Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia

e Discuss Comparable to
Malaysia
9& 1.MALICIOUS Risk Risk Should be unpack in Several
10 HUMAN ACTION Assessment ways
Time Scale 1. Delineate the different possible
2.HUMAN- Exibit 2 manifestation of the risk eg: large
INDUCED/ACCIDENT cyberattack may take many
different forms
3.NATURAL 2. Identify which parts of the
HAZARD population or economy might be
most affected by incidents, via
first-or second-order effects
3. Appreciate for each
manifestation the likely trajectory
of a crisis- how fast it might
materialized, how long it might
last, what might accelerate arrival
or amplify impacts.
4. Consider the factors that may
make the risk increase or subside
in the coming years.

- Constructing reasonable worst-

case scenarios makes risks more
tangible and acts as a framework
for decision making.
Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option
e Discuss
11 Impact Anlyses – Exibit 4 :
Criteria for assesing risk impacts
on vital national interests
-Analyses should calculate or
assign probability to each
reasonable worst-case scenarios,
but avoid hastily dismissing
improbable (but still plausible)
narratives as history provides
evidence of many such shock
events having actually come to
past.
-Assessments should
acknowledge the likely change in
exposures over time.
Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option
Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
Comparable to
Malaysia
Pros
This applicable to the
capacity and preparedness
of healthcare facilities to
deal with major disease
outbreaks as it isto large-
scale power outages or a
wide-ranging cyberattack.
Cons – Challenging in
Data Shortages,
Analytical impediments,
resource constraints and
conflicting perspectives.
-Over period of time risk is
likely to increase while
resilience is likely to decline.
Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
e Discuss
14 Mobilizing Government
Capabilities
Centralized Ownership
Generate a coherent view of
different risks;
-type of impact
-time horizon
-responsibilities
-response planning
Focus on civil contingencies,
especially natural disaster.
Primary focus of the national risk
unit remains citizan welfare and
the general functioning of social
and economic infrastructure
(exhibit 5)
Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option
e Discuss
Comparable to
Malaysia
Pros
Can blend rigor, consensus
and agility in the pursuit of
national resilient
Cons;
Siloed responsibilities for
major risks can result in a
narrow understanding of
impacts and suboptimal
solutions.
Training risk leads in line to
enrich analyses and
responses and facilitating
ways where there are
competing perspectives
Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
Comparable to
Malaysia
15 A SMOOTH-RUNNING AND
NIMBLE ECOSYSTEM

Goog coordination between key Pros

participants at all levels of
government – achieving country-
level resilience
Exhibit 6 – National Resilience
Stakeholder Ecosystem
Engaging diverse views.
Experts and stakeholders
exposure of different entities
and their current or likely
future resilient, based on the
availablity and affordability
of effective solutions.

17 AUTHORITY, OVERSIGHT, AND Cons

ACCOUNTABILITY Stress tests may struggle in
the face of novel,
Exhibit 7 technology-based risk (from
pervasive fake news to
poorly controlled artificial
intelligence) or even
traditional-sounding risks
(such as public health
emergencies or food security
challenges) that may
manifest very differently to
previous instances.

Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
e Discuss Comparable to
Malaysia
20 IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC
INITIATIVES
 Pros
21 Fiscal and Financial Resilient -Mitigating the need to
Exhibit 8 divert national reserves and
lightening sovereign rating
and foreign exchange
impacts.
-speed payouts to affected
parties and enable
rebuilding.

Cons
-post-hoc emergency
fundraising (such as national
budget reallocation, tax
hikes and loans from
multilateral institutions and
individual countries) may not
only take time to arrive but
also spark societal
discontent and international
political difficulties due to
the associated terms and
conditions

Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
e Discuss Comparable to
Malaysia
21 INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT

Analyses repeatedly suggest that Pros

pre-emptive investment in
 defense and adaptations is
several times more efficient
economically than post-incident
expenditure on disaster recovery;

Helps lessen the suffering and

human loss in catastrophic
events. Cons

Apply Cost Benefit Analyses (Such

as US and France) will have
stronger view on worthwhile
investments (see Exhibit 9)

Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
e Discuss Comparable to
Malaysia
23 Countering BROADER POLICY
rapidly OPPORTUNITIES
declining
biodiversity,
 soil quality Promoting Citizen Vigilance
erosion, ocean
cleanliness, and Cyber-Awarenes Campaign
escalating
migration Information Sharing
crises, reversals
of long-held
approaches and
new forms of
international
ccoperation are
4 necessary

Rapid
Technological
advances

Natural Hazards

Pag Strategic Issues Important to Step taken / Option Pros & Cons Strategic Issues POA for Malaysia
e Discuss Comparable to
Malaysia
26 Bold thinking INNOVATION, AGILITY AND
and LEADERSHIP
determined
implementation
are vital for
overcoming
inertia
generated by
deep
uncertainties
and competing
priorities