CHAPTER 10

THE
ADAPTATION
MODEL
Presentation Created By: Larissa Pose
“The model provides a way of thinking about people
and their environment that is useful in any setting. It
helps one prioritize care and challenges the nurse to
move the patient from survival to transformation.”

- S IS T E R CA L L IS T A R O Y
I. CALLISTA ROY

• She is a highly respected nurse theorist, writer, lecturer, researcher and teacher
who currently holds the position of professor and Nurse Theorist at the Boston
College School of Nursing in Chestnut Hill, MA.
• Her current scholarly interests include research involving families in the cognitive
recovery of patients with mid head injury and nurse coaching as an intervention
for patients after ambulatory surgery.
• She is also interested in conceptualizing and measuring coping, developing the
philosophical basis of adaption nursing including the distinction between
veritivity which is an absolute value of conviction, commitment, caring and
relativity.
• As theorist, she often emphasizes her primary commitment to define and develop
nursing knowledge and regards her work, the Roy Adaption Model (RAM) As a
rich source of knowledge for clinical nursing.
 II. Adaptation Model
› M A J O R P O INT S
Humans as biopsychosocial beings constantly interacting with
a changing environment and who cope with their
environment through biopsychosocial adaptation
mechanisms
1 . R E GU L A T O R SU B SY ST E M
Transpired through neutral, chemical and endocrine
processes like the increase in vital signs, which is a
sympathetic response to stress.
2. C O GNA T O R SU B SY ST E M
Occurs through cognitive-emotive processes. For instance,
the effects of prolonged hospitalization for a four-year old
child where emotional anxiety is shown through protest,
withdrawal and despair.
Metaparadigm of Sr.
Callista Roy's Theory

NURSING
• Goal : Nursing is the science and practice that expands adaptive
abilities and enhances the person and environment transformation
• Nursing is a theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes the
process of analysis and action related to the care of the ill or
potentially ill persons.
• Nursing promotes adaption for individuals and groups in the four
adaptive modes, thus contributing to health, quality of life, and dying
with dignity.
Metaparadigm of Sr.
Callista Roy's Theory
NURSING

• This is done by assessing behavior and factors that influence

adaptive abilities and by intervening to expand those abilities
and to enhance environmental interactions
• Nursing is a discipline that emphasizes strengthening,
expanding and improving upon the person’s coping abilities
for the purpose of enhancing the patient’s wellness or health.
 Metaparadigm of Sr.
Callista Roy's Theory
PERSON
• An individual is a set of interrelated systems, biological, psychological and social.
• The individual tries to maintain a balance between each of these systems and the outside
world. However, there is no absolute level of balance.
• People strive to live within a band where one can cope adequately. This band will be unique
to an individual.
• the adaptation level is the range of adaptability within which the individual can deal
effectively with new experiences.
 Person

• The individual (person) is a biopsychosocial adaptive system.

These are four (4) adaptive modes in human adaptive system.
Callista Roy's Theory
Metaparadigm of Sr.

These are:
1. Physical-physiological mode
These represents the human systems physical responses and
interaction with the environment. This involves oxygenation,
nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protection, senses, fluids,
electrolyte and acid-base balance, neurological function, and
endocrine functions.
2. Self-concept-group identity mode
These relates to basis needs for psychological and spiritual
integrity or need to know the self with senses of unity.
 Person

This is central to the person’s behavior because it consists of

Callista Roy's Theory
Metaparadigm of Sr.

beliefs and feelings about himself or herself at any given time.

3. Interdependence mode
This applies to adaptive behavior of both individuals and groups.
This involves relational integrity or security in nurturing relationship.

4. Role Function mode

This is a category of behavior for both individuals or groups. A role
consists of a set of expectations of how a person in a particular
position will behave in relation to a person who holds another
position.
Figure 25:
Roy's Model of a person as
an adaptive system
 Metaparadigm of Sr.
Callista Roy's Theory
HEALTH
• A state and process of being and becoming integrated and whole that
reflects the person and environmental mutuality.
• Adaptation is the process and outcome where thinking and feeling of
persons, as individuals and in groups, use conscious awareness and choice
to create human and environmental integration.
• Adaptive responses are responses that promote integrity in terms of the
goals of the human system, which is survival, growth, reproduction, mastery,
personal and environmental transformation.
HEALTH

• Ineffective responses are responses that do not contribute to integrity in

terms of the goals of the human system.
• Adaptation levels represent the condition of the life processes described in
three different levels such as: integrated, for a balanced life, compensatory.
towards better life; and compromised towards threatened life.

Metaparadigm of Sr.
Callista Roy's Theory
ENVIRONMENT Metaparadigm
of Sr. Callista
• All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and Roy's Theory
affecting the development and behavior of individuals and groups
with particular consideration of mutuality of person and earth
resources.
1. Focal - is the stimulus immediately confronting the
human system;

2. Contextual - are the internal and external stimuli having

negative and positive influence on the situation; and

3. Residual - are the internal and external factors who current

effects are not clear to the client.
 III. Significance
Theory
Roy’s Adaption Model or RAM recognizes the ability of
Callista Roy's Theory
Metaparadigm of Sr.

the individual to cope with various stimuli or stressors that

may attack the immune system of the client. As a nurse,
taking care to ensure that the client is able to cope with
these stressors is leading the client to good health as
opposed to poor health. The human adaptive system is
active and reactive to stimuli.
 V. Chapter
Summary

The Roy adaption model identifies the es s e ntial

concepts relevant to nursing as the human adaptive system
is viewed as constantly interacting with internal and
external environmental stimuli. Nursing is a theoretical
system of knowledge which help strengthen, expands and
improves the person’s coping abilities and the process of
becoming integrated and whole with his environment.
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY

"your work is going to fill a large part of

your life and the only way to be truly
satisfied is to do what you believe is great
work the only way to do great work is to
love what you do"
- ST EVE J OB S
Thank you
for
Listening