TAKE WAY CAT 2 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1

Submit by 27th March 2023

1. A swimming pool was sufficiently alkaline so that the carbon dioxide absorbed from the air
produces a solution that was 2 x 10-4 molL-1 in carbonate ion. The pool originally contained
the following ions:

[Mg2+] = 4 x 10-3 molL-1 Given the Ksp values

[Ca2+] = 6 x 10-4 molL-1 CaCO3 Ksp = 4.7 x 10-9

[Fe2+] = 8 x 10-7 molL-1 MgCO3 Ksp = 4.0 x 10-5

FeCO3 Ksp = 2.0 x 10-11

State whether any precipitates will form, identify them, and give reasons for your deductions.

2. The equilibrium constant for the reaction CO (g) + H2O (g) CO2 (g) + H2(g) is 0.49 at
1000oC. Suppose we start with 2.00 mol each of CO and H2O and 1 mol each of CO2 and H2 in
a 50 L vessel. Calculate the reaction quotient, state whether the reaction will go left or right, and
calculate the number of moles of each component at equilibrium.
3. A buffer solution is prepared by adding 500 mL of 0.10 molL-1 acetic acid (Ka = 1.75 x 10-5) to
300 mL of 0.20 molL-1 sodium acetate. (a) Calculate the pH of the buffer solution. (b)
Calculate the volume of 1.00 molL-1 HCl that must be added to this buffer solution in order to
lower its pH by one pH unit.
4.

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 5. A 25.0-mL sample of 0.150 M butanoic acid is titrated with a 0.150 M NaOH solution. What is
the pH before any base is added? The Ka of butanoic acid is 1.5 × 10-5.
6. A gas has a density of 1.54 grams/liter at 1.14 atm and 15 C. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.
7. A mass of 0.645 g of an unknown gas is introduced into an evacuated 1.50 L flask. If the
pressure in the flask is 0.764 atm at 96 C, which of the following gases might be in the flask? (R
= 0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1)
8.

9.

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10 . (i) Give two differences between physical and chemical equilibria.
(ii) In an analysis of the following reaction at 100°C, Br2(g) + Cl2(g) 2BrCl(g) the
equilibrium concentrations are [Br2] = 2.3 x 10–3 M, [Cl2] = 1.2 x 10–2 M, [BrCl] = 1.4 x 10–2 M.
Write the equilibrium expression and calculate Kc for this reaction.
ii) Which has the lower pH, 0.00048 M H2SO4 or a acetic acid solution having a pH of 2.42?
Explain.
(ii) Explain why ammonia is termed a weak base.
11 When a student mixed 50 mL of 1.0 M HCl and 50 mL of 1.0 M NaOH in a coffee cup
calorimeter, the temperature of the resultant solution increases from 21oC to 27.5oC. Assuming
that the calorimeter absorbs only a negligible quantity of heat, that the total volume of solution
is 100 mL, its density 1.0 g mL−1 and that its specific heat is 4.18 J/g. Calculate:
(i) The heat change during mixing.
(ii) The enthalpy change for the reaction:
HCl(aq.)+NaOH(aq.)→NaCl(aq.)+H2O

12. (i) Balance the following redox reactions.

Fe2+(aq) + MnO4- (aq) + H+(aq) → Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + H2O(l) .

ii) Determine the oxidation number of Cr in K2Cr2O7.
iii) Predict the electrolysis reaction when AgNO3(aq) is electrolysed using platinum
electrodes.
(iv) Does the resultant solution becomes more acidic, more basic or remains the same?

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 13. HI dissociates as shown in the equation below;
2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g)
Two moles of HI were heated in a sealed tube at 440oC till the equilibrium was reached. HI was
found to be 22% decomposed. Write an expression for the equilibrium constant for the reaction
and determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 440 ºC.
(e) (i) State Le Chatelier’s principle.
14 (i) Distinguish between equivalence point and end point in an acid-base titration.
(b) Explain ways in which Maxwell Distribution may be characterized.
(c) (i) Define a buffer solution.
(ii) Describe the composition of a buffer solution and give an example.
(iii) 0.804 g sample of iron ore was dissolved in acid. Iron was oxidised to +3 state and it
required 47.2 mL of 0.112 N KMnO4 solution for titration. Calculate the percentage of iron
of Fe3O4 in the ore. Here is the equation for the reaction;
5Fe2++MnO4−+8H+→5Fe3++Mn2++4H2O

15 (a) Define the following terms as used in electrochemistry:

(i) Cathode (ii) Electrolysis (iii) Heat (iv) Molar heat capacity (v) Work

(b)The diagram below represents a set-up that can be used for the electrolysis of dilute sulphuric
acid.

(i) Name the electrodes A and B

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction taking place at electrode B
(iii) What happens to the concentration dilute sulphuric acid as the reaction continues?

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(c) Predict the products of electrolysis of each of the following with inert electrodes:
(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid.
(ii) A dilute aqueous solution of copper (II) chloride using graphite electrodes.
(d) When a current of 6.42 A was passed through an electrolyte Y2+ ions for 10minutes,
2.74 of Y were deposited.
(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed in the experiment
(ii) Determine the relative atomic mass of Y (1Faraday = 96000 coulombs)
(iii) State four applications of electrolysis.

16. The standard electrode potential for the elements chlorine and magnesium are:-

Cl2(g) + 2e- 2Cl-(aq) Eθ + 1.36V

Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s) Eθ - 2.36V
i) Which one of the two elements will act as an oxidizing agent? Explain.
ii) Calculate the electromotive force of a cell where the overall reaction is:-
Cl2(g) + Mg(s) MgCl2(s)
b) The table below gives the reduction standard electrode potentials for divalent
metals.
The letters are not their actual symbols. Use them to answer the questions that follow:-
Metal Eθ (volts)
P +1.50
Q - 0.44
R +0.34
S +0.76
i) Select two metals whose half cells can produce the highest voltage when connected.
ii) Draw a well labelled diagram of electrochemical cell formed by half-cells of metals P
and Q
iii) Calculate the voltage produced by the cell in (ii) above
c) When nitrate solution of a certain metal X was electrolysed, 1.174g of metal X was
deposited by a current of 4 amperes flowing for 16minutes. Determine the formula of
the metal nitrate. (1F= 96,500, R.A.M of X= 59)

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