June 2022

VOL. 74 NO. 6

Underground mining technology

Water management
Resource and reserves reporting

tuc
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OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF SME

www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

JUNE 2022
VOL. 74 NO. 6

Feature Articles
18 Faster underground mine development; Getting to first
ore quicker using a novel noncircular tunneling machine
by Dennis Ofiara and Mike Lewis

30
Successful tailings dewatering design using multilinear
drainage geocomposites

by Pascal Saunier, Stephan Fourmount, Jacek Mlynarek,

tuc
Andy Jung and Rob Stafford
®

38 Understanding the difference: The CRISCO template and &

the U.N. framework classification for resources
by David M. Abbott Special Editorial
Section
16 The state of education
Technical Paper Abstracts from and workforce in tunneling
and underground
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration construction
(peer-reviewed and approved) Nancy Profera
45 Optimal pitwall shapes to increase financial return and decrease
carbon footprint of openpit mines 21 Long-distance tunneling:
by S. Utili, A. Agosti, N. Morales, C. Valderrama, R. Pell and Challenges and trends of
G. Albornoz large projects in Europe
Karin Bappler
48
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) in underground coal mines:
A literature review and practical considerations
by Chenming Zhou, Miguel Reyes and Matthew Girman 26 Fox Conference returns
to New York City with
49 Trace-element content and partition in apatite-group minerals record attendance
in phosphate ore from Catalão, Brazil William Gleason
by Angela Nair Avelar, Paulo R.G. Brandão and Reiner Neumann

51 Coal and rock classification with rib images and machine

learning techniques
by Yuting Xue

53 Efficient separation and recovery of vanadium, titanium, iron and
magnesium and synthesizing of anhydrite from steel slag
by Jinrong Ju, Yali Feng, Haoran Li, Chenglong Xu and Yi Yang
55 A comprehensive roof bolter drilling control algorithm for enhancing
energy efficiency and reducing respirable dust
by Hua Jiang and Yi Luo
Copyright 2022 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy &
Exploration, Inc. All rights reserved.
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 67 Editorial Staff
Editor
William M. Gleason
gleason@smenet.org

®
Managing Technical Editor
Chee Theng
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF SME theng@smenet.org
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
Associate Editor
Nancy Profera
profera@smenet.org
JUNE 2022
VOL. 74 NO. 6
Production Graphic Artist
Ted Robertson
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SME News Business Staff

Media Manager/Advertising
59 Young Leaders Committee Gary Garvey
garvey@smenet.org
    60 Student Design Competition
Phone: 1-800-763-3132
62 New Members Fax:  1-303-973-3845
64 Environmental Division Email: garvey@smenet.org

65 Fine Grind
Society for Mining, Metallurgy
66 Rock in the Box & Exploration Inc. Officers
67 Minerals Education Coalition
President
Ronald Parratt
President-Elect
K. Marc LeVier
The mining industry has
used tunnel boring ma- Past President
Departments chines in the past but their
use has been sporadic. One
William Edgerton
Executive Director
    6 President’s Page of the issues is the circular
David L. Kanagy
design of most machines.
    8 Politics of Mining The Fresnillo silver mine
    10 Industry Newswatch in Mexico is now using a
rectangular-shaped tun- Mining Engineering Committee
    44 Web Directory nel boring machine for Jeff Gillow (Chair), Tom Meuzlear (Vice
    70 Professional Services quicker access to the ore. Chair), Patsy Moran, Steven Schafrik,
The article begins on page Michael Trevits, Mara Erhardt, Nicole
    75 Index of Advertisers 18. Cover design by Ted Henderson, Javad Sattarvand, Sekhar
  76 The Drift of Things Robertson. Bhattacharyya, David Waterman, David
Meadows, Jaeheon Lee, Nathan Manser,
Abhishek Choudhury.

This month exclusively on

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 Present an SME Webinar
Help us focus on current industry hot topics by sharing your expertise.

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President’s Page
Registered member
Reasons and procedures for earning Registered Member status
I
’ve decided to devote this month’s
message to a discussion of the
benefits and requirements of SME’s
Registered Member program. At
the urging of many SME members
in the mid-2000s the SME Board of
Directors considered and approved
the SME Registered Member
program. To date, more than 800 SME
members have become Registered
Members and the number continues
to grow.
The changes in mining-related
Ronald Parratt legislation first in Canada and later
2022 SME President in the United States requiring a
Competent or Qualified Person (QP)
is almost certainly the biggest reason
for a person to persue Registerd Member status.
Those who earn SME’s Registered Member
credential are accepted and recognized by the
U.S. Securities Exchange (SEC) and by the
Canadian exchanges as a QP or a Competent
Person for the public reporting of specific
mining, metallurgical and geological technical
data, the content of which is consistent
with that which they have declared in their
Registered Member credential. In addition,
SME’s Registered Member credential is
accepted as a recognized overseas professional
organization (ROPO). ROPO guidelines require
that: Members are geologists, engineers and
geoscientists admitted primarily on the basis of
academic qualifications and experience. That
members agree to observe and be bound by a
code of ethics and that SME has disciplinary
powers to suspend and expel members. The
need for such credentials denoting QP status is
required in many parts of the world and given
the global nature of the mining business, the
need will likely only increase.
To become a Registered Member, an
applicant must possess a degree from an
accredited U.S. university or a recognized
overseas university in fields related in various
ways with the discovery, extraction and
utilization of minerals, metals and energy
sources. The person must have a minimum of
seven years of professional experience of which
at least three years must have been in a position
of responsibility, defined as one in which the
individual was depended on for significant
participation, management and decision making
relative to their respective area of competency.
In addition, applicants must satisfy and
demonstrate one of the following conditions:
The person is licensed or certified in a state
6 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
Safety Share:
Instead of starting meetings, line-outs,
toolbox talks, etc., with a safety share,
consider ending such meetings with these
important safety reminders and related
stories to reinforce the value and effect of
these important lessons.
This idea is worth considering and is
supported by human performance and
cognitive science literature suggesting that
the content, information, and stories that
humans are most recently exposed to are
more likely to stay on our “front-of-mind-
awareness.” This modification is a safety
awareness technique with potential to
improve the effectiveness of safety shares
across the mining industry.
Lori Guasta
of the United States that is a member of the
National Association of State Boards of Geology
(ASBOG). The person is certified by the
American Institute of Professional Geologists
(AIPG) as a Certified Professional Geologist;
The person is a Profession Engineer (PE)
licensed or certified in a state of the United
States, and the person is a PEng licensed
and certified in a province in Canada or a
Professional Geologist (PGeo) in a province of
Canada. If the applicant does not meet any of
these, he or she will need endorsements from
three current SME Registered Members.
Applicants for Registered Member status
must provide a statement indicating why they
are seeking Registered Member status, provide
a resume chronologically detailing work
performed within and outside of the industry,
provide a copy of their diploma and official
transcripts showing full coursework, provide
acknowledgement and acceptance of the SME
Code of Ethics and provide copies of current
licensure or certifications. Or the applicant can
have three verification forms completed by three
SME Registered Members that are sent directly
to SME headquarters in Englewood, CO.
All Registered Members are required to
comply with the SME Registered Member Code
of Ethics. The code of ethics consists of eight
provisions, each of which has an interpretation
(continued on page 14)
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Politics of Mining
Chile stops short of expanding state’s mining rights
CHILE’S CONSTITUTIONAL
assembly rejected a major overhaul
to the nation’s mining industry on
May 14. The controversial Article
27 that would have given the state
exclusive mining rights over lithium,
rare metals and hydrocarbons and a
majority stake in copper mines failed
to achieve the 103-vote supermajority
needed to pass into the draft
constitution.
The environmental commission
submitted multiple variations of the
article to a vote on Saturday, but
they all failed to achieve the 103-vote
supermajority needed to pass into the
draft constitution.
The mining industry strongly
opposed the Article and warned that
the modified versions still failed to
deliver the legal certainties needed
for investments that are crucial for
supplying the clean-energy transition.
SEC files suit against Vale over dam collapse
THE U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) has
filed a lawsuit against Vale SA for
allegedly making false claims about
safety before the January 2019
collapse of its Brumadinho dam that
killed 270 people.
The SEC’s complaint, filed in
federal court in Brooklyn, NY, alleges
Rio de Janeiro-based Vale misled
local governments, communities and
investors through its environmental,
social and governance (ESG)
disclosures, starting in 2016. Vale,
which trades on the New York Stock
Exchange and in Sao Paulo, falsely
told investors that the company
adhered to the “strictest international
practices” despite knowing that
the Brumadinho dam didn’t meet
international standards, the regulator
said in a statement.
“While allegedly concealing
the environmental and economic
risks posed by its dam, Vale misled
investors and raised more than $1
billion in our debt markets while
its securities actively traded on the
NYSE,” said Melissa Hodgman,
associate director of the SEC’s
8 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
Chile is the world’s top copper
producer.
Article 25, which states that
miners must set aside “resources to
repair damage” to the environment
and harmful effects where mining
takes place, did get a supermajority
and will be in the draft constitution.
Reuters reported that the assembly
also approved banning mining in
glaciers, protected areas and those
essential to protecting the water
system. Articles guaranteeing farmers
and indigenous people the right to
traditional seeds, the right to safe and
accessible energy and protection of
oceans and the atmosphere were also
approved.
Voting to approve articles
concluded after the votes and new
commissions in charge of fine-tuning
the text took over. The final draft is
due in early July and citizens will vote
enforcement division.
Bloomberg reported that the
SEC is seeking civil penalties, ill-
gotten gains plus interest. According
to the regulator, in addition to
“immeasurable environmental and
social harm” caused by the collapse,
the incident helped shrink Vale’s
market capitalization by $4 billion.
During President Joe Biden’s
administration, the SEC has been
increasingly focused on ESG
disclosures and formed a task force in
its enforcement division last year to
focus on the issue.
In its complaint, the SEC said
that the Brumadinho dam collapse
was one of the worst mining disasters
in history, burying more than 150
people alive. The collapse released
nearly 12 million cubic tons of mining
waste, or “tailings” – a toxic sludge of
iron, manganese, aluminum, copper
and other rare earth minerals, the
regulator said.
The regulator added that Vale
intentionally concealed signs of the
dam’s instability from the investors
and Brazilian authorities. Over a
period of more than two years, Vale
to approve or reject it on Sept. 4.
The environmental commission,
dominated by self-proclaimed eco-
constituents, saw just one of 40 of its
proposals approved during their first
votes in the general assembly.
The commission has since
moderated its proposals but its articles
including expansion of protected
lands, restricting private water rights
and making combating climate change
a state obligation were included in the
new draft text.
“On the one hand, it excludes the
risks that were initially foreseen, but
on the other hand, it leaves everything
subject to simple laws and, therefore,
to circumstantial political majorities,”
Juan Carlos Guajardo, who heads
consulting firm Plusmining told
Bloomberg. “But without a doubt,
compared to how this story began, we
are in a much better situation.” n
obtained eight fraudulent stability
declarations tied to corrupted audits
of the Brumadinho dam, from
February 2016 through October
2018, according to the SEC. To
obtain the declarations, Vale used
flawed data to perform safety
analysis, strong-armed independent
auditors, and ignored international
standards that it claimed to follow,
the SEC said.
Vale has spent billions
in compensation and safety
improvements, with the disasters
costing it the title of world’s top
iron-ore supplier and upending its
efforts to reduce a trading discount
with rivals BHP Group and Rio
Tinto Group. Even years after the
Brumadinho collapse, reparations
have continued to take the shine off
its financial results.
The company said in a recent
filing that the Wall Street watchdog
and Brazilian securities regulators
had both been investigating the
firm’s disclosures. “At this time, it
is not yet possible to estimate the
value or a range of potential loss to
the company,” Vale said in its April 14
filing. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
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Industry Newswatch
Rock-to-metal ratio developed by USGS and Apple;
New metric will quantify amount of waste rock generated
A NEW METRIC to quantify the
amount of waste rock generated by
mining for minerals essential to 21st
century society has been created by
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
and Apple.
The “rock-to-metal ratio”
indicates how much ore and waste
rock must be mined, moved and
processed to produce a refined unit
of a mineral commodity. Data on the
quantities of ore mined and waste
rock removed during mining and
processing were not previously known
on a global level and are crucial to
understanding the future supply of
these minerals and the potential
environmental impacts from mining
them.
The new rock-to-metal ratio is
explained in a USGS and Apple study
recently published in Environmental
Science & Technology. The authors
used the most current data available
to determine the rock-to-metal ratio
of 25 of the most commonly used
mineral commodities. The ratio
they developed considers various
mining factors, such as ore grades
and recovery yields, to estimate
the amount of ore and waste rock
Newswatch
contents
12
Appeals court rules against
Rosemont Copper project
13
Huge lithium investment
needed to meet demand
17
Peru could be risking $53
million in mining investment
10 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
produced at more than 1,900 mining
operations worldwide.
“The rock-to-metal ratio and the
underlying data have many potential
uses,” said Nedal Nassar, chief of
the Minerals Intelligence Research
Section at the USGS National
Minerals Information Center and lead
author of the study. “For instance,
manufacturing companies could use
our data as one of several deciding
factors on where to source minerals
and or which materials they use in
their products.”
While the rock-to-metal ratio
can provide some clues to the
environmental impacts of various
mining operations around the world,
Nassar is quick to add that “this is
only one piece of a larger puzzle, and
the rock-to-metal ratio needs to be
used in conjunction with other data
to make informed decisions about
mineral sourcing or material choice.”
The study shows there is a wide
range in rock-to-metal ratios among
different mineral commodities. For
example, iron ore – one of the most
heavily mined commodities – has a
rock-to-metal ratio of 9-to-1. This
means for every 9 t (9.9 st) of waste
Tellurium production begins at
Rio Tinto’s Kennecott operations
RIO TINTO HAS started
producing tellurium at its Kennecott
copper operation near Salt Lake City,
UT.
With the start of production, Rio
Tinto becomes one of only two U.S.
producers of the critical mineral used in
advanced thin-film photovoltaic solar
panels.
The tellurium will be refined in
North America by 5N Plus, a global
producer of specialty semiconductors
and performance materials, under
a commercial agreement between
5N Plus and Rio Tinto. The refined
tellurium will primarily be supplied to
First Solar, the only American company
among the world’s 10 largest solar
manufacturers, under an existing supply
rock and ore moved and processed,
1 t (1.1 st) of iron is produced. This
was one of the lowest ratios found in
the study. Gold, on the other hand,
was found to have the highest ratio at
about 3,000,000-to-1, which means for
every 3 t (3.3 st) of ore and waste rock
moved and processed, only one gram
of gold is produced.“These iron and
gold ratios are the global averages for
these particular commodities,” said
Nassar. “We found wide variability
among the ratios for each mineral
commodity based on the particular
mining operation that it was extracted
from.”
A key finding of the study revealed
that the worldwide total of ore and
waste rock moved in 2018 for the 25
mineral commodities was about 37.6
Gt (41.4 billion st).
The 25 minerals analyzed in the
study are used by virtually every
manufacturing industry in the global
economy and include: aluminum,
chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium,
gold, iridium, iron, lithium, magnesium,
molybdenum, nickel, palladium,
platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, silicon,
silver, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten,
vanadium, zinc and zirconium. n
contract between 5N Plus and First
Solar. 5N Plus will also use the tellurium
to manufacture ultra-high-purity
semiconductor materials at its facility in
St. George, UT, to serve the security and
medical imaging markets.
Approximately 18 t/a (20 stpy) of
tellurium will be produced through
a new $2.9 million circuit built at
the Kennecott refinery. Tellurium is
recovered from byproduct streams
generated during the copper refining
process, reducing the amount of waste
that needs to be treated and discarded
as mine tailings.
Tellurium is listed as a critical
mineral by the U.S. government due
to its importance to the economy and
energy security. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
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Industry Newswatch
Appeals court rules against Rosement Copper;
Previous ruling regarding dumping area upheld
THE 9TH U.S. Circuit Court of
Appeals affirmed a 2019 ruling by
a federal judge in Tucson, AZ that
found the U.S. Forest Service erred in
approving a proposal for the Rosemont
Copper project to heap waste rock
and other mining byproducts in the
Coronado National Forest.
The decision is a setback for Hudbay
Minerals, the owners of the project, but
it does not kill the project.
In a 2019 ruling, a federal judge
faulted the Forest Service for assuming
that Rosemont Copper Company had
valid claims to the mineral rights in the
proposed dumping area and, therefore,
could use the land “in connection with”
mining operations.
While Rosemont had staked
mineral-rights claims on more than
2,800 acres of forest land, it had only
discovered minerals on 365 of those
acres. Under federal mining laws, the
rest of its stake was invalid, the 9th
Circuit said.
“The Service thus gave to
Rosemont, essentially free of charge,
the right to permanently occupy 2,447
acres of National Forest land with 1.9
billion tons of its waste rock based
on an improper assumption,” Circuit
Judge William Fletcher wrote, joined by
Circuit Judge Eric Miller. Circuit Judge
Danielle Forrest would have reversed
the district court’s ruling, Reuters
reported.
The majority said it was impossible
to say how the assumption affected the
Forest Service’s decision, so it sent the
case back to agency for another look.
Roger Flynn, director and managing
attorney for the Western Mining
Action Project and a lawyer for several
conservation groups suing to block the
mine, said the decision has “important
ramifications” because it establishes that
large-scale mining operations “cannot
use thousands of acres of public land for
their waste dumping, without verifying
that (they) meet the strict requirements
for such rights.”
The decision is not a total loss for
Hudbay, however. Unlike the district
court, the 9th Circuit said the Forest
Service could still decide, on remand,
that the company’s valid mineral stakes
on some forest land give it the right to
use additional acreage “in connection
with” mining operations.
Candace Brûlé, Hudbay’s vice
president of investor relations, said the
company was “encouraged” by that
portion of the opinion and evaluating its
next steps.
The case is one of many that
were filed to block the 950-acre mine,
including the 365 acres of forest land.
A separate appeal by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service is pending. n

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Huge lithium investment needed to meet demand;
Report calls for $42 million over next decade
A RECENT REPORT from
Benchmark Mineral Intelligence found
that if the world is to meet the demand
for the crucial battery-making material
an investment of as much as $42 billion
will be needed for the global lithium
industry by the end of the decade.
The data and market-intelligence
provider found that the lithium sector
will require $7 billion of investment
each year from now until 2028. That
would help it meet forecast demand
of 2.2 Mt/a (2.4 million stpy) by 2030,
which is four times higher than the 544
kt (600,000 st) that is estimated to be
produced in 2022.
North America and Europe are
working to reduce their dependency
on Chinese imports of lithium and
other critical minerals. However,
development of domestic supply
chains could require around twice as
much capital than relying on getting
the refined product from the Asian
powerhouse, Benchmark said.
China has enjoyed a stranglehold
over the lithium supply chain,
bolstered by economic clustering, a
high level of expertise, and lower labor
and energy costs.
“If you want lithium with as little
ESG impact as possible, the solution
may cost more outside China,” analyst
Cameron Perks said in the report.
In the United States, the Biden
administration has been pushing to
accelerate production of key battery
metals, with more than $3 billion
in grants to help process elements
including lithium. Meanwhile, Canada
has also earmarked up to C$3.8 billion
($2.9 billion) in this year’s budget to
build a domestic critical metals supply
chain.
Bloomberg reported lithium,
which is central to the clean-energy
Industry Newswatch
transition, has surged more than 400
percent in China over the past year, as
supply struggles to keep pace with the
electric-vehicle (EV) boom. Tesla chief
executive officer Elon Musk has made
a public appeal for more investment
in lithium mining, and said that the car
giant might consider mining or refining
it directly after prices rose to “insane
levels.”
The shortfall of raw materials
to produce batteries is limiting the
production of EVs, meaning While
lithium’s major producers have large
investments planned, those alone will
not be sufficient and new mines are
needed, the note added.
Automakers could step in and
“they have more than one reason to
do so,” according to Perks. “Unlike
investors, they are not just looking
for a return from profits generated
by lithium. They are looking to secure
supply for their batteries.” n

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www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 13

Industry Newswatch
President’s Page: Registered member
(continued from page 6) skill and knowledge in the
clause for further clarification of the interests of their employer or
intent of each provision. These eight client for whom they shall act,
provisions are as follows: in professional manners, as
faithful agents or trustees.
1. The first responsibility and 6. Members shall give evidence,
the highest duty of members express opinions or make
shall at all times be the statements in an objective
welfare, health and safety of and truthful manner and
the community. on the basis of adequate
2. Members shall act so as to knowledge.
uphold and enhance the 7. Members shall continue their
honor, integrity and dignity professional development
of the profession. throughout their careers
3. Members shall perform and shall actively assist and
work only in their areas of encourage those under their
competence. direction to advance their
4. Members shall build their knowledge and experience.
professional reputation on 8. Members shall comply with
merit and shall not compete all laws and government
unfairly. regulations relating to the
5. Members shall apply their mineral industries, and with
the rules, regulations and
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practices as established
and promulgated by
the U. S. Securities and
Exchange Commission
and other comparable
regulatory authorities in
other jurisdictions with
respect to the official listing
requirements for mining and
other companies.
These provisions give an
applicant and the Registered
Member a solid idea of what is
required and expected in the course
of their business endeavors. The
interpretations provide greater
detail and clarification for each. I
won’t include them all here, but I
encourage you to go to the SME
website to review these carefully.
Importantly, as with other
credentials granted by other issuing
bodies that confer QP status, SME’s
Registered Member program
contains provisions for addressing
complaints dealing with professional
practices performed by a Registered
Member who is believed to have
failed to comply with the Code of
Ethics. These matters are reviewed
and investigated by SME and are
handled confidentially on a case-by-
case basis. As might be necessary,
SME has disciplinary powers to
suspend or expel members.
The Registered Member
credential is obviously not required
for membership in SME but for many
others, there is great value now and
likely in the future. I suspect that
the need will only grow. I encourage
all SME members who qualify and
are or expect to be in roles where
the Registered Member credential
is needed, to consider acquiring
this professional advancement.
This credential is clearly another
significant “value” of your SME
membership.
The SME website contains all this
information but with more detail and
explanation about the Registered
Member program. I encourage you
to have a look and see if Registered
Member status is right for you. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

