UNIT 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE (-STUDENTS)

VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION

Quy tắc và cách phát âm đuôi -ED
Có 3 cách phát âm đuôi -ED là: /ɪd/ , /t/ hay /d/. -ED sẽ được đọc là /t/ (vô thanh) hoặc /d/ (hữu thanh) phụ
thuộc vào âm kết thúc của động từ là âm vô thanh hay âm hữu thanh.
m vô thanh: Nghĩa là những âm mà cổ họng bạn không rung khi bạn nói. Bạn đặt tay lên cổ họng và phát âm
chữ P. Bạn sẽ nhận thấy âm này bật ra bằng hơi từ miệng mà không phải từ cổ họng.
Âm hữu thanh: Nghĩa là những âm mà khi nói, chúng ta sẽ sử dụng dây thanh quản và tạo ra âm trong cổ. Bạn
có thể đặt tay lên cổ họng và phát âm chữ L. Bạn sẽ nhận thấy cổ hơi rung rung. Đó chính là âm hữu thanh.

Quy tắc 1: -ED đọc là /ɪd/

Một động từ tận cùng bằng /t/ hay /d/ thì -ed sẽ được đọc là /ɪd/. Vì một chữ đã tận cùng là ‘t’ và ‘d’ thì chúng
ta không thể đọc là /t/ hoặc /d/ được. Bởi lẽ người nghe sẽ rất khó nhận biết. Hơn nữa khó có thể đọc 2 âm ‘t’
hoặc 2 âm ‘d’ kế bên nhau.
– Ví dụ: Wanted /ˈwɒn.tɪd/, Needed /ˈniː.dɪd/, Added /ædɪd/,…
Quy tắc 2: -ED đọc là /t/
Nếu một từ kết thúc bằng một âm vô thanh, thì -ed sẽ được đọc theo cách vô thanh. Nghĩa là chúng ta sẽ đọc
thành /t/. Cụ thể, những từ kết thúc bằng các âm: /ʧ/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /p/, /θ/, /∫/ thì -ed sẽ được đọc là /t/.
– Ví dụ: Watched /wɒtʃt/, Missed /mɪst/, Hoped /hoʊpt/, Coughed /kɔːft/, Fixed /fɪkst/,…
Quy tắc 3: -ED đọc là /d/
Nếu một từ kết thúc bằng một âm hữu thanh, thì -ed sẽ được đọc theo cách hữu thanh. Nghĩa là những âm
đuôi không thuộc quy tắc 1 và quy tắc 2 thì ta sẽ đọc là /d/.
– Ví dụ: Lived /lɪvd/, Allowed /əˈlaʊd/,…
Các trường hợp ngoại lệ về phát âm đuôi ED
Đuôi -ED trong các động từ sau khi sử dụng như tính từ sẽ được phát âm là /ɪd/. Một số từ ngoại lệ như: aged,
blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, naked, ragged, wicked, wretched.
í dụ: An aged man /ɪd/, A blessed nuisance /ɪd/, A dogged persistence /ɪd/,…
Nhưng khi sử dụng như động từ, ta áp dụng quy tắc phát âm thông thường như các quy tắc ở trên nhé.
Ví dụ: He aged quickly /d/, He blessed me /t/, They dogged him /d/, He has learned well /d/.
Lưu ý:
Một số từ kết thúc bằng -ed được dùng làm tính từ/danh từ, đuôi -ed được phát âm là /id/:
1. aged /eɪdʒid/ (a): cao tuổi, lớn tuổi
aged /eɪdʒd/ (Vpast): trở nên già, làm cho già cỗi
2. blessed /blesid/ (a): thần thánh, thiêng liêng
3. crooked /krʊkid/ (a): cong, oằn, vặn vẹo

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 4. dogged /dɒɡdi / (a): gan góc, gan lì, bền bỉ
5. naked /neikid/ (a): trơ trụi, trần truồng
6. learned /lɜːnid/ (a): có học thức, thông thái, uyên bác
learned /lɜːnd/ (Vpast): học
7. ragged /ræɡid / (a): rách tả tơi, bù xù
8. wicked /wikid/ (a): tinh quái, ranh mãnh, nguy hại
9. wretched /ˈretʃɪd/ (a): khốn khổ, bần cùng, tồi tệ
10. beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ (a): yêu thương
11. cursed /kɜːst/ (a): tức giận, khó chịu
12. rugged /ˈrʌɡɪd/ (a): xù xì, gồ ghề
13. sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd / (a): thiêng liêng, trân trọng
14. legged /ˈleɡɪd / (a): có chân
15. hatred /ˈheɪtrɪd / (a): lòng hận thù
16. crabbed /ˈkræbid / (a): càu nhàu, gắt gỏng
Exercise 1: Say the following words out loud and the put them in the correct column according to the
sound of the adjective or regular past “ed”
amazed listened danced stopped reiterated pleased
boasted looked delighted wanted pointed packed
asked naked drained tripped shouted played
covered opened laughed wasted screamed placed

