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Świat Fizyki 7 - Odp Do Zadań Z Podręcznika
Świat Fizyki 7 - Odp Do Zadań Z Podręcznika
1. Wykonujemy pomiary
Strona Zadanie 5R]ZLÁ]DQLH
:LHONRÎFLă]\F]QHNW³UHPLHU]\V]QDFRG]LHÊ
15 1 (ÉYKSÏÄSÉ´[OEåPMRMNOEGIRX]QIXV]
7^IVSOSÏÄFEWIRYåXEÏQEQMIVRMG^EQIXV]
(ÉYKSÏÄXVEW]åPMG^RMOOMPSQIXV´[[WEQSGLSH^MIOMPSQIXV]
15 4 >EOVIW[EKMOK(SOÉEHRSÏÄ[EKMOK HEK;]RMOTSQMEVYOK
16 5 8IVQSQIXVHSOÉEHRSÏÄq'QMIV^SRE[EVXSÏÄq'
16 7 1EWERMI^QMIRMÉEWMÆ>QMIRMÉEWMÆSFNÆXSÏÄSHTEH´[å^QEPEÉE
16 8 7^]FOSÏÄG^]XERMEQSÖRE^QMIV^]ÄTSHENÂGRTPMG^FÆWÉ´[REQMRYXÆPYFPMG^FÆWXVSRREQMRYXÆ
17 HSÏ[ (SÏ[MEHG^IRMIWÉYÖ][TVS[EH^IRMYTSNÆGME[^KPÆHRSÏGM2ENMWXSXRMINW^I[HSÏ[MEHG^IRMYNIWXXSÖIKH]F][]OSRYNÂG]
NIYG^IËQMEÉ^EWÉSRMÆXISG^]MRMI[MIH^MEÉÖISFMIVÆGI^RENHYNÂWMÆ[XINWEQINQMIHRMG^GIWX[MIVH^MÉF]ÖIXIQTI-
VEXYVE[SH][OX´VINXV^]QEOEÖHÂ^VÂONIWXMRREÎ[MEHG^]XSSX]QÖINIKSSHG^YGMIXIQTIVEXYV]^EPIÖ]SHXIKS
[NEOMINXIQTIVEXYV^IXV^]QEÉVÆOÆ[G^IÏRMIN8IQTIVEXYVÆSHG^Y[EQ][WXSWYROYHSTSTV^IHRMINXIQTIVEXYV]G^]PM
[^KPÆHIQTSTV^IHRMINXIQTIVEXYV]
3RPLDUZDUWRÎFLVLÈ\FLÅÕNRÎFL
23 1 'IGL]WMÉ]TYROXTV^]ÉSÖIRMEOMIVYRIO^[VSX[EVXSÏÄ
23 2 /MIVYRIOTMSRS[]^[VSXHSK´V]
23 3 m = 10 dag = 0 ,1 kg
N
Fc = mg , Fc = 0 ,1 kg ⋅ 10 = 1N
kg
23 4 m = 2 t = 2000 kg
N
Fc = mg , Fc = 2000 kg ⋅ 10 = 20 000 N = 20 kN
kg
23 5 .IÖIPMRTFc = 0 , 2 N XS
Fc 0 ,2 N
m= , m= N
= 0 , 02 kg = 2 dag
g 10
kg
23 7 4SHSFRMINEOOEÖHIMRRIGMEÉSXEOÖITS[MIXV^INIWXTV^]GMÂKERITV^I^>MIQMÆMRMIQSÖIWMÆSHRMINSHHEPMÄ
2 20 g V
9OÉEHEQ]TVSTSVGNÆ 1 g =
3
, V = 20 cm
1 cm3
3 m 1700 g g
d= , d= 3
= 17 3
V 100 cm cm
g
+ÆWXSÏÄ^ÉSXE[]RSWM19 , 3 ^EXIQOSVSRERMINIWX^G^]WXIKS^ÉSXEPIG^^E[MIVEHSQMIW^OMMRR]GLQIXEPM
cm3
4 1
g kg 1 kg kg
d = 19 , 3 = 19 , 3 ⋅ 1000 = 19 , 3 ⋅ ⋅ 1000 000 3 = 19 300 3
cm3 1
m3 1000 m m
1000 000
5 kg 1000 g g
d = 810 = 810 ⋅ = 0 , 81
m3 1000 000 cm3 cm3
6 1EWEQIR^YVOMOKSFNÆXSÏÄGMIG^]GQ3
1EWEGMIG^]OKOK OK K
m 138 g g
+ÆWXSÏÄGMIG^]d = , d= = 0 , 92 3
V 150 cm3 cm
&EHEREGMIG^XSSPM[E
7 4V^]XSG^SRIWJSVQYÉS[ERMEWÂRMITVIG]^]NRIKH]ÖHSX]G^ÂNIHREOS[]GLSFNÆXSÏGMX]GLWYFWXERGNMG^]PMMGLKÆWXSÏGM