The battle for discount rates?
Precious vs. base metals
IT HAS ALWAYS bothered me
that precious metals properties get
to use a 5 percent discount rate while
base metal projects use 8 percent in
their cash flows. After all, isn’t a dollar
of cash flow worth a dollar of cash
flow? Apparently not.
For those readers not steeped into
the intricacies of mineral valuations,
the discount rate is supposed to reflect
“the rate of return used to discount
future cash flows back to their present
value. This rate is often a company’s
weighted average cost of capital
(WACC), required rate of return,
or the hurdle rate investors expect
to earn relative to the risk of the
investment.”
For example, a mine (regardless of
metal) producing $10 million per year
in after-tax cash flows for 10 years will
have a net present value of $77 million
at a 5 percent discount rate and $67
million at an 8 percent discount
rate. This difference is $10 million
or roughly one year’s cash flow and
represents a sizable delta for valuation
purposes.
There were two high-powered
mining investment conferences held
in Colorado late last year. These
shows are heavily biased toward
gold investments and the audience
represents exploration, development
and producing mining companies,
mining analysts from the investment
banks, and many sophisticated
institutional investors. These people
should know why, right?
I interviewed about 30 people
representing all makes and models.
I asked each one this one simple
question: “Why does gold get a 5
percent discount rate when base
metals have to use 8 percent?” I did
not coach them for their answers but
waited patiently for their responses.
Nineteen percent said they had
no idea. Eleven percent admitted it
probably wasn’t right but the most
alarming statistic was that 41 percent
said “Because precious metals can.”
(A lot of these were gold bugs.) And
also “Because investors tolerate
it.” Another said “Gold investors
are crazy.” (If they believe this, they
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
Industry Newswatch
should meet the silver bugs.)
I then dug deeper to understand
their rationales. Twenty-six percent
felt that precious-metals projects
commanded a lower discount rate
because they were less risky than
base-metal projects. They expounded
“Gold price is lower risk than base
metal prices.” “People don’t trust base
metals to hold value but they do for
gold.” “Copper processing issues lead
to higher risk.” “Precious metal mines
are shorter lived so there is a lower by Douglas Silver
chance of expropriation or for things
to go wrong.” increases as the measures; in the old
Apparently, these pundits don’t days the gold holders just “clipped”
think of what happens to a short-lived coins (seigniorage). So, all nominal
mine when it has problems. I have market parameters — interest rates,
never seen a mine that doesn’t have historical market returns, bond returns,
teething issues. These can often take discount rates, WACC, etc.) have an
years to correct, which further reduces inflation component baked into them.
their economic viability if they have Back when we entered the trade (circa
a short life. Furthermore, porphyry 1980s) it was pretty much 5 percent
copper deposits are around forever although predicting future inflation is
so they get to benefit from multiple
(continued on page 17)
price cycles and can get longer debt
repayment programs. With respect
to processing, really? Last I checked,
there are plenty of refractory precious
metals projects and there are lots of
precious metals produced from base
metal mines.
Among the enlightened, I heard
comments like “Gold discounting is
craziness and irrational.” “It’s a vanity
premium.” One insightful person
responded “because some idiot did it
30 years ago and it stuck.”
But I was still not satisfied with the
answers because the precious metals
industry is measured in tens of billions
of dollars and involves thousands of
people. The conference attendees
are industry leaders who know their
trade, so there had to be a better
explanation.
I shared this article with Dr.
David Hammond who gave me the
best explanation. “The majority use
of gold, as it has always been, is as
a store of value. For 7,000 years this
store has been as a store of wealth.
In the modern era it has evolved to
more of preservation of value against
ravages of inflation (today we use
consumer and producer price index
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 15
Industry Newswatch
Tesla open to buying mines to meet demand;
Elon Musk says he would consider the option
TESLA CHIEF executive
officer Elon Musk did not rule out
the possibility of buying a mining
company or more, if it would help
accelerate the production of minerals
needed for the production of electric
vehicles (EV).
Speaking at the FT Future of
the Car 2022 conference Musk said,
“It’s not out of the question. We will
address whatever limitations are on
accelerating the world’s transition to
sustainable energy. It’s not that we
wish to buy mining companies, but if
that’s the only way to accelerate the
transition, then we will do that.”
Demand for critical minerals
has caused concern across the EV
industry that there may not be enough
Innovators selected for decarbonization challenge;
BHP, Rio Tinto and Vale leading Charge On Innovation Challenge
EIGHT TECHNOLOGY
innovators’ submissions have been
selected to progress beyond the
Charge On Innovation Challenge.
The global challenge, launched by
BHP, Rio Tinto and Vale sought
to accelerate commercialization
of effective solutions for charging
large electric haul trucks while
simultaneously demonstrating there
is an emerging market for these
solutions in mining.
The eight innovators selected
are ABB, Ampcontrol and Tritium
(Australia), BluVeinXL, DB
Engineering & Consulting with
Echion Technologies, Hitachi, Shell
Consortium, Siemens Off-board
power supply and 3ME Technology.
The Charge On Innovation
Challenge was launched in 2021
and invited vendors and technology
innovators from around the world
and across industries, to collaborate
with the mining industry to present
novel electric truck charging
solutions.
The Challenge received interest
16 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
supply of lithium, nickel, copper and
other metals to match demand later
this decade, fueling questions about
whether Tesla would consider jumping
into the mining sector.
While the auto giant has EV metal
contracts with suppliers across the
globe, its goal to produce 20 million
vehicles annually by 2030 — what
Musk called an “aspiration, not a
promise” — will require vastly more
supplies of metals. Tesla produced just
under 1 million EVs last year, Reuters
reported.
Other automakers and executives
including Carlos Tavares, the chief
executive officer of Tesla rival
Stellantis NV, have warned the auto
industry faces a metals supply shortage.
from more than 350 companies across
19 industries, with more than 80
companies submitting expressions of
interest (EOI). 21 companies were
then invited to present a detailed
pitch of their solution. The final eight
were chosen from these 21 companies.
These technology innovators
worked together with the founding
patrons – BHP, Rio Tinto, and Vale
– and 16 other mining companies
to accelerate commercialization
of interoperable solutions that can
safely deliver electricity to large
battery-electric off-road haul trucks
– reducing emissions while enhancing
mine productivity.
Diesel-powered haul truck
fleets are responsible for up to 80
percent of a mine’s emissions, but
electrifying them requires charging
systems capable of delivering energy
at unprecedented power levels during
operations.
The truly global challenge saw
the eight winning solution concepts
from Australia, Switzerland, Japan,
Denmark, Singapore, United
Tesla has no experience with the
time-intensive and laborious task
of building and operating a mine, so
industry analysts have advised the
automaker to focus on buying an
existing operator.
Many in the mining industry have
noted that buying an existing metals
producer would cost far less than the
$43 billion Musk offered to personally
buy social media network Twitter
earlier this year.
Tesla has lithium supply deals with
Ganfeng Lithium, Livent Corp. and
Albemarle Corp., among others. The
company’s lithium supply deal with
Piedmont Lithium was put on hold last
year.
Tesla has nickel supply deals with
Vale SA and Talon Metals. n
Kingdom and North America.
Rio Tinto chief technical officer
Mark Davies said, “With this group
of innovators, we’re taking another
step in the right direction towards
changing the way haul truck systems
operate in the mining sector.
Through collaborations like this,
where we all come together to create
change, we can drive long-term
benefits for our industry and the
environment.
“We know we have a role to play
in helping solve the global climate
challenge. We’re looking at how we
can make changes across our business
to reduce our carbon emissions by 50
percent by 2030. Initiatives like the
Charge On Innovation Challenge can
help us reach our targets.”
Vale’s chief executive officer
Eduardo Bartolomeo said, “ The
decarbonization challenge is so
extensive that the mining industry
cannot tackle it alone, but with
partnerships such as these, we hope to
reach this goal, for ourselves, for our
communities and for our planet.” n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

Peru could be risking $53 million in mining investment;
Protests could stifle future investment
IF PERU’S government does not
find a way to calm protests of the
mining industry the country could
possibly miss out on billions of dollars
of mining investment, according
to mining industry analysts and
executives.
Reuters reported that the
warnings came as the executives and
analysts meet in Lima, Peru to discuss
falling investment tied to rising social
protests. A central bank report shows
investment dipping some 1 percent
this year and 15 percent in 2023.
Social conflicts have risen in Peru
over the past year since socialist
President Pedro Castillo came into
office, with a spate of protests against
mines, including one that has halted
production at the huge Las Bambas
copper deposit.
Silver: The difference between metals
(continued from page 15)
a fool’s errand, just like commodity
prices. Over the past decade(s) with
the tossing out of all “real” investor
returns for holding risk-free assets
so that governments can fund debt
at zero interest rates, the inflation
component has come down to 2
percent. So, a discount rate build-up
begins with a fundamental “real” rate
of return investors are considered
to have experienced over the last
5,000 years, typically estimated by
economist as 1.5 to 2.0 percent. Next
an inflationary piece is added, let’s
say 2.0 percent. Then percentages are
added for systemic or general market
and domestic/global risks. These
can vary by industrial sector and
currency the analysis is conducted
in. In the 1970s via the oil industry
metrics, that factor was pretty much
8 percent so as to total out the classic
15 percent after-tax nominal discount
rate we applied to every investment
possibility.
Gold trades as both a currency
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
With global prices soaring on high
demand, that now threatens a mining
investment pipeline of some $53
billion and could stall future projects
expected by investment bank RBC
to make up 12 percent of the world's
copper supply in years to come.
“Without any world-class projects
on the horizon, the prospects for
sustaining production are not good,”
said Gonzalo Tamayo, analyst at
Macroconsult and a former Peruvian
mines and energy minister.
The conflicts, mainly in poor
Andean areas where communities
feel bypassed by the huge mineral
wealth beneath their soils, have
started to hurt the mining industry,
with protesters emboldened under
Castillo, who won election pledging to
redistribute mining wealth.
and a commodity and is its own asset
class. This provides it with enhanced
liquidity and desirability. It makes
gold more exciting than practical,
and probably partially explains why
there are more precious metals public
companies than any other commodity.
They all want to receive the gold
premium.
Precious metals have more
financing options (e.g., gold
loans, prepays, options, mine-life
hedging, streams, etc.) and are
more transparent than base metals
contracts so the cost of capital is
lower. Prior to the invention of the
modern royalty industry, gold lease
rates were in the 1–2 percent range.
Add 2–3 percent inflation and you get
5 percent.
Another pundit pointed out that
the gold industry benefits from being
the only industry where the cost of
equity is lower than the cost of debt.
I think these are all sound
explanations but reserve my
judgement because every mining
project has unique technical issues
Industry Newswatch
Southern Copper’s Cuajone Mine
was paralyzed for almost two months
earlier this year.
Las Bambas, owned by China's
MMG Ltd, suspended operations in
April after an invasion of the mine
by communities demanding what
they called ancestral lands. The
mine, which produces 2 percent of
the world’s copper output, remains
offline.
Las Bambas had received
government approval in March to
expand the mine, a plan which is now
under threat.
Alvaro Ossio, vice president
of commercial and finance for Las
Bambas, said in a presentation at the
Lima event that the country faces a
big task to benefit from high global
prices. n
and, therefore, can be a winner or
loser. There is no evidence that
precious metals are less technically
risky than base metals projects so
this argument fails. I also believe that
long-term cash flow is markedly more
desirable than short-term cash flow.
In the end, does it matter?
Investors tolerate it, the precious
metals companies enjoy it and the
base metal companies don’t complain.
But is it true from an economic
theory standpoint? I don’t think so.
In my opinion, it all boils down to
the fact that you can’t buy more beer
with a dollar of gold cash flow than
you can with a dollar of copper cash
flow. n
References:
Discount Rate - Definition, Types and
Examples, Issues (corporatefinanceinstitute.
com)
Dr. David Hammond, personal
communication, January 7, 2022
Editor’s note: The opinions
expressed here are those of the author
and not necessarily those of SME or
Mining Engineering magazine.
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 17
Underground Mining
Faster underground mine development:
Getting to first ore quicker using a novel
noncircular tunneling machine
by Dennis Ofiara and Mike Lewis
T unnel boring machines (TBMs) have been
used in mining in decades past, but their
use has been limited and sporadic. This has
changed in recent years, with TBMs being used at
Stillwater Mine in Montana, the Grosvenor coal
mine slopes in Australia, Sirius Minerals potash
mine in England and more. These machines are
all full-face, circular TBMs — a design that has
thus far been unable to tackle a larger issue for
mines, which are typically located in a flat floor
area that mining vehicles need to traverse.
A novel type of noncircular boring
machine is now answering the need to quickly
reach underground ore bodies while cutting
a rectangular profile in hard rock. This cross
section allows for the use
of typical mine trucks and
Dennis Ofiara, chief engineer, other rubber-tired mine
and Mike Lewis, project engi- vehicles. The machine uses
neer, Robbins, Solon, OH. Email: disc cutters to cut the rock
OfiaraD@Robbinstbm.com and has a support structure
similar to an open-type
18 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
TBM; however, the cutting geometry is entirely
different. One of these machines is currently
cutting an access tunnel at a silver mine.
This article reviews the design and operation
of a novel, noncircular tunnel boring machine
and describes possible future adaptations to
provide safe, sustainable mine development with
its use.
Introduction
The Mine Development Machine (MDM)
5000 was developed to drive mine development
tunnels in rock at the Fresnillo silver mine in
Fresnillo, Mexico. In operation for nearly five
centuries, Fresnillo is one of the world’s oldest
continuously operating mines.
The Fresnillo Mine has a long history of
embracing new technology. In 1838, an original
Watts steam engine was brought from England
to Mexico, skidded over land by teams of oxen
and installed at the mine to provide dewatering.
The engine is still displayed at the mine, proudly
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
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Underground Mining
Figure 1
Rectangular tunnel cross section.
Figure 2
Circular tunnel cross section.
showcasing the mine’s heritage.
More recently, Fresnillo has been eager
to embrace mechanical excavation for mine
development roadways. Toward this effort,
Fresnillo studied a 25-km (15-mile)-long circular
TBM driven “mega tunnel” to connect four ore
bodies in the Fresnillo region. The mega tunnel
20 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
was to be bored with a 5-m (16-ft) hard-rock
TBM with a continuous conveyor system for
muck haulage.
A precast concrete slab was considered to
create a float roadbed within the circular tunnel
bore. Fresnillo postponed the mega tunnel
concept for economic reasons, but remained
eager to find a mechanical excavation tool to
expedite excavation of developmental roadways.
These tunnels need a flat invert to allow for use
of a fleet of mine trucks and other rubber-tired
mine equipment.
For this project, Robbins and its agent, Topo
Machinery, worked with Fresnillo to develop a
suitable mine development machine proposal.
Equally important to the machine design was
the deployment and operation of the machine
on a day-to-day basis, which Topo and Robbins
formed a partnership to undertake.
Mechanical rock excavation, circular and
noncircular
Circular, full-face rock TBMs are well-
developed tools but are not often used in
mining, considering the many kilometers of mine
tunnels that are driven each year. They are not
used for a variety of reasons including difficult
mobilization/demobilization in deep mines,
inability to negotiate sharp curves and steep
gradients that are part of standard mining plans,
and the fact that the mines usually need a flat
tunnel floor in which to operate and do not fit a
circular profile.
However, the TBM industry has been making
significant efforts to overcome these obstacles.
A full-face circular TBM remains the most
efficient machine for mechanical excavation
of tunnels in rock. However, if a flat floor is
an imperative, it must be created by secondary
methods if a circular full-face TBM is used to
drive the tunnel.
Several secondary methods can be
considered to create a flat invert roadway.
These include follow-on slashing of the bottom
haunches by drill-and-blast or by rock splitting.
In this case, a precast floor can be set or concrete
can be poured in place to create the floor.
Alternatively, crushed rock can be used to fill
the circular invert to create the road. This invert
space can sometimes be used for drainage pipes
or drain channels beneath the slab to create the
road. This setup can help offset the penalty of
having to construct the flat bottom. However, the
resulting cross section is often still not the most
efficient for the intended use.
Many types of rock excavation machines
have been introduced to cut a noncircular cross
section with a flat bottom. Roadheaders in
particular have become more capable in recent
years. Robbins Mobile Miners were first used
in the 1980s and 1990s; more recently they
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 85 YEARS OF
SOLUTIONS.
Since 1937, Fletcher has been answering some of underground
mining’s toughest questions. At Fletcher we provide more than
solutions, we provide an atmosphere for an open dialogue with cus-
tomers to ensure their operations are reaching maximum efficiency.
Fletcher provides lifetime support through an experienced, knowl-
edgable team of sales staff, engineers and field service technicans.
Is your operation facing obstacles that mass produced equipment
isn’t addressing? Get your custom solution started today. Learn
more at www.jhfletcher.com

Built on Answers.
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304.525.7811 MANUFACTURED IN
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FOLLOW OUR SOCIALS: J.H. Fletcher & Co. cannot anticipate every mine hazard that may develop during use of these products. Follow your mine plan and/or roof control plan prior to use of the product. Proper use, mainte-
@FLETCHERMININGEQUIPMENT nance and continued use of (OEM) original equipment parts will be essential for maximum operating results. 2022 J.H. Fletcher & Co. All Rights reserved.
Underground Mining
Figure 3
If the main area is to develop a roadway
The reef mole mining machine. tunnel and an additional cross-sectional area
is not needed for ventilation flow or other
purposes, then the most efficient cross section is
rectangular.
Figures 1 and 2 show a rectangular cross
section compared to a circular tunnel that has
the same floor width. The circular tunnel has 30
percent more excavated area per lineal meter.
This means more muck to hoist and dispose of.
An efficient way of mechanically excavating
a more-or-less rectangular profile remains
much sought after in the mining industry. While
the civil tunneling industry has been much
more accepting of circular tunnels, an efficient
rectangular machine could also be useful for
many civil applications.

Evolution of the MDM cutting concept

have been used in trials and are under further
development.
Several other machines using partial face
excavation with disc-cutter technology have been
tried. Unfortunately, most of these machines
have been abandoned by the mines due to low
productivity or high cutter wear.
In addition to roadway tunnels, a
mechanically excavated cross section is highly
useful to mine ore bodies that are in seams
with parallel tops and bottoms. Such deposits
are called reefs and are typical in platinum
mines and other minerals. Mining the reef in
deep platinum mines is extremely difficult and
dangerous work. Many efforts have been made
to mechanize reef mining as an alternative to
drill and blast.

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22 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

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Underground Mining
Figure 4
The mine development machine (MDM) 5000.
One such effort was the “reef mole.” This
machine was conceived and developed by John
Gibson and Andy Anderson, long-time Robbins’
engineers who formed a new company after
retirement. The machine was built and excavated
in a platinum mine in South Africa. This machine
cut out a 1 m × 5 m (3 ft × 16 ft) rectangle to
excavate the ore (Fig. 3).
The cutting action was performed by a
swinging cutterhead rather than a rotating
cutterhead, as found on circular TBMs. The head
24 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
was swung horizontally by hydraulic cylinders
to create the rectangular cut. Strong grippers
locked the machine within the excavated reef to
resist the significant cutting forces. The geometry
of the machine was arranged so that the cutters
swept across the semicircular shaped face with
nearly constant penetration to provide the most
effective cutting action. A vacuum system was
used for muck removal.
The reef mole cut effectively in the extremely
hard rock of the platinum reef; however, the
machine was regarded as experimental by
the mine. Thus, it did not get any priority for
resources such as power, water, ventilation,
haulage and personnel — all of which are
precious commodities in a deep operating mine.
Though promising, the reef mole was never fully
utilized by the mine.
The MDM design
As the need for mechanically excavated
development tunnels at Fresnillo was further
discussed, a machine concept evolved using a
swinging cutterhead, similar to the reef mole. The
goal was to produce a rectangular cross section,
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Underground Mining
Figure 5
Closeup of a cut rock face in an MDM tunnel.

covered the full 5 m (16 ft) width. Twin-loading

5 m (16 ft) wide and 4.5 m (14.7 ft) high. In this
case, the cutterhead was swung vertically about
a horizontal axis. A robust front gripper cylinder
was located on the axis of rotation. This provided
good stabilization and direct reaction of cutting
forces.
The gripper anchored within the vertical
sidewalls of the cut. The machine was designated
as MDM5000, standing for mine development
machine. A drawing of the machine is shown in
Fig. 4 and a closeup of the cutting action on the
rock face in Fig. 5.
Swinging the cutterhead about the horizontal
axis offered the opportunity for the head to push
the cut muck rearward, onto a muck apron, much
like the muck apron on a roadheader. The apron
wheel propellers to each side of center pushed
the muck toward the hopper in the center of the
apron. A chain conveyor pulled the muck from
the hopper and conveyed it to the rear of the
MDM.
Belt-type conveyors are usually preferred
for TBM-type equipment. However, in this case,
the conveyor is located low in the MDM, near
the tunnel floor. It was thought that a belt-type
conveyor would constantly be running through
the inevitable muck accumulated beneath and
would suffer too much wear. Also, the MDM
was intended to be used on steeper gradients. In
such gradients, the net inclination angle of the
conveyor in the MDM would be too steep to
allow for effective conveyance by a belt (Fig. 6).
The MDM is heavy in the front due to the
configuration of the machine and the overhung
cutterhead. This can cause the MDM to tip
forward about the front fulcrum shoe in the
muck apron. Significant rear structure and
machine length were needed to counter the
overhung weights and cutting forces. The rear
of the MDM had a main beam which mimics
the main beam of a typical hard-rock TBM. It
also had a rear gripper and thrust cylinders to
advance the machine by skidding on the front
fulcrum. The rear gripper and torque cylinders
provided steering effect, much like on a hard-
rock TBM.
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26 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 Underground Mining
Figure 6
Front view of the MDM showing the muck apron.

equipment that is powerful and highly

productive, yet lightweight and easily mobile.
The MDM was developed with these goals in
mind. Figure 7 gives the impression that these
goals were superbly met with a strong rock
cutterhead on a highly mobile, tracked carrier.
However, this is only one module of the MDM.
It is being transported down the mine ramp
road on a special tracked carrier. The MDM
was transported down the ramp as three main
modules. Figure 4 illustrates that significant
structural and mechanical elements are needed
to deliver the high-cutting forces that provide
efficient hard-rock excavation — a setup typical
of hard-rock TBMs.
The MDM has significant size and weight,
both of which are necessary to provide effective
excavation in hard rock. It is not a lightweight,
highly mobile mining machine like a roadheader high-tensile wire mesh (Mesha) for mine support
or a continuous miner. Thus, the MDM is more and rock bolts was installed just aft of the roof
like a rectangular TBM than a mobile mining shield.
machine. Even though efforts have been made The mesh was brought to the front of the
to make the MDM reasonably easy to transport MDM in rolls. Each roll was long enough to
and assemble, it is still a large machine with provide coverage across the width of the roof
significant setup and relocation times. Therefore, and down each side to about spring line. The
it is only practical for use in longer tunnels. mesh panels were 1.4 m (4.6 ft) wide to provide
The mining industry would like an excavation overlap at each row of roof bolts. Roof bolt
machine that can cut a few hundred, or even a spacing was 1.24 m (4.1 ft). This spacing was
few dozen meters, move to a new location, cut a chosen as it was adequate for effective support
bit there, then move on — the MDM does not in the anticipated conditions. Also, the roof
fit that application. However, it is effective for bolt spacing corresponded to the spacing of the
driving longer rectangular tunnels with high hanger chains on the conveyor, which was used
productivity, such as mine access tunnels and for muck removal (Fig. 8).
ventilation tunnels, as well as ore haulage tunnels The forward roof bolters and positioners
for deep ore bodies. were hydraulic percussive type drills supplied by
Like other TBMs, the MDM tows a backup Fletcher. These drills installed the bolts across
system. The MDM backup is composed of seven the width of the roof. In addition, there were rear
gantries plus three storage gantries for supplies. drills supplied by TEI that installed bolts into the
The backup gantries provide space to mount
the power and control equipment, dust scrubber
and ventilation system, muck removal, material, Figure 7
supply and other systems. This is a real tunneling The MDM cutterhead on a mobile, tracked carrier.
plant that produces a finished, well-supported
roadway tunnel with life-of-mine piping installed.
If a lighter, more mobile machine is
needed, these systems would have to be greatly
abbreviated, and perhaps left behind on the
tunnel floor and connected to the excavation
machine with umbilical cables. Such a machine
would have much less power and productivity.