/t/ /d/ /id/

Exericse 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
1. A. arrived B. believed C. received D. hoped
2. A. opened B. knocked C. played D. occurred
3. A. rubbed B. tugged C. stopped D. filled
4. A. dimmed B. travelled C. passed D. stirred
5. A. tipped B. begged C. quarrelled D. carried
6. A. tried B. obeyed C. cleaned D. asked
7. A. packed B. added C. worked D. pronounced
8. A. watched B. phoned C. referred D. followed
9. A. agreed B. succeeded C. smiled D. loved
10. A. laughed B. washed C. helped D. weighed
11. A. walked B. ended C. started D. wanted
12. A. killed B. hurried C. regretted D. planned
13. A. visited B. showed C. wondered D. studied

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14. A. sacrificed B. finished C. fixed D. seized
15. A. needed B. booked C. stopped D. washed
16. A. loved B. teased C. washed D. rained
17. A. packed B. punched C. pleased D. pushed
18. A. filled B. naked C. suited D. wicked
19. A. caused B. increased C. practised D. promised
20. A. washed B. parted C. passed D. barked
21. A. killed B. cured C. crashed D. waived
22. A. imagined B. released C. rained D. followed
23. A. called B. passed C. talked D. washed
24. A. landed B. needed C. opened D. wanted
25. A. cleaned B. attended C. visited D. started
26. A. talked B. fished C. arrived D. stepped
27. A. wished B. wrapped C. laughed D. turned
28. A. considered B. rescued C. pulled D. roughed
29. A. produced B. arranged C. checked D. fixed
30. A. caused B. examined C. operated D. advised
31. A. discovered B. destroyed C. developed D. opened
32. A. repaired B. invented C. wounded D. succeeded
33. A. improved B. parked C. broadened D. encouraged
34. A. delivered B. organized C. replaced D. obeyed
35. A. painted B. provided C. protected D. equipped
36. A. tested B. marked C. presented D. founded
37. A. used B. finished C. married D. rained
38. A. allowed B. dressed C. flashed D. mixed
39. A. switched B. stayed C. believed D. cleared
40. A. recommended B. waited C. handed D. designed
41. A. annoyed B. phoned C. watched D. remembered
42. A. hurried B. decided C. planned D. wondered
43. A. posted B. added C. managed D. arrested
44. A. dreamed B. neglected C. denied D. admired
45. A. admitted B. advanced C. appointed D. competed
46. A. announced B. apologized C. answered D. argued

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47. A. complained B. applied C. compared D. polished
48. A. booked B. watched C. jogged D. developed
49. A. contributed B. jumped C. introduced D. vanished
50. A. whispered B. wandered C. sympathized D. sentenced
51. A. worked B. wanted C. stopped D. asked
52. A. opened B. knocked C. played D. occurred
53. A. talked B. watched C. lived D. stopped
54. A. covered B. installed C. described D. decorated
55. A. claimed B. warned C. occurred D. existed
56. A. carried B. looked C. managed D. opened
57. A. pleased B. smoked C. stopped D. missed
58. A. waited B. mended C. objected D. faced
59. A. pleased B. erased C. increased D. amused
60. A. arrived B. believed C. received D. hoped
VOCABULARY
Ex I: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined
1. A. carrot B. candy C. patience D. cook
2. A. keep B. know C. knife D. knight
3. A. watch B. chemistry C. change D. children
4. A. healthy B. weather C. together D. these
5. A. invite B. find C. mind D. chin
6. A. luck B. trumpet C. curious D. hug
7. A. rubbish B. huge C. mug D. sum
8. A. horror B. actor C. lorry D. mirror
9. A. recycle B. elderly C. daily D. dizzy
10. 10.A. kangaroo B. goose C. choose D. flood
Ex II: Choose the phrases that match the pictures below
Homeless people Clean the streets Plant trees Disabled people
Volunteer work Elderly people Flooded area Donate blood

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

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Ex III: Put the words in the right groups
environment, benefit, provide, activity, donate, homeless, encourage, charitable, protect,
community, project, problem, disabled, traffic, organization, public, program, wonderful

