QUESTION BANK

By: Er.NIKHIL DUBEY

CLASS XII
CHEMISTRY

CH 1 SOLUTION
Q. 1 State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics of the solution which
obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations.

Q.2 Define the terms ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure as
compared to other colligative properties for the determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions?

Q.3 State Henry’s law. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?

Q.4 Write 4 differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal solution.

Q.5 Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example

Q.6 What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added to 5.50 kg of water to lower the
freezing point of water from 0 to – 10.0°0 (kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).

Q.7 A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution
has a boiling point of 100.42°C while pure water boils at 100°C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make the
solution?
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1)

Q.8 Calculate the amount of KCI which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point is depressed by 2 K.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)

Q.9 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10-2 g of K2SO4 in 2 L of water at 25°C,
assuming that it is completely dissociated. (CBSE Delhi 2013)
(R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol-1)

Q.10 A solution containing 15 g urea(molar mass = 60 g mol-1) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic
pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present
in one litre of its solution.

CH 2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Q.1 The cell in which the following reaction occurs: 2Fe3+ (aq) + 2I– (aq) —> 2Fe2+ (aq) +I2 (s) has E°cell=0.236 V at 298
K. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the cell reaction.
Q.2 A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of ZnSO4. The salt is 95% dissociated at this dilution at 298 K. Calculate the
electrode potential. [ E°Zn2+ /Zn = – 0.76 V]
Q.3Following reactions can occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver nitrate solution using Pt
electrodes :

On the basis of their standard electrode potential values, which reaction is feasible at cathode and why?
Q.4 A voltaic cell is set up at 25°C with the following half cells :
Al/Al3+ (0.001 M) and Ni/Ni2+ (0.50 M)
Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the cell generates an electric current and determine the
cell potential. (E0Ni2+/Ni=−0.25V and E0Al3+/Al=−1.66V) (Log 8 × 10-6 = -0.54)
Q.5Calculate emf of the following cell at 25°C :
Fe | Fe2+ (0.001 M) || H+ (0.01 M) | H2(g) (1 bar) | Pt(s)
E0(Fe2+ | Fe) = -0.44 V E0(H+ | H2) = 0.00V

Q.6 Calculate the degree of dissociation (a) of acetic acid if its molar conductivity (Λm) is 39.05 S cm2 mol-1.Given:
λ°(H+) = 349.6 S cm2 mol-1 and λ°(CH3COO–) = 40.9 S cm2 mol-1
Q.7 When a certain conductance cell was filled with 0.1 M KCl, it has a resistance of 85 ohms at 25°C. When the
same cell was filled with an aqueous solution of 0.052 M unknown electrolyte, the resistance was 96 ohms. Calculate
the molar conductance of the electrolyte at this concentration.
[Specific conductance of 0.1 M KCl = 1.29 × 10-2 ohm-1 cm-1]
Q.8 The conductivity of 0.001 M acetic acid is 4 × 10-5 S/m. Calculate the dissociation constant of acetic acid
if Λ0m,for acetic acid is 390 S cm2 mol-1.
Q.9 Define molar conductivity of a substance and describe how for weak and strong electrolytes, molar conductivity
changes with concentration of solute. How is such change explained?
Q.10 State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Write an expression for the molar conductivity of acetic
acid at infinite dilution according to Kohlrausch law.
(b) Calculate Λ°m for acetic acid.
Given that Λ°m (HCl) = 426 S cm2 mol-1
Λ°m (NaCl) = 126 S cm2 mol-1
Λ°m (CH3COONa) = 91 S cm2 mol-1

CH 3 CHEMICAL KINTICS

Q. 1 Define (a) ‘rate of a reaction’ (b) order of a reaction’

Q.2 For a reaction R → P, half-life (t1/2) is observed to be independent of the initial concentration of reactants. What
is the order of reaction? Write the unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction.

Q.3 A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant. How will the rate of reaction be affected if the
concentration of this reactant is (i) doubled, (ii) reduced to half?

Q.4Define the following : (i) Elementary step in a reaction (ii) Complex reaction

Q.5The rate constant for a reaction of zero order in A is 0.0030 mol L-1 s-1. How long will it take for the initial
concentration of A to fall from 0.10 M to 0.075 M?