+H]F]ÏQ]TSV´[REPMQEW]FIG^OMFIR^]R]MQEÉINOYPIG^OMSÉS[MYXSWJSVQYÉS[ERMITV^]XSG^SRI[XIOÏGMI^EHERME
F]ÉSF][SG^][MWX]WTSW´FRMITVE[H^M[I
8 &YHS[E7ÉSËGERMINIWXNIHRSVSHRE2EN[MÆOW^ÂKÆWXSÏÄQENIKSGIRXVYQ NÂHVS +ÆWXSÏÄQEXIVMM7ÉSËGEQEPINI[VE^
^SHPIKÉSÏGMÂSHXIKSGIRXVYQ
31 HSÏ[ 'IP;]^REG^IRMIKÆWXSÏGM[SH]MSPINY
/SPINRIG^]RRSÏGMMTSQMEV]
ï ;EÖÆTYWXÂW^OPEROÆ m1
ï 2ETIÉRMEQW^OPEROÆ[SHÂV = 250 cm3 ï ;EÖÆW^OPEROÆ^[SHÂ m2
ï 2ETIÉRMEQW^OPEROÆSPINIQV = 250 cm 3
ï ;EÖÆW^OPEROÆ^SPINIQ m3
3FPMG^IRME
ï 3FPMG^EQQEWÆ[SH] mwody = m2 − m1 ï 3FPMG^EQQEWÆSPINY moleju = m3 − m1
ï 3FPMG^EQKÆWXSÏÄ[SH]d m ï 3FPMG^EQKÆWXSÏÄSPINYd m
wody = wody oleju =
oleju
V V
;RMSWIO;MÆOW^ÂKÆWXSÏÄQE[SHE
37 2 'MÏRMIRMIEXQSWJIV]G^RI[][MIVERIRETS[MIV^GLRMÆGMIG^][REG^]RMY[T]GLEGMIG^HSWXV^]OE[OMFSTSHSH-
GMÂKER]QXÉSOMIQTS[WXENITVE[MITV´ÖRME
37 3 .IÏPMTS[MIXV^IRMIQSÖIWMÆHSWXEÄHSTYHIÉOE[QMEVÆYF][ERMEWSOYTS[MIXV^IREHWSOMIQQEGSVE^QRMINW^I
GMÏRMIRMIMWÉEFMIN[T]GLEWSOHSSX[SVYOX´V]QTMNIQ]
37 4 F
'MÏRMIRMISFPMG^EQ]^I[^SVY p
S
/SPINRI[]RMOM4E4E4E4E4E4E
38 HSÏ[ ;]NEÏRMIRMI4SHG^EWTMGME[^VEWXESFNÆXSÏÄ^ENQS[ERETV^I^TS[MIXV^I
'MÏRMIRMITS[MIXV^E[FYXIPGIWXENIWMÆQRMINW^ISHEXQSWJIV]G^RIKS2EWOYXIOV´ÖRMG]GMÏRMIËÏGMEROMFYXIPOM^ETEHENÂ
WMÆHS[I[RÂXV^
38 HSÏ[ 3FWIV[EGNE/EVXOETETMIVYRMISHTEHESHW^OPEROM
;RMSWIO'MÏRMIRMI[][MIVERIREOEVXOÆSHHSÉYTSGLSH^MSHGEÉIN[EVWX[]TS[MIXV^EEXQSWJI-
V]G^RIKS'MÏRMIRMI[][MIVERIREOEVXOÆSHK´V]TSGLSH^MSH[SH]MNIWXQRMINW^ISHGMÏRMIRME
EXQSWJIV]G^RIKSåHPEXIKSOEVXOERMISHTEHE
38 HSÏ[ 3FWIV[EGNE;SHERMI[]PI[EWMÆTV^I^SX[´V[FYXIPGI[XIH]KH]FYXIPOENIWX^EQORMÆXEREOVÆXOÂ
;]NEÏRMIRMI3H[I[RÂXV^RE[]WSOSÏGMSX[SVY[FYXIPGIH^MEÉEWMÉETEVGMETSGLSH^ÂGESHWÉYTE[SH]SH^I[RÂXV^å
WMÉETEVGMETS[MIXV^EEXQSWJIV]G^RIKS
6SRU]ÁG]DP\Z\NUHV\
41 1
4SL[FEWIRMIF]ÉSQ3[SH]
41 2 V
45 7 C
9OÉEHEQ]TVSTSVGNÆ 80 km = x
x OQ
60 min 15 min
45 8 D
45 9 A
11, 4 cm + 11,6 cm + 11,5 cm
= 11, 5 cm
3
45 B
45 11 D
p=
F
F F = p ⋅ S , F = 100 000 Pa ⋅ 0 , 5 m3 = 50 000 N
S
p S
45 12 C
V GQ3 Q2
FG mg,
F m=
Fc
, m=
0 ,216 N
= 0 , 0216 kg
g N
m g 10
kg
m 0 ,0216 kg kg
d= ,d= = 2700 3
V 0 ,000 008 m3 m
F 2XSWMÉENEOÂ>MIQMETV^]GMÂKEGMEÉSSQEWMIK2E[IXRENIHR]QTEPGYQSÖIQ]YRMIÏÄXEOMIGMEÉSX]QFEVH^MIN
