2019 RACI AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL CHEMISTRY QUIZ YEAR 11

DATA

TABLE 1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES (RAMS) IN ATOMIC MASS UNITS

Element H C N O F Cl Ca

RAM 1.008 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 35.45 40.08

TABLE 2 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Avogadro constant 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 Molar gas constant 8.31 J K-1 mol-1

TABLE 3 UNITS

Prefixes Unit conversions

d deci 10-1 1 L = 1 dm3

c centi 10-2 1 mL = 1 cm3

m milli 10-3 0 C (ice point) = 273.2 K

TABLE 4 STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR GASES

Ideal gas at Temperature Pressure Molar volume

Standard Laboratory
Conditions (SLC) 25.0 C = 298.2 K 100.0 kPa 24.8 dm3 mol-1

GAS LAWS

1. The equation below states the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of an ideal gas
sealed in a container, when there is a change in one or more of these conditions.

P1V1 = P2V2
T1 T2
T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the gas in kelvin
P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures of the gas (measured in same units)
V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes of the gas (measured in same units)

2. The equation below states the following relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature and the amount of an ideal
gas sealed in a container.

PV = nRT
P = pressure of gas in pascals (Pa) V = volume of gas in cubic metres (m3)
n = amount of gas, in moles (mol) R = molar gas constant (see Table 2)
T = temperature of gas in kelvin (K)

pH SCALE

pH is a measure of the acidity of water and aqueous solutions. It is defined by the relationship pH = -log10[H+] where
[H+] = concentration of hydrogen ions in mol dm-3. This relationship can be transformed to [H+] = 10–pH.
The pH scale can be represented as shown below.
Question 1
Which element on the Periodic Table is present in Nature as charged ions that have the electronic configuration 2, 8 (according
to the Bohr model of the atom)?

A. Element 17 B. Element 14 C. Element 12 D. Element 10

Question 2

Carbon fibres are sometimes called graphite fibres because of their strong
crystalline filaments that are based on the interlocking rings of carbon
atoms found in the layers of graphite.

Carbon fibres are stronger and stiffer and yet lighter than steel and smaller
than a human hair, as shown in Figure 1. As well, they have high chemical
resistance and can tolerate high temperatures. For this reason they are
widely used by engineers, designers and manufacturers.
Figure 1. A carbon fibre compared with a human hair.

What kind of chemical bonding holds carbon atoms together in the rings of carbon atoms that make up carbon fibres?

A. metallic B. covalent C. ionic D. dispersion forces (Van der Waals)

Question 3

The following molecular formulas represent members of the same family of hydrocarbons.

C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 C5H10

To which hydrocarbon family do they belong?

A. alkanes B. alkenes C. cyclic alkanes D. alkynes

Question 4

Table 5 states some properties of four different metals: iron, potassium, magnesium and lead.

Table 5
Metal Melting point Boiling point Density Number of possible Reactivity with water
( C) ( C) (g cm-3) oxidation states
(including zero)
I 328 1749 11.3 3 Does not react
II 650 1091 1.74 2 Reacts slowly
III 1538 2862 7.9 3 Reacts very slowly
IV 63 759 0.89 2 Reacts violently

The metals I, II, III and IV are, respectively

A. Fe, Pb, Mg, K B. Pb, Fe, K, Mg C. Mg, Fe, Pb, K D. Pb, Mg, Fe, K

Question 5

Figure 2 shows the possible changes of state that a pure sample of water can undergo.

Figure 2. Possible changes of state of pure water.

An endothermic process or reaction is one in which heat energy is absorbed, while an exothermic process or reaction is one in
which heat energy is released.

Which numbered arrows represent endothermic processes?

A. 3, 6, 1 B. 5, 2, 4 C. 5, 6, 4 D. 3, 1, 2
Question 6

The Pauling scale of electronegativities measures the electron-attracting power of the atoms of an element within a compound.
Table 6 lists the electronegativities of some elements on this scale.

Table 6
Element C H Br

Electronegativity 2.55 2.20 2.96

In a molecule of a compound, the shared electrons that make up a given covalent bond are more attracted to the atom that has
the greater electronegativity. This is termed a polar bond. The greater the difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms, the
more polar is the bond. A molecule that contains one or more polar bonds is classified as polar. However, if the molecule is
symmetrical, the forces of attraction on the bonding electrons ‘cancel’ each other out and the molecule is classified as non-polar.

Which one of the following molecules will be non-polar?

