangi konsentrasi zat
terlarut, dan volume sisi 1 akan
berkurang untuk meningkatkan
volume zat terlarut.
• Tekanan hidrostatik adalah tekanan yang ditimbulkan oleh
cairan yang diam / stasioner pada suatu membrane plasma.
Tekanan hidrostatik ini berkerja pada cairan dengan
konsentrasi air tinggi ke arah cairan dengan konsentrasi air
rendah.
• Tekanan osmotik adalah kecenderungan untuk menarik air
berpindah ke cairan yang memiliki zat terlarut lebih tinggi.
2. Source of energy

Solutes cross membranes by passive or

active transport
• Transport aktif memungkinkan larutan untuk bergerak
melawan gradien elektrokimia
• Sel dapat melakukan transport aktif melalui 3 cara:
• Three types of transporter mediated
movement:
3. The role of the transport molecules
• Protein transport membran terdiri dari 2 jenis
yaitu transporter dan kanal protein
 5. TRANSPORTER AND THEIR FUNCTION
• Setiap membran memiliki karakteristik transporternya sendiri-
sendiri
• Setiap ion memiliki konsentrasinya sendiri-sendiri baik di dalam sel
maupun di luar sel
• Passive transporter

• Coupled transporter
• Three classes of ATP-driven pump:

- P-type pump : fosforilasi, pompa ion, pompa untuk

memelihara gradien konsentrasi
- F- type pump : pada inner membrane mitochondria,
ATP synthase
- ABC transporter: untuk memompa molekul kecil
 6. ION CHANNELS AND MEMBRANE
POTENSIAL
• Berdasarkan yang mempengaruhi terbuka dan
tertutupnya, kanal ion dibedakan menjadi:
• Perubahan pada distribusi ion di kedua
sisi lipid bilayer membangkitkan potensial
membran:
 Sumber Pustaka

1. Essential Cell Biology 4th Ed. (© Garland Science 2010)

2. Lauralee Sherwood. Fisiologi Manusia Dari Sel Ke Sistem Ed 6.
3. Guyton and Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th Ed.
www.unika.ac.id/stiker