GMEÉS[EÖÂGI28EO[MÆGTEPGIQQSÖRE^EXV^]QEÄ[]TÉ][[SH]^IW^G^IPMROM
46 3 2ETV^]OÉEHHSÏ[MEHG^IRME^IWTSHVÆG^RMOE
65 12* D
2 mm mm
QQ Nxq'k = = 0 , 02
100°C °C
=DGDQLDSUREOHPRZH
66 1 E 4S^MSQ[SH][^VSÏRMISX]PIWEQS
F 3FNÆXSÏÄQEVGLI[OMRMI^EPIÖ]SHNINOW^XEÉXY
66 2 E 4V^]VSWXHÉYKSÏGMGMEÉENIWX[TVSWXTVSTSVGNSREPR]HSTV^]VSWXYNIKSXIQTIVEXYV]4SRMI[EÖ[^VSWXXIQTIVEXYV]
TVÆXENIWXH[YOVSXRMI[MÆOW^]TV^]VSWXNIKSHÉYKSÏGM[^VSÏRMIV´[RMIÖH[EVE^]MFÆH^MIV´[REQQ
F 4V^]VSWXHÉYKSÏGMTVÆXENIWX[TVSWXTVSTSVGNSREPR]HSTV^]VSWXYNIKSXIQTIVEXYV]
3 mm ⋅ 50°C
G Δl = = 1, 5 mm, l2 = 1, 0015 m
100°C
66 3 E WOVETPERMITEV][SHRIN
F 4EVE[SHREWOVETPEWMÆ[^IXORMÆGMY^GLÉSHRMINW^ÂTS[MIV^GLRMÂW^OÉE
98 3 E OQOQOQ OQ
F OQOQOQOQ OQPYFOQOQOQOQ OQPYFOQOQOQOQ OQ
G OQOQOQOQOQOQ OQ
5XFKSURVWROLQLRZ\MHGQRVWDMQ\
1
2 (VSKETV^IF]XE
E [HVYKMINWIOYRH^MIQ[GMÂKYWIOYRHQ
F [TMÂXINWIOYRH^MIQ[GMÂKYWIOYRHQ
G [H^MIWMÂXINWIOYRH^MIQ[GMÂKYWIOYRHQ
:DUWRÎÃSUÅGNRÎFLw UXFKXMHGQRVWDMQ\P
1
(VSKEVTV^IF]XETV^I^ '^EWtVYGLY
XVEOXSV OQ XVEOXSVE L
20 1
40 2
60 3
2
(VSKEVTV^IF]XETV^I^ '^EWt W [OX´V]Q
HÔ[MÆO Q HÔ[MÆOTV^IF][EHVSKÆV
340 1
680 2
170
3 ;VYGLYNIHRSWXENR]QW^]FOSÏÄQWS^REG^EÖI[G^EWMIOEÖHINWIOYRH]GMEÉSTV^IF][EHVSKÆQ
(VSKETV^IF]XE[HVYKMINWIOYRH^MIXSQE[GMÂKYH[´GLWIOYRHåQ
4 t=
s
=
150 000 000 km
= 500 s = 8 min 20 s
X km
300 000
s
5 E (VSKETV^IF]XE[GMÂKYTMIV[W^INQMRYX]åQ[GMÂKYH[´GLTMIV[W^]GLQMRYXåQ[TMÂXINQMRYGMIåQ
[GMÂKYW^IÏGMYQMRYXåQ
F Q
G X QQMR
H VYGLNIHRSWXENR]
6 s = X ⋅ t = 340
m
⋅ 5 s = 1700 m
s
8 9 km 1
E tk = km
= h = 10 min
54 6
h
300 m
F t s = m
= 30 s
10
s
9 10 km 10 000 m m 10 km km
XA = = ≈ 167 , XA = 1 = 600
1 min 60 s s h h
60
10 km 10 000 m m 10 km km
XB = = ≈ 83 , XB = 1 = 300
2 min 120 s s h h
30
m
E Pab = a ⋅ b = 2 min ⋅ 20 = 40 m
min
(VSKETV^IF]XE[GMÂKYQMRYX[^EHERMYNIWXXEOEWEQE
m
F Pbc = b ⋅ c = 6 min ⋅ 20 = 120 m
min
(VSKETV^IF]XE[GMÂKYQMRYX[^EHERMYNIWXXEOEWEQE
G (VSKÆTV^IF]XÂTV^I^GMEÉSQSÖRESFPMG^]ÄNEOSTSPITS[MIV^GLRMTSH[]OVIWIQX t
5XFK]PLHQQ\
116 1 100 m m
E WTVMRXIV Xś r = = 10
10 s s
42 ,195 km km
F QEVEXSËG^]O Xś r = = 14 , 065
3h h