MDM roof support systems

Immediate, effective roof support was a
strict requirement at Fresnillo. Like other TBMs,
the MDM was equipped with a hydraulically
operated roof shield that provided protection
over the front gripper area, where there was no
space available for roof support activities. Special
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 27
Underground Mining
Figure 8
An excavated MDM tunnel showing high-tensile wire mesh in the
tunnel roof.
Figure 9
Hydraulic percussive drills for roof bolting.
side walls. The TEI drills could also be turned
forward and articulated to drill a re-con hole
into the face, or a series of holes into the face for
spilling or pre-excavation grouting (Fig. 9).
MDM muck removal
A Robbins extensible tunnel conveyor
system was used to remove the muck produced
by the MDM. The conveyor system was chosen
for several reasons. The conveyor had high
capacity and did not introduce any exhaust
pollution. Also, there was not enough room for
high-capacity mine trucks to pass within this
tunnel. A further consideration was that the
tunnel conveyor be able to safely remove muck
at fairly high gradients. Future MDM tunnels are
planned with up to 7 percent gradient to develop
28 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
deeper levels of the mine.
The tunnel conveyor was mounted in the
center of the crown (Fig. 10). This left more room
for vehicles and for installation of piping and
other utilities within the tunnel. Also, this central
position allowed the tunnel conveyor belt to be
routed all of the way forward to the discharge of
the MDM chain conveyor. A separate transfer
conveyor and additional transfer point were not
necessary.
The tunnel conveyor structure was added
continuously as the MDM mined forward
within the protection of the installation window.
Personnel were not exposed to the moving
belts. As noted before, the tunnel conveyor was
suspended by chains attached to the roof bolts.
No additional bolts in the roof were needed to
suspend the conveyor.
The belt storage cassette paid out conveyor
belt as the MDM mined forward, so the tunnel
conveyor was continuously extensible. The
cassette was fairly long so adequate space had
to be prepared underground. The tunnel belt
carried muck out of the tunnel, over the cassette,
then to the main drive unit. The conveyor
discharged at the main drive into a cross-
conveyor system, which could then selectively
discharge muck into either of two 450-m3 silos
created by raise mining. The silos discharged into
a loading area, where electric trains were loaded
for transport to the shaft skip.
MDM transport and mobilization
underground
The MDM needed to be transported from
the surface to the −695 m (−2,280 ft) level
of Fresnillo mine via the existing main ramp
tunnel. This was an 8-km (5-mile)-long trip
down the ramp. This ramp had limited cross
section, undulating bottom, steep gradients
and many sharp radius curves. The MDM was
assembled as completely as possible on the
surface and transported down the ramp in three
main modules: the cutterhead, the front main
frame, and the rear gripper section. A special,
tracked carrier was developed by Fletcher
Mining Machinery in collaboration with Robbins
engineers. The carrier had multi-axis articulation
so the modules could duck and weave to miss
obstructions in the mine ramp, much like a
person spelunking in a cavern passageway.
An assembly and launch cavern was
developed at the first MDM tunnel site on the
−695 m (−2,280 ft) level. The cavern was long
enough to accommodate the full MDM and
backup system and the continuous conveyor
cassette. This cavern required significant
excavation to be prepared, but allowed the
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 Underground Mining
Figure 10
Crown-mounted tunnel conveyor.

MDM and the conveyor to be used immediately,

from the first cut of the MDM (Fig. 11).
The cross section of the assembly and launch
cavern was only slightly larger than the 5 m ×
4.5 m (16 × 15 ft) dimensions of the MDM cut.
No grossly oversize excavation was needed.
A local niche in the crown was prepared for a
manual hoist. As the MDM sections were moved
beneath this niche on the crawlers, the hoist was
used to lift on the roof shield, drills and other
appurtenant pieces.

MDM status and performance

The MDM was launched deep underground,
as described above. As of July 2021, it has
excavated about 1.7 km (1 mile) in the first
tunnel. The machine is boring a more or less
circular tunnel plan, which will finish at the
original launch chamber. After arriving there, it
will be relaunched from the same chamber, but
will drive at −7 percent to develop a roadway to Figure 11
the newer, deeper levels of the mine. Main frame of an MDM on transport crawlers inside the assembly
The MDM has had some early teething chamber area.
problems, for sure. It seems that these have been
overcome and the machine will produce finished
rectangular roadway tunnel at an average rate
of 150 m/month (492 ft/month). This exceeds
drill-and-blast roadway excavation by a highly
favorable margin, with greater safety, consistency,
and a finished rectangular roadway product.
At Fresnillo, the MDM is excavating in
andesites and shales with quartz intrusions. These
intrusions have defeated earlier attempts to
excavate these tunnels with heavy road headers.

Conclusions
The MDM is successfully excavating
rectangular-profile development tunnels at
Fresnillo. This is largely due to the committed
partnership between Fresnillo, Robbins and
Topo Machinery. Most mines have regarded
such new equipment as experiments, and have
not devoted adequate resources such as power, swinging cutting action, the machine has lower
water, personnel, muck haulage and ventilation. productivity compared to a traditional, rotary
Fresnillo has devoted the necessary resources,
TBM that cuts a circular profile. While there
and all parties are determined to make the MDM
do the job it was intended to do. are still many benefits, most prominently a flat
The MDM is successfully cutting the desired roadbed, the comparisons must be carefully
rectangular, flat-invert profile. The production evaluated for any significant mine excavation
rate is highly favorable compared to drill-and- considering using this method.
blast excavation. The MDM has successfully The MDM is not the lightweight, mobile rock
passed zones of bad ground and high water excavation machine that the industry covets.
inflows. Traditional mining methods have been
Such a lightweight machine may be possible, and
used to augment the MDM ground support
capabilities in particularly bad areas, so that the development will surely be undertaken due to
MDM could proceed through. the demands of the mining industry. However,
With early success has also come some such a machine will surely have a penalty of
overall observations: due to the cyclic, decreased productivity. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 29
Water Management

Successful tailings dewatering

design using multilinear drainage geocomposites
by Pascal Saunier, Stephan Fourmont, Jacek Mlynarek, Andy Jung and Rob Stafford

The aftermath of
the disaster in T he safe and economical storage of tailings
generated by modern-day mining operations
is possibly the single largest challenge faced by
Brumadinho after
the TSF dam col- miners today. By nature, tailings are a waste
lapsed. (Photo by product that have little to no economic value. Yet,
Felipe Werneck/ their physical and chemical contents can pose
Ibama, Wikimedia incredible environmental hazards if not stored
Commons.) correctly. The variety of factors that are met when
designing tailing storage facilities (TSFs) means
that in most cases, a low-cost solution is sought
to accomplish storage, meet environmental
regulations and adhere to industry best practices.
TSFs can be large dam
face structures or smaller
structures, like retention/
Pascal Saunier, AFITEX-Texel
evaporation lined ponds.
Inc., Vancouver, British Colum-
Water management
bia, Canada, Stephan Fourmont,
is potentially the single
AFITEX-Texel Inc., Montreal,
largest factor that miners
Quebec, Canada, Jacek Mlynarek,
and designers must contend
JM-TEX Alliance, Montreal, Que-
with when constructing a
bec, Canada, Andy Jung, Western
TSF. Water is a necessary
GeoSystems, Golden, CO and Rob
component in the process
Stafford, Western Geosystems,
of extracting ore, but can
Tucson, AZ. Email: andy.jung@
be difficult and expensive
westerngeosystems.com
to remove once it is mixed
with solid tailings particles. As a result, the most
common disposal of these water-containing
tailings, called a slurry, is to simply discharge into
an embanked TSF (Vick, 1990).
These structures, just like any other water-
retaining dam, can breach, releasing contents
downstream. Despite modern advancements
in TSF design, there have been numerous
dam failures resulting in tragic loss of life and
ecological devastation. Most notably in the
last decade, the Brumadinho and Mariana
Dam disasters in Brazil killed 278 people in
downstream communities when TSF dams failed
in 2019 and 2015, respectively (Rotta et al., 2020).
Similarly, in 2014, the Mount Polley tailings
spill in British Columbia was the second largest
tailings spill on record and caused extensive
damage to adjacent watershed ecosystems when
the TSF embankment was breached (Byrne et
al., 2018). While there were numerous unique
and underlying factors present in each of
these structural failures, a shared element in
the devastation was the large-scale release of
unstable liquefied tailings.
Environmental and stability concerns aside,
slurry requires a much greater volume in a TSF

30 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

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Water Management
than solid tailings alone (Saunier, 2018). TSF
expansions are costly and often accomplished
through vertical “lifts” of the embankments so as
to not extend the footprint.
Better utilization of the existing TSF volume
creates an economic advantage for mining
operations. Various methods have been used
to dewater tailings for both stabilization and to
minimize the overall volume they occupy.
Moisture can be removed from the solids
using an extensive filtration process prior to
the tailings being placed in their final location.
This technique, known as dry stacking, provides
the most stable tailings product but requires
an immense filtration facility and increased
operating costs. Natural and polymer-based
thickeners can be added to slurry tailings to
stabilize its structure. However, this method does
not provide a solution to the issue of volume.
Gravity-based dewatering using drainage
geocomposites may be the most cost-effective
solution for many mining operations. This
process uses a geosynthetic product, known
as a geocomposite, consisting of two layers of
geotextile encapsulating a drainage media on the
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32 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
upslope side of a TSF embankment.
This method effectively relies on the natural
settlement of solid particles within the slurry.
Subsequent smaller particles work to build up
a natural filter while the drainage component
removes the liquid from the tailings. However,
the physical and chemical nature of many TSFs
can cause tremendous stress on traditional
geocomposites. As TSFs grow larger in size, high
compressive loads can cause compression of the
drainage core and intrusion of the geotextile
component. These phenomena, known as creep
and intrusion, respectively, can cause large
reductions in dewatering capability. Further, high
concentrations of fines can lead to clogging of the
geotextile filter. High acidity can further accelerate
degradation of the drainage components.
Description of multilinear drainage
geocomposites
The use of geomembranes in mining
applications has been widely documented.
However, geocomposite compatibility studies
with mined material are scarce and very limited
information is available. A study by Smith and
Wash coal and debris away from walkways
and other critical areas with the R75M Debris
Sweeping Sprinkler.
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www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 Water Management
Figure 1
Draintube composition.

Zhao (2004) clearly shows

that drainage geocomposites
lead to improved service
and cost reduction in heap
leaching. Gulec et al. (2005)
indicated there were no major
changes in the hydraulic and
mechanical properties of
polypropylene geotextiles
after immersion in acid mine
drainage for 22 months.
The multilinear drainage geocomposite
(MLDG) used in this study was
developed by Afitex-Texel and is called
Draintube. It is composed of (Fig. 1):

• A nonwoven polyester/
polypropylene geotextile acting
as a filter.
• A series of corrugated
polypropylene tubes spaced
at regular intervals (1 to 4 m
width). These perforated tubes
provide most of the drainage
capability of the product.
• A nonwoven thick polyester/
polypropylene geotextile acting
as the drainage medium and as a
cushion to protect the underlying
geomembrane.

Filtration applications with mine

residues may be among the most
challenging filtration applications. First,
the high seepage forces and suspended

A SOLUTION AS UNIQUE
particles that must be filtered can lead to
clogging. Second, leachate is typically a
highly loaded solution and mineralization

AS YOUR SITE
can lead to chemical clogging (Faure,
2004; Fourie et al., 2010; Legge et al.,
2009), although it is likely that a clogging
problem would also occur with mineral
drainage systems (such as gravels, see
Giroud, 1996). In order to check if
MLDGs are able to fulfil the function At McLanahan, we have never been about a one-size-fits-all approach. We know that
your operation comes with its own set of unique processing challenges. That is why we
of a drainage and dewatering layers,
employ a team of process engineers that know how to create and design an equipment
long-term hydraulic properties, soil processing solution that will allow you to reach your highest level of productivity. We
retention and chemical resistance must stay with you for the life of your machine, combining proven wear parts with local
be evaluated. The results of experimental service from our offices around the world, to make your uptime our priority.
studies aiming at checking theses points
are presented in the following sections.

Behavior under high-compressive load

With an ore density between 1.5
and 1.8, the compressive load on the FEEDING // CRUSHING // SAMPLING // DEWATERING // SCRUBBING
drainage layer can reach 2 MPa (Thiel
and Smith, 2004; Castillo, 2005). For mclanahan.com
planar geocomposites involving a planar
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 33
Water Management
Figure 2
Transmissivity under different loads up to 2 MPa and 100 h
(i = hydraulic gradient) (after Saunier et al., 2010).
Figure 3
Cross section of an experimental leaching cell. Over 90 days, acid
leachate percolates through the ore, then the MLDG.
Figure 4
Typical flow rate under a hydraulic head of 5 mm.
drainage core (such as biplanar or triplanar geonet), it has
been shown by several authors that the hydraulic properties
of these geosynthetics are adversely affected by such high-
compression stresses. However, Saunier et al. (2010) have
shown that the particular structure of Draintube MLDG is
favorable to the development of an arching effect around
the pipe. Consequently, the transmissivity is not affected by
the compression stress nor by time, as no creep can develop
in the pipe. Their results are reported in Fig. 2.
Behavior in an acid leaching environment
Long-term flow tests were conducted to observe the
34 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
performance of Draintube MLDG
when subjected to acid circulation at a
concentration representative of those
used in the mining industry for three
months. The MLDG was installed in
the bottom of cells measuring 100
mm × 200 mm (4 in. × 8 in.), and then
covered with 1 kg (2.2 lb) of crushed
copper ore with an average grade of
3 percent Cu. A nominal stress of 100
kPa was applied to the system for the
duration of the test (Fig. 3).
An average daily flow of 15 L/h/m²
of the 20 g/L sulfuric acid solution with
a pH of 1.4 was recirculated over 90
days through each cell.
From Fig. 4, it is possible to observe
that the flow rate remained relatively
constant over time, which suggests
that no clogging occurred and that the
MLDG maintained functionality over
the duration of the test.
Visual inspection carried out at
the end of the tests found that the
perforated pipes of the Draintube
MLDG were completely free of
particles (Fig. 5). Permittivity tests
conducted on the upper geotextile
filter (in contact with the ore) found a
decrease in permeability in the range
of 10 percent, confirming the visual
observation of a geotextile appeared
almost “clean” on its inner side,
compared to the outside.
Based on these observations, it was
concluded that circulation of sulfuric
acid through the ore/geocomposite
system is not likely to create any
clogging problem on the surface, or
in the drainage media. The particular
MLDG tested consisted of a 25-
mm diameter perforated pipe and a
geotextile with a 120-μm filtration
opening size. Although the experiment
was conducted under a normal load
of 100 kPa, the lack of sensitivity of
the product to compression loads
up to 2,400 kPa suggests that these
observations are likely to be applicable
to the high normal loads typically
found in heap leach pads.
Filtration compatibility with tailings
and gradient ratio
Tailings stored as a slurry in a
TSF creates a challenge for geotextile
filtration. High concentrations of fines
separated from the soil can create
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 Water Management
TIRED OF
MECHANICAL
a cake on the surface of the geotextile, reducing its permeability,
SEALS?
thus endangering the efficiency of the system and the stability of the
geotechnical structure. GET PREDICTABLE
To evaluate the filtration behavior
Letterhead, of theSimple
Bills, envelopes... geotextile
and on filter in the MAINTENANCE ON SLURRY
SILVER = C0.M0.Y0.K30
MLDG, a modified gradient ratio test was blue
developed to model the
existing mechanisms of
white background
forthe
contrast on white
slurry
- darker with PMS 877
as it is deposited on the geotextile PUMPSLIGHT
WITHOUT THE COST
DARK BLUE = C90.M50.Y5.K40
BLUE = PMS285 or C91.M53.Y0.K0
filter. The following hypotheses were considered to develop the AND
OrangeCOMPLEXITY
= C0.M56.Y92.K0
experiment:

• First, the slurry reaches the geotextile with a solid/water ratio There are reliable
of 72 percent water/28 percent solid.
• In the early stage of the slurry/geotextile interaction, the water options outside
head will be similarBLUE
to the height of the
= C90.M50.Y5.K40 slurry,
PMS 7462 and the system mechanical
will settle. ROTATING SHAFT SEALING EXPERTS
• SILVER = PMS877
Eventually, more material or C47.M38.Y38.K2
will reach the deposit and will seals.
increase the water head, and eventually hydraulic gradient
prevailing in the vicinity of the interface.
BLACK ONLY LOGO - FAX, ETC.
Considering these hypotheses, a strategy was developed using a
testing apparatus conforming to ASTM D5101, modified to model
the scenario described above. A slurry was prepared to the prescribed
solid/water ratio using a tailing with particle size distribution shown in
PATENTED TECHNOLOGY
Fig. 6a.
To initiate the test, this slurry was deposited in a liquid form (Fig.
6b) on the surface of theGRAYSCALE
geotextile filter and selected for its filtration
LOGO
opening size less than 70 µm (per CGSB 148.1 n°10). This led to a total
head of about 300 mm above the geotextile.
A valve located downstream of the geotextile was opened to
initiate the test. The downstream section of the test cell was connected
to a container with a free surface and at a height of 150 mm above ASK OUR
the geotextile. Thus, the initial conditions were a water (slurry) head
of approximately 300 mm upstream from the geotextile and 150 mm
downstream. A “slurry head” of 150 mm was then applied on the
ENGINEERS.
PREMIUM MECHANICAL PACKING

geotextile filter, creating a flow through the geotextile while also PackRyt Bearing System
allowing the slurry to settle. Patented Product
The flow rate was measured along with the hydraulic head 64 Servistar Industrial Way | Westfield, MA 01085 | Phone: 413-564-5202
monitored under the geotextile at distances of 25 and 75 mm above the
TECHNICAL SERVICES GRAY
slurry. The combination of decreasing head pressure and sedimentation
MECHANICAL SEALS
64 Servistar Industrial Way | Westfield, MA 01085 | Phone: 413-564-5202
of the tailings was maintained until C78.M64.Y50.K39
the upstream and downstream ARE OVER-PRESCRIBED.
head equalized at 150 mm. In the process, the soil/geotextile interface 64 Servistar Industrial Way | Westfield, MA 01085 | Phone: 413-564-5202
developed a structure similar to what would likely be formed in the field. 64 Servistar Industrial Way | Westfield, MA 01085 | Phone: 413-564-5202
After equalization, the upper portion of the test cell was closed
and the standard gradient ratio PACKING
testAND
wasPACKRYT BLUEusing the standard
initiated
apparatus (Fig. 7), which applied a hydraulic gradient of 1.0. During
C90.M50.Y5.K40
the test, the same hydraulic head was monitored under the geotextile
at distances of 25 and 75 mm and above the soil/slurry. The flow rate ROTATING SHAFT SEALING EXPERTS
continued to be measured as well.
As there is no precise limit to FUTURE
differentiate a “soil” from a “slurry” Call us to find out why reliability
BLUE and maintenance managers
during the deposition phase, it was not possible to determine a flow
C91.M53.Y0.K0to calculate a permeability
rate through the porous media. Therefore, are moving to our patented solutions!
of a soil, geotextile or slurry, it was decided that a “permittivity” of the
entire system would be calculated by dividing the flow rate by the total white url
water head. This value was considered to be a sufficient indicator to Phone: 413-564-5202
observe a trend (that is, an increase or reduction of permeability over
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time). It is also a practical way to normalize the flow rate to the water Designed and Manufactured
head and to analyze the geotextile C60.M46.Y41.K10
interface behavior during the slurry in Westfield, MA
deposition stage of the test.
Results and observations are presented in Figs. 8 to 11. The
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 35
Water Management
Figure 5
External and internal views of the MLDG after three months following observations were made:
of percolation of sulfuric acid.
• The permittivity of the system, calculated by
dividing the flow rate per unit area at a given
time by the total hydraulic head, first decreased
to reflect the accumulation of soil particles at the
surface of the geotextile (Figs. 8 and 9). It eventually
stabilized and remained constant until the end
of the first part of the test (sedimentation). After
the complete settlement/deposition of the soil
particles, the second phase of the test was initiated
with the constant head test. The permittivity
Figure 6a+b remained at the same level as measured before.
Gradation of the tailing. It was therefore concluded that the permittivity
of the system remained stable over time and that
no clogging mechanism developed as the water
flowed through the system. In order to estimate
the permeability of the tailing/geotextile system,
the permittivity was multiplied by the height of soil
after deposition (measured from the outside of the
cell, as shown in Fig. 8d). A value of 6 × 10−5 cm/s
was determined, which was similar to the tailing
permeability documented by the owner. With a
consistent permeability of the system similar to that
of the native material, the system was considered to
be stable.
• Gradient ratio values of approximately 3 were
observed and remained stable throughout the
duration of the test (Fig. 10). Although 3 is at
the upper limit of what is generally considered
acceptable, it must be analyzed considering two
factors: (1) First, the soil was not compacted,
but installed in a slurry form. Consequently, the
arrangement of sedimented particles is likely to be
more compact in the vicinity of the filter, where the
water has the greatest potential for being drained,
and to generate a soil-like structure rather than
sludge. (2) Second, it does not evolve over time,
indicating that the permeability of the tailing/
geotextile interface does not decrease more rapidly
Figure 7 than the permeability of the tailing, measured at a
Setup of the filtration test (Gradient Ratio, ASTM D5101). distance from the interface. It is concluded from
the gradient ratio test that the geotextile filter is not
blocked/clogged because the gradient ratio values
remained stable through the duration of the test.
• The analysis of the evolution of the water heads
(Fig. 11) shows that more than half of the head
loss occurs between the top of the soil and the
piezometer located at a distance of 76 mm from the
geotextile: that is, on the very top of the sedimented
slurry. This observation can be explained by the
sedimentation process, which favors segregation of
the particles with the coarser particles settling first.
As a result, the gradation of the soil progresses,
with a decreasing concentration of coarser particles,
as the distance to the geotextile increases. This
mechanism favors creation of a very fine-grain layer
on the top of the soil surface, which exhibits a lower
permeability, thus a higher head loss on the upper
layer, as observed in Fig. 8.

36 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

 Water Management
Figure 8 Figure 9
Settlement of the slurry during the first stage of the test. Permittivity versus time.