A. CH3Br B. CH2Br2 C. CHBr3 D. CBr4

Question 7

A pure sample of an unknown gas was collected in a sealed container at a certain temperature and pressure. Its volume and
mass were measured. The results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7
Mass of sample Volume of sample Temperature Pressure

0.126 g 5.50 x 10-5 m3 100 C 1.00 x 105 Pa

The unknown gas is most likely to be

A. F2 B. O2 C. Cl2 D. N2

Question 8

Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is a strong diprotic acid.

What is the pH of a 0.010 M solution of H2SO4?

A. 10–1.7 B. 1.7 C. 0.020 D. – 1.7

Question 9

Table 8 shows the four possible structural isomers of the alcohol with the molecular formula C4H9OH.

Table 8

Semi-structural formula CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3C(CH3)(OH)CH3 CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3

IUPAC systematic name butan-1-ol 2-methylpropan-2-ol X Y

The systematic names X and Y must be

X Y
A. 2-methylpropan-1-ol butan-2-ol
B. 2-methylpropan-3-ol butan-3-ol
C. 2-methylpropan-1-ol butan-3-ol
D. 2-methylpropan-3-ol butan-2-ol

Question 10
Which one of the following overall chemical equations DOES NOT represent an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

A. C2H4(g) + Cl2(g) → CH2ClCH2Cl(l)

B. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
C. HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → HNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
D. Ni(s) + CuSO4(aq) → NiSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Question 11

‘Mohr’s salt’ is the common name of ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate,

(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26H2O. This is a naturally occurring salt that is often called mohrite,
and is used to measure gamma rays.

When this salt is heated gently to 200 C for sufficient time, all of the water of
crystallisation evaporates out of it, forming anhydrous ammonium iron(II) sulfate,
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.

M [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26H2O] = 392.1 g mol-1

Figure 3. Crystals of Mohr’s salt.

A 1.00 kg sample of Mohr’s salt is heated gently to constant mass to ensure that all of the water of crystallisation is removed.

What mass of the anhydrous crystals will be produced?

A. 276 g B. 381g C. 724 g D. 954 g

Question 12
Which one of the following samples contains the greatest amount of atoms, in mol?
A. 100 g H2O B. 100 g of CH4 C. 100 g of Cl2 D. 100 g of NH3

Question 13

In August 2017 the world record for the largest explosive soap bubble was broken by a
chemistry teacher in Australia. The record now stands at 41 cm in diameter. Figure 4 shows the
bubble just before it burst.

This bubble had a total volume of 36 000 cm 3. The temperature of the classroom at the time was
25.0 C, and the pressure was 100 kPa.

The bubble contained a mixture of 50.0 % methane, 25.0 % propane and 25.0 % air, by volume. Figure 4. World’s largest
explosive soap bubble.

How many molecules of methane were in the bubble just before it burst?
A. 4.37 x 1023 B. 8.67 x 1023 C. 8.75 x 1023 D. 7.26 x 1025

Questions 14 and 15 refer to the following information.

The mass spectrum of an element shows the number of isotopes of

that element, their relative masses and the relative abundance
(amount) of each isotope.

This can be used to deduce its relative atomic mass, which is the
weighted mean of the masses of all its isotopes. That is, it takes
into account their relative abundances.

Figure 5 shows the mass spectrum of a hypothetical element X.

The value m/z is the mass to charge ratio of each isotope of X,
where z is the charge on the ions produced in the mass
spectrometer. For this set of peaks we assume z = 1, since most of
the ions will have a 1+ charge. Figure 5. The mass spectrum of Element X.

Question 14

The percentage of atoms of X with a relative isotopic mass of 70 is

A. 23 % B. 25 % C. 30 % D. 60 %

Question 15

The relative atomic mass of Element X is closest to

A. 72.00 amu B. 72.25 amu C. 72.38 amu D. 74.00 amu

Questions 16 and 17 refer to the following information.

In nuclear reactions, only the nuclei of atoms are involved. The following equation represents an example of a nuclear reaction.
This reaction occurs when radioactive carbon-14 nuclei break down to form more stable nuclei.

14
C → 14
N + 0
β
6 7 -1

In nuclear equations, both the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) and the total charge must balance. In this
example, the total number of nucleons on each side is 14, and the total charge on each side is +6.

The first product shows that a neutron in the carbon-14 nucleus must have been changed to a proton. The second product, known
as a -particle (beta particle), is a very high-energy electron. This process is called -decay.

