CALISTA ROY’S

ADAPTATION MODEL

MELANIE VILLARANDA
 SISTER
CALISTA ROY
 SISTER CALISTA ROY
Nurse theorist, writer, lecturer, researcher,
and teacher.
Professor and Nurse Theorist at the Boston
College of Nursing in Chesnut Hill.
Born at Los Angeles on October 14, 1939.
Bachelor of Arts with a major in nursing -
Mount St. Mary’s College, Los Angeles in
1963.
Master’s degree program in pediatric
nursing - University of California, Los
Angeles in 1996.
Master’s and PhD in Sociology in 1973 and
1977.
Worked with Dorothy E. Johnson
Worked as faculty of Mount St. Mary’s
College in 1966.
Organized course content according to a
view of person and family as adaptive
systems.
RAM as a basis of curriculum at Mount St.
Mary’s College.
1970 - The model was implemented in
Mount St. Mary’s school.
1971 - she was made chair of the nursing
department at the college.
ADAPTATION
THEORY

GRAND THEORY
THEORETICAL
SOURCES

Roy Adaptation Model for Nursing was derived on

1964 from Harry Helson’s Adaptation Theory -
adaptive responses are a function of the incomiing
stimulus and the adaptive level.

Roy combines Helson’s work with Rapport’s According to Roy, more than 1500 faculty and
definition of system and views the person as an students have contributed to the theoretical
adaptive level. development of the adaptstion model.

After the development of her theory, Roy developed The model uses concepts from AH to explore beliefs
the model as a framework for nursing practice, and values of persons. Roy’s holistic approach to
research,and education. nursing is based in humanism.
 MAJOR
CONCEPTS
AND
DEFINITION
 STIMULUS

FOCAL STIMULUS - the degree of change or

MAJOR CONCEPTS stimulus most immediately confronting the person
and the one to which the person must make an
AND DEFINITION adaptive response, that is, the factor that
preecipitates behavior.
SYSTEM
CONTEXTUAL STIMULI - all other stimuli present
A set of units so related or connected as to form a unity
that contribute to the behavior caused or
or whole and characterized by inputs, outputs, and
precipitated by the focal stimuli.
control and feedback processes.

ADAPTATION LEVEL RESIDUAL STIMULI - factors that may be affecting

behavior but whose efforts are not validated.
A constantly changing point, made up of focal,
contextual and residual stimuli, which represent the
SUBSYSTEMS
person’s own standard of the range of the range of
stimuli to which one can respond with ordinary adaptive
REGULATOR - subsystem coping mechanism which
responses.
responds automatically through neural-chemical-
ADAPTATION PROBLEMS endocrine processes.

The occurrences of situations of inadequate response COGNATOR - subsystems coping mechanism which
to need deficits or excesses. Seen not as nursing responds to complex processes of perception and
diagnosis, but areas of concern for the nurse related to information processing, judgement, and emotion.
adapting person or group (Within each adaptive mode)
RESPONSES ADAPTATIVE MODES

ADAPTIVE RESPONSES - responses that promote

1. PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE - involve the bod’s basic
integrity of the person in terms of goals of survival,
need and ways of dealing with adaptation in regard
growth, reproduction, and mastery.
to fluid and electrolytes; exercise and rest;
INEFFECTIVE RESPONSES - responses that do elimination; nutrition; circulation and oxygen; and
not contribute to adaptive goals, that is, survival, regulation, which includes the senses, temperature
growth, reproduction, and mastery. and endocrine regulation.
2. SELF-CENCEPT MODE - the composite beliefs and
feelings that one holds about oneself at a given
time. It is formed from perceptions, particularly of
other’s reaction, and direct one’s behavior.
3. ROLE PERFORMANCE MODE - role function is the
performance of duties based on given positions in
society.
4. INTERDEPENDENCE MODE - involves one relations
with significant others and support systems. In this
mode one maintains psychic integrity by meeting
needs for nurturance and affection.
 MAJOR
ASSUMPTIONS
ASSUMPTIONS
To respond positively to environmental changes, the
person must adopt.

The person’s adaptation is a function of the stimulus he

is exposed to and his adaptation level.

The person’s adaptation level is such that it comprises a

zone indicating the range of stimulation that will lead to
a positive response.

The person has 4 modes of adaptation; physiologic

needs, self-concept, role function and inter dependence.
NURSING
A “theoretical system of knowledge which
prescribes a process of analysis and action related
to the care of the ill or potentially ill person.”
Roy differentiates nursing as a science from nursing
as a practice discipline.
ENVIRONMENT
PERSON
A “biopsychosocial being in constant interaction
with a changing environment.”
The recipient of nursing care, as a living, complex.
adaptive system with internal processes acting to
maintain adaptation in the four adaptive modes
(physiological needs, self-concept, role function,
and interdependence.)
The person as a living system is “a whole made up
of parts of subsystems that function as a unity for
some purpose.”
HEALTH
A “state and process of being and becoming an
integrated and whole person. Lack of integration
represents lack of health.”
“all the conditions, circumstances, and influences
surrounding and affecting the development and
behavior of persons or groups.”
The input into the person as an adaptive system
involving both internal and external factors (may be
slight or large, positive or negative.)
Any environmental change demands increasing
energy to adapt to the situation. Factors in the
environment that affect the person are categorized
as focal, contextual, and residual stimuli.