116 2 40 km 40 km 6 km km
/VEO´[å&SGLRME Xśr = = 50 = 40 ⋅ = 48
50 min h 5 h h
60
&V^IWOSå&SGLRME Xś r =
(55 − 40) km = 15 km = 15 ⋅ 4 km
= 60
km
15 min 1 h h
h
4
&V^IWOSå8EVR´[ Xś r =
(80 − 55) km = 25 km
= 25 ⋅
6 km
= 37, 5
km
40 min 40 4 h h
h
60
80 km 80 km 80 km 4 km km
ÎVIHRMEW^]FOSÏÄREGEÉINXVEWMI Xś r = = 3 = 7 = 80 ⋅ ≈ 45, 7
1 h 45 min 1 h h 7 h h
4 4
116 3 >REOHVSKS[]S^REG^E^EOE^TV^IOVEG^ERMEW^]FOSÏGMGL[MPS[INOQL
116 4 OQLXSW^]FOSÏÄ>XEOÂW^]FOSÏGMÂQSÖRENIGLEÄ[HS[SPRMIHÉYKMQG^EWMI
117 5 W^]FOSÏÄGL[MPS[Â
117 6 E 7^]FOSÏGMGL[MPS[I
F .IHREOS[I HÉYKSÏGM[IOXSV´[TVÆHOSÏGMWÂNIHREOS[I
G 6´ÖRI QENÂV´ÖRI^[VSX]
5XFKSURVWROLQLRZ\MHGQRVWDMQLHSU]\VSLHV]RQ\
1 E ;]OVIWIQX t [X]QVYGLYNIWXT´ÉTVSWXE[]GLSH^ÂGE^TSG^ÂXOYYOÉEHY[WT´ÉV^ÆHR]GLREGL]PSRETSHOÂXIQ
SWXV]QHSSWMG^EWY>EXIQF]ÉXSVYGLNIHRSWXENRMITV^]WTMIW^SR]
F SQW
m
20 m
G ΔX1s = s =2
10 s
3U]\VSLHV]HQLHw UXFKXSURVWROLQLRZ\PMHGQRVWDMQLHSU]\VSLHV]RQ\P
125 1 m m
E 7XEÉITV^]WTMIW^IRMIS[EVXSÏGM10 S^REG^EÖI[OEÖHINWIOYRH^MIREWXÆTYNITV^]VSWXW^]FOSÏGMS10 4S
s2 s
m m m
NIHRINWIOYRH^MIVYGLYW^]FOSÏÄ[]RSWM10 TSH[´GLWIOYRHEGLå20 TSXV^IGLWIOYRHEGLå30
s s s
m
;GL[MPMYHIV^IRMES^MIQMÆG^]PMTSWIOYRHEGL X = 40
s
m m
F X = 10 2 ⋅ 4 s = 40
s s
125 2 km m
ΔX = 108 = 30
h s
m
ΔX 30 s m
a= = =3 2
t 10 s s
125 4 SQW
125 5 m
3^REG^EXSÖI[OEÖHINWIOYRH^MIW^]FOSÏÄTMÉOM[^VEWXES10 ;HVYKMINWIOYRH^MIW^]FOSÏÄTMÉOM[^VSÏRMI
s
m m m
S10 7^]FOSÏÄTMÉOM[OSËGYHVYKMINWIOYRH]VYGLY X = a ⋅ t = 10 2 ⋅ 2 s = 20
s s s
127 2 m
ΔX 100 s 1 1 m
t= = m = 20 s s = a ⋅ t 2 = ⋅ 5 2 ⋅ (20 s)2 = 1000 m = 1 km
a 5 2 2 2 s
s
127 3 ΔX = 108
km
= 108 ⋅
1000 m
= 30
m
h 3600 s s
m
ΔX 30 s 1m 1 1 1m
a= = = s = a ⋅ t 2 = ⋅ 2 ⋅ (60 s)2 = 900 m
t 60 s 2 s2 2 2 2s
5XFKMHGQRVWDMQLHRS³ÓQLRQ\
129 1 4V^]WTMIW^IRMISQEÉIN[EVXSÏGMåVYW^ENÂG]^TV^]WXEROYXVEQ[ENVYW^ENÂG]TSGMÂK
4V^]WTMIW^IRMISHYÖIN[EVXSÏGMåWXEVXYNÂG]WEQSPSXFSPMH*SVQYÉ]
129 2* m
km m ΔX 20
X0 = ΔX = 72 = 20 t = = ms = 4 s
h s a 5 2
s
129 3 m
X0 40
t= = s = 4 s
m
a 10 2
s
6SUDZGÓVLÅ
132 1 QMRQ
132 2 OQOQOQ
132 3 QWQW
132 4 B
133 5 B
133 6 B
133 7 A
(VSKEV Q^SWXEÉETV^IF]XE[G^EWMIt W
s 4 m m