Conclusion
The results of the gradient ratio test indicate that the
geotextile filter was not blocked or clogged and the gradient
ratio values remained stable throughout the duration of the
test.
It was observed that the permittivity of the system was
stable over time, indicating that no clogging mechanism
developed as the water flowed through the system.
Additionally, the permeability of the geotextile/tailing
Figure 10
system was similar to that of the native material and no Gradient ratio versus time.
decrease of permeability was observed, suggesting that the
system was stable.
Overall, it can be concluded that the tested geotextile,
with a FOS of 70 μm (maximum average value as measured
per CGSB 148.1 n°10) offers a good filtration performance
of the tailing with the given particle size distribution,
prepared as a 28 percent solid/72 percent water slurry
during both sedimentation and filtration under a hydraulic
gradient of 1.0.
These filtering characteristics, combined with long-term
performance under high normal loads (demonstrated by
Saunier et al.), suggests that Draintube MLDGs can be
considered a practical solution for applications involving
harsh chemical conditions and fine-grained materials. n

References
Arab, R., Cherifi, F. and Loudjani, F. (2009) Landfill drainage with
geocomposites, Colloque International Sols Non Saturés et Environnement,
Tlemcen, Algeria.
ASTM D 3895. Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time
of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, American Society for Figure 11
Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA.
ASTM D5101, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Water head versus time.
Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems, American Society for Testing and
Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA.
Blond, E., Bouthot, M., Vermeersch, O.G. and Mlynarek, J. (2003)
Selection of protective cushions for geomembrane puncture protection,
56th Annual Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada.
Blond, Fourmont, Saunier (2013) Biological clogging resistance of
tubular drainage geocomposites in leachate collection layers, proceedings
of Geosynthetics’2013, Long Beach, California
Saunier, P., Ragen, W. and Blond, E. (2009) Assessment of the
Resistance of DTPG to high compressive loads, Proceedings of 9th
International Conference on Geosynthetics, 2010, Brazil, 3: 1131.
Bickert, G. (2004). Tailings Dewatering Technologies for Australian
Coal Processing Plants. Australian Coal Industry’s Research Program,
Brisbane, Australia.
Caldwell, J., Revington, A., McPhail, G., Charlebois, L. (2014).
“Optimised seasonal deposition for successful management of treated
mature fine tailings.” In Proceedings of 17th International Seminar on
Paste and Thickened Tailings - Paste2014, Vancouver, Canada, 371-381.

www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 37

Resources and Reserves
Understanding the difference:
The CRIRSCO template and the UN framework
classification for resources
By David M. Abbott Jr.
T he 2019 Committee for Mineral Reserves
International Reporting Standards
(CRIRSCO) international reporting template
for the public reporting of exploration targets,
exploration results, mineral resources and
mineral reserves (the CRIRSCO template)
reflects a trend toward tighter corporate
governance and regulation and demands the
application of best practices in mineral resources
management as well as high standards of public
reporting by “responsible, competent persons.”
This template is designed to assist with the
dissemination and promotion of effective,
well-tried best practices for public reporting of
exploration targets, exploration results, mineral
resources and mineral reserves already widely
adopted through national
and regional reporting
By David M. Abbott Jr., consulting codes and standards.
mining geologist and geoscience Separately, the United
ethics columnist in Denver, CO. Nations Framework
Email dmageol@msn.com. Classification for Resources
38 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
(UNFC), updated in 2019, is designed for
the classification of a broad range of natural
resource occurrences.
One problem with having these two different
classification systems is that they have each
evolved with different goals. The CRIRSCO
template focuses only on currently identified
and exploitable deposits and is recognized by
international stock exchanges. The UNFC seeks
to identify and classify all existing and potential
mineral occurrences; those that are currently
exploitable and those that may be exploitable
25 to 50+ years from now. The UNFC provides
a consistent framework to describe the level of
confidence of the future quantities produced by
a given project. While this is a legitimate area of
inquiry for the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM)
and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the
conflict between these two organizations’
goals is summarized in the introduction to
USGS Circular 831, Principles of a Resource/
Reserve Classification for Minerals, published
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

in 1980: “Through the years, geologists, mining
engineers and others operating in the minerals
field have used various terms to describe and
classify mineral resources …. Some of these
terms have gained wide use and acceptance,
although they are not always used with precisely
the same meaning. Staff members of the USBM
and the USGS collect information about the
quantity and quality of all mineral resources, but
from different perspectives, and with different
purposes.”
The USBM and the USGS (1976) described
the two separate philosophical bases for
mineral occurrence classification by stating,
“Public attention usually is focused on current
economic availability of mineral or energy
materials (reserves). Long-term public and
commercial planning, however, must be based
on the probability of geologic identification of
resources in as yet undiscovered deposits and of
technologic development of economic extraction
processes for presently unworkable deposits.”
The CRIRSCO template is used by mining
companies and securities regulators and
exchanges while the UNFC is used by geological
surveys and bureaus of mines around the world.
Because the UNFC attempts to incorporate
the CRIRSCO template without clearly and
explicitly pointing out the system’s different
goals, the UNFC will continue to confuse the
general public. This confusion was started by the
USBM and USGS (1976, 1980 and 1983).
When the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) updated its mining disclosure
rules in regulation S-K 1300 in 2018, it included
the statement, “We do not believe the use
of USGS Circulars 831 and 891 for reserve
classification would be consistent with the
proposed [SEC] rules [for mineral disclosure].”
This is explicit recognition of the differences
between the SEC’s concern about currently
available estimated mineral resources and
mineral reserves versus the USBM and USGS’s
focus on potential, possible future locations of
extractable mineral deposits.
Historical development of classification
systems
Herbert Hoover (1909) recognized that
mineral deposit valuation depended on the type
of mineral deposit. Hoover addressed in situ
deposits of copper, gold, lead, silver, tin and zinc
and noted, “The valuation of alluvial deposits,
iron, coal and other minerals is each a special
science to itself …” Hoover recognized that a
variety of subjects are involved in the valuation
of any mineral deposit. He listed (1909) the
following valuation subjects:
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
Resources and Reserves
Table 1
Confusion between the meanings of resources and reserves.
Resources Reserves
Common English Available for current
Saved for future
usage use
May be available in Available for current
Mining usage
the future profitable extraction
• Determination of the average grade of
the deposit.
• Determination of the quantity of
valuable mineralization.
• Prospective value.
• Recoverable percentage of gross value
after mining and processing.
• Price(s) of the recoverable mineral(s).
• Cost of mining and processing.
• Redemption or amortization of capital
and interest.
The need for developing a generally
recognized system for accurately describing
all types of mineral occurrences began with
the development of the Australasian Joint Ore
Reserves Committee (JORC) Code for mining
firms and the USGS Bulletin 1450-A for long-
term planning. The following list summarizes the
relevant history of generally applicable mineral
resource definitions and classification systems
(based in part on Abbott and Rendu, 2019):
• 1909: H.H. Hoover, Principles of Mining;
defines proved and probable ore.
• 1972: First edition of the JORC Code.
• 1975: Banfield and Havard, Let’s define
our terms in mineral valuation: SME,
AIPG and SEC joint definitions.
• 1976: USBM and USGS Bulletin 1450-A
(all minerals).
• 1980: USBM and USGS Circular 831 (all
minerals).
• 1981: U.S. SEC Securities Act Release
33-6299. Original text of Industry Guide
7. The main complaint about Industry
Guide 7 was the lack of detail regarding
the various subjects that should be
addressed in determining that mineral
reserves exist. The first edition of the
SME Guide in 1991 helped alleviate this
lack of detail.
• 1983: USGS Circular 891 (coal).
• 1989: JORC update includes Fig. 1, now
used by all.
• 1991: First version of A Guide for
Reporting Exploration Information,
Resources and Reserves (The SME
Guide).
• 1992: U.S. SEC Industry Guide 7
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 39
Resources and Reserves
Figure 1
The CRIRSCO template.
published as a separate document.
• 1997: United Nations international
framework classification or reserves/
resources (UNFC 1997); based in part on
the Russian classification systems.
• 1997: “The Denver Accord.” CMMI
International Definitions Group meets in
Denver, CO.
• Provisional agreement on definitions of
mineral resources and mineral reserves.
• 1998: Agreement to incorporate CMMI
definitions in UN-ECE document.
Meeting of CMMI International
Definitions Group with Task Force of
United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe (UN-ECE), Geneva,
Switzerland. Mission of UN-ECE Task
Force: Develop international framework
classification for mineral resources and
mineral reserves.
• 1998: Canadian National Instrument
(NI)-43-101-Standards of Disclosure
for Mineral Projects (proposed 1998,
implemented 2000).
• 1999: CRIRSCO, The Combined
Reserves International Reporting
Standards Committee replaces the
CMMI International Definitions
Group. Is now known as the Committee
for Mineral Reserves International
Reporting Standards; CRIRSCO
acronym is retained.
• 1999: Second Version of A Guide for
Reporting Exploration Information,
Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves,
including the Denver accord definitions.
• 2007, 2014 and 2017 SME Guide
updated.
• 2009, 2013 and 2019 updates to UNFC;
2021 draft out for comment.
• 2015 bridging document for CRIRSCO
40 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
and UNFC (UNECE, 2015).
• 2018 SEC adoption of new mining rules,
Regulation S-K 1300, Fed. Reg. 83-66344.
• 2019 Current CRIRSCO template.
• 2021 draft update, UNFC (UECE, 2021).
While UNFC Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the 2019
UNFC, they do not include the words resources
and reserves; these terms are used in the title and
text of the UNFC.
The terms resources and reserves are not
defined in UNFC because they have specific
but different definitions in different sectors. The
terms are used here purely in a generic sense.
The challenge with this is that the definitions
of resources and reserves used in the minerals
industry are the reverse of their common English
meanings.
The UNFC is trying to be even broader,
including topics such as wind power,
groundwater resources, geothermal and
hydroelectric projects. The UNFC is attempting
to identify and classify resources that have
not traditionally been recognized by other
classification systems. This intentional use
of different meaning and purposes for the
same terms is unscientific. Science requires
strict adherence to defined terms for clear
communication.
While not quite as bad as the quoted
portion of USGS Circular 831, the UNFC
will continue to confuse the public by using
terms like “resources” and “reserves” without
specifically referring to and using the definitions
in the CRIRSCO template. Indeed, the use of
“resources” in the UNFC’s title suggests the
common rather than technical usage of the
term. Part of the problem is that the definitions
of “resources” and “reserves” as used in the
minerals industry are the reverse of their
common English meanings. Table 1 presents
the differences between the common English
and mineral industry usages of “resources” and
“reserves.” Such public confusion should be
avoided.
Defining resources and reserves
While the CRIRSCO template and related
classification systems attempt to modify and
specify the terms by using “mineral resources”
and “mineral reserves” instead of “resources”
and “reserves,” the distinction is not generally
recognized by the public. Alternative terms are
needed. One possible alternative is to replace
“resources” with “hopes and dreams.” This would
be a particularly appropriate categorization
for the UNFC. “Exploitable deposit type,”
for example, “exploitable lead deposit,” is a
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

Figure 2
The UNFC’s categories and examples of the classes within the UNFC system, shown
as colored cubes. The UNFC system is three dimensional.
possible alternative to “reserves.”
The UNFC uses “viable” and
“potentially viable” (Fig. 2),
but viable has other common
meanings, and so it is not a good
substitute for mineral resources
and mineral reserves.
“Ore” is not a suitable
replacement term for “reserves”
because while ore is used for many
types of deposits, particularly the
metallic deposits, its use has never
been universal.
“Coal ore” has never been
an accepted term. The other
problem with “ore” is its use as
a modifier for any material that
can be removed from the ground
and sold at a profit, for example,
ore mineral.Galena (PbS) is a
common lead (and sometimes
silver) ore mineral, but the
existence of galena in a particular deposit does
not mean that the deposit can be profitably
exploited.
Just before defining probable and prospective
ore for the first time, Hoover observed that the
terms “ore-in-sight” and “profit-in-sight” had
become subject to much malediction on the
part of engineers because these expressions
had been so badly abused by the charlatans of
mining in attempts to cover the flights of their
imaginations. In fact, today the substitutes for
these terms are becoming abused as much as
the originals. (All convincing expressions will be
misused by someone.)
Characteristics of the CRIRSCO template
and UNFC
The CRIRSCO template is supported by
the following classification systems: the JORC
Code, the SME Guide, the new SEC Regulation
S-K 1301(d), Canadian National Instrument NI
43-101 and other international codes issued by
members of CRIRSCO.
The basic concepts of the CRIRSCO
templates and UNFC mineral classification
systems are presented in the figures. CRIRSCO’s
Fig. 1 presents the general relationship between
exploration results, mineral resources and
mineral reserves. All the terms included in the
CRIRSCO template’s Fig. 1 are defined in the
template.
As shown in CRIRSCO Fig. 1, the general
relationships between exploration results,
mineral resources, and mineral reserves are
illustrated in two dimensions.
Figure 2 presents the UNFC’s categories and
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
Resources and Reserves
examples of the classes within the UNFC system,
shown as colored cubes. The UNFC system is
three dimensional.
The CRIRSCO template’s categories for
mineral resources and mineral reserves are
shown as the green and yellow cubes in the
UNFC system. The UNFC includes the violet
boxes for extracted mineralization that have
been either sold or used in operations as the
uneconomic mineralization that cannot be
recovered (for example, in pillars) or is included
within a mine’s waste stream. These categories
are not explicitly recognized within the
CRIRSCO template.
Figure 3 presents a different and abbreviated
version of the UNFC. Figure 3’s mapping
incorporates a number of topics included in the
modifying factors of the CRIRSCO template’s
Fig. 1: environmental impacts, social impacts,
economics, technical feasibility and degree of
confidence in the various estimates, particularly
geological confidence.
Figure 4 presents an additional mapping
between the CRIRSCO template and UNFC
classification systems.
The UNFC system is a resource classification
system without a definition of a competent
or qualified person as used in the CRIRSCO
template, and UNFC’s reporting guidelines make
it unacceptable for stock exchanges. The UNFC
should explicitly cite the CRIRSCO definitions
and restrict use of CRIRSCO defined terms to
the CRIRSCO definitions.
Another UNFC alternative detailed mapping
of CRIRSCO template and the UNFC E-F axes
are presented in Fig. 5.
Comparing Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 in detail gets
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 41
Resources and Reserves
Figure 3
The primary classes of the UNFC system. The abbreviations for the minimum categories on the
right side of the figure are E: environmental-social-economic viability, F: technical feasibility, and
G: degree of confidence.
confusing for experts, let alone for providing
useful information to the general public. The
UNFC’s detailed mapping has categories
described as inventory that are not defined
terms along with nonviable projects (the F2E3
group on Fig. 2) and projects lacking delineation
information (the F4E3 group on Fig. 2; hopes and
dreams material).
Remaining problematic areas with CRIRSCO
and UNFC
Both the CRIRSCO template and the
UNFC fail to clearly acknowledge and state
that extraction of individual deposits is not
Figure 4
A different mapping for the CRIRSCO and UNFC classification systems
(UNFC 2015).
42 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
sustainable as that
term is currently
understood. The
most commonly
cited definition
of sustainable
development comes
from the United
Nations Brundtland
Commission (1987)
report and states,
“Sustainable
development
is the kind of
development that
meets the needs of
the present without
compromising the
ability of future
generations to meet
their own needs.” Thus, there are no limits on the
life of a sustainable development as commonly
used and understood.
The problem is that individual mineral
deposits are finite in size, whether that size
is defined as in situ size or as economically
limited by a cut-off grade. Mineral deposits are
consequently depletable, and any extraction of
a particular deposit will eventually lead to its
exhaustion. Thus, by definition, the mining of a
particular deposit cannot be sustainable (Abbott,
2020 and 2021).
The 2021 draft UNFC document for public
comment (UNECE, 2021 (paragraph 75)) lists
the following core value principles that should
influence a competent person’s actions and
choices in connection with resource reporting.
These are in part:
• Sustainable development values: Should
demonstrate in-depth knowledge and
commitment to the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development (and SDGs).
• Care for the environment: Should
have a commitment to protect the
environment and preserve the earth’s
natural resources, both for today and for
generations into the future.
• Respect for diversity: Should have the
commitment to respect for gender justice
and diversity, such as race/ethnicity,
culture, language, gender, age, sexual
orientation or expression, religion and
disability.
In addition, mineral extraction (mining
and processing) has negative environmental
impacts: holes in the ground, waste piles, mine
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

Figure 5
Another UNFC alternative detailed mapping of the CRIRSCO template and the
UNFC E-F axes.
and processing plant sites, possible
effluents such as carbon dioxide, acid
mine drainage, and nitrates from
explosives,. Mitigation of these negative
impacts must be balanced with the
need to maximize recovery of the in
situ valuable minerals in a deposit
by lowering costs and therefore cut-
off grade in order to supply future
generations with needed minerals
(Abbott, 2020).
The general commitments of
both the CRIRSCO template and the
UNFC to protect the environment
and provide future generations with
needed minerals must recognize that mining of
individual deposits is not sustainable and has
negative environmental impacts that cannot be
eliminated, and thus must be accepted.
Conclusion
There are two separate conceptual bases
for mineral occurrence classification. The
CRIRSCO template and stock exchanges focus
on currently economically extractable deposits,
while bureaus of mines and geological surveys
like the UNFC’s focus on the probability of
geologic identification of mineral accumulations
in as yet undiscovered deposits, and for presently
identified but unworkable deposits requiring
the technological development of improved and
cheaper extraction processes.
Failure to explicitly and forthrightly disclose
and discriminate between the differences among
these two conceptual systems can and does
easily confuse the general public, particularly
when both classification systems use terms like
resources and reserves and have different and
confusing technical and general usages.
The UNFC should be modified to cease use
of resources and reserves and similar terms and
require explicit compliance with the CRIRSCO
template’s definitions and guidance regarding
currently exploitable deposits. Indeed, substitutes
for resources and reserves in mineral deposit
reporting should be agreed upon. The author
suggests that occurrences replace resources and
exploitable replace reserves in the UNFC. n
Acknowledgments
Aaron W. Johnson and Donald E. Hulse
reviewed drafts of this paper and provided
helpful comments.
References
Abbott, David, M., Jr., 2020, Natural resources and
sustainability: geoethics fundamentals and reality: The
Professional Geologist, Oct.Nov.Dec 2020, p. 19-25.
———2021, Is mining sustainable? Balancing demand
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
Resources and Reserves
and requirements for minerals will be critical: Mining
Engineering, July 2021, Rock in the Box column, p. 120 & 123.
———and Rendu, J-M, 2019: “1934 through Industry
Guide 7” and “Working Party 79 to early SME Guide” in
The SEC’s new Regulation S-K 1300 for mining property
disclosure, the SEC’s response to three decades of joint
advocacy by SME and the National Mining Association:
presentation by the SME Resources and Reserves
Committee, February 26, 2019 at the SME Annual Meeting
in Denver.
Banfield, A.F., and Havard, J.F., 1975. Let’s define our
terms in mineral valuation: Mining Engineering, July 1975, p.
74-78.
CRIRSCO International Reporting Template for the
Public Reporting of Exploration Targets, Exploration Results,
Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, 2019: http://www.
crirsco.com/template.asp, 79 p.
Hoover, H.H., 1909, Principles of Mining: McGraw-Hill
Book Company,199 p.
JORC Code, 1972, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1992, 1996, 1999,
2004, 2012, Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC),
Australasian code for reporting of exploration results,
mineral resources, and ore reserves: https://www.jorc.org/
docs/JORC_code_2012.pdf.
SME Guide, 1991, 1999, 2007, 2014, 2017: A Guide for
Reporting Exploration Information, Resources and Reserves:
Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME),
https://smenet.blob.core.windows.net/smecms/sme/media/
smeazurestorage/professional%20development/pdf%20files/
smeguidereporting_updatedmay2021.pdf.
U.N. Brundtland Commission, 1987, Our Common
Future: Oxford University Press, 400 pp.
UNECE, 2015, Bridging Document Between the
CRIRSCO Template and UNFC-2009 Revised Annex III:
https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/energy/se/pdfs/UNFC/
UNFC_specs/
Revised_CRIRSCO_Template_UNFC_Bridging_
Document.pdf, 7 p.
—————, 2021, Draft United Nations Framework
Classification for Resources Supplemental Specifications for
Minerals Projects: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/
Draft%20Minerals%20Specs%20Public%20Comments.pdf.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, Coal resource classification
system of the US Geological Survey: USGS Circular 891, 72 p.
U.S. Bureau of Mines and US Geological Survey, 1976,
Principles of the mineral resource classification system of the
U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey: USGS
Bulletin, 1450-A, 13 p.
—————, 1980, Principles of a resource/reserve
classification for minerals: USGS Circular 831, 10 p.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2018,
Modernization of property disclosures for mining registrants,
17 CFR Parts 229, 230, 239, and 249: Federal Register, v. 83, p.
66344-66461 (Fed. Reg. 83-66344).
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 43
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 MME Technical-Paper Abstracts

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Optimal pitwall shapes to increase financial return and decrease

carbon footprint of openpit mines
S. Utili1,2,*, A. Agosti2, N. Morales3, C. Valderrama4, R. Pell5 and G. Albornoz6
1
OptimalSlope Ltd, London, UK
2
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
3
Département de Génies Civil Géologique et des Mines, Polytechnique Montréal, Canada
4
Itasca Chile, Santiago, Chile
5
Minviro Ltd, London, UK
6
SRK Chile, Santiago, Chile
*Corresponding author email: stefano_utili@optimalslope.com

Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:335–355, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00546-8

Keywords: Optimal pitwalls, NPV optimization, Carbon footprint reduction

Special Extended Abstract

The steepness of an openpit mine’s slopes has a substantial
influence on the mine’s financial return. This paper proposes
a novel design methodology where overall steeper pitwalls
are employed without compromising the safety of the mine.
In current design practice, pitwall profiles are often planar in
cross section within each rock layer: that is, the profile incli-
nation across each layer tends to be constant. Here, instead,
a new geotechnical software, OptimalSlope, is used to deter-
mine optimal pitwall profiles of depth-varying inclination.
OptimalSlope seeks the solution of a mathematical optimiza-
tion problem where the overall steepness of the pitwall, from
crest to toe, is maximized for an assigned lithology, geotechni-
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
cal properties and factor of safety (FoS). Bench geometries
— bench height, face inclination, minimum berm width — are
imposed in the optimization as constraints that bind the maxi-
mum local inclination of the sought optimal profile together
with any other constraints, such as geological discontinuities,
that may influence slope failure. The obtained optimal pro-
files are always steeper than their planar counterparts — that
is, the planar profiles exhibiting the same FoS — up to 8 de-
grees, depending on rock type and severity of constraints on
local inclinations. The design of a copper mine is first carried
out with planar pitwalls, and then adopting the optimal pit-
wall profiles determined by OptimalSlope. The adoption of
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 45
MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
optimal slope profiles leads to a 34 percent higher net present
value (NPV), and reductions of carbon footprint and energy
consumption of 0.17 Mt of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2
eq) and 82.5 million MJ, respectively, due to a 15 percent re-
duction of rockwaste volume.
Methodology
The block model of the copper deposit used as a case
study was provided by a mining company collaborating with
the Delphos Mine Planning Laboratory at the University of
Chile. All the parameters needed to perform the pit design
were taken from Parra et al. [1]. From the site lithology and
geotechnical properties, two roughly uniform pit sectors
were identified in Parra et al. [1]. In each sector, one rep-
resentative cross section was assumed to design the pitwall
profile. Table 1 lists the rock geotechnical parameters, and
Table 2 the values adopted for the economic parameters and
metallurgical recovery.
Pitwall design. In the design of pitwalls, we followed the
standard practice of starting with the design of benches and
then moved to the overall pitwall profiles. The height of
the benches adopted for the whole mine was 10 m [1]. We
computed the minimum berm width, bw, using the modified
Ritchie’s criteria.
Then, we computed the geotechnically optimal slope
profiles for the cross sections of the mine using the pro-
prietary OptimalSlope code [2]. The code requires bench
height, bench face inclination, minimum berm width and
road width as inputs. The optimal pitwall profile is defined as
the overall steepest safe profile: OSA = OSAmax, with OSA
being the inclination over the horizontal of the line joining
the pitwall toe to the crest (Fig. 1). OSAmax is determined
by OptimalSlope iteratively. The main algorithm finds the
optimal pitwall shape for an assigned OSA and geometric
constraints (αi max values). An initial-guess OSA value is first
determined for the specified pitwall height, the geotechni-
cal properties of all the layers and the specified FoS on the
basis of a database of stability charts built in OptimalSlope.
The FoSi associated with the optimal profile found at the i-th
iteration is then compared with the target FoS. If it is higher
than the FoStarget, a steeper OSA is prescribed at the next
iteration; if it is lower, a less steep OSA is prescribed.
Pit optimization. To assign the pitwall profiles into the
Geovia Whittle pit optimizer, we split the block model into
“zones” (according to the Whittle terminology) using Geovia
Surpac and assigned a slope inclination to each zone. Then,
to compute the ultimate pit limit (UPL) and pushbacks, we
first ran Whittle to produce the discounted best-case-scenar-
io curve in the pit-by-pit graph and then used the Milawa
NPV algorithm to generate a specified-case-scenario curve
for an initial set of pushbacks, chosen in correspondence of
sharp increases exhibited by the best-case-scenario curve.
Finally, we chose the UPL in correspondence to the highest
point of the plateau exhibited by the specified-case curve.
Results
The pitwall profiles obtained as a result of the pit design
process are plotted in Fig. 2a for pit sector 1. The FoSs of all
the pitwall profiles were verified by performing a limit equi-
librium method (LEM) analysis with the Morgenstern–Price
method in Slide2 software. The pitwall profiles used in the
Slide2 analyses are shown in Fig. 2b for the pit design adopt-
ing planar profiles and in Fig. 2c for the pit design adopting
optimal profiles together with their FoSs. In all the cases, the
FoS found is less than 1 percent from the target value of 1.3.
For the optimal pitwall profiles, we performed additional
stability analyses using the FLAC3D 7.0 software, having as-
signed a unit length in the out-of-plane direction. The critical
failure mechanisms identified by Slide2 and FLAC3D and
the associated FoSs are shown in Fig. 2c. In both mine sec-

Table 1 — Geotechnical properties [1]. (a) (b)

UCS (MPa) GSI mi D γ (kN/m )3

Pit sector S1 65 45 15 1 25.9

Pit sector S2 50 45 12 1 25.9

Table 2 — Economic parameters and metallurgical

recovery [1].
Copper price US$6,000/t US$3/lb
Selling cost US$1,700/t US$0.85/lb
Reference mining cost
3.4
(US$/t)
Processing cost (US$/t) 6.1 Fig. 1 (a) A generic candidate slope profile. The toe of the profile
is at the origin (x0, y0), point C is the slope crest. A uniform
Metallurgical recovery (%) 85 discretization along the z direction is adopted. The red and blue
MCAF (US$/t/bench) 0.13 lines enclose the region where the profiles are sought. The profile
is discretized in n Δz intervals so there are n − 1 unknowns to be
Discount rate (%) 10
determined: x1, x2, … , xn − 1. In the context of openpit mines, a good
Processing method limit (Mt/y) 5 choice of Δz is to assume Δz equal to the bench height.
Mining limit (Mt/y) 10 (b) Determination of αi max based on bench geometry
(input to OptimalSlope).