When the radioactive uranium-238 nucleus breaks down, a series of nuclear reactions occurs until a stable nucleus is produced.
The end part of this radioactive series is shown below. Only the main product is shown.

X → 210
Po → 206
Pb
84 82

The first stage involves beta decay. The second stage involves the emission of an -particle (alpha particle).

Question 16

Particle X must be
209Pb 210Bi 210Tl 211Pb
A. B. C. D.
82 83 81 82

Question 17

Alpha particles must have the formula

1H 1n 0e 4He
A. B. C. D.
1 0 1 2

Question 18

Phosgene, COCl2, reacts with ethanol, C2H5OH, according to the following equation.

COCl2(g) + 2C2H5OH(g) → (C2H5O)2CO(g) + 2HCl(g)

100 cm3 of COCl2 gas is mixed with 100 cm3 of ethanol vapour in a sealed container. A reaction occurs, during which the
temperature and pressure are held constant.

What is the final volume of gases in the container after the reaction is complete?

A. 200 cm3 B. 150 cm3 C. 100 cm3 D. 50 cm3

Question 19
What volume of 0.150 M HCl solution would exactly neutralise 25.0 cm 3 of 0.150 M Ba(OH)2 solution?
A. 6.25 cm3 B. 12.5 cm3 C. 25.0 cm3 D. 50.0 cm3

Question 20

Green chemists compare the amount of waste produced in different manufacturing processes by calculating their percentage
atom economy. The formula for calculating percentage atom economy is shown below.

Percentage atom economy = total mass of desired product x 100

total mass of reactants l

The net reaction for producing ‘quicklime’, CaO, from limestone for cement-making is

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

What is the percentage atom economy of this reaction? (Assume 1 mol CaCO3 reacts.)

A. 43.97 % B. 50.00 % C. 56.03 % D. 100.0 %

Question 21
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of perchloric acid and an unknown oxide of phosphorus is shown below

12HClO4(aq) + 1Q(g) → 4H3PO4(aq) + 6Cl2O7(aq)

To complete and balance the equation, which of the following compounds must Q represent?

A. P2O3 B. P2O6 C. P4O7 D. P4O10

Question 22

Figure 6 shows the effect of temperature on the solubility of different mineral salts.

.
Figure 6. Graph of the solubility of different mineral salts against temperature.

Which of the following can be deduced from the graph?

A. Heating NaCl solution makes little difference to how much solid NaCl can dissolve.
B. Potassium compounds are more soluble than the equivalent sodium compounds.
C. There is no maximum mass of salt that can be dissolved in 100 g of water.
D. The solubility of all mineral salts increases with increasing temperature.

Question 23

Four beakers each contain 100 cm3 of 0.1 M NaOH solution. A pH meter is inserted into each beaker. To each beaker, one of the
following substances is added. The four different mixtures are then stirred. It was observed that three of the substances that were
added to the NaOH solution caused its pH to drop.

Which substance did NOT cause the pH to drop?

A. 0.1 M Ba(OH)2 solution B. 0.1 M NH3 solution C. 0.1 M CH3COOH solution D. water

Question 24

The concentration of sodium ions in the body fluids of a healthy freshwater clam should be 319.7 ppm (m/v). This means it should
be 319.7 gram per million cubic centimetres.

What is this concentration in mg dm-3?

A. 319 700 mg dm-3 B. 319.7 mg dm-3 C. 3.197 mg dm-3 D. 0.3197 mg dm-3

Question 25

This year, 2019, has been designated the Year of the Periodic Table. Which of the following properties of the uncharged atoms of
the Group 16 elements increases as you go down the group.

A. The electronegativity of the element.

B. The number of electrons in the outermost occupied shell.
C. The ability of the element to donate an electron to an oxidising agent.
D. The first ionisation energy (the amount of energy required to remove one electron from the atom).

Question 26

When steam is mixed with ethene, CH2=CH2, over a solid H3PO4 catalyst, ethanol, CH3CH2OH is produced.

Which one of these classifications applies to this reaction?

A. substitution B. redox C. esterification D. addition

Questions 27 and 28 refer to the following information.

Metal displacement reactions are oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions in which a metal reduces the ions of a metal that is a
weaker reducing agent. Table 9 ranks some metals in terms of their strength as reducing agents.