Q.8 For the reaction

2NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NOCl(g) the following data were collected. All the measurements were taken at 263 K :

Initial Write the expression for rate

Experiment No. Initial [NO](M) Initial rate of tlisa/ipcarance of Cl2 (M/min)
[Cl2](M) law.
1 0.15 0.15 0.60 (b) Calculate the value of rate
constant and specify its units.
2 0.15 0.30 1.20
(c) What is the initial rate of
3 0.30 0.15 2.40
disappearance of Cl2 in exp. 4?
4 0.25 0.25 ?
Q.9 If the half-life period of a
first order reaction in A is 2 minutes, how long will it take [A] to reach 25% of its initial concentration?

CH 4 d and f Block elements

Q.1 Assign a reason for each of the following observations:
(i) The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are hard and have high melting and boiling points.
(ii) The ionization enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements are found to vary
irregularly.
Q.2 How would you account for the following?
(i) The highest oxidation state of a transition metal is usually exhibited in its oxide.
(ii) The oxidising power of the following three oxoions in the series follows the order: vO+2<Cr2O2−7<MnO−4

Q.3 (i) Copper(I) ion is not known to exist in aqueous solutions.

(ii) Both O2 and F2 stabilize high oxidation states of transition metals but the ability of oxygen to do so exceeds that
of fluorine.

Q.4Give reasons : (i) Transition metals show variable oxidation, states.

(ii) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states.

Q.5 Explain the following observations : (i) Copper atom has completely filled d orbitals (3d10) in its ground state, yet
it is regarded as a transition element.
(ii) Cr2+ is a stronger reducing agent than Fe2+ in aqueous solutions.

Q.6How would you account for the following : (i) Many of the transition elements and their compounds can act as
good catalysts.
(ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as those of the
corresponding members of the second series.
(iii) There is a greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than among the lanthanoids.

Q.7 How would you account for the following?

(i) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compounds.
Ch 5 CoOrdination Compound
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these
questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Q.1. Assertion : [Fe(CN)6]3– is weakly paramagnetic while [Fe(CN)6]4– is diamagnetic.
Reason : [Fe(CN)6]3– has +3 oxidation state while [Fe(CN)6]4– has +2 oxidation state.
Q.2. Assertion : [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless.
Reason : d-d transition is not possible in [Sc(H2O)6]3+.
Q.3 Which of the following ligands form a chelate?
(a) Acetate (b) Oxalate (c) Cyanide (d) Ammonia
Q.4 Correct formulae of tetraaminechloronitroplatinum (IV) sulphate can be written as: (a) [Pt(NH3)4 (ONO) Cl]SO4
(b) [Pt(NH3)4Cl2NO2]2+
(c) [Pt(NH3)4 (NO2) Cl]SO4 (d) [Pt Cl(ONO)NH3(SO4)]
Q.5Which of the following complex species is not expected to exhibit optical isomerism? (a) [Co(en) (NH3)2Cl2]+ (b)
[Co(en)3]3+ (c)[Co(en)2Cl2] (d) [Co(NH3)3Cl3]
Q.6 The hybridisation involved in [Co(C2O4)3] is 3-

(a) sp3d2 (b) sp3d3 (c) dsp2 (d) d2sp3

Section B (2 marks Each)
Q.7 Explain the following cases giving appropriate reasons :
(i) Nickel does not form low spin octahedral complexes.
(ii) The n-complexes are known for the transition metals only.
Q.8 Explain why [Co(NH3)6]3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]2+ is an outer orbital complex. (At. no. Co
= 27, Ni = 28)
Q.9 [Fe (H2O)6]3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe (CN)6]3- is weakly paramagnetic. Explain. (At. no. Fe = 26)
Q. 10 Name the following coordination entities and draw the structures of their stereoisomers :
(i) [Co(en)2Cl2]+ (en = ethan-1, 2-diamine) (ii) [Cr(C2O4)3]3-
Section B (3 marks Each)
Q.11 Write the state of hybridization, the shape and the magnetic behaviour of the following complex entities :
(t) [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl (ii) [Co(en)3]Cl3 (iii) K2[Ni(CN)4]
Q.12 When a coordination compound CoCl3.6NH3 is mixed with AgNO3, 3 moles of AgCl are precipitated per mole of
the compound. Write
(i) Structural formula of the complex
(ii) IUPAC name of the complex
13.Which complex ion is formed when undecomposed AgBr is washed with hypo solution in photography?