46 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com


Table 3 — Pit optimization economic and metallurgical
results.
Planar pitwalls Optimal pitwalls
UPL output
S1 S2 S1
Overall slope angle (°) 48 43.8 50.1
HUPL (m) 270 220 280
Waste (t) 23,707,500 20,651,462
Ore (t) 59,314,446 59,232,285
Stripping ratio 0.40
NPV (US$) 34,561,747 46,231,284
IRR (%) 13.9
Life (year) 12.22
Payback (year) 3.89
NPV increase (%) 33.8
tors, the FoSs found are less than 1 percent from the target
value of 1.30.
Figure 2a allows a visual comparison between the planar
pitwall profile of a traditional design, demarcated by the or-
ange line, and the optimal pitwall profile, demarcated by the
blue line. The optimal profile is clearly steeper than the pla-
nar one. The FoS of the entire UPL was verified by perform-
ing a 3D finite difference method analysis with FLAC3D 7.0.
Throughout the entire mine, the minimum FoS found was
1.67. This value is significantly higher than the FoS values
obtained earlier by the 2D FLAC analyses of approximately
1.30 and 1.31, respectively.
The key output data for the two design cases are pro-
vided in Table 3. The NPV for the design based on optimal
pitwalls is around US$12 million higher than the NPV of the
design based on planar pitwalls. Therefore, adoption of the
optimal profiles would lead to a NPV increase of 34 percent.
Such an increase is to be ascribed to a substantial decrease
of rockwaste volume — around 15 percent, from 23.7 × 106 t
to 20.7 × 106 t — while the amount of ore extracted is similar.
We computed the energy required to mine both orebody
and waste rock together with the associated carbon foot-
print for both design types (with planar and with optimal
pitwalls) based on Munoz et al. [3]. The energy consumption
was calculated for each mined block of the UPL. The adop-
tion of optimal pitwalls leads to reductions of carbon foot-
print and energy consumption of 0.17 Mt CO2 eq and 82.5
million MJ, respectively, over the life of the mine. To provide
some context, a reduction of 0.17 Mt CO2 eq is equivalent to
the carbon sequestered by 2.8 million tree seedlings grown
for 10 years.
Conclusions
For the mine case study considered, the adoption of geo-
technically optimal profiles led to a 34 percent higher NPV
and reductions of carbon footprint and energy consumption
of 0.17 Mt CO2 eq and 82.5 million MJ, respectively, due to
a 15 percent reduction of waste rock volume compared with
the traditional design based on planar pitwalls.
The FoS values of the pitwall profiles determined by Opti-
malSlope were independently verified by two widely used geo-
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
(a)
S2
51.3
150
0.35
15.8
12.12
3.57
(b) (c)
Fig. 2 UPL pitwalls for sector S1: (a) Comparison between
the pitwall profile for traditional design (planar pitwall is in
orange) and the optimal design (optimal pitwall is in blue, the
black dots represent the xi, zi coordinates obtained as output
from OptimalSlope. (b) Failure mechanism (black line) and
FoS determined by 2D limit equilibrium method (Slide2) for
the planar profile. (c) Failure mechanism (black line) and FoS
determined by 2D limit equilibrium method (Slide2) and shear
strain magnitude determined by finite difference method with
shear strength reduction (FLAC3D) for the optimal profile.
technical software packages for the geotechnical verification of
openpit mines, Slide2 and FLAC, confirming that the pitwall
profiles determined by OptimalSlope are as safe as their planar
counterparts.
OptimalSlope was also used in the designs of two oth-
er case studies: a contemporary mine being developed by
Kinross [4], and the case of the McLaughlin mine, where a
publicly available block model was used [5]. In both cases,
employing optimal pitwall profiles in the mine design led to
significant NPV increases, up to 52.7 percent, and substantial
decreases of energy consumption and carbon footprint. ■
Selected references
1. Parra A, Morales N, Vallejos J, Nguyen PMV (2017) Openpit mine planning considering
geomechanical fundamentals. Int J Min Reclam Environ 32(4):221–238
2. OptimalSlope (2021): Software for the determination of optimal profiles for slopes
and pitwalls, www.optimalslope.com
3. Munoz J, Guzman RR, Botin JA (2014). Development of a methodology that
integrates environmental and social attributes in the ore resource evaluation and
mine planning. Int J Mining Mineral Eng 5:38–58
4. Agosti A, Utili S, Gregory D, Lapworth A, Samardzic J, Prawasono A (2021) Design
of an openpit goldmine by optimal pitwall profiles. CIM Journal 12(4):149–168
5. Agosti A, Utili S, Valderrama C, Albornoz G (2021) Optimal pitwall profiles to maximise
the overall slope angle of openpit mines: the McLaughlin mine. ACG Proceedings
of Slope Stability in Mining Conference, Perth, Australia, 69–82
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 47
MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) in underground coal mines:
A literature review and practical considerations
Chenming Zhou*, Miguel Reyes and Matthew Girman
CDC NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
*Corresponding author email: czhou@cdc.gov
Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:421–431, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00535-3
Keywords: Electromagnetic interference (EMI), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Radio emission
Special Extended Abstract
This paper is aimed at helping the mining industry to bet-
ter understand the challenges posed by electromagnetic inter-
ference (EMI) and to promote electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC) in underground coal mines. The paper begins with
a review of EMI standards in other industries, then presents
some representative examples of EMI instances that have oc-
curred in the mining industry, followed by a literature review
of published EMI research in mining and, finally, a discussion
on mitigation strategies and practical considerations related
to EMI in mining.
Introduction
Modern smart mining increasingly depends on the use of
sophisticated electrical and electronic systems for improved
safety and better productivity. With more electronic systems
being introduced underground, the mining industry is facing
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues caused by elec-
tromagnetic energy emitted by one device adversely impact-
ing the normal function of another.
As shown in the EMI triangle model in Fig. 1, an EMI
instance is usually associated with three key components: a
source, a victim, and coupling/propagation paths from the
source to the victim. All three elements in underground min-
ing environments are unique as compared to those elements
in other environments, and thus, the EMI in underground
mining deserves a special consideration.
EMI instances, scope and standards
Historically, there have been a variety of EMI instances
reported in underground coal mines. One of the most recent
notable EMI instances is that the magnetic fields emitted
from a personal dust monitor
interfere with the normal op-
eration of a proximity detec-
tion system. More examples
can be found in the full paper.
EMI standards have been
formulated to ensure that
electronic devices and sys-
tems are able to tolerate a
specified degree of interfer-
ence and not generate more
than a specified amount of
Fig. 1 An EMI triangle model
to illustrate the three key interference. As a result, the
elements for an EMI instance scope of EMI typically in-
to occur. cludes two broad categories:
48 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
susceptibility and emissions. The susceptibility category in-
cludes characterizing a victim’s susceptibility to conducted
emissions, radiated emissions, lightning and electrostatic
discharge (ESD), and comparing them to the corresponding
given regulatory limits. The emissions category then covers
characterizing and regulating conducted and radiated emis-
sions from a device across the spectrum.
Currently, a standard or set of requirements for dealing
with EMI specifically in mining does not exist. However,
numerous organizations have attempted to resolve EMI
issues by developing standards for emissions and suscepti-
bility testing in other industries. For example, in the United
States, the U.S. military created the standard MIL-STD-461
to control the EMI issues in subsystems and equipment used
in military environments. A review of EMI standards devel-
oped in other industries that may be applicable to mining
can be found in Girman et al. [1].
Published research, mitigation strategies and
practical considerations
Although it has been extensively investigated in many
other industries, EMI in the mining industry has received
much less attention, and the corresponding published re-
search pertaining to EMI in mining is relatively scarce. Some
major research efforts conducted by different institutions in
the world are reviewed in the full paper.
Generally, EMI effects can be mitigated by attacking one
or more of the three elements shown in Fig. 1. Particularly,
EMI mitigation can be achieved by (1) suppressing the emis-
sion at its source, (2) making the coupling path less efficient,
and (3) making the victim more robust to the emission. Typi-
cal EMI mitigation strategies include shielding, grounding,
filtering and distancing, which are discussed in detail in the
full paper.
Mineworkers should consider the EMI triangle — that is,
source, victim and path — when examining a suspected EMI
incident and stay alert when operating electronic devices in
the vicinity of EMI sources. Some practical examples of po-
tential EMI sources in an underground coal mine are wire-
less communication and tracking systems, such as handheld
radios; electronic systems, such as personal dust monitors,
called PDMs; power centers; variable-frequency-drive sys-
tems; electric motors; and lightning, whose effects can pen-
etrate the earth overburden and reach areas inside a mine.
In addition to the mitigation strategies discussed above,
EMI effects and associated safety concerns can be ultimately
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

reduced by developing and applying EMI standards across
the mining industry. The formulations of EMI standards of-
ten are related to the equipment and operational environ-
ments in a specific industry. As such, different EMI stan-
dards are formulated for different industries. Compared to
other industries, the mining industry has some unique char-
acteristics in terms of its geological and EM environments
that one must consider when developing a mining-specific
EMI standard.
Conclusions
An overview of EMI in underground coal mines is pre-
MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
sented, and the impacts and practical solutions of EMI that
can affect the health and safety of mineworkers are investi-
gated. Some key issues and practical considerations pertain-
ing to EMI in mining are highlighted. It is concluded that
similar to EMI standards that were developed in many
other industries decades ago, ultimately mining-specific
EMI standards may need to be promoted to overcome the
increasing EMI issues in underground mining. ■
Selected reference
1. Girman M, Reyes M, Zhou C (2022) An overview of existing EMI standards applicable
to mining. Mining Metall Explor 39(1):77–88

Trace-element content and partition in apatite-group minerals

in phosphate ore from Catalão, Brazil
Angela Nair Avelar1,*, Paulo R.G. Brandão1 and Reiner Neumann2
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
2
Centre for Mineral Technology, Division for Technological Characterisation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Postgraduate Program in Geosciences,
National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*Corresponding author email: angelaavelar@gmail.com

Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:679–688, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00559-3

Keywords: Apatite, Phosphate ore, LA-ICP-MS, Electron microprobe, Trace elements, Compositional zoning

Special Extended Abstract

Three types of apatite were identified by means of cath-
odoluminescence (CL) images in flotation concentrate and
tailing samples from the Catalão Mine in Brazil. They are
predominantly blue apatite, followed by green apatite and,
less frequently, yellow apatite. The chemical compositions of
these types of apatite were determined by electron microprobe
analysis and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass
spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Blue and green apatite respond-
ed well to the process, thus remaining in the concentrate, while
yellow apatite remained in the tailings. Yellow apatite has the
lowest phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5 ) content and largest an-
ionic and cationic sites substitution, followed by green apatite,
whereas blue apatite is the most homogeneous, with highest
phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) grades and lowest substitu-
tion level. A negative correlation of the amount of phospho-
rus with fluorine was observed. Furthermore, impregnation of
iron oxide-hydroxides in the yellow apatite was also observed.
Therefore, the low flotation behavior is due to low crystallin-
ity coupled with impregnation onto its surface.
fluorapatite, chlorapatite or hydroxylapatite, while Ca occu-
pies both the M1 and M2 sites. Although the predominance
in the occupation of the sites defines the mineral name, its
composition may be more complex.
The flotation efficiency of phosphate ores of igneous ori-
gin is influenced by the mineralogical composition of the ore
that feeds the concentration process. Several studies tried to
link the chemical composition of apatite to process efficien-
cy, but usually no significant differences could be detected in
the bulk sample.
In this study, based on CL analyses, we attempt to es-
tablish a correlation between the CL color and the chemi-

Background
Phosphorus is obtained from the mining of phosphate
rocks — mainly, the mining of minerals belonging to the
apatite group. These ores represent a limited and nonrenew-
able resource [1]. Apatite supergroup is a term referring to
a series of hexagonal and monoclinic phosphates having the
general chemical formula IXM14VIIM26(IVTO4)6X2 [2]. The
most common minerals of this group are the calcium phos-
phates, and the occupation of the X site defines terms as
Fig. 1 BSE images of apatite from siliceous carbonate ore by
electron microprobe analysis, and their respective CL images
(inserts) of the different colors of the apatite: (a) extensively
altered texture, typical of yellow apatite, and (b) green apatite as
a rim of blue apatite and liberated green apatite. Carbonates are
colored yellow/orange (calcite) and red/pink (dolomite).

www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 49

MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
cal composition of the different types of apatite from the croscope and backscattered-electron (BSE) images. There
Catalão Mine in Brazil. Variations in composition and zon- are a considerable number of grains with a blue apatite core
ing were found in apatite grains in the concentrate and waste and green apatite rim (Fig. 1).
from flotation. The correlation of CL colors and processing perfor-
The LA-ICP-MS data complement the quantification of mance is established for the first time in this study, and the
the elements, which were identified by electron microprobe chemical signature accounting for the CL colors could po-
analysis for the separate apatite types. The results of these tentially also have an impact on the processing performance.
analyses are useful to guide the development of process routes Electron-microprobe and LA-ICP-MS point analysis
that may contribute to increase the flotation performance. were performed on these blue, green and yellow domains
of apatite in order to reveal compositional contrasts. Table 1
Results presents the average compositions and standard deviations
The CL images identified three types of apatite: blue of the blue, green and yellow apatite. The structural formula
apatite, green apatite and yellow apatite. Apatite with blue was calculated based on 10 M-site atom occupancy. According
and green hues under CL are dominant in the concentrates, to wavelength dispersive spectrometry analysis, all the types
while yellow and green apatite are common in tailings. Com- of apatite investigated in this study are fluorapatite, bearing
positional zoning is common and detectable in optical-mi- more than 2 percent fluorine (F) by mass with the chlorine
(Cl) content either at the limit or below
electron-microprobe detection.
Table 1 — Chemical composition (electron microprobe analysis) and calcu-
Most of the trace-element concen-
lation of the structural formula (based on 10 M-site atom occupancy) of the
trations detectable by LA-ICP-MS dif-
types of apatite differentiated by CL (N = number of analyses for each type).
fer by two or three orders of magnitude.
Oxides Blue apatite (N=129) Green apatite (N=95) Yellow apatite (N=62) The chondrite-normalized distribu-
(wt %) avg StDev avg StDev avg StDev tion pattern of the rare earth elements
CaO 52.15 0.78 49.89 2.42 49.82 2.47 (Fig. 2) presents a similar profile for
the three varieties of apatite, with light
Na2O 0.1 0.10 0.18 0.13 0.44 0.69
rare earth elements — lanthanum (La)
SrO 0.79 0.24 2.93 2.58 1.77 1.53 to neodymium (Nd) — enriched over
MnO 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.06 the heavy ones — samarium (Sm) to
Fe2O3 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.21 0.43 lutetium (Lu). The chondrite-normal-
ized lanthanum-ytterbium ratios (La/
MgO 0.03 0.08 0.25 0.39 0.36 0.59
Ybcn) ratios vary widely: for blue apa-
La2O3 0.24 0.14 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.14
tite, 194 to 799; for green apatite, 197 to
Ce2O3 0.57 0.30 0.58 0.41 0.55 0.35 591; and for yellow apatite, 155 to 548.
Pr2O3 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 Chakmouradian et al. [3] found La/Ybcn
Nd2O3 0.22 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.06 0.21 ratios between 30 and 500 for igneous
P2O5 40.61 0.60 38.01 2.68 37.02 3.49
apatite, and below 25 for hydrother-
mal varieties. All varieties of apatite
SiO2 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 in the siliceous carbonate ore found in
Cl n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Catalão are thus of igneous origin.
F 1.75 0.46 3.02 0.97 3.02 0.97
TOTAL 96.74 0.85 94.55 1.82 94.16 3.85
Conclusions
In this study, CL imaging identified
F=O 0.73 0.19 1.28 0.41 1.27 0.41 three varieties of apatite that could be
site cations (apfu)* related to chemical signatures: (1) CL-
Ca 9.59 0.10 9.37 0.33 9.41 0.37 blue apatite, probably primary, which
presents few cationic and anionic site
Na 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.13
substitutions; (2) CL-green apatite, rich-
Sr 0.07 0.01 0.32 0.27 0.21 0.16 er in strontium (Sr) and F, suggesting
Mn n.d. n.d. 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 incipient carbonation, whose color may
Fe n.d. n.d. 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 be attributed to higher manganese (Mn)
M values, occurring liberated or associated
Mg 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.17
with blue apatite grains, especially at its
La 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01
rim, and (3) CL-yellow variety, whose
Ce 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 mineral chemistry resembles the green
Pr 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 type but presenting more inclusions and
Nd 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 pores, also commonly assigning higher
P 5.89 0.11 5.70 0.54 5.74 0.61
iron (Fe) values.
T It is already known that the selectiv-
Si n.d. n.d. 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.01 ity of flotation processes is significantly
X F 0.94 0.24 1.63 0.58 1.64 0.56 influenced by the specificity of the inter-
n.d. = below detection limit, *atoms per formula units (apfu) calculated for 10 M-site atom occupancy. actions between minerals and reagents;

50 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

 MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
therefore, variations in composition and
the crystal structure of these minerals
can change this phenomenon. The yel-
low apatite is impregnated with iron
oxide-hydroxides and contains metal
cations in the lattice, as seen in the mi-
croprobe results, which can affect the
crystal lattice and crystallinity degree.
This might further be the case for the
minor and trace elements as assayed by
LA-ICP-MS, which might vary in orders
of magnitude. The presence of iron-
bearing species on the mineral surface
probably enhanced the hydrophilic-
ity of apatite, resulting in the reduction
of the adhesion of collector molecules Fig. 2 Primitive-mantle-normalized spidergram showing relative concentrations of
onto the mineral surface sites. ■ elements in apatite from Catalão. Primitive mantle data from Taylor and McLenman [4].

Selected references
1. Pufahl PK, Groat, LA (2017) Sedimentary and igneous phosphate deposits: formation
and exploration. An invited paper. Economic Geology 112(3):483–516
2. Pasero M, Kampf AR, Ferraris C, Pekov IV, Rakovan J, White TJ (2010) Nomenclature
of the apatite supergroup minerals. Eur J Mineral 22:163–179
3. Chakmouradian AR, Reguir EP, Zaitsev AN, Couëslan C, Xu C, Kynický J, Mumin
AH, Yang P (2017) Apatite in carbonatitic rocks: compositional variation, zoning,
element partitioning and petrogenetic significance. Lithos 274:188–213
4. Taylor SR, McClennan SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and
evolution. Blackwell, Oxford. 312 pp

Coal and rock classification with rib images and machine learning
techniques
Yuting Xue
CDC NIOSH Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
*Corresponding author email: qcj1@cdc.gov

Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:453–465, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00526-4

Keywords: Rock classification, Image processing, Patch, Machine learning, SVM

Special Extended Abstract

The classification of rock and coal will assist in automat-
ed coal rib rating and shearer horizon control, and is studied
with machine learning techniques in this work. A database
of rock and coal images is created by filtering photographs
taken by researchers from the National Institute for Occupa-
tional Safety and Health (NIOSH). The classifier was trained
with patches extracted from the coal and rock images, and an
accuracy score of 0.9 was obtained. The trained classifier was
then applied to classify rock from a new coal rib image with
three rock layers of different thicknesses, and good agreement
was achieved. The results demonstrate that it is promising to
use machine learning techniques and rib images for rock and
coal classification.
Introduction
NIOSH researchers are currently developing a coal pillar
rib rating (CPRR) technique to quantify the bearing capacity
of coal ribs to eliminate injuries and fatalities due to rib falls
[1]. The presence, location and thickness of rock partings af-
fect the performance of coal ribs, and different adjustments
are conducted for rib rating. Thus, one important step of coal
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
rib rating is to classify rock from coal ribs. The classification
of rock from coal ribs can also be applied for shearer horizon
control at the longwall mining face. This enables a shearer to
automatically track the interface between coal and rock, pro-
viding information for the shearer to adjust the cutting drum.
In this work, machine learning techniques were applied to
classify rock from coal rib images.
Database and method
Each image is made up of pixels. The pixel value repre-
sents the color intensity. For RGB images, there are three
color channels: red, green and blue. An RGB image has
three layers with each layer of a matrix of pixel values, and
thus the image is represented as a three-dimensional array,
which are features for machine learning.
The process to generate the databases is shown in Fig.1.
During extensive field trips, NIOSH researchers took pho-
tographs to capture the failure mode of coal ribs. In order
to capture the representative features of coal and rock, the
photographs with fresh rock and/or coal surface were se-
lected. Smaller images, or patches, were further extracted to
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 51
MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
generate a large database. The patches have the same size of
50 × 50 in pixels and potentially contain the same amount
of information for coal and rock, and the feature extraction
and classification are conducted on the patches. There are
10,500 and 14,500 patches extracted for coal and rock, re-
spectively, making a total of 25,000 patches for model train-
ing and validation.
Various machine learning techniques from the Scikit-
Learn package were used [2]. Principal component analysis
(PCA), a dimensionality reduction technique, was applied to
extract meaningful features by projecting the data onto the
principal axes and measuring the importance of each fea-
ture. The goal is to represent the data in a suitable lower
dimension and retain essential features. Support vector ma-
chine (SVM) was used as the classifier. It is a discriminative
classifier formally defined by a set of hyperplanes in a high-
or infinite-dimensional space. The PCA preprocessor and
SVM classifier could be further packaged into a pipeline.
When there are new data, the pipeline preprocesses them
and feeds the processed data into the classifier for predic-
tion. Furthermore, a grid search cross-validation method
was used to tune the model hyperparameters controlling the
model performance. Finally, the database was randomly split
into a training set (75 percent) to train the classifier, and a
testing set (25 percent) to evaluate the model performance.
Results and discussions
Model performance. The performance of the trained
SVM classifier was evaluated with the testing dataset. The
evaluation shows there were 627 wrong predictions and 5,636
correct predictions, leading to an accuracy score of 0.900. At
Fig. 1 Image-processing procedures to generate the database.
Fig. 2 Model application with SVM classifier.
52 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
the same time, there were 295 false negative cases and 3,316
true positive cases, leading to a recall score of 0.918. The high
accuracy score and recall scores demonstrate the capability
of the classifier in classifying rock from coal.
Influence of patch size. Patch size affects the number of
captured features, and different patch sizes, including 25 ×
25, 50 × 50, 75 × 75 and 100 × 100 pixels, were used to study
their influence on model accuracy. The learning curves, a
tool to show how the model responds to increasing train-
ing data, show that the training and testing scores are con-
verging to different values with increasing training data. The
general trend is that larger patch size leads to higher testing
score. However, the difference in testing scores decreases
with increasing patch size. The testing curves for patch sizes
of 75 × 75 and 100 × 100 almost overlap with any training
size, indicating that, for the rock and coal image database,
a size of 75 × 75 pixels is representative to include essential
rock and coal features.
Application. A new rib image was used to show the ap-
plication of the technique (Fig. 2). Part of the image with
fresh surface was cropped and imported. A sliding window
function was used to extract 50 × 50 patches from the input
image. A total of 5,106 patches were extracted and fed into
the pipeline for dimensionality reduction and prediction.
The predicted rock patches are marked with a red border.
It shows the approximate locations of the three rock layers.
However, the accuracy depends on patch size and rock layer
thickness. The top layer has the maximum thickness, and the
whole layer is accurately predicted by overlapping patches.
When the thickness reduces, there is
less overlapped rock patches, resulting
from the lesser contribution of the rock
layer to the patch.
Conclusions
Machine learning techniques were
used to classify rocks from coal rib im-
ages in gateroads. The trained SVM
classifiers show good performance with
an accuracy score of 0.90. It was then
used to classify rock patches from a coal
rib image. The highlighted rock patches
illustrate the approximate location of
the three rock layers. However, the ac-
curacy depends on the rock layer thick-
ness and patch size. ■
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 MME Technical-Paper Abstracts

Disclaimer
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the author and do not necessarily represent the official posi-
tion of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
References
1. Mohamed KM, Xue Y, Rashed G, Kimutis R (2021) analyzing rib stability and support
using a coal pillar rib rating. In the Proceedings of the 40th International Conference
on Ground Control Mining, Canonsburg, PA, USA
2. Pedregosa F, Varoquaus G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O. Scikit-learn
(2011) Machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res 12:2825–2830

Efficient separation and recovery of vanadium, titanium, iron and

magnesium and synthesizing of anhydrite from steel slag
Jinrong Ju1,2,3, Yali Feng1,*, Haoran Li2,3,*, Chenglong Xu1 and Yi Yang1
1
Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
2
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
*Corresponding author emails: ylfeng126@126.com, hrli@ipe.ac.cn

Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:733–748, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00552-w

Keywords: Steel slag, Sulfuric acid leaching, Solvent extraction, Selective stripping, Oxalic acid precipitation

Special Extended Abstract

Steel slag is an industrial byproduct of steelmaking that

is mainly composed of calcium, iron, silicon and magnesium.
In addition, depending on the different raw materials entering
the furnace, steel slag contains a certain amount of vanadium
that is the main source of vanadium production, accounting
for 69 percent of the species of the total vanadium raw mate-
rial [1]. From experience, the production of one ton of steel
will generate 1.0 to 1.5 tons of steel slag [2]. However, the uti-
lization efficiency of steel slag is less than 30 percent, and a
large amount of steel slag is identified as waste and stacked
in tailings. The random stacking of steel slag not only wastes
large amounts of limited steel and land resources but also ex-
erts pressure on the environment [3], making it imperative to
research the effective utilization of steel slag and recycling of
metal resources.