Noun Verb Adjective

Ex V: Match
1.plant a. the health
2.recycle b. clothes and money
3.improve c. relatives and friends
4.clean d. rubbish
5.collect e. old and weak people
6.donate f. trees
7.help g. the streets
8.visit h. old bottles
Ex VI: Add more words to each list
1. Recycle: glass,……………………………………………………………………………….
2. Donate: money,…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Collect: stamps,…………………………………………………………………………….
4. Help: elderly people,……………………………………………………………………..
5. Visit: grandparents,……………………………………………………………………….
6. Clean: the house,…………………………………………………………………………..
Ex VII: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the word provided
1. We have just seen an ………………….……film. INTEREST
2. George looks ………………….because he has a bad mark. HAPPY
3. Does he enjoy………………….stamps? COLLECT
4. …………………people have no home to stay in. HOME
5. He is a volunteer because he is willing to help other people without…………………….PAY
6. My idol is a famous …………………….in the world. ACT
7. Be ……..…………! The dishes are going to fall. CARE
Ex VIII: Choose one word that has different word form from others
1. A. environment B. protect C. encourage D. donate
2. A. rubbish B. litter C. recycle D. garbage
3. A. benefit B. service C. program D. provide
4. A. community B. charitable C. project D. service
5. A. clothes B. money C. donate D. medicine
6. A. amazing B. organization C. individual D. member
7. A. careful B. transport C. homeless D. disabled
Ex IX: Fill in the gaps with the words in the box
project flooded offer donating
transport homeless reduce areas
1. We are helping people in …………………areas in Vietnam.
2. What can the government do to …………………..traffic jam in big cities?

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 3. The government can encourage people to use more public………..……….to reduce traffic jams.
4. How about ………..books and clothes to the children in remote areas?
5. Our class started a community …………..….…..in Hanoi last year.
6. The group plant more trees in public ………..…..where the whole neighborhood can enjoy them.
7. Last week my friends and I cooked a meal at a shelter for ………..………youths and families.
8. Some young people …………………. meals at 15,000 VND for the poor people in their province.
Ex X: Make a sentence with the given word
1. Donate
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Recycle
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Plant
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Clean
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Encourage
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Help
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex XI: Choose the best answer
1. Community service is the work you do for the ……………..of the community.
A. problems B. solutions C. benefits D. causes
2. I’m a member of a …………………..that helps street children.
A. organization B. show C. talk D. programme
3. I’m sure that the project will ………………..a big difference.
A. make B. have C. do D. take
4. It is a non-profit organization that ………………..the environment.
A. provides B. protects C. helps D. supports
5. My classmates and I have ……………..books and old clothes for street children.
A. used B. had C. collected D. carried
6. There are many activities that individuals or organizations ……………..to benefit the community.
A. do B. have C. take D. make
7. The young people love doing volunteer…………………..in the countryside.
A. task B. job C. work D. responsibility
8. My brother sometimes …………………blood at a local hospital.
A. raises B. provides C. helps D. donates
9. Traditional volunteer activities include ………………money for people in need.
A. raising B. helping C. making D. borrowing
10.She loves ……………………postcards and selling them in the market.
A. having B. giving C. cutting D. making
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG KỸ NĂNG
B. KỸ NĂNG
DO YOU KNOW?
WHAT US COMUNITY SERVICE
• Community service is a non-paying job performed by one person or a group of people for the
benefit of their community or its institutions. Community service is different from volunteering,
since it is not always performed on a voluntary basis.
• Community service is a non-paying job performed by one person or a group of people for the
benefit of their community or its institutions.
• It may be performed for a variety of reasons like citizenship requirements, a substitution of
criminal justice punishments, requirements of a school or class, and requirements for the receipt of
certain benefits.
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KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC (READING SKILLS)
I - Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
VOLUNTEERING TO HELP DESERT ANIMALS
Cameron Oliver had a passion for the welfare of desert animals. He received the Abu Dhabi Award as a
com¬munity hero for his contributions to society. However, the biggest reason for his fame may be that he was
very small. He was only 11 years old when he began his own campaign to save camels from eating plastic. “I
found out that camels are eating rubbish people leave behind and it’s killing them,” says the South African boy.
“I love animals, so when I saw how the camels were dying, I thought I had to do something and make a
difference to save them.”
He was very excited about receiving this award. He said, “My life changed after I received the award, because it
opened a lot of doors for me. Many people contacted and helped me promote my campaign.”
(ESL Printables)
1. What did Cameron Oliver start when he was 11 years old?
A. the Abu Dhabi Award B. being a community hero
C. a campaign to save camels D. a camel farm
2. In line 2, what does the word “contributions” mean?
A. changes in something that make it worse
B. awards that somebody gets
C. things that are added to something else
D. actions that help to cause or increase something
3. The main reason why Cameron Oliver became famous was that_________.
A. he was very intelligent B. he was very young
C. he was very handsome D. he was very friendly
4. According to the text, the main goal of his campaign is to_________.
A. protect camels from eating plastics
B. keep the desert clean
C. create a camel farm
D. protect the environment
5. How did Cameron’s life change after he received the award?
A. He became rich.
B. He did not have to open doors anymore.
C. He was known by more people.
D. He did not have to go to school.
II - Read the passage and decide whether the statements are True (T) or False (F).
Community service is when you work for free to help benefit the public or your community. Usually, students
who choose to do community service do so as volunteers, meaning that they choose to help out because they
want to do so. Community service can have a lot of positive effects on students, such as helping them to
develop skills, making contacts, and allowing them to improve the quality of life of others.
You probably know some students In your school who choose to volunteer their free time through community
service. There are many ways that you can do this, such as joining a non-profit organization, working with a
church group, or you can choose a cause and create your own service project.
Volunteer work can range from the relatively simple, like helping coach the football team at your old junior
high, to the much more complex, like starting a non-profit that helps homeless people in your area.
1. Students often do community service as volunteers. 
2. Community service allows them to improve the quality of life of others. 
3. No students choose to volunteer their free time through community service. 
4. Joining a non-profit organization is the only way to do community service. 
5. There are many types of volunteer work, both simple and complex ones. 
KỸ NĂNG NGHE (LISTENING SKILLS)
Exercise 1: Listen and complete the text. (Track 05)
VOLUNTEERING IS GOOD FOR YOUR MIND AND BODY