X= = =1
t 4 s s
133 8 NIHREOS[INIHREOS[ITV^IGM[RI
133 9 C
m cm m km m km m
X1 = 40 , X2 = 400 =4 , X3 = 0 , 4 = 400 , X4 = 400 ≈ 111
s s s s s h s
134 2 E Q
F tI WtII W
G NIHRSWXENR]Q
s 100 m m 100 m m
H X = , XI = =2 , XII = ≈ 1, 3
t 50 s s 75 s s
I HPEt = 50 s, sII ≈ 65 m, Δs = 100 m − 65 m = 35 m
134 3 E 2MI(VSKMTV^IF]XITV^I^VS[IV^]WX´[WÂV´ÖRI
F (VSKÆSFPMG^EQ]NEOTSPIĄKYV]TSH[]OVIWIQ X(t )
m 1 1 m
sI = X ⋅ t = 4 ⋅ 4 s = 16 m sII = X ⋅ t = ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 s = 8 m
s 2 2 s
4SG^XIVIGLWIOYRHEGLVS[IV^]ÏGMQMIPMNIHREOS[IW^]FOSÏGM
m
ΔX 4 m
G a = , aI = 0 , aII = s =1
t 4s s2
5. Siły w przyrodzie
Strona Zadanie 5R]ZLÁ]DQLH
5RG]DMHi VNXWNLRGG]LDÈ\ZDÊ
141 1 7^XERKE^^E[SHRMOMIQåFI^TSÏVIHRMS7^XERKE^>MIQMÂåRESHPIKÉSÏÄ
141 2 ;SHEå[MSWÉS'MÆGM[EåWXV^EÉE
141 HSÏ[
7MÉEGMÆÖOSÏGM^QMIRMEOMIVYRIOM^[VSXTVÆHOSÏGM[SH]RETMSRS[][H´É
6LÈDZ\SDGNRZD6LÈ\U³ZQRZDÕÁFHVLÅ
148 1 E F[ FV F F[ 22 2FV 2 G F[ 2å2 2FV 2
148 2* G
Fp åWMÉETSGLSH^ÂGESHTSHÉSÖE
G
Fc åWMÉEGMÆÖOSÏGMOEQMIRME
G
Fm åWMÉETSGLSH^ÂGESHQÉSXE
FGFQ FT
G
149 3 F1
149 4 m
'MÆÖEV[EPM^OMFG m · g = 10 kg ⋅ 10 = 100 N
s2
;EPM^OENIWX[V´[RS[EH^I[MÆGF FG(^MI[G^]REH^MEÉERE[EPM^OÆWMÉÂS[EVXSÏGM2OMIVYROYTMSRS[]Q
M^[VSGMI[K´VÆ
F[
149 5 +H]HSHENIQ]H[MIWMÉ]SNIHREOS[]GL^[VSXEGLHSHENIQ]MGL[EVXSÏGM+H]HSHENIQ]H[MIWMÉ]STV^IGM[R]GL
^[VSXEGLSHINQYNIQ]MGL[EVXSÏGM
162 2 Fs 2N N
k = = = 0, 5
x 4 cm cm
174 6 ;]KMÆXEVYVOEMSHTÉ][XSREG^]RMETSÉÂG^SRI'MÏRMIRMIL]HVSWXEX]G^RI[SFYVEQMSREGLNIWXNIHREOS[I;SHE
[W]JSRMIX[SV^]ìOSVIOë^EXV^]QYNÂG]RMITV^]NIQRI^ETEGL]^OEREPM^EGNM
174 7 .IWXXSTS^MSQMGE[SHRE;]KMÆXEVYVOEWXERS[MREG^]RMETSÉÂG^SRI[OX´V]GL[SHENIWXRENIHREOS[]QTS^MSQMI
174 8 h xQ Q Q
kg N N
p = dw ⋅ g ⋅ h = 1000 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 46 m = 460 000 2 = 4600 hPa
m3 kg m
181 3 KÆWXSÏÄGMEÉEMGMIG^]
181 4 2EPIÖ]TSV´[REÄKÆWXSÏÄVXÆGMMKÆWXSÏÄSÉS[MY
g g
dr = 13, 5 , do = 11, 4
cm3 cm3
4SRMI[EÖdS<dVSÉS[MER]TV^IHQMSXFÆH^MITÉ][EÉ[VXÆGM
181 6 V = (3 cm)3 = (0 , 03 m)3 = 0 , 000 027 m3
kg N
Fw = dwody ⋅ g ⋅ V = 1000 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 0 , 000 027 m3 = 0 , 27 N