14.Which of the following is more stable complex and why? [Co(NH3)6]3+ and [Co(en)3]3+

15. Name the following coordination compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature :
(i) [Co(NH3)4 (H2O)Cl]Cl2 (ii) [CrCl2(en)2]Cl,

16. Describe the shape and magnetic behaviour of following complexes :

(i) [CO(NH3)6]3+ (ii) [Ni(CN)4]2- (At. No. Co = 27, Ni = 28)

17 [Fe(H2O)6]3+is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]3- is weakly paramagnetic. Explain. (At.no.Fe =26)

18. When a co-ordination compound CrCl3.6H2O is mixed with AgNO3, 2 moles of AgCl are precipitated per mole of
the compound. Write (i) Structural formula of the complex.(ii) IUPAC name of the complex.

19. Compare the following complexes with respect to structural shapes of units, magnetic behaviour and hybrid
orbitals involved in units : [Co(NH3)6]+3, [Cr(NH3)6]3+, Ni(CO)4

20. (i) Low spin octahedral complexes of nickel are not known.
(ii) The π-complexes are known for transition elements only.
(iii) CO is a stronger ligand than NH3, for many metals.

21. What is meant by crystal field splitting energy? On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic
configuration of d4 in terms of t2g and eg in an octahedral field when
(i) Δ0 > P (ii) Δ0 < P (All India 2013)

22. a) How is a double salt different from a complex?

(b) Write IUPAC names of the following : (i) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (ii) [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4.

Ch 6 Haloalkanes and HaloArenes

Q. 1 Which one of the following compounds is more reactive towards SN1 reaction?
a. CH2=CHCH2Br b. C6H5CH2Br c. C6H5CH (C6H5)Br d. C6H5CH(CH3) Br
Q.2 In which of the following molecules carbon atom marked with asterisk (*) is asymmetric?

(i) (a), (b), (c), (d) (ii) (a), (b), (c) (iii) (b), (c), (d) (iv) (a), (c), (d)
Q.3 Which is the correct increasing order of boiling points of the following compounds?
1-Bromoethane, 1-Bromopropane, 1-Bromobutane, Bromobenzene
(i) Bromobenzene < 1-Bromobutane < 1-Bromopropane < 1-Bromoethane
(ii) Bromobenzene < 1-Bromoethane < 1-Bromopropane < 1-Bromobutane
(iii) 1-Bromopropane < 1-Bromobutane < 1-Bromoethane < Bromobenzene
(iv) 1-Bromoethane < 1-Bromopropane < 1-Bromobutane < Bromobenzene
Note : In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong but reason is correct statement.
(v) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion.
Q.4 Assertion : Presence of a nitro group at ortho or para position increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards
nucleophilic substitution.
Reason : Nitro group, being an electron withdrawing group decreases the electron density over the benzene ring.
Q.5 Assertion : KCN reacts with methyl chloride to give methyl isocyanide
Reason : CN– is an ambident nucleophile.
Q.6 Why is it necessary to avoid even traces of moisture during the use of a Grignard reagent?
Section B ( 2 mark each)
Q.7 Complete the following reaction equations

Q.8 Account for the following:

(i) The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride. (ii) Chloroform is stored in closed
dark brown bottles.
Q.9 What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example
Q.10 How will you carry out the following conversions :
(i) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
(ii) Benzene to p-chloronitrobenzene
Q.10 What happens when
(i) CH3—Cl is treated with aqueous KOH?
(ii) CH3—Br is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether?
Section c ( 3 marks each)
Q.11 Write the major product(s) in the following

Q.12 (i) Write the structural formula of A, B, C and D in the following sequence of reaction:

OR

(ii) Give name reaction (i) Swarts reaction (ii) sandmayer reaction
 Ch 7 alcohol phenol and ether test
Q1.(i) Ortho nitrophenol has lower boiling point than p-nitrophenol. Why ?

(ii) The C-O bond is much shorter in phenol than in ethanol. Give reason.

Q.2 (i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between 2-Pentanol and 3-Pentanol.

(ii) Write the IUPAC name of the following compound: (All India 2017)

Q.3 Illustrate the following reactions giving a chemical equation for each :
(i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Williamsons synthesis of an ether

Q.4 How are the following conversions carried out?

(i) Benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol,
(ii) Methyl magnesium bromide to 2-methylpropan-2-ol

Q.5 Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an alkene to form corresponding alcohol.

Q.6 Explain the following behaviours :

(i) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
(ii) Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.

