lOMoARcPSD|25205884

Micro-project Proposal
" Water Treatment Plant "

1.0 Brief Introduction:

The purpose of waste water treatment is to remove/reduce organic and

inorganic substances, nutrients toxic substances kill pathogenic organisms etc. so that the
quality of discharged water is improved to meet the permissible level of water to be
discharged in some water body, on land or agricultural field.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project:

➢ Design a waste water treatment plant model.
➢ Collect and Known The Industry and Their Pollution Characterictics
➢ Understand The Suggestion for Methods
3.0 Action plan:

Name of Responsible
Sr.No Details of activity Start Date Finish Date
Team Member

Jadhav Atharv
1 Topic Search 5-7-2022 12-7-2022

Project Proposal Yadav Sneha

2 12-7-2022 19-7-2022 Narsale Avantika
Creation
Detailed Information Jadhav Gitanjali
3 19-7-2022 26-7-2022 Jadhav Atharv
Gathering for Project
Developing Model Of
4 All Members
Water Treatment 26-7-2022 9-8-2022
Collect Industry Jadhav Atharv
5 9-8-2022 16-8-2022
Pollution Charactericts
Change In Water Narsale Avantika
6 16-8-2022 30-8-2022
Treatment Model Jadhav Atharv
Project Report Jadhav Atharv
7 6-9-2022 13-9-2022
Creation Yadav Sneha
All members
8 Final Presentation 23-9-2022 30-9-2022
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4.0 Resources Required:

Sr.no. Name of resources/Material Specification Qty Remarks

1 Google Search engine 1 -
2 Microsoft word Application 1 -
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Micro-project Report

" Water Treatment Plant "

2.1. Brief Description:

The purpose of waste water treatment is to remove/reduce organic and

inorganic substances, nutrients toxic substances kill pathogenic organisms etc. so that
the quality of discharged water is improved to meet the permissible level of water to
be discharged in some water body, on land or agricultural field.

Treatment of water thus aims at reduction of BOD, COD, eutrophication, etc.

of receiving water bodies and prevention of bio-magnification of toxic substances in
food chain and prevention of disease due to pathogenic organisms present in the waste
water.

2.2. Aim of Micro project:

➢ Develop and test a model for an innovative and efficient water filtration
system, and recover resources.
➢ Conduct water quality tests.
➢ Provide qualitative and quantitative results that describe the success (or
failure) of a model filtering system in meeting the project objectives.

2.3. Course Outcomes Integrated:

a) Develop Public Awareness about environment

b) Select alternative Energy resources for Engineering Practice

c) Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity

d) Apply Techniques to reduce Environmental pollution

e) Manage Social issues & Environmental Ethics as Lifelong Learning

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2.4. Actual Procedure Followed:

Basic Parameters in Waste Water Characterisation:

i. Sources information:

Sources information for the individual points of origin waste components,

individually or at least by classes, rate of discharge during production run (average
and maximum). Periodic discharges due to batch operation.

ii. Chemical Composition:

Gross organics: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC),
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), extractable. Specific problems ions (As, Ba,
Cd, Cr, CN, Hg, Pb, Se, Ag, NO3) Specific problem organics,

iii. Biological Effects:

Biochemical oxygen demand ,Toxicity (aquatic life, bacteria, mammals, plants)

Pathogenic bacteria.

iv. Physical Properties:

Temperature range and distribution

Insoluble components: colloidal, settleable, floatable ,Colour ,Order

v. Flow Data for Total Discharge:

Average daily flow rate .Duration and level of maximum flow rate .

Stages of Waste Water Treatment:

Waste water, whether domestic or industrial have several undesirable components, the
organic and inorganic pollutants that are potentially harmful to the environment and human
health. The treatment of waste water and its proper management has become a necessity in
order to conserve this vital resource.
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The main aim of waste water treatment is the removal of contaminants from water so that the
treated water can be reused for beneficial purposes. The waste water treatment is carried out
in three stages: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary or advanced waste treatment.

i. Primary Treatment:

Waste water, contains a wide variety of solids of various shapes, sizes and densities. The
primary treatment is of general nature and is used for removing suspended solids, odour,
colour and to neutralize the high or low pH in the case of industrial effluents.

This stage exploits the physical or chemical properties of the contaminants and removes the
suspended and floating matter by screening, sedimentation, floatation, filtration, precipitation
etc.

Fig. Bars Screen With Chamber

(i) Screening:

Screening devices are used to remove coarse solids from waste water. Coarse solids
consist of sticks, rags, boards and other large objects that often and inexplicably, find their
way into waste water collection systems. Because the primary purpose of screens is to protect
pumps and other mechanical equipment and to prevent clogging of valves and other
appurtenances in the waste water plant, screening is normally the first operation performed on
the incoming waste water.
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Waste water screens are classified as coarse or fine, depending on their construction.
Coarse screens usually consist of Vertical bars spaced 20-60 mm apart and inclined away
from the incoming flow. Solids retained by the bare are usually removed by manual raking in
small plants, while mechanically cleaned units are used in larger plants. The quantity of
solids removed by screening depends on screen-opening size. Screened solid are coated with
organic material of a very objectionable nature and should be promptly disposed-off to
prevent a health hazard and/or nuisance condition.

(ii) Comminuting:

As mentioned above screenings are sometimes shredded and returned to the waste water flow.
A hammer mill device is most often used for this purpose. Most often; a shredding device
called a comminutor is located across the flow path and intercepted the coarse solids and
shreds them to approx. 0.8 mm in size. These solids remain in the waste water.

Fig. Typical Comminutor

Many kinds of comminutes are available. Basic parts include a screen and cutting teeth. The
screen may be a slotted drum that rotates in the vertical plane. Stationary teeth then shred
material that is intercepted by the screen. Other types use as stationary semi-circular screen
and rotating or oscillating cutting teeth. Another device, called a barminutor, uses a vertical
bars screen with a cutting head that travels up and down, the rack of bars, shredding the
intercepted material.

(iii) Grit Removal:

Municipal waste water contains a wide assortment of inorganic solids such as pebbles,
sand, silt, egg shells, glass and metal fragments. Operations to remove these inorganics will
also remove some of the larger, heavier organics such as bone chips, seeds etc. Together,
these comprise the material known as grit in waste water treatment systems. Most of the
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substances in grit are abrasive in nature and will cause accelerated wear on pumps and sludge
handling equipment with which it comes in contact. Grit deposits in areas of low hydraulic
shear in pipes, sumps and clarifiers may absorb greases and solidify.

Also, these materials are not biodegradable and occupy valuable space in sludge
digesters. It is therefore, desirable to separate them from the organic suspended solids. The
latter should not be allowed to settle along-with, otherwise it gets entangled with the
inorganic matter causing septicity of waste water and requiring unnecessary labour and
expenses for removal.

Fig .Grit Chamber

Grit removal facilities basically consist of an enlarged channel area where reduced flow
velocities allow grit to settle out. Many configurations of grit tanks are available. At-least two
separate chambers should be provided, one to take care of low flow and the other for the high
flow. A period of detention of 1 minute is commonly employed. Grit chambers are cleaned by
hand, mechanically or hydraulically.

Hand clearing is done only in the case of smaller plants, is less hygienic and odour free
though somewhat easier for disposing of the removed material than in the case of mechanical
cleaning. In hydraulic-cleaning, the deposited material is flushed out under fire-streams
directed from a central point and removed through pipes in the side-walls or bottom of the
chamber.

(iv) Skimming Tanks:

A skimming tank is a chamber so arranged that the floating matter like oil, fat, grease
etc., rise and remain on the surface of the waste water (Sewage) until removed, while the
liquid flows out continuously under partitions or baffles. It is necessary to remove the
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floating matter from sewage otherwise it may appear in the form of unsightly scum on the
surface of the settling tanks or interfere with the activated sludge process of sewage treat-
ment. It is mostly present in the industrial sewage. In ordinary sanitary sewage, its amount is
usually too small.

The chamber is a long trough shaped structure divided up into two or three lateral
compartments by vertical baffle walls having slots for a short distance below the sewage
surface and permitting oil and grease to escape into stilling compartments. The rise of
floating matter is brought about by the blowing air into the sewage from diffusers placed in
the bottom. Sewage enters the tank from one end. The floating matter can be either hand or
mechanically removed. Grease traps are in reality small skimming tanks designed with
submerged inlet and bottom outlet.

Fig. Sedimentation Tank

(v) Sedimentation:

In this step, the settleable solid are removed by gravitational settling under quiescent
conditions. The sludge formed at the bottom of the tank is removed as under flow either by
vacuum suction or by raking it to a discharge point at the bottom of the tank for withdrawal.
The clear liquid produced is known as the overflow and it should contain no readily settle-
able matter.

Fig.Vertical Flow
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(vi) Flotation:

Flotation may be used in place of sedimentation, primarily for treating industrial

waste water containing finely divided suspended solids and oily matter. Flotation technique is
used in paper industry to recover fine fibres from the screened effluent and in the oil industry
for the classification of oil bearing waste. It is also used for treating effluents from tanneries,
metal finishing, cold-rolling and pharmaceutical industries.

Particles of density very close to that of water are very difficult to settle in normal
sedimentation tanks and take a long time for separation. In such cases, the separation can be
speeded up by aerating the effluent where by air bubbles are attached to the suspended matter.

Domestic Waste Water Treatment:

Conventional sewage treatment plants are based on biological decomposition of nontoxic

organic wastes, using bacteria. Such biological decomposition is conducted under aerobic
conditions, i.e. in the presence of plenty of oxygen.

Fig.Primary And Secondary Treatment of Municipal Waste Water

5.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr.No Na me of Resource/material ecifications Qty Remarks

1 S arch engine 1 -
2 pApplication 1 -
Google Se
Microsoft word

6.0: Output of the project:

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A student design for a waste water treatment plant model.

Pollution Characteristics of different Industries:

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7.0 Skill Developed/learning out of this Micro-Project:

In This Project We learn About Water Treatment.means How To Treatment on

the Water .We get Knowledge About the Industry And Their Pollution Charactericts.
.through this project we learn about to keep co-ordination among the group member
Get experience about the team members work & how to work in the team. We get
some guidance about how to do project for final year. We face some problem & learn
who to troubleshoot them.

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