m3 kg
181 7 (ST´OMTVSWXSTEHÉSÏGMERRMI^ERYV^]WMÆGEÉOS[MGMI[EVXSÏÄWMÉ][]TSVYNIWX[TVSWXTVSTSVGNSREPREHSKÉÆFSOSÏGM^ERYV^IRME
Fw = dwody ⋅ g ⋅ Vzan = dwody ⋅ g ⋅ S ⋅ h, Fw h
4SGEÉOS[MX]Q^ERYV^IRMY h d [EVXSÏÄWMÉ][]TSVYNIWXWXEÉE
189 2 km 1000 m m
72 72 ⋅ 20
X2 − X1 3600 s s = 10 m
a= = h = =
t 2 s 2 s 2 s s2
m
F = m ⋅ a = 1200 kg ⋅ 10 = 12 000 N = 12 kN
s2
189 4 Fw 400 N 40 kg ⋅ m m
E F[ FGåFS 2å2 2 F a = = = ≈ 3 2
m 130 kg 13 s2 ⋅ kg s
kg ⋅ m
189 5 N m
g = 10 = 10 s2 = 10
kg kg s2
6SUDZGÓVLÅ
194 1 B
194 2 B
194 3 C
194 4 B
FG F1F2FG 2
Fc 14 000 N
Fc = m ⋅ g ⇒ m = = N
= 1400 kg
g 10
kg
195 5 C
195 6 D
195 7 A
196 8 A
m m
ΔX 10 m 2 ,5
a= , a1 = s =5 , a2 = s = 1 m, m=
F 20 N 20 N
, m1 = m = 4 kg, m2 = m = 20 kg
t 2 s s2 2 ,5 s s2 a 5 2 1 2
s s
196 9 C
;]OVIWX t XS[]OVIWW^]FOSÏGM[VYGLYNIHRSWXENRMITV^]WTMIW^SR]QE[MÆGVYGLYTSH[TÉ][IQWXEÉINWMÉ]
196 D
196 11 B
6S^[EÖEQ]WMÉ]H^MEÉENÂGITS^MSQS4SRMI[EÖWOV^]RMETSVYW^EWMÆVYGLIQNIHRSWXENR]QXSF[ ^EXIQF8 2
197 13 D
m
6]FETÉ][EGEÉOS[MGMI^ERYV^SRE[MÆGFw = Fc = m ⋅ g = 4 kg ⋅ 10 = 40 N
s2
197 14 A
4S[ÉSÖIRMYOPSGOEHS[SH]HSHVYKMIKSREG^]RMETV^IPI[EWMÆ[SHESSFNÆXSÏGMV´[RINSFNÆXSÏGM^ERYV^SRING^ÆÏGM
OPSGOE.INGMÆÖEVQE[EVXSÏÄFc wody = mwody ⋅ g = dwody ⋅ Vzan ⋅ g
.IWXXSV´[RSG^IÏRMI[EVXSÏÄWMÉ][]TSVYH^MEÉENÂGINREOPSGIO FG[SH] F[
/PSGIOTS^SWXENI[WTSG^]ROY[MÆGNIKSGMÆÖEVNIWXV´[RS[EÖSR]TV^I^WMÉÆ[]TSVY FG F[ ;ÉSÖIRMIOPSGOEHSRE-
G^]RME^[SHÂRMI^QMIRM[WOE^ERME[EKMFS[EVXSÏÄGMÆÖEVYOPSGOENIWXV´[REGMÆÖEVS[M[SH]TV^IPERINHSHVYKMIKS
REG^]RME FG F[ FG[SH]
=DGDQLDSUREOHPRZH
198 1 '^]RRSÏGM
å/SQSHÆSF[MÂ^YNÆW^RYVIQ
å(SW^RYVE^EG^ITMEQWMÉSQMIV^
å'MÂKRÆWMÉSQMIV^XEOEF]OSQSHETSVYW^EÉEWMÆVYGLIQNIHRSWXENR]Q
å3HG^]XYNÆ[WOE^ERMEWMÉSQMIV^E
>QMIV^SRE[EVXSÏÄF F8
198 2 6000 N ⋅ 2
m
F 2000 N 6000 N s2 m
E m = const = , = , x= =6
a 2
m x 2000 N s2
s2
m m
F F = const = 2000 N, m ⋅ 2 = 2m ⋅ x , x =1
s2 s2
198 3 3[EVXSÏGMTV^]WTMIW^IRMEFSPMHYHIG]HYNI[]TEHOS[EWMÉH^MEÉENÂG]GL[TS^MSQMIG^]PMWMÉ]GMÂKYWMPRMOEMWMÉ]STSVY
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4 4VEGE[]OSRERETV^I^GLÉSTGEW1 FxV 2xQ .