Q.7 (a) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acid strength: p-cresol, p-nitrophenol,
phenol

(b) (CH3)3C—O—CH3 on reaction with HI gives (CH3)3C—I and CH3—OH as the main products and not (CH3)3C—OH
and CH3—I.

Q.8 How are the following conversions carried out? (3M)

(i) Propene to propan-2-ol (ii) Benzyl chloride to Benzyl alcohol
(iii) Anisole to p-Bromoanisole

Q,9 Write the major product in the following equations (3M)

Ch 8 Aldehede Ketone and Carboxylic acid

Q.1 What is Tollen’s reagent? Write one usefulness of this reagent.
Q.2 Give a chemical test to distinguish between Ethanal and Propanal.
Q.3Give the structure and IUPAC name of the product formed when propanone is reacted with methylmagnesium
bromide followed by hydrolysis.
Q.4Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :
(i) CH3COCH3, C6H5COCH3, CH3CHO (reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction)
(ii) There are two – NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one such group is involved in the formation of
semicarbazones.
(iii) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 4, 6-trimethylcyclohexanone does not.
Q.5Write the equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction (ii) Etard reaction (Delhi 2017) (iii) Clemmensen reduction (iv) Cannizzaro reaction
Q.6Predict the products of the following reactions :
Q.7Write structures of compounds A, B and C in each of the following reactions: (Delhi 2017)
Q.8Complete each synthesis by giving the missing material, reagent or products : (Delhi 2009)
Q.9 Explain the mechanism of a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone.Draw the
structure of Oxime and Schiff base.
Q.10How will you bring about the following conversions?
(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde (ii) Ethanal to but-2-enal (iii) Propanone to propene

Ch 9 AMINES
Q.1 (i) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of basic strength : C6H5NH2, C6H5N(CH3)2,
(C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
(ii) Arrange the following compounds in a decreasing order of pKb values : C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5)2NH and
C6H5NH (Comptt. Delhi 2014)
(iii) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their solubility in water : C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH,
C2H5NH2
Q.2 Give the chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Ethyl amine and Aniline
(ii) Aniline and Benzylamine. (All India 2011)
Q.3 Write the structure of n-methylethanamine
Q.4 Complete the following reaction equation :

Q.5 Identify the compound

Q.6 An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C7H7ON undergoes a series of reactions as shown below. Write
the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions :

Q.7 Give reasons for the following:

(a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.
(b) CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2.
(c) Although —NH2 is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline.
(d )Aniline does not give Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Q.8 Give the name reaction
(a) Gabriel Pthalimide (b) schotton baumann (c) Hinsberg Test
Ch 10 BIOMOLECULES
Question 1:(i)Which one of the following is a disaccharide:
starch, maltose, fructose, glucose?
(ii) What is the difference between acidic amino acid and basic amino acid?
(iii) Write the name of the linkage joining two nucleotides.
Question 2:(i) Write the product obtained when D-glucose reacts with HCN.
(ii) What type of bonding stabilizes the α-helix structure of proteins?
(iii) Write the name of the disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B12
Question 3:Define the following terms as related to proteins:
(i) Peptide linkage (ii) Primary structure (iii) Denaturation
Question 4:Define the following terms:
(a)Anomers (b) invert sugar (c) Essential amino acids
Question 5: (a) What type of bonding helps in stabilising the a-helix structure of proteins?
(b) What is the structural difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
Question 6:Write the reactions involved when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents. (a) HI (b) H2N—OH
Question 7:Write the main structural difference between DNA and RNA. Of the two bases, thymine and uracil, which
one is present in DNA?
Question 8: Write any two reactions of glucose which cannot be explained by open chain structure.
Question 9: Differentiate between fibrous proteins and globular proteins.
Question 10Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(i) Assertion: All amino acids are optically active.
Reason: Amino acids contain asymmetric carbon atoms.
(ii) Assertion: In \(\alpha \) -helix structure, intramolecular H-bonding takes place whereas in \(\beta \) -pleated
structure, intermolecular H-bonding takes place.
Reason: An egg contains a soluble globular protein called albumin which is present in the white part.
(iii) Assertion: Secondary structure of protein refers to regular folding patterns of continuos portions of the
polypeptide chain.
Reason: Out of 20 amino acids, only 12 amino acids can be synthesised by human body.
(iv) Assertion: The helical structure of protein is stabilised by intramolecular hydrogen bond between -NH and
carbonyl oxygen.
Reason: Sanger's reagent is used for the identification of N-terminal amino acid of peptide chain.