Background
In the study, the process of leaching vanadium, titanium,
iron and magnesium from steel slag and synthesizing of an-
hydrite at the same time is explored. The influences of acid-
ity, temperature and time on metal leaching efficiency and
slag phase composition are investigated. The separation
process and mechanism of metals in the leaching solution
are systematically studied, and the optimal separation con-
ditions determined. The feasibility of recovering magnesium
from solution to obtain magnesium oxide by oxalic acid pre-
cipitation method is researched, and the optimal conditions
of precipitation explored.
Method
The steel slag used in the study was sourced from Pan-
steel & Iron Co. Ltd., located in the city of Panzhihua in Si-
chuan province in China. The leaching experiments of steel
slag with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution were carried out
Fig. 1 Relationships between ∆G and temperature
for the main reactions in the leaching process.
with an electrically heated magnetic stirrer. After adding 100
mL of prepared H2SO4 solution of known concentration to a
250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and heating to the specified tem-
perature, the steel slag was added while maintaining stirring.
After the reaction was complete, a filtrate containing vana-
dium, titanium, iron and magnesium and leaching residue as
calcium sulfate products were obtained by filtration.
Results and discussion
The reactions of the compositions in steel slag with
H2SO4 solution are given in Eqs. (1) to (8), and their thermo-
dynamic diagrams are shown in Fig. 1.

www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 53

MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
Fig. 2 Processing scheme for the recovery of vanadium, titanium,
iron and magnesium and synthesizing anhydrite from steel slag.
2CaFe2FeSi2O8(OH) + 9H2SO4 = 2CaSO4 + 4FeSO4
+ Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2SiO3↓ + 6H2O (1)
CaFe3O5 + 5H2SO4 = CaSO4 + FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3
+ 5H2O (2)
Ca2V2O7 + H2SO4 = (VO2)2SO4 + 4CaSO4 + H2O (3)
2Ca2V2O7 + 8H2SO4 = 4VOSO4 + O2↑ + 4CaSO4
+ 8H2O (4)
FeO + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2O (5)
Fe2VO4 + 3H2SO4 = 2FeSO4 + VOSO4 + 3H2O (6)
CaV2O5 + 3H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2VOSO4 + 3H2O (7)
2V2O3 + O2 + 4H2SO4 = 4VOSO4 + 4H2O (8)
It can be seen that the inherent crystal structure of the
steel slag is destroyed by H2SO4 leaching, and the metal com-
ponents such as vanadium and iron in the steel slag are con-
verted into the corresponding sulfates and dissolved in the
H2SO4 solution, while the calcium and silicon are converted
into calcium sulfate precipitate and metasilicic acid as col-
loidal precipitate, respectively.
From the study, a scheme for the separation and recov-
ery of vanadium, titanium, iron and magnesium and synthe-
sizing of anhydrite from steel slag is proposed (Fig. 2).
First, the steel slag was leached with a 30 percent H2SO4
solution for 90 min at a leaching temperature of 70 °C and
54 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 to obtain anhydrite with purity of
93.09 percent. The leachate can be recycled for the leach-
ing of steel slag. The gypsum obtained in the cyclic leaching
process was roasted at 200 °C to convert it into anhydrite. Fi-
nally, a leachate containing 2.05 g/L vanadium, 0.69 g/L tita-
nium, 58.63 g/L iron and 9.11 g/L magnesium was obtained.
After the leachate was pretreated with sodium sulfite,
the two-stage extraction efficiencies of vanadium and tita-
nium were 99.45 and 99.98 percent, respectively, under the
conditions of a P507 concentration of 25 percent, organic-
aqueous phase ratio (O/A) of 2.5:1 and aqueous pH of 1.6.
The organic phase loaded with vanadium and titanium can
be used to scrub iron with 0.06 mol/L H2SO4 solution. At
an O/A of 2:1 and stripping time of 8 min, the single-stage
stripping efficiency of vanadium was 93.78 percent with a
2.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution for the selective stripping of va-
nadium, while the stripping efficiency of titanium was only
1.30 percent, and 99.60 percent vanadium could be stripped
through two-stage countercurrent stripping. The organic
phase after stripping vanadium can be effectively stripped of
titanium by using 0.8 mol/L ammonia solution.
Finally, through aeration treatment, the divalent iron in
the raffinate was converted into trivalent iron. Adjusting the
pH to 5.0 can convert almost all iron (99.86 percent) into
Fe(OH)3. At a dosage of oxalic acid of 0.45 mol/L, pH of
5.5, precipitation time of two hours and precipitation tem-
perature of 25 °C, 98.39 percent of the magnesium in the
solution can be converted into magnesium oxalate dihydrate
precipitation.
Conclusion
In this work, an approach for the efficient separation and
recovery of vanadium, titanium, iron and magnesium and
synthesizing of anhydrite from steel slag is investigated. Steel
slag can be directly leached by H2SO4 solution under normal
pressure to get a leachate rich in vanadium, titanium, iron
and magnesium as well as an anhydrite solid phase product
with purity of 93.09 percent. Under the conditions of a P507
concentration of 25 percent and aqueous pH of 1.6, through
two-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction efficiency
of vanadium and titanium were 99.45 and 99.98 percent, re-
spectively. The single-stage stripping efficiency of vanadium
was 93.78 percent with 2.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. The single-
stage stripping efficiency of titanium was 99.73 percent with
0.8 mol/L ammonia solution. Vanadium and titanium in the
organic phase can be selectively stripped by H2SO4 and am-
monia solution, respectively. The solution after precipitation
of iron can be used to effectively recover the magnesium re-
sources in the solution by oxalic acid precipitation.
This process not only recovers resources such as vana-
dium, titanium, iron and magnesium in steel slag but also
converts calcium into anhydrite to be recovered, providing a
new avenue for the comprehensive utilization of steel slag. ■
References
1. Lee J-C, Kurniawan E-yK, Chung KW, Kim R, Jeon H-S (2021) Review on the
metallurgical recycling of vanadium from slags: towards a sustainable vanadium
production. J Market Res 12:343–364
2. Das P, Upadhyay S, Dubey S, Singh KK (2021) Waste to wealth: recovery of value-
added products from steel slag. J Environ Chem Eng 9(4):105640
3. Xiao B, Wen Z, Miao S, Gao Q (2021) Utilization of steel slag for cemented tailings
backfill: hydration, strength, pore structure, and cost analysis. Case Stud Constr
Mater 15:e00621
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 MME Technical-Paper Abstracts

A comprehensive roof bolter drilling control algorithm for enhancing

energy efficiency and reducing respirable dust
Hua Jiang1,* and Yi Luo2
1
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
2
Department of Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
*Corresponding author email: hujiang@mix.wvu.edu

Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:241–249, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00566-4

Keywords: Roof bolter, Drilling control, Respirable dust, Specific energy, Bit condition

Special Extended Abstract

A roof bolting drilling operation in an underground coal tics, then proposing a drilling control algorithm to minimize
mine can expose the operator to a high concentration of re- the respirable dust generation while increasing the drilling
spirable coal and crystalline silica dusts (smaller than 10 µm). energy efficiency.
Overexposure of high-level quartz dust for a roof bolter oper-
ator can lead to the development of silicosis in as little as three Method
years [1]. This study proposes a drilling control algorithm for Fifty-two laboratory drilling tests were conducted on a
the bolt hole drilling process. This algorithm can be integrated Fletcher drilling test platform. Dust samples from the dust
into a current drilling control system on the roof bolter ma- collection system were collected and analyzed in the labora-
chinery and is expected to reduce the generation of respirable tory for their size distributions.
dust while enhancing the energy efficiency of the roof bolter In this study, drilling bite depth, b, defined as bit pen-
machine. In addition, the drilling efficiency and bit condition etration depth per revolution, was introduced to describe
can be evaluated while drilling based on the real-time feed- the roof bolter drilling process. Drilling bite depth can be
back parameters. This capability enables the algorithm to en- calculated from penetration, v, and rotational rate, w, with
sure the drilling is performed under a relatively high energy the following equation:
efficiency with less respirable dust generation and to avoid
(1)
drilling with an excessively worn bit that can cause bit clog-
ging or steel buckling failure.
The specific energy is used for evaluating the energy ef-
Background ficiency of the roof bolter machine in this study. The specific
Investigations on the respirable coal and quartz dust energy for rotary drilling can be expressed mathematically
hazards that occurred during an underground roof bolting in terms of drilling bite depth, penetration rate, torque and
cycle were conducted by researchers [2]. The results indicate thrust, as shown in [4]:
a quartz content of more than 50 percent can be found from
(2)
the total roof bolting dust. For the sub-5 µm fraction, the
quartz content can be as much as 20 percent. These quan-
tified results confirmed that
roof bolting dust contains a
higher percentage of quartz
than other dust sources from
mining activities. Several
dust control technologies,
such as vacuum dust collec-
tion systems and canopy air
curtains, have been devel-
oped and implemented to ad-
dress the exposure issue for
the roof bolter operator [3].
The research in this study is
focused on investigating the
relationship of drilling con-
trol parameters, such as pen-
etration and rotation rates
and bit condition, with the
dust generation characteris-
Fig. 1 Relationships of drilling bite depth with noise dose, dust weight and specific energy.
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 55
MME Technical-Paper Abstracts
The recommended drilling control algorithm
is shown in Fig. 2. In a real-time drilling process,
the drilling acquired — that is, penetration and
rotational rates, thrust and torque — are used
with bite design and wear condition to determine
rock strengths. The rock strength is then used
to determine the rational bite depth. Because a
higher rotation rate, RPM, would accelerate bit
wear, a lower RPM combined with a correlated
rate of penetration, ROP, is preferable to reach
a targeted drilling bite depth. In addition, an ex-
cessively worn drill bit prevents the system from
achieving the targeted bite depth and can increase
the respirable and inhalable dust generation rates
by as much as 61.5 percent (respirable) and 43.6
percent (inhalable). The overall drilling specific
energy using a worn bit is higher than a new bit
due to the increased rubbing area and friction be-
tween the drill bit and the rock. Therefore, a bit
wear condition check is included in the algorithm
according to the implementation rate (achieved
versus targeted bite depth). When the drill pen-
etrates a different rock layer with its determined
strength significantly different from the previous
layer, a rational bite depth is determined based on
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the drilling control algorithm. the rock unconfined compressive strength, UCS,
bit wear condition, and implementation rate. As
where Ab is the borehole area in cm2, b is the drilling bite the drilling progresses, the specific energy is moni-
depth in cm/rev, and T and W are the torque and thrust in tored, and the ratio can be calculated simultaneously. If the
Nm and N, respectively. It should be noted that all these pa- ratio is within 10 percent of the efficiency index, then the
rameters were monitored and recorded in real time by the system will continue drilling with the initial bite depth. How-
drilling control system. ever, the algorithm still needs to evaluate the bit condition
using the implementation rate. If the implementation rate is
Results lower than the bit condition index, the system will stop, and
The concrete drilling inhalable and respirable dust weight, a new bit needs to be installed to continue drilling.
specific energy, and noise dose results are plotted against the By adapting this drilling control algorithm, the drilling
achieved bite depth in Fig. 1. It was shown that specific en- efficiency and bit condition can be monitored in real time,
ergy reduced significantly while drilling with a larger bite so that at any point in the drilling the system can stay in a
depth, which also indicates improved energy efficiency with relatively high energy efficiency with less respirable dust
higher bite depth. A 70 percent reduction was achieved when production and also reduce the chance to encounter bit clog-
increasing the bite depth from 0.152 to 0.732 cm/rev. Both ging or steel buckling, which can expose the operator to a
inhalable and respirable dust weight results show a rapid tremendous safety and health hazard. Due to the limitation
decrease as bite depth increases, until bite depth reaches of the data sources, to improve the algorithm’s prediction ac-
0.541 cm/rev. However, after this point, the generation rate curacy for respirable dust and noise production rates, more
of inhalable dust becomes stable with further increase of bite dust and noise results from drilling different types of rock
depth. Meanwhile, the respirable dust shows an uptick after need to be collected for the calibration process. ■
this point in the operation. Overall, the generated inhalable
and respirable dust are reduced by 550 and 200 g, respectively, References
1. MSHA (2014) Exposure to Coal Mine Dust Containing Quartz, Health Hazard
within the tested drilling bite depth range. Information Card HH-47. U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health
Administration
Discussion and conclusion 2. Joy GJ, Beck TW, Listak JM (2010) Respirable quartz hazards associated with
coal mine roof bolter dust. Proceedings of the 13th U.S./North American Mine
As stated, the optimum bite depth is the depth when the Ventilation Symposium, pp. 59–64
specific energy reaches the minimum. However, it is imprac- 3. Reed WR, Klima S, Shahan M, Ross GJH, Singh K, Cross R, Grounds T (2019) A
tical to achieve the optimum bite depth due to safety and field study of a roof bolter canopy air curtain (2nd generation) for respirable coal
mine dust control. Int J Min Sci Technol
power limitations. A rational bite depth is that for which any 4. Jiang H, Luo Y, Yang J (2018) The mechanics of bolt drilling and theoretical analysis
further increase in bite depth will only result in an insignifi- of drilling parameter effects on respirable dust generation. J Occup Environ Hyg
cant reduction in drilling specific energy. 15(9):700–713

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 Your chance to be part of
Mining Engineering’s upcoming
® coverage
Since 1949, Mining Engineering has delivered the best coverage of the global mining industry to its
readers. In 2022, we will again bring you the information you need from the fields of mining, mineral
processing and exploration.

Upcoming topics to be covered in 2022

JULY Contact Gary Garvey, SME’s media

• Industrial Minerals Review manager/advertising sales to advertise in
• Innovative Technology in Mining Mining Engineering
garvey@smenet.org, 303.948.4243
AUGUST
• Energy picture / Coal
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• Tailings management editorial consideration
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SEPTEMBER
• Big data management
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smenet.org
 SMEYoung
NewsLeaders Committee

Reunited and reinvigorated;

SME Young Leaders’ recap of MINEXCHANGE 2022 experiences
by Kinsley Costner

T he MINEXCHANGE 2022 SME Annual Conference

& Expo held in Salt Lake City, UT was the first time
many young professionals were able to attend a conference
as a member and not as a student. While most professionals
yearn for the “before times,” there have been two years of
graduates who have had no experience with a workplace
without COVID-19 protocols. The SME conference was the
first time many of us were able to reunite after graduation,
and it gave us a glimpse into what it was like before 2020.
The Young Leaders Committee (YLC) organized a field
trip to Nevada Gold Mine’s (NGM) Carlin Trend for young
mining professionals and a few museum curators interested
in the mining industry. While the early morning muster time
felt more like a normal day on site than a conference day,
the experience to see the holy grail of gold mining in the
United States was well worth it. NGM did a fantastic job
hosting, with supervisors taking time out of their schedules
and some even coming in on their off days to show off Gold
Quarry’s unique geology. While at the viewing center at
the top of the pit, visitors were able to ask personnel about
different improvement projects that NGM has participated
in. As amazing as NGM’s commitment to continuous
improvement is, it was clear that NGM is also investing
in younger engineers, geologists and metallurgists. It was
invigorating to see the concepts discussed and theorized
at past SME conferences put into practice in a world-class
gold mine. After conversations about various production
projects, the process managers gave a tour of the roaster and
explained how the mine plan impacts the milling sequence.
The process appears relatively simple, but a small change in
one part of the process can completely change the recovery.
With how fickle the Carlin trend geology is, process
engineers always have a new challenge to which they look
for creative solutions. In Salt Lake City, the networking and
education continued
with the YLC social
SME News at Dave & Busters.
Contents Competitive spirits
roared as young leaders
and students played
60 various arcade games
Student Design and encouraged each
64 other to donate to
Environmental the SME Foundation;
Division $11,025 was raised as
part of the $4K by 40
65 Challenge. A special Top to bottom: The 2022 SME Young Leaders Committee at
Fine Grind thanks to Brooks & MINEXCHANGE 2022 in Salt Lake City, UT and at a tour of
Nelson for matching Nevada Gold Mines’ operations.
66 our donations, making
Rock in the Box this event. Additionally, Rio Tinto and ARCADIS helped to
the total for the night make this event a success.
$22,050. Thank you also The last few years have had plenty of hot-button topics,
to Tom Rauch for his
time and mentorship at (continued on page 61)
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 59
 SME News
Student Design Competition
SME/NSSGA Student Design Competition;
18th annual competition held at MINEXCHANGE 2022
O n Feb. 25, 2022 five university teams met at the
MINEXCHANGE 2022 SME Annual Conference &
Expo in Salt Lake City, UT to compete in phase II of the
18th Annual SME/NSSGA Student Design Competition.
Nine teams began the competition at their schools in
the fall of 2021. For phase I of the competition, each
team submitted a feasibility report for a sand and gravel
operation based on real-world data. A panel of mining
industry judges then reviewed the entries, and the top
teams were invited to phase II, where teams were given an
expansion to the initial problem. In the second round, the
problem statement was modified, and the teams were given
less than 48 hours to create a final solution to present to the
judges.
As in years past, an industry donor provided data and
challenges from an existing site for the problem statement.
This year, the problem asked the teams for a geologic
model, life-of-mine economic analysis, equipment selection,
processing plant design, operational plans and reclamation
plan. The second phase expanded on these challenges, asking
the teams to evaluate expansion of the mine to include
additional property, address the potential for increased
market demand, and design a rail spur for shipment of the
final product. All the teams rose to the challenge.
Students who are part of a mining engineering, geology,
geological engineering or related undergraduate university
program are encouraged to take part in the competition.
Interested teams of up to six, along with their faculty
advisors, signed up in the fall of 2021. They were given the
problem statement, site data, 35 hours per student and
three weeks for completion of a phase I report. An industry
panel of six judges reviewed and scored the designs, and
the following teams were selected to compete in phase II in
Minneapolis, MN:
• Colorado School of Mines — Motherlode Mining.
• Missouri University of Science and Technology —
Good Mining Consulting.
• Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos — SM
Industrial Aggregates.
• University of Kentucky – Gneiss Guys.
• Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University —
Gneissest Guys.
• West Virginia University — Team Sunnyside.
The teams met for lunch on Friday, Feb. 25 at the
Hilton in Salt Lake City. With excitement running high, the
teams were given the Phase II problem statement, keys to
their work rooms, and less than two days to create updated
recommendations and presentations.
On Feb. 27, very tired but excited students presented
their final recommendations and fielded questions from
the judges. Once each team had presented, the judges
retired to deliberate and tally scores. Each team had strong,
creative solutions, and all teams gave comprehensive,
polished presentations. With key points being ease of
60 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
understanding, presentation skills and feasibility of the
recommendations, the top three teams were selected.
• First place: Colorado School of Mines —
Motherlode Mining.
• Second place: Virginia Polytechnic Institute &
State University — Gneissest Guys.
• Third place: Missouri University of Science and
Technology — Good Mining Consulting.
Congratulations to Motherlode Mining and all the
teams. These students have gone above and beyond their
normal course work to learn and challenge themselves. The
student design competition’s purpose is to provide students
in the mining industry with a unique opportunity to learn,
build relationships and interact with others in the industry
through an annual competition. These students are among
the best at their universities, and it is clear that they will
make significant contributions to the industry in their
future careers.
Every year, the success of the student design
competition is only possible thanks to the volunteers and
sponsors that support the event. Thank you to those behind
the scenes who organize it. Thank you to the judges, who
put in so much time before and during the competition
to review the students’ work, select the top six teams to
advance, and provide industry-relevant feedback that the
students can use moving forward in their careers in the
mining industry. Thank you to the sponsors, whose funds
provide all the resources that the students have available
during the competition. The competition is a unique way
for the industry to support the development of these
students, so thank you to all involved.
The student design competition committee is always
looking for support in the form of donated time, data or
resources. Resumes for the students are also available if
you would like to support the students with internships or
full-time job opportunities. Please contact committee co-
chairs Daniel Sadtler at sadtler.daniel@gmail.com or Tyler
Faulkner at tfaulkner@carlsonsw.com for more information.
Thank you to the 2022 corporate sponsors and industry
judges:
• Sponsors: Platinum sponsor: National Sand,
Stone & Gravel Association (NSSGA). Title
sponsors: Luck Stone Corp.; Martin Marietta;
Vulcan Materials; Carter Machinery. Full sponsors:
Granite Construction Co.; Cedar Mountain Stone.
Basic sponsors: New Enterprise Stone & Lime Co.,
Inc.; Nance Corp.
• Judges: Mark Kelpe, Luck Stone; Himesh Patel,
McClelland Laboratories, Inc.; JD Wientjes,
Komatsu; Richard Crowe, ROHR-IDRECO;
Robert Walker, RCWalker Consulting LLC; Mark
Davies, Cemex; Pat Jacomet, Ohio Aggregates &
Industrial Minerals Association. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 SMEYoungNews
Leaders Committee

Looking ahead;
Professional development plans for Young Leaders of SME
by Himesh Patel, metallurgist/project manager, McClelland Laboratories, Inc.