4VEGE[]OSRERETV^I^SNGEW2 FxV 2xQ .
;EVXSÏÄWMÉ][]TEHOS[INF[ F1F2 22 2
4VEGE[]OSRERETV^I^WMÉÆ[]TEHOS[ÂW F[xV 2xQ .
0RF
1 W 120 kJ
P= = = 2 kW
t 60 s
(QHUJLDPHFKDQLF]QD
1 E 4SHRMIWMIRMI[EPM^OMRETI[RÂ[]WSOSÏÄ
F ÎGMÏRMÆGMIWTVÆÖ]R]VÆOÂ
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2 m
ΔE = W = mgh = 5 kg ⋅ 10 ⋅ 2 m = 100 J
s2
215 2 kg ⋅ m2
E 20 000 J 20 000
W = mgh ⇒ m= p = = s2 = 200 kg
h ⋅ g 10 m ⋅ 10 m m2
2 100 2
s s
215 3 E ;SFYTV^]TEHOEGLWEQSGL´H[NIGLEÉREXEOÂWEQÂ[]WSOSÏÄ
F ;SFYTV^]TEHOEGLWEQSGL´HQEREW^G^]GMIXEOÂWEQÂIRIVKMÆTSXIRGNEPRÂ
215 4 km m
X = 72 = 20
h s
( )
2
m
800 kg ⋅ 20
mX2 s
W = Ek = = = 160 kJ
2 2
2
215 5 2
2 ⎛ m⎞
= 22 = ⎛ 2 ⎞ = ⎜ 1 ms ⎟
1 1 Ek2 X2 X
Ek1 = mX12 , Ek2 = mX22 , = 16
2 2 Ek1 X1 ⎝ X1 ⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
2 s
()
215 6 1 1 EkA m X2 2 mB ⎛ XA ⎞
2 2
1
1
EkA = mA X2A , EkB = mB XB2 , = A A2 = =2 =
2 2 EkB mB XB mB ⎝ 2 XA ⎠ 2 2
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215 8 4VEGE[]OSRERETV^I^TSGMWONIWXV´[REV´ÖRMG]NIKSIRIVKMMOMRIX]G^RINTV^IHYHIV^IRMIQ[HV^[MMTS[]NÏGMY^RMGL
km m km m
720 = 200 , 180 = 50
h s h s
mX12 mX22 m
W = Ek1 − Ek2 = − = ( X12 − X22 )
2 2 2
0 ,01 kg ⎡
( ) − (50 ) ⎤⎥⎦ = 187,5 J
2 2
m m
W = ⋅ ⎢ 200
2 ⎣ s s
215 9 km m km m
E X1 = 108 = 30 , X2 = 54 = 15
h s h s
( )
2
m
600 kg ⋅ 30
mX12 s
Ek1 = = = 270 kJ
2 2
W E 270 kJ
F Pśr = = k1 = = 13, 5 kW
t t 20 s
m
ΔX X 30
G a = = 1 = s = 1, 5 m
t t 20 s s2
H 7^]FOSÏÄOQLNIWXH[EVE^]QRMINW^ESHW^]FOSÏGMOQL)RIVKMEOMRIX]G^REWEQSGLSHYTV^]W^]FOSÏGMH[E
VE^]QRMINW^INF]ÉEF]G^XIV]VE^]QRMINW^E
215 EG ETEO
km m
X = 720 = 200
h s
( )
2
m
2 100 000 kg ⋅ 200
m mX s
Ep = mgh = 100 000 kg ⋅ 10 ⋅ 8000 m = 8 GJ Ek = = = 2 GJ
s2 2 2
EG ETEO +.