Table 9 The relative strengths of certain metals as reducing agents, and of their ions as oxidising agents

Ag+(aq) + e– ⇌ Ag(s) This table can be use to predict whether

a metal will react with a solution of a
 Increasing strength of metal ion as an oxidising compound of a different metal.
Cu2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Cu(s) agent.
A reaction will only occur if the metal is a
Pb2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Pb(s) stronger reducing agent than the metal
present in the metal compound.
Fe2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Fe(s)
 Increasing strength of metal as a reducing agent. Note: A metal will not react with its
conjugate oxidising agent. For example,
Zn2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Zn(s) Ag will not react with a solution
containing Ag+ ions.

For example, if a lump of zinc is added to a solution containing copper(II) ions, very soon crystals of copper metal form on its
surface. This is because Zn metal reduces the Cu2+ ions to copper metal. In the process the Cu2+ ions oxidise the zinc metal. The
transfer of electrons between the Zn metal and the Cu2+ ions can be used to generate an electric current in a kind of battery
known as a galvanic cell, as long as they are separated. The galvanic cell is shown in Figure 7.

Electrons travel through the wire from the zinc metal to

the Cu2+ ions at the surface of the copper electrode in
the other half-cell. The movement of ions in the
solutions and the salt bridge completes the circuit.

At the surface of the copper electrode the reaction

occurring is

Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s)

At the zinc electrode the reaction occurring is

Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e–

Figure 7. A typical galvanic cell.
The net cell reaction is
Each side of the cell is called a half-cell.
The Zn2+ solution is colourless while the Cu2+ solution is blue. Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)

Question 27

Which statement about the galvanic cell in Figure 7 is TRUE? As the cell runs

A. electrons will be travelling through the wire from the copper electrode towards the zinc electrode.
B. the Cu2+ ions are acting as the oxidising agent in the net cell reaction.
C. the total mass of each electrode will not change.
D. the colour of the Cu2+ solution will not change.

Question 28

A student replaces the half-cell on the left of Figure 7 with one containing Ag+ solution and a silver electrode.

Which statement is NOT TRUE? In this galvanic cell

A. the copper electrode will start to look as though it has been ‘eaten away’.
B. electrons will travel through the wire from the copper electrode to the silver electrode.
C. the copper metal will act as the reducing agent and the Ag+ ions will act as the oxidising agent.
D. the colour of the Cu2+ solution in the half-cell on the right will change from bright blue to colourless.
Questions 29 and 30 refer to the following information.

Sodium thiosulfate solution, Na2S2O3, reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sulfur, which causes the mixture to turn cloudy.
The equation for this reaction is shown below.

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)

A pair of students set up an experiment to test whether the concentration of the Na2S2O3 was related to the rate of this reaction.
They set up five different beakers for five trials. Each beaker contained 5.0 mL of the supplied HCl solution, and a different
concentration of the supplied Na2S2O3 solution. The beakers were placed over a piece of paper on which a cross was drawn, as
shown in Figures 8 and 9. The students measured the time taken for each cross to ‘disappear’, as shown in Figure 10. Table 10
shows the students’ results.

Figure 10. Timing stops the

Figure 8. The experimental set-up.
Figure 9. At the moment the
moment the cross completely
reactants are mixed, the mixture is
disappears from view, due to the
clear when viewed from above.
production of tiny particles of
Timing starts now.
sulfur.

Table 10 Experimental results

Measurement Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

Volume Na2S2O3 solution (cm3) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0

Volume HCl solution added (cm3) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Volume water added (cm3) 0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

Time taken for cross to ‘disappear’ (seconds) 32 35 47 75 228

Question 29

Given [Na2S2O3] means concentration of Na2S2O3, in mol dm-3, which of the following is the ONLY conclusion that can be
reasonably drawn from these results?

A. The rate of the reaction only depends on [Na2S2O3].

B. The rate of the reaction increases as [Na2S2O3] increases.
C. The rate of the reaction does not depend on either [Na2S2O3] or [HCl]
D. The rate of the reaction increases as both [Na2S2O3] and [HCl] increase.

Question 30

The students suggested four sources of error in their experiment. These are listed below. Three of these were suitable
suggestions. However, one of their suggestions did not apply to the way they ran their experiment.

Which one DID NOT apply?

A. The beakers used were of different widths.

B. The temperature of the room may have varied.
C. The timing was dependent on human judgement.
D. The acid concentration was not kept at a constant value.

Paper prepared by Jenny Sharwood and Jason Wallace. Reviewed by Dr Adrian George and Jennifer Willis.