T he Professional Development (PD) subcommittee,

under the SME Young Leaders Committee (YLC),
aims to provide various opportunities for the sustainable
development and growth of SME members, especially
young professionals. The PD subcommittee’s activities
focus on creating a professional environment in which
students, young engineers and other SME members are
able to strengthen and expand their professional skill sets
in a variety of different subjects, learn through mentoring
events and expand their networking to a larger group of
professionals. The goal of this year is to further develop the
activities for young professionals and increase our influence
throughout SME.
For the year 2022–2023, the PD subcommittee is led
by Himesh Patel, who is a metallurgist/project manager at
McClelland Laboratories, Inc. Nestor Santa, Ph.D. candidate
at Virginia Tech is the vice chair. This year, the total number
of PD subcommittee members has reached 35 members.
In 2022–2023, the subcommittee plans to hold at least
three webinars covering topics such as new technology in
openpit and underground mines; critical materials, battery
and rare earth minerals; and metal price forecasting in
mining. These webinar series will be led by professionals
with years-long experience in their specialized areas. We
are planning on collaborating with various companies like
Rio Tinto (corporate sponsor of YLC), USA Rare Earths
and Missouri Cobalt, among others. Attendees will gain
tremendous opportunities to be exposed to the various “hot
topics” of the industry. If you are interested in participating,
please contact Tyler Faulkner at tfaulkner@carlsonsw.com.
In addition to technical webinars, the PD subcommittee
is preparing to provide at least three mentoring sessions
where professionals will share their lifetime career
experiences in varied subjects with younger professionals
to assist them in making career decisions and plans for the
future. This year, the subcommittee is planning to have a
mentoring call on challenges and opportunities — working
and studying abroad, how to prepare for constant change
in the mining industry, and salary and position negotiations
on-the-job. This year, Nahomi Caururo is leading the
mentoring session group. Please contact Nahomi at
caururo.nahomi@gmail.com if you are interested in
participating.
Furthermore, the PD subcommittee provides a CV/
resume review service to young professionals and students
where a selected group of members from industry and
academia review resumes and offer editorial suggestions.
Professional feedback is provided promptly and is expected
to help young professionals grow into more competitive
candidates in the job market. For those who are interested
in submitting their resumes for review, please contact
Maddie Orrell at maddie.orrell@gmail.com.
The 2022–2023 PD subcommittee members are working
hard and are excited to help other young professionals
develop their skills. Watch for further announcements on
the upcoming webinar series, mentoring meetings, and other
events by following us on YLC’s LinkedIn page: https://
www.linkedin.com/groups/8594015/. If you have questions
or comments, please do not hesitate to contact Himesh Patel
at himesh@nevada.unr.edu. n

Young leaders
(continued from page 59)
so YLC decided to keep the ball rolling with
a luncheon on the Sizzling Hot Topics facing
the mining industry. There were discussions on
issues such as reclamation, tailings, workplace,
autonomy and social license to operate with
professionals of varying ages and experience.
The informal roundtable discussion allowed for
exceptional brainstorming and networking. It was
rewarding to discuss the great challenges of the
mining industry with advocates who can see the
unique nuances we are facing. Special thanks go
to our sponsors, Rio Tinto and Hatch.
The 2022 conference has been over for a few
months now, but the experiences and discussions
from that week continue to inspire progress in
the industry. It was rejuvenating to go on a mine
tour and reunite with mining professionals from
around the world. n SME Young Leaders discuss the Sizzling Hot Topics.

www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 61

 SME News
Student Design Competition

Metallic Student Design Competition;

Second annual competition held at MINEXCHANGE 2022
T he 2nd Annual Metallic Student Design Competition
(SDC) was held in Salt Lake City, UT during the
MINEXCHANGE SME Annual Conference & Expo.
The SDC is a hard rock mining competition focused on the
evaluation of a mineral deposit (precious or base metal or
industrial minerals) and the development of an economically
viable process flowsheet. The competition is conducted in two
stages, with the second stage and final judging taking place at
the MINEXCHANGE SME Annual Conference & Expo.
A total of 23 teams registered for phase 1 of this year’s
competition, which focused on the development of a lithium
and boron mine site. The phase 1 reports were presented to a
team of industry judges who determined the top six teams to
advance to phase 2. The teams were:
• University of Kentucky — Team Kentucky.
• Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria — MM UNI
Mining Consultants.
• University of Arizona — Los Gatos Consulting.
• University of Arizona — Stonecrushers Consulting.
• Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos —
Global Mining.
• National University of San Agustin of Arequipa —
QHUYA TEAM UNSA.
This year, due to continued COVID-19 travel
restrictions, the final phase of the competition featured
three live presentations and three recorded presentations.
Once phase 2 started, the teams had two days to respond to
the updated problem before presenting to a panel of five
judges with expertise in mineral processing, mine planning
and project management and economics. The deliberations
proved to be quite challenging as all six teams submitted
great solutions. The top three teams selected were:
• First place: University of Kentucky — Team
Kentucky.
• Second place: University of Arizona — Los Gatos
Consulting.
• Third place: University of Arizona — Stonecrushers
Consulting.
The competition could not have taken place without the
support and generosity of our corporate sponsor, Rio Tinto,
and our software sponsors, Hexagon, MetSim and CostMine,
providing licenses to all of the students.
We would also like to thank all of the judges who were
able to review the submissions and provide their extensive
knowledge and feedback for the students. SME is very
proud of all the students who participated in the 2022
Metallic Student Design Competition and hope you will be
back in 2023. n

Obituaries
Dr. John R. Craynon
Dr. John R. Craynon of Morgantown, WV died PA. John is also
unexpectedly on April 16, 2022 at the age of 61. Craynon survived by his
was a Kentucky native, and son of the late John E. and loving siblings Mary
Edna “Joy” Craynon. “Eddie” Craynon of
Craynon had a passion for mining engineering, and Somerset, KY and
excelled in his work in both the federal and private sectors. Brian Craynon of
Craynon also taught at West Virginia University and his Herman, MN. He
alma mater Virginia Tech, where he shared his contagious will be missed by his
love of learning. many family, friends
Craynon lived life with vigor. He loved music, traveling, and colleagues.
fishing, learning about almost anything, and cheering on A memorial
his favorite sports teams, especially with loved ones by his service is planned in
side. Coffee, cigars, wine and his latest home brew were all Maryland at a future
enhanced when he could enjoy them with family or friends. date.
Craynon is survived by his four beloved children: Craynon was
Johanna (Steven) O’Hara of Reisterstown, MD; Megan passionate about
Craynon of Bowie, MD; Sarah “Colleen” (Jared) Etherton STEM education,
of Philadelphia, PA; and Robert (Kristine) Craynon of and mental health John R. Craynon
West Chester, PA. John was the proud grandfather of six: for college students.
Rebekah, Everett and Creighton O’Hara of Reisterstown, Memorial contributions may be made to local organizations
MD; and Maisy, Darcy and Berlin Etherton of Philadelphia, that support those causes. n
62 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

SME welcomes new members
Sultan Abulkhair, Adelaide, Sa Australia
Rashid Afshar, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Arsham Afyouni, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Arasteh Aida, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Taiwo Akinleye, Pullman, WA
Aamer Akram, Princeton, NJ
Kevin Cesar Alejo Beraún, Lima, Peru
Emmanuel Antwi, Rolla, MO
Zhumakanova Ardakovna, Nur-Sultan,
Kazakhstan
Pooya Naghizadeh Ardebili, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Elahe Asadi, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Miad Badpa, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Jacqueline Baidoo, Cambridge, MA
Michael Barbosa, Secaucus, NJ
Jose Ignacio Barquero Peralbo, Almaden,
Spain
Hamed Baseri, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Baljinder Bassi, Raleigh, NC
Kumar Battarai, New York, NY
Smagambetov Bekzhan, Nur-Sultan,
Kazakhstan
Gustavo Bravo, Lima, Peru
Christina Chelsea Buale Puye, Almaden,
Spain
Mistica Buele Marques, Almaden, Spain
Nadia Bustos Salgado, Toowong, Qld
Australia
Jorge Calero Conzalez, Almaden, Spain
Daniel Carrasco Pardo, Almaden, Spain
Dana Castillo, Ashburn, VA
Mari Luz Chanco Ramos, Cusco, Peru
Ho Chan, New York, NY
Jorge Choqque Vilca, Cusco, Peru
Daniel Cumming-Potvin, Crawley, WAS
Australia
Bob Cunningham, Las Vegas, NV
Ruben Cutipa Huanca, Cusco, Peru
Mohammad Hajizadeh Darzeh, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Bruno Denardin Da Rosa, Rio DE Janeiro,
Rj Brazil
Richard Depew, Cleveland, OH
Neal Dewitte, Secaucus, NJ
Daniel Digeorgio, Spring Lake, NJ
Marcus Erdmann, Las Vegas, NV
Amir Arsalan Hemasian Etefagh, Tehran,
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Andrew Evans, Rural Hall, NC
Brian Ewert, Dallas, TX
Geoff Fairclough, Forked River, NJ
Danial Fakhri, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Guorui Feng, Taiyuan City, China
Grant Finn, Seattle, WA
Alain Fleury, Lively, ON Canada
Colin Gainsford, New York, NY
Stephen Gazo, Rural Hall, NC
Mohammad Reza Ghasemi, Isfahan, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Mahdie Sadat Ghoraishee Mohammadi,
Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Javad Lotfi Godarzi, Tehran, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Dylan Gomez, Golden, CO
Juan Antonio Guijas Herraez, Almaden,
Spain
Kurmangazy Gulim, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Lily Guthrie, Tucson, AZ
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
SME NewsNew Members
Andrew Hanegmon, Hibbing, MN
Josh Harmon, Evansville, IN
Kathryn Heaton, Coeur D Alene, ID
Jhoselyn Hidalgo Ushiñahua, Lima, Peru
Thomas Hinton, Atlanta, GA
Shane Holman, Hibbing, MN
Konner Horton, Atlanta, GA
Mo Hosseini, Bethesda, MD
Matthew Humbert, Mound, MN
Puyan Javandel, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Kutay Emre Karadeniz, Rolla, MO
Artur Kasperski, New York, NY
George Keeber, New York, NY
Sadegh Kefayati, Tehran, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Ansari Hanieh Khoshnevis, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Yeskendir Kizatov, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Zachery Kokel, Houston, TX
Adel Kolesnikov, Nur, Kazakhstan
Moises Koodsi-Sotelo, Secaucus, NJ
Scott Koontz, Rogers, MN
Mark Kroncke, Boulder, CO
Ron Kuehl, Spartanburg, SC
John Kuprenas, New York, NY
Kurniawan Kurniawan, Phoenix, AZ
Glenn Larose, Boston, MA
Mike Lavalle, Indianapolis, IN
Brian Longstreth, Duluth, MN
Andrew Luke, Tucson, AZ
Mr Arsalan Mahmoodzadeh, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Alaina Mallard, Bagdad, AZ
Ramin Salamat Mamakani, Isfahan, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Mahan Mansouri Bigdeli, Golden, CO
Christopher Mansuri, Austin, TX
John McDuffie, Raleigh, NC
Juan Miguel Perez, New York, NY
Bradford Miller, Chelsea, MA
Bruce Miller, Chicago, IL
Katie Miller, Beverley, Sa Australia
Amirhossein Mohammadzadeh, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Oscar Morales, Corona, CA
Zonia Morales, Phoenix, AZ
Keytash Moshtaghian, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Gill Mosseri, Monmouth Beach, NJ
Nishant Nayan, Cary, NC
Priscila Nchaso Pireto, Almaden, Spain
Ebrahim Noroozi-Ghaleini, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Marco Tiberio Nsue Eneme, Almaden, Spain
Clayton Odonnell, Lexington, KY
Askar Omirzak, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Adam Osborne, Hibbing, MN
Kaylab Owings, Bagdad, AZ
Casey Penney, Columbia, SC
Hakime Pirmoradian, Tehran, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Jose Xavier Ponce Garcia, Portoviejo,
Ecuador
Zach Pontzer, Shakopee, MN
Georg Pruckmayer, Wien, Austria
William Radnor, San Marcos, TX
John Randolph, Wyandotte, MI
Rodney Rhone, Hurricane, UT
Assaf Roditti, Tel Aviv, Israel
Mehran Sabilimamaghani, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Sanchez, Charlotte, NC
Zhaudir Dauitbay Saurankyzy, Nur-Sultan,
Kazakhstan
Paul Savard, Ashland, MA
Angela Schwenk, Chisholm, MN
Omar Shafei, Secaucus, NJ
Amirreza Shakib, Tehran, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
Grace Kelly Silva Santisteban Trujillo, Lima,
Peru
Thangella Sivanageswararao, Guntur, India
Natalia Skomorowski, Vancouver, BC Canada
Nathan Skopak, Sand Springs, OK
Vic Spinabelli, Pittsburgh, PA
Philip Stummvoll, Richardson, TX
Rutdiar Francisco Suyllo Auccacusi, Cusco,
Peru
Zane Swainston, Lakewood, CO
Kevin Tatlow, Edmonton, AB Canada
Joseph Teague, Spartanburg, SC
William Tilley, Draper, UT
Andy Trentadue, Oak Creek, WI
Julian Triguero Calle, Almaden, Spain
Amirhossein Vahedi, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
José Luis Valladares de la Cruz, Arequipa,
Peru
Mahdi Arjmandazar Varjovi, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Slipko Veronika, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Kent Vest, Northlake, TX
Guillermo Ernesto Villarreal Garza,
Monterrey, NL Mexico
William Whiteside, Hibbing, MN
Dakota Whitney, Peoria, AZ
Matthew Winslow, Port Hueneme, CA
Eric Wirz, Duluth, MN
Reza Feyzbakhsh Zebardast, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Aibyn Zeinulla, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Victor Zhang, New York, NY
Necrology
date elected name and city
1997 Dr. John R. Craynon
Morgantown, WV
1975 Dr. Raymong W. Henn, Jr. **
Sunnyvale, CA
2006 Edward S. Plotkin, P.E. **
Silver Spring, MD
Adriana Wolfarth
Atizapan De Zaragoza, Mex
Mexico
** Legion of Honor
*Plotkin joined from AUA/pre-UCA
and was given the Lifetime Achievement
Award in 2010 and is thus accorded Legion
of Honor status.
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 63
 SME News
Environmental Division

SME Environmental Division presents

2022 awards and scholarships
T he SME Environmental Division is pleased to highlight
its 2021-2022 award and scholarship recipients who
were honored at the MINEXCHANGE 2022 SME Annual
three student recipients of 2021-2022 SME Environmental
Division Scholarships: Gabriela Kosakowski, Zeynep Cicek
and Joseph Binder.
Conference & Expo in Salt Lake City, UT.
2021-2022 Veolia Water Technologies Scholarship. The
The 2022 Environmental Division Distinguished Service 2021-2022 Veolia Water Technologies Scholarship was
Award was awarded to Patrick Williamson. This award awarded to Heath Orcutt. n
recognizes an individual for outstanding achievements
and contributions to the development and improvement
of environmental professionalism in the minerals industry
and within the division. The Distinguished Service Award
went to Williamson for 15 years of contributions to the
Environmental Division through his project management
experience in mine waste geochemistry, hydrogeology and
international mining.

The 2022 SME/AIME Environmental Stewardship

Distinguished Service Award was awarded to Kimberly
Morrison. This award is given in recognition of significant
contributions to environmental conservation by addition to
knowledge; by the design or invention of useful equipment
of procedure; or by outstanding service to governmental or Patrick Wiliamson (left) with 2021 Environmental Division
private organizations devoted to any field of environmental chair Andrea Martin.
conservation. Morrison was presented with this award in
recognition of her many contributions, knowledge and
service to the ideals and purposes of the Society.

2021-2022 Environmental Division scholarship

recipients. The SME Environmental Division recognized

Kimberly Morrison (right) with 2021 Environmental Division

chair Andrea Martin.

Jill Browning (left) and David Oliphant (right) of Veolia Water

Technologies presented the 2021-2022 Veolia Water Technolo-
gies Scholarship to Heath Orcutt (center).

The Environmental Division page serves as a forum for

the presentation and discussion of facts, ideas and opinions
pertaining to the interests and technology of the Environ-
mental Division. Accordingly, all material published herein
is signed and reflects the individual views of the authors. It
is not an official position of SME or the division. Comments The three student recipients of 2021-2022 SME Environmen-
by readers will be referred to the division for response. The tal Division Scholarships (left to right, holding certificates):
division chair in 2022 is Lisa Gonzales. Gabriela Kosakowski, Zeynep Cicek and Joseph Binder.

64 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com


We’re in this together;
building capacity to manage tailings
by Mike Henderson, Colorado School of Mines, and Joe Scalia, Colorado State University
T here is an immediate need to develop the next
generation of tailings practitioners and create bold tools
to better reduce, reuse and restore tailings. The Tailings
Center was formed in 2020 by the Colorado School of Mines
(CSM), Colorado State University (CSU), and the University
of Arizona (UArizona) to work to address these needs.
Tailings cannot be an afterthought. Decisions across
the mining value chain have an impact on the quantity
and character of tailings. To be effective environmental
stewards in mining, we must be keenly aware of these
interconnections across the mining continuum. We need
extractive metallurgists talking to tailings engineers about
how minor choices can have big implications downstream,
and tailings engineers talking to metallurgists about how
legacy wastes might best be remined. Establishing these
conversations starts in our disciplinary classrooms but
extends out across the mining industry. The Tailings Center is
working to break down disciplinary silos to allow education
and research with that end in mind. We are working to
provide an academic hub for tailings education and research,
a hub that connects across the spectrum of educational
disciplines that produces mining practitioners. Over the
past one and a half years, the Tailings Center has provided,
with substantial help from mining practitioners, 16 short
courses to industry, regulators and consultants from across
the globe to begin to raise our collective knowledge of the
fundamentals of tailings.
We need more tailings practitioners. Our industry is
confronted by a lack of new talent — our talent pool is
beginning to look like a talent puddle. Broadly, this trend
exists across the geosciences1 (only seven percent of high
school students in the United States take earth science
courses2), and nowhere is this trend being felt more keenly
than in tailings management. Implementation of the Global
Industry Standard on Tailings Management requires more
tailings professionals. Decreasing ore grades and finer grinds
yield more waste that requires more tailings professionals.
Increased demand for minerals to support the green energy
and transportation revolutions requires more tailings
professionals. Changing the narrative of mining from an
environmental liability to a partner in global sustainability
requires more tailings professionals. New professionals
require topical education and mentoring — if we can even
find them.
The good news is that altruistic factors, such as helping
Fine Grind serves as a forum for the presentation and
discussion of facts, ideas and opinions pertaining to the
interests and technology of the Mineral & Metallurgical Pro-
cessing Division. Accordingly, all material published herein
is signed and reflects the individual views of the authors. It
is not an official position of SME or the division. Comments
by readers will be referred to the division for response. The
division chair in 2022 is Ronel Kappes.
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
SME News Fine Grind
the environment and helping society are driving the career
choices of prospective students,3 particularly students
historically underrepresented in mining. The Tailings Center
is beginning a sustained effort to expose and recruit top-
quality undergraduate and graduate students to the tailings
and mine waste profession, emphasizing diversity in culture,
gender and experience. Our hope is that tailings stewardship
will serve as a gateway for a broad range of future mining
professionals, feeding back up across the mining continuum.
Breadth and depth are key. Dramatic advance of tailings
education and research far exceeds the borders of a single
university or discipline. The Tailings Center was founded by
three universities with different deep strengths in mining. We
are working to leverage the educational capacities of CSM,
CSU and UArizona (and hopefully other universities in the
future) to offer professional development and graduate-
level courses leading to certificates, and new cross-university
engineering graduate degree programs. We are establishing
pathways to share graduate courses across universities. We
are also looking for broad participation from the mining
industry, regulators and stakeholders to have impactful
conversations on the future of environmental stewardship.
The formulation of new solutions to reduce mine waste
generation, reuse legacy waste as new inputs or new
products, and restore mined landscapes inherently requires
broad and deep teams. We encourage you to become
(continued on page 67)
Note to 2022 Scotch Nightcap
attendees
T he MPD Executive Committee offers a sincere
apology regarding logistical issues that occurred
during the 2022 MPD Scotch Nightcap in Salt Lake City,
UT.
Despite shortcomings, (staying true to our mining
roots) we improvised and adapted, with attendees
enjoying entertainment by Bass Metals along with the
opportunity to network.
Attendance and sponsorship for the MPD’s primary
scholarship fundraiser were exceptional; however, for a
featured event of the SME Annual Conference & Expo,
execution did not meet our expectations: delayed start,
undersupply of the namesake libation, long lines for
other beverages and a lack of snacks/hors d’oeuvres.
To assure a smooth MPD Scotch Nightcap in 2023 (in
Denver), the MPD Executive Committee is addressing
concerns stated by attendees and sponsors by creating
an ad hoc committee to address the logistical issues and
make appropriate amends for the 2023 event.
Please follow the MPD Fine Grind for further
updates. n
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 65
Rock in the Box SME News
Who was Ben F. Dickerson III?
M&E Division recalls the geologist who inspired the annual award
by Bob Schafer
F or many years, 35 years to be precise, the Mining and
Exploration (M&E) Division of SME has presented
the Ben F. Dickerson III Award to a mining person, “in
recognition of professionalism and contributions to the
mining industry.”
This award is presented at the annual M&E luncheon
during the MINEXCHANGE SME Annual Conference
& Expo in February. Many notable people have been
recipients of the bronze Gary Prazen statue in recognition
of career achievement. But who was the award named after?
There is a very short, 10-line biographic sketch of Dickerson
on the SME website that reads as follows:
“Ben F. Dickerson III was a member of AIME from
1962 until his death in 1987. He served on the Board of
Directors and was Chair of the M&E Division. He will
be remembered for his numerous “Rock in the Box”
columns, which he began writing in 1980, and also for the
humor, wit and satire of his “News and Rumor from the
Bush” articles featured in Skillings Magazine. He believed
in professionalism and encouraged his employees to
participate in professional societies in order to grow in their
profession. Besides AIME, he was a member of SEG, GSA,
the Society of Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, SIMM,
AIPG, Colorado Mining Association, Northwest Mining
Association, Mining Club of the Southwest, Mining Club of
New York and the Arizona Geological Society, to name just
a few. He abhorred ignorance and apathy. His curiosity was
boundless; he never stopped asking “Why?”
That short narrative tells very little of Dickerson, what
he did and why this award exists. I will try to add some
anecdotal color with this column.
Dickerson was a WWII-era veteran, like many in the
mining profession from the 1950s to 1970s. Much like today,
the mining industry was pretty small and tight-knit, and
everyone knew all the other players as friends and rivals.
He attended many technical conferences, but rarely sat in
the presentation rooms to listen to the technical talks. He
would ask those departing a talk what its key points might
be. I learned later that his experience as a U.S. Marine in the
Pacific theater during WWII had left him nearly deaf from
mortar/artillery fire, so he could not hear what was said in a
presentation room. He was a heavy cigarette smoker, and I
think that may have done him in.
Unfortunately, most of Dickerson’s contemporaries
are no longer around to tells us more. A very few of us as
Rock in the Box serves as a forum for the presenta-
tion and discussion of facts, ideas and opinions pertaining
to the interests and technology of the Mining & Explora-
tion Division. Accordingly, all material published herein is
signed and reflects the individual view of the authors. It is
not an official position of SME or the division. Comments
by readers will be referred to that division for response.
The division chair in 2022 is Matt Blattman.
66 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
“next generation” geologists, meaning those who started
our careers in the 1970s and 1980s, met him only briefly
and really only knew him by reputation. I was fortunate
enough to have met him a few times at mining conferences,
including the SME Annual Conference & Expo and
elsewhere.
Dickerson was a highly respected executive as chief
geologist for Superior Oil/Minerals in the 1960s to 1970s.
He was well liked, and his minions revered him because
he believed that among his roles as an exploration boss his
job was to guide young geologists to learn their craft well,
expand their horizons, guide their career paths to success
and maximize their compensation.
Although he would never admit it, it was widely
speculated that he was the author of the fabled “Ol’ One-
Eyed Prospector” column in Skillings Magazine. The column
was wildly popular, awaited eagerly by many, and feared
by just as many. The column was published monthly and
reported the unofficial “News and Rumors from the Bush.”
It was entertaining, satirical and yet cut to the point. If an
exploration geologist wanted to know what was happening
at a competitor’s drilling project, or an executive wanted to
know who was seen talking with whom in a bar in advance
of the next big deal, they could often find out in the column
long before official news was published. Ol’ One-Eye would
compliment the success stories and mercilessly ridicule the
actions of the short-sighted. He had nicknames for people
and companies that were either complimentary or derisive.
For example, a large mining company was commonly
referred to as “The Evil Empire” decades before “Star
Wars” came along. Corporate executives cringed when
their names were mentioned in an Ol’ One-Eye column, or
wondered angrily how he acquired the ‘breaking news and
rumors’ that were often corporate secrets.
As I mentioned earlier, he was nearly deaf. He
also wore a black patch over one eye and had a silver
mustache. He often learned about the latest in geology and
exploration while asking conference attendees to explain
the key points of a technical presentation by button-holing
them as he waited outside the presentation room. It is
speculated that this is also how he would learn some of
the news and rumors. By befriending and talking quietly
with unsuspecting geologists, he would capture inside
information by asking how the content of the latest geo-
talk might apply to projects in their corporate portfolio.
Dickerson III was proud to be a geologist and a mining
professional. His reputation and stature at the time reflected
his wisdom, ethical behavior and interests in mentoring and
promoting the careers of young professionals. His peers
in the M&E Division wanted to recognize and remember
Dickerson for all he had done, and the Dickerson Award
was instituted shortly after his passing.
I would like to thank Syver More and Fred Graybeal for
helping recall points in this discussion. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