( )
2
m
10
mX2 X2 s
Ek = Ep = = mgh ⇒ h= = m
=5m
2 2g 2 ⋅ 10 2
s
2EHERETMÉGIIRIVKMEOMRIX]G^RENIWX[]WXEVG^ENÂGEEF]>SWMEQSKÉENÂ^ÉETEÄ
3 E F
t W 1 2 3 4 5
X QW 1 2 3 4 5
X QW 1 2 3 4 5
E O . 180 320 500
G )RIVKMETSXIRGNEPREHSRMG^OMRE[]WSOSÏGMhQYWMEÉEF]F]ÄV´[REIRIVKMMOMRIX]G^RINWERIG^OEV^ETSH[´GL
WIOYRHEGLVYGLYG^]PM. 2
kg ⋅ m
Epd 80 J 80
Epd = mgh ⇒ h = = = s2 =8 m
m ⋅ g 1 kg ⋅ 10 m kg ⋅ m
2
10 2
s s
222 5 B m
W W mgh 100 kg ⋅ 10 s2 ⋅ 20 m
P= ⇒ t= = = = 20 s
t P P 1000 W
222 6 B
7OSVSW^]FS[MIGRMI[^FMÉWMÆ[TS[MIXV^ITSVYW^EÉWMÆTSPMRMMTVSWXIN^KSHRMI^H^MEÉENÂGÂWMÉÂ4VEGÆ[]OSRERÂTV^I^
WEQSGL´HREHW^]FS[GIQQSÖIQ]SFPMG^]Ä^I[^SVYW )wV7^]FS[MIG^]WOEÉIRIVKMÆOMRIX]G^RÂV´[RÂ[]OSRERIN
REHRMQTVEG] 2
m
mX2 mX2 240 kg ⋅ 100 2
= F⋅s ⇒ F= = s = 40 N
2 2 s 2 ⋅ 300 m
222 7 C
4VEGE[]OSRERETV^I^[W^]WXOMIQEW^]R]F]ÉEXEOEWEQE1EW^]R]M[]OSREÉ]NÂ[NIHREOS[]QG^EWMIOV´XW^]Q
RMÖQEW^]RE
223 8 B
mX2 m
mgh = ⇒ X = 2gh = 8
2 s
223 9 C
1 1
hB = hA [MÆGEpB = EpA
2 2
4SHG^EWVYGLY^TYROXY%HS&REVGMEV^WXVEGMÉIRIVKMÆTSXIRGNEPRÂEp = mg(hA − hB ) = mg ⋅ Δh M^]WOEÉIRIVKMÆ
OMRIX]G^RÂSXEOMINWEQIN[EVXSÏGM
mX2 m m
= mg ⋅ Δh ⇒ X = 2g ⋅ Δh = 2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 5 m = 10
2 s2 s
223 C
223 11 D
m2
mX2 X2 400 2
mgh = ⇒ h= = s = 20 m
m
2 2g 20 2
s
223 12 A
mX2 m m
mgh = ⇒ X = 2gh = 2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 0, 2 m = 2
2 s2 s
224 2 E 7EQSGL´HRE[MÆOW^IN[]WSOSÏGMQE[MÆOW^ÂIRIVKMÆTSXIRGNEPRÂ[MÆGTS^NIGLERMY^TSGL]ÉSÏGMY^]WOE[MÆOW^Â
IRIVKMÆOMRIX]G^RÂ/SW^XIQXINIRIVKMMFÆH^MI[]OSR][ERE[MÆOW^ETVEGE[MÆGWEQSGLSH^MOTV^IFÆH^MIHÉYÖW^ÂHVSKÆ
F PMRMNOE
G /MPOEOVSXRMITYW^G^ÆWEQSGLSH^MO^[]WSOSÏGMh1M^QMIV^ÆHVSKÆTV^IF]XÂTSTS^MSQINTS[MIV^GLRM3FPMG^ÆÏVIHRMÂ
HVSKÆ8IWEQIG^]RRSÏGMTS[X´V^ÆHPEH[´GLMRR]GL[]WSOSÏGM[MÆOW^]GLSHh1
H %M&;HSÏ[MEHG^IRMYFEHEQ]^EPIÖRSÏÄV h [MÆG^QMIRMEÄ[SPRSX]POSh E[MÆGOÂXREGL]PIRME MRRITEVEQIXV]
TV^]TSQMEV^ITS[MRR]F]ÄXEOMIWEQI
224 3 mX20
= Ep1 + Ek1 = mgh1 + x
2
Ep1 15 J J ⋅ s2
m= = = 0, 5
gh1 10 m
⋅3m m2
2
s
mX20 J ⋅ s2 100 m2
x= − Ep1 = 0 , 5 ⋅ − 15 J = 25 J − 15 J = 10 J
2 m2 2 s2