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 Volunteering provides many (1) ............................ to both mental and (2) ............................ health.
Volunteering combats (3) ............................ . Volunteering keeps you in regular contact with others and helps you
develop a solid support system, which (4) ............................ you against depression.
Volunteering makes you happy. By measuring hormones and (5) ............................ activity, researchers have
discovered that being (6) ............................ to others delivers immense pleasure. Human beings are hard-wired to
give to others. The more we give, the happier we feel.
Volunteering increases (7)......................... . You are doing good things for others and the community, which
provides a natural sense ofaccomplishment. Your (8) ............................ as a volunteer can also give you a sense of
(9) ............................ and identity. And the better you feel about yourself, the more likely you are to have a
(10) ............................ view of your life and future goals.
Exercise 2: Listen and complete the sentences with no more than 3 words. (Track 06)
1. The shop is called “Tinh Thuong ............................”
2. If you do volunteer work at Tinh Thuong Charity, you can meet ............................ and have ............................
3. Tinh Thuong Charity has more than 10,000 ............................
4. Tinh Thuong Charity has 500 ............................
5. Tinh Thuong Charity fund is to help ............................ and ............................ children and young people.
6. Some volunteers do their volunteer work ............................ hours a week, some do ............................ hours a
week.
7. One of the volunteer work at Tinh Thuong Charity is to ask and answer the phone for ............................ questions.
8. As a volunteer of Tinh Thuong Charity, you can improve your ............................ skills such as problem solving
ability, and customer service skill.
KỸ NĂNG NÓI (SPEAKING SKILLS)
Think about a problem in your city/ the city nearby. Then talk about volunteer activities that you can do
to help solve the problem.
You can use the following questions as cues:
• What is the problem?
• What are the effects of the problem?
• What volunteer activities can you do to solve the problem?
Useful languages:
Useful vocabulary Useful structures
• so much litter on streets, uneducated children, too • There is so much...on/at...
many cars on the road, heavy floods • This is a...because...
• pollute the environment, affect their development, • ...is the cause of...
traffic jams, destroyed houses • ...can encourage..., so it also affects...
• clean up streets and recycle rubbish, donate books • To deal with it, I want to...
and tutor children, direct the traffic, raise money to • I will...to deal with it.
build houses for homeless people • I can also ask if...can...to...
• I will...to...
Complete the notes:
Structures of the talk Your notes
What is the problem? __________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
What are the effects of the problem? __________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
What volunteer activities can you do to __________________________________________
solve the problem? __________________________________________
__________________________________________
Now you try!
Give your answer using the following cues. You should speak for 1-2 minutes.
1. There is so much...on/at...
2. This is a...because...

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3. ...can encourage..., so it also affects...
4. To deal with it, I want to...
5. I can also ask if...can...to...
Now you tick!
Did you ...
 answer all the questions in the task?
 give some details to each main point?
 speak slowly and fluently with only some hesitation?
 use vocabulary wide enough to talk about the topic?
 use various sentence structures (simple, compound, complex) accurately?
 pronounce correctly (vowels, consonants, stress, intonation)?
Let’s compare!
Finally, compare with the sample answer on page 164.
KỸ NĂNG VIẾT (WRITING SKILLS)
I- Complete each of the following sentences using the cues given. You can change the cues and use other
words in addition to the cues to complete the sentences.
1. We/ take/ part/ a clean-up campaign/ last week.
→ ________________________________________________________
2. We/ removed/ litter/ public areas/ such as/ streets/ parks.
→ ________________________________________________________
3. We/ also/ planted/ many/ tree/ along the roads/ the city.
→ ________________________________________________________
4. This/ volunteer activity/ help/ keep the environment/ safe/ clean/ healthy.
→ ________________________________________________________
5. I/ like/ do/ this activity/ because/ it/ give/ me/ a chance/ contribute/ the community.
→ ________________________________________________________

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