MRM ACADEMY PVT.LTD.

,ZIRAKPUR
Session:2020-2021
Class: XI Subject: CHEMISTRY
Chapter: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
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Dear Students,

Today we will discuss another important topic of this chapter:

Topic: Chemical Equation

The following slides will include below points:

1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Concepts
3. Method to Balance the Chemical Equation
4. Worksheet/Assignment
•Chemical Equation:- The representation of a chemical reaction in terms of
names or formulas of reactants and products of a reaction is called chemical
equation.
A chemical equation is represented in two forms:

1. Word Equation: A word equation shows change of reactants to products

through an arrow placed between them. The reactants are written on the
left –hand side with a + sign between them .Similarly, the products are
written on the right –hand side with + sign between them. The arrow
points towards the products and shows the direction of the reaction: For
example-
A chemical reaction of magnesium with oxygen to form magnesium
oxide is represented as

Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide

2. Symbol equation:- The representation of a word equation of a
reaction in terms of the chemical formulas of reactants and products
involved in that reaction is called symbol equation. For Example-

A chemical reaction of magnesium with oxygen to form magnesium

oxide is represented as:

Mg + O → MgO
Balanced ChemicalEquation:-

* A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element on

the reactants side and products side are equal is called balanced
chemical equation.

•Why the chemical equation should be balanced ?

A chemical equation is to be balanced to fulfill the law of
conservation of mass.( Means the total mass of the reactants should be
equal to the total mass of the products.)
Method to Balance the Chemical Equations:-

The chemical equations are balanced by Hit and trial Method(Algebraic Method)
as:-
Example 1:-
Iron reacts with water to form ferric oxide and hydrogen gas Word
Equation : Iron + Water → Ferric oxide + Hydrogen Symbol equation:
Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2
Now write the above symbol equation as: a Fe +b H2O → c Fe3O4 + d H2
Now,make algebraic equations of each atom by equalizing the number of
elements on reactants side and products side as:

Fe H O

R.S = P.S R.S.= P.S. R.S = P.S.

a = 3c 2b = 2d b = 4c
Now, Let a = 10( or any other number) and solve the previous
equations to find the values of b,c,and d accordingly.

As: a=3c , 10 = 3c , c = 10/3

b = 4c , b = 4x 10/3 ,
b=40/3
2b = 2d , b = d , d= 40/3

Hence , a= 10 , b= 40/3, c= 10/3 and

d =40/3 Multiply all the values by 3,we get-

a = 30, b = 40, c = 10, and d = 40
Divide all the values by 10 as they are divisible by 10, we get- a = 3 , b =
4 , c = 1 and d = 4

Hence the balanced chemical equation is:

3 Fe + 4 H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Example 2:-
Methane gas, on combustion gives carbondioxide and water Word
Equation :Methane + Oxygen → Carbondioxide + Water Symbol equation:
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Now write the above symbol equation as:
aCH4 + bO2 → cCO2 + dH2O

Now,make algebraic equations of each atom by equalizing the number of

elements on reactants side and products side as:

C H O
R.S = P.S. R.S. = P.S. R.S. = P.S.
a= c 4a = 2d 2b = 2c + d
Now, Let a = 10( or any other number) and solve the previous equations to
find the values of b,c,and d accordingly.

As: a=c , 10 = c ,Hence c=10

4a = 2d , 4 X 10 = 2d, d = 20
2b = 2c + d, 2b = 2 X 10 + 20 , 2b = 40 , b = 20

Hence , a = 10 , b = 20, c = 10 and d = 20

Now, no need to multiply as these values are not in fraction

Divide all the values by 10 as they are divisible by 10, we get-
a = 1 , b = 2 , c = 1 and d = 2

Hence,the balanced chemical equation is:

CH4 +2O2→CO2+ 2H2O

 Worksheet/Assignment: 2

1.Balance the following chemical reactions by hit and trial(algebric

method)

a.Aluminium hydroxide and sulphuric acid react to make water and

aluminium sulphate.

b.Lead nitrate and sodium iodide react to make lead iodide and sodium
nitrate.

c.Copper metal and silver nitrate react to form silver metal and copper
nitrate.

d.Steam amd methane react to get hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

e.Calcium oxide and aluminium make aluminium oxide and calcium.

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Thank You
(God bless You)