MEC announces plans to collaborate
with SME Federal University of Technology Akure in Nigeria
by Akudo Nwokeukwu, MEC Outreach Coordinator
T he Minerals Education Coalition (MEC) has entered
into a global phase to provide educational and
outreach resources to SME student chapters in their
effort to conduct K-12 and public awareness outreach
about the importance of mining and minerals. MEC is
now broadening its community engagement through
its collaboration with the SME Federal University of
Technology Akure (FUTA) Student Chapter in Nigeria,
in line with the SME Foundation and SME organizational
outreach goals and objectives.
MEC’s collaboration with SME FUTA Nigeria is
designed to help enhance that chapter’s outreach efforts,
called “Catch Them Young” #K-12 Education. The goal of
this program is to create awareness about the importance
of minerals and introduce mining to the general populace,
especially the secondary school students in Nigeria. MEC’s
goal in working with SME FUTA is to support their efforts
by giving them the opportunity to:
• Access materials to engage in public outreach.
• Receive support with planning community
outreach and implementing projects.
• Gain access and establish connections and
relationships with other SME student chapters as
well as SME members.
• Receive support to facilitate webinars and
workshops, and tap into the wealth of SME
members as potential speakers.
MEC believes that this partnership will serve as a
catalyst for change, with the goal of eventually bringing
SME student chapters from around the world together
on an inclusive social-media platform. This envisioned
platform would allow all SME student chapter members to:
• Dialog around a common goal of advancing
the understanding of mining, engineering and
technology.
• Learn about MEC and the free resources available
Fine Grind
(continued from page 65)
involved in thinking about how we steward our residuals.
We are just getting started. The Tailings Center is
led by Mike Henderson, a more than 40-year tailings
management veteran, assisted by directors from CSM,
CSU and UArizona: Linda Figueroa, professor of mining
engineering at CSM; Joe Scalia, assistant professor of civil
and environmental engineering at CSU; and Jaeheon Lee,
associate professor of mining and geological engineering at
UArizona. n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
SME News
Minerals Education Coalition
•
to help them increase outreach efforts in their
respective regions.
Interact with SME professional members that join
to contribute their ideas and resources to support
SME student chapters.
• See the many benefits of becoming long-term SME
members.
SME FUTA, Nigeria student chapter
SME FUTA, Nigeria was SME’s first student chapter in
Africa and has been in existence since 2012. The chapter’s
goal is to support students in mining and related disciplines
build their careers via technical resources and professional
development through networking and exposure to mining
professionals and companies within Nigeria, Africa and
across the continent.
History of the student chapter
On Aug. 3, 2012, as a teenager, the founding pioneer
Oluwatobi Dayo-Olupona sent an email to Mona
Vandervoort, SME education coordinator, expressing his
desire to establish a chapter of SME in Nigeria. It took
nearly two years for the chapter to be fully established.
The process was not an easy one. However, that singular
step initiated a deeper appreciation for the mining
industry and its immense contribution to the global
economy. Despite the challenges and barriers faced along
the way, the SME Board of Directors granted approval to
FUTA to kick-start operations. Today, more than seven
years after its founding, the chapter is led by its sixth
generation of leaders.
SME FUTA is open to collaborative projects with
mining industries, SME branches and personnel within
and outside Africa, as well as sponsorship to carry out
activities, from field trips to some of the Nigerian mining
companies to mining outreach and mining conferences
within the Nigeria region. If you are interested in any
of these collaborative opportunities, please reach out to
Taliat Olatunde at smefutanigeria@gmail.com. n
References
1. American Geosciences Institute (2021) U.S. Geoscience enrollments
and degrees collapse in 2019-2020. https://www.americangeosciences.org/
sites/default/files/DB_2021_021-EnrollmentsDegrees2020.pdf
2. Lewis E, Baker D (2010) A call for new geoscience education
research agenda. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 47(2):121–129,
https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20320
3. Carter SC, Griffith EM, Jorgensen TA, Coifman KG, Griffith WA
(2021) Highlighting altruism in geoscience careers aligns with diverse US
student ideals better than emphasizing working outdoors. Commun Earth
Environ 2:213 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00287-4.
Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 67
 SME News
Mining Competition
Team from Colorado School of Mines wins world championship at
44th Intercollegiate Mining Competition
A team of students from Colorado School of Mines was
named world champions at the 44th Intercollegiate
Mining Competition.
The Mines team of seniors Jim DesRochers, Isaiah
Heims and Vince Matuszak and sophomores John Dill
and Will Colvin won first place in the men’s division of the
international competition, hosted at Missouri University of
Science and Technology earlier this spring.
At the competition, men’s, women’s and co-ed teams
from the United States, England and Australia competed
head-to-head in seven events inspired by traditional mining
techniques: mucking, handsteel, swede saw, trackstand, jack
leg, surveying and gold panning.
The competition was started in 1978 to commemorate
the 1972 Sunshine Mine disaster in Idaho, which claimed the Kelly, a junior majoring in mining engineering, competed
lives of 91 miners. on Mines’ co-ed team, along with junior Mark Peirce,
Trinity Kelly, president of the Mines Intercollegiate sophomore Josh Tweedel, senior Porter Johnson, junior
Mining Competition Team, said the men’s squad is already Kalev Wade and freshman Jen Kinch.
training to defend its world title in 2023. “Getting involved with the Mining Competition Team
“Being able to compete in-person for the first time since is a great way to be part of a tight-knit community with a
2019 made the 44th Intercollegiate Mining Games even strong team atmosphere while competing in a unique activity
more exciting,” Kelly said. with a meaningful history,” Kelly said. n

Tour of Penn Big Bed Slate quarry;

Pennsylvania section learns of challenges at a local quarry
T he Pennsylvania Anthracite Section SME held a field
trip to the Penn Big Bed Slate quarry in Slatedale, PA
on Nov. 10, 2021. The field trip was arranged by section
secretary Eric Bella. The group met for lunch at the
Palmerton Pub, covered safety hazard training, and then
regrouped for the quarry tour guided by Mike Piersa of the
National Museum of Industrial History in Bethlehem, PA.
The visit included observations of the slate deposit’s
geological variations, historical quarrying methods and
equipment, environmental and safety aspects of the mining
operation, processing/finishing for many varying slate uses,
ranging from high-quality, custom construction materials
including slate roofing, slate flooring, countertops and
windowsills to chalk and artist boards, benches and the Left to right: Quarry supervisor Pete Papay Jr., Mike Piersa,
smallest item: turkey calls. The business does not advertise; Brian Redmond, Joe Kim, John Panzitta, John Mack, Angela
it relies on word of mouth from satisfied customers. Meck, Perry Hoover and Eric Bella (PA Anthracite SME Sec-
tion’s secretary and organizer of the slate quarry field trip).
Background information on the quarry
Penn Big Bed Slate Company (PBBS) had been a PBBS is a proven source of high-quality Pennsylvania
family-owned enterprise since its founding in 1934 by Jacob slate with manufacturing facilities capable of producing
Papay and his four sons John, Tom, Mike and Steve and virtually any type of architectural slate product, or products
his son-in-law Steve Babyak. Today, Pete Papay Sr. and which make use of slate.
his son Pete Papay Jr. are the third- and fourth-generation After Mike Piersa and Pete Papay Jr. led the tour of the
quarriers. In 2005, Penn Big Bed merged with The Dally quarry and surface processing, the group met Pete Papay Sr.,
Slate Co. of Pen Argyl, PA. The management team of the the owner of the quarry, who did a great job of covering the
two slate quarries today consists of Peter J. Papay Sr., Peter realities and challenges his business faces in the COVID-19
J. Papay Jr. and John Dally Jr. pandemic and logistical world challenges. n

68 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com

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www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 73

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74 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 Index of Display Advertisers
Index of Display Advertisers JUNE 2022

ASGCO.................................................................22
Dyno Nobel...........................................................19
Epiroc...................................................................23 ®
Gorman Rupp........................................................25 OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF SME
Hitachi ...........................................Inside Back Cover Business Office
Independent Mining Consultants...............................26
12999 E. Adam Aircraft Circle
J.H. Fletcher..........................................................21 Englewood, CO 80112 USA
Jennmar.......................................Outside Back Cover Main Tel: 1.303.948.4200
1.800.763.3132
McLanahan............................................................33 Fax:    1.303.973.3845
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
Meridian................................................................69
Nalco Water..........................................................31
Nelson Irrigation.....................................................32
Advertising Manager
Normet Americas...................................................24
Gary Garvey
Schurco Slurry.......................................................01 garvey@smenet.org
SealRyt................................................................. 35
SME House Ad - SummerExchange...........................13
SME House Ad - THRIVE.........................................07
Sales Offices
SME House Ad - Books...........................................09
SME House Ad - Calendar.......................................14 Hooper Jones
Central, NW U.S.
SME House Ad - Ground Control..............................11 1.847.486 .1021
Cell: 1.847.903.1853
SME House Ad - SMEF...........................................12 Fax: 1.847.486.1025
SME House Ad - Tailings Webinar Series...................05 hooperhja@aol.com

SRK Consulting......................................................15 Laura Lemos

East, South, West U.S.
Weir Minerals........................................................03 Cell: 1.973.668.2449
Main: 1.973.822.9274
laura@boja.com
Darren Dunay
Canada
1.201.781.6133
Cell: 1.201.873.0891
sme@dunayassociates.com
Eberhard G. Heuser
Europe
+49 202 2838128
Fax: +49 202 2838126
egh@heusermedia.com

log on. Patrick Connolly

United Kingdom

dig in. +44 1702.477341

Fax: +44 1702.477559
patco44uk@aol.com
Gary Garvey
International Sales
1.303.948.4243
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garvey@smenet.org

www.miningengineeringmagazine.com Mınıng engıneerıng JUNE 2022 75

The Drift of Things
Mining and tunneling face workforce challenges
Attracting
young people is key
D uring a panel discussion at the
Canadian Institute of Mining,
Metallurgy and Petroleum’s (CIM/
ICM) annual conference in Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada in May,
Newmont’s executive vice president
and chief technology officer Dean
Gehring shared a story that is familiar
to many mining professionals.
William Gleason “I was recently on a flight to
Editor Denver when the young woman sitting
next to me asked me what I did for a
living,” said Gehring, guiding the few thousand
attendees to a situation that is likely very familiar
to many in the room. “I looked at the woman and
tried to guess her background and considered
how best to answer her.”
Like many who work in the mining
industry, Gehring found himself weighing
the consequences of his answer. He said he
considered telling her that he is an engineer and
leaving it at that. It wouldn’t be a lie and in the
end it might lead to a little more time to read a
book or catch up on emails rather than defend his
position and the industry to someone who might
be opposed to mining. In the end, Gehring chose
to tell her that he was a mining engineer. Her
response?
“They still mine in the United States?”
It was a funny tale about a brief exchange
with a fellow passenger, but that brief story cuts
to the heart of so many issues facing the mining
industry. It’s not only that the industry is facing
a negative perception but also that many people
have almost no knowledge of what the industry
does or how it does it. And if they do know what
mining is, they think it is still done with a pick axe
and a canary in a cage.
Recent surveys of incoming engineering
students conducted at the University of Arizona
found this to be the case when professors Isabel
Barton, Jodi Banta and Lynette Hutson dug deep
to find out why so many engineering students
choose disciplines other than mining even in a
mining friendly state like Arizona (ME, February
2021, October 2021 and March 2022).
“Students arrive in college knowing less about
mining engineering than they do about any other
engineering major, and they are not interested in
subjects they do not know much about. Remedy
that disparity in background knowledge, even by
76 JUNE 2022 Mınıng engıneerıng
a little bit, and there’s a large upward swing in
interest,” the authors wrote in the March 2022
installment.
But how do you go about educating the public
about an industry they seem to have little interest
in?
Sadly, this is not just a mining issue. The
tunneling and underground construction industry
also finds itself struggling to attract and retain
qualified professionals.
The jobs are there. The pay is there. The
opportunity to see the world is there, but the
students and young professionals are not coming
to the industry in the numbers needed to meet
the demand.
On page 16 of T&UC, bound into this issue,
associate editor Nancy Profera writes about the
conversations she had with a number of tunneling
professionals about the workforce challenge. And
at the George A. Fox Conference in New York
City on May 10 hosted by the UCA, a Division
of SME, a panel of tunneling and underground
construction professionals discussed the
challenges facing that industry. Much like mining,
the tunneling and underground construction
industry struggles because of a lack of awareness.
Gary Almeraris, president of The Moles, a
group composed of individuals now or formerly
engaged in the construction of tunnel, subway,
sewer, foundation, marine, subaqueous or other
heavy construction projects, said the key for
his industry is not just getting people into the
industry, but also keeping them with the right
balance of incentives.
“I’m not talking just about the money end,
but to have the flexibility and to adjust to the
work/life balance,” he said. “If you can get them
to have passion for the work, that is the key.”
Mike Rispin, current UCA Chair has worked
in mining and tunneling and is passionate about
keeping the industry strong.
“I was studying mining engineering and was
leaning toward the sales and marketing side
because of the fit with my personality. After
going out and doing summer jobs, I knew I
didn’t want an air-conditioned office. I wanted
to be on the road. I wanted to see different
projects and get my hands dirty,” Rispin said.
“I think a lot of young people don’t necessarily
know what they want to do ... we have an issue
with making people aware of what kind of
wonderful careers we can offer in our industry,
but we also fight a battle to make it look
attractive against some of the other options that
they may be considering.” n
www.miningengineeringmagazine.com
 tuc &
The Official Publication of UCA of SME
//////////
///// ®

Tunneling & Underground Construction

www.TUCmagazine.com Volume 16 N0. 2 June 2022

Workforce and education challenges

Long distance tunneling
George A. Fox conference

Includes:

ShowGuide
2022

Special Editorial Supplement from the publisher of

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Tunneling & Underground Construction
above ground exposure for
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Tunneling & Underground Construction
Magazine (T&UC) is the official publication of
the Underground Construction Association, a
Division of SME. UCA is the fastest growing
division within the world’s largest professional
mining society.
T&UC brings together owners, contractors,
designers and suppliers with an interest in
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provides a critical resource for best practices,
current projects and case studies. Each issue
of T&UC features the Tunnel Demand Forecast,
a comprehensive overview of many of the
largest underground projects taking place
across North America.
Readers of T&UC include SME members, UCA
members and the industry at large through
extensive bonus distribution at industry
ucaofsme.org
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Engineering magazine, and as a stand-alone
publication, T&UC reaches more than 17,000 in-
dustry professionals with each quarterly edition.
The products and services presented in T&UC
serve as the foundation of the underground
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crucial to the success of every project, large and
small. If your target audience is the professional
decisionmaker in the underground construc-
tion and tunneling industries, the exposure you
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 tuc &
June Contents

Departments Cover Story

4
Chair’s column
In This Issue
Tunneling and underground construction is a dynamic
and challenging industry with great career opportunities;
however, attracting and retaining qualified people to work
6 in the industry is a challenge. On page 16 experts from a
Underground range of sectors talk with T&UC associate editor Nancy
construction news Profera about the challenges and possible solutions.

28
UCA News

27
Business Profiles
Feature Articles
30
Tunnel demand
forecast 16
The state of education and
workforce in tunneling and
32 underground construction
Classifieds

Nancy Profera

21
Long-distance tunneling;
Challenges and trends of large
projects in Europe

Karin Bäppler

26
Fox Conference returns to New York
City with record attendance

William Gleason

tucmagazine.com
AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF UCA OF SME | WWW.SMENET.ORG | VOLUME 16 NO. 2 | JUNE 2022

Copyright 2022 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. All rights reserved. TUNNELING & UNDERGROUND CON-
STRUCTION (ISSN 0026–5187) is published quarterly by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., at 12999 E. Adam Aircraft Special editorial section
Circle, Englewood, CO 80112-4167. Phone 1-800-763-3132 or 303-973-9550. Fax: 303-973-3845 or e-mail: sme@smenet.org. Website: www.
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permission from, and may be subject to fees by SME. SME is not responsible for any statements made or opinions expressed in its publications. ™

Member subscription rate included in dues.

Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 1

 Thank you to the Corporate and Sustaining
member companies of UCA for their
membership and support in 2022.
Your support of the UCA demonstrates corporate leadership for
advancement in technology, skill and innovation in the industry.

S U S TA I N I N G M E M B E R S

Thank you to the Corporate and Sustaining member

companies of UCA of SME for their membership and
support in 2019.
Your support of the UCA of SME demonstrates a corporate leadership for
advancement in technology, skill and innovation in the industry.

S U S TA I N I N G M E M B E R S S U S TA I N I N G

C O R P O R AT E M E M B E R S C O R P O R AT E

Akkerman Dyno Nobel Hatch McMillen Jacobs Northern Dewa

Associates
Bekaert Maccaferri Freese and Nichols Hayward Baker Obayashi Co
Underground Solutions C O R P O R AT E M E M B E R S McNally International, Inc.
Geokon J F Shea Co., Inc. RE-System
Canary Systems MST Global
GHELLA James W. Fowler Co. Resource Wes
Akkerman
CDM Smith Inc
Guy F. Atkinson
Geokon Inc
King Shotcrete Solutions
McMillen
Mueser Jacobs
Rutledge Consulting
Ruen Drilli
Engineers (MRCE)
Associates
David R Klug & Construction
Associates, Aldea Services Grydale USA
Mapei Shannon & W
Inc. Normet
Harvey Parker & Assoc.
Dr. Sauer & Partners
Marti USA, Inc. McNally Tunneling Corp
Bekaert Harvey Parker & Assoc
Learn more about the UCA of SME Corpor
MST Global
smenet.org/uca-of-sme/about-uca/spo
Canary Systems Inc Herrenknecht
M|R|C|E
David R Klug &
33 UCA CorpSustMemberAD-TUC-2PAGE-v2.indd All Pages
IOT Automation
Associates Inc Normet Group
Mapei Corp
Dyno Nobel Inc
 S U S TA I N I N G M E M B E R S

MEMBERS

MEMBERS

atering, Inc. Sika Corporation

orporation Stantec
C O R P O R AT E M E M B E R S
ms Group SubTerra, Inc.
st Inc. (RWI) Terratec
ing Inc.
Northern Dewatering Inc
Traylor Bros, Inc.
Shannon and Wilson Inc TBC - The Boring Company
Wilson, Inc. Obayashi Corporation
Wisko America, Inc. Stantec Terratec
Resource West Inc Strata Worldwide The RE-Systems Group
rate and Sustaining Members online at
onsors/uca-sustaining-membership
RE-Systems Group SubTerra Inc Traylor Bros Inc

8/16/19 12:04 PM

Learn more about UCA Corporate and Sustaining Members online at

smenet.org/UCA/UCA-Membership-Benefits/Corporate-Sustaining-Membership

Stakeholder awareness for the
tunneling industry – Part two
L
ast issue, I started my column
with the following concepts:
“The benefits that tunnels
and underground infrastructure
bring to people the world over are
indisputable. We in the industry know
that our solutions — performance-
wise, environmentally, economically
— are the right ones in a long-term
context and deliver huge value,
whether in transportation, water,
sewer or other applications. The
industry is growing globally at around
a 10 percent CAGR for a reason …
the world needs tunnels, and they are
a good investment.
We need to focus on the decision
makers who make infrastructural
investments — owner organizations,
legislators — and get the message to
them, help ensure that they have all
the facts at their disposal when they
make their decisions for or against
underground investment.”
So, this issue, let’s talk more
about this. I’m going to lay out some
thoughts, but I am really hoping that,
once you read this, you reach out to
me with feedback or ideas for moving
forward.
How do we best and realistically
continue to get access to and raise the
level of awareness and educate the
decision makers about underground
infrastructure? As a nonprofit
organization, we cannot actively
lobby for specific legislation in the
way that professional lobbyists or
other related organizations do. But
that limitation is a minor one. We
can still, as an industry, have a very
significant impact in a structured
and systematic way, if we set our
collective minds to it.
UCA’s parent body, the SME,
is effective in the mining industry.
While the lobbying per se is left to
the National Mining Association
and similar organizations, SME is
nonetheless linked to and supportive
of the effort by being active with a
Government and Political Affairs
4 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
tuc
&
Chair’s Column
EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor
William Gleason
gleason@smenet.org
Associate Editor
Nancy Profera
profera@smenet.org
Production Graphic Artist
Ted Robertson
robertson@smenet.org
BUSINESS STAFF
Media Manager
Advertising
Michael Rispin Gary Garvey
2022-2023 UCA Chair garvey@smenet.org
Committee (GPAC). These groups
work side by side in providing facts, Phone +1-800-763-3132 or +1-303-973-4200
Fax +1-303-973-3845
figures and materials that all help
to educate decision makers on the Internet www.smenet.org
importance of investment in the
mining industry. You may have SOCIETY FOR MINING, METALLURGY,
recently seen in media that a national AND EXPLORATION, INC. OFFICERS
strategy for minerals policy is an
President
important issue for our country right
now. Ronald Parratt
Personally, I believe that
investment in underground President-Elect
infrastructure is very important K, Marc LeVier
as well. We’re not nearly as big an
industry as mining. However, does Past President
that mean we shouldn’t be educating
William Edgerton
and enlightening just as assiduously?
I think many of us feel the same way.
Executive Director
The UCA’s participation with the
David L. Kanagy
American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE) Legislative Fly-In completed
recently and the feedback was good. Underground Construction
Various UCA members met their Association of SME
respective state representatives, both Executive Committee
in Congress and the Senate, and Mike Rispin (Chair), Erika Moonin (Vice
had the opportunity to speak about Chair) Robert Goodfellow (Past Chair), Shane
the industry. Members were able to Yanagisawa, Robert Robinson, Michael Vitale,
use the “History of Tunneling in the Tony O’Donnell, Paul Schmall, Michael Bruen,
United States” book as a reference to Mark Johnson, Leon Jacobs, Jonathan Klug,
the important contributions that have Sarah Wilson, Matthew Preedy, Mike Mooney,
been made by the industry to the Douglas Gabriel, Moussa Wone, John Huh and
nation’s development, and to explain Grover Vargas.
how these types of asset investments
need to continue and accelerate into
the future.
The UCA Executive Committee
(continued on page 12)
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NEWSNEWSNEWS
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts
constructing 11-km (7-mile) tunnel
T
he Clearwater Project in Los
Angeles County will create
an 11-km (7-mile) tunnel
to protect the waterways in Los
Angeles, CA.
The Los Angeles County
Sanitation Districts operate and
manage 11 wastewater treatment
plants, 47 pumping plants and 1,269
km (1,410 miles) of sewers to serve
about 5.6 million people. Treated
wastewater is conveyed to the
Pacific Ocean by two outfall tunnels,
60 and 80 years old, respectively. The
tunnels, which cross two earthquake
faults, cannot be taken out of
service for repair and maintenance.
In 2006, the districts began
planning, environmental studies
and geotechnical investigations to
develop alignment alternatives for a
new outfall tunnel, built to current
earthquake standards and with the
necessary capacity to protect against
overflows from major rainstorms.
Brierley Associates’ Sean
Harvey, Dave Sackett, Patrick
Smith, Nathan Stubley and Alan
Tunnel boring machines arrive in Vancouver
T
he first shipment of parts for
the tunnel boring machines
(TBM) that will be used for
Vancouver’s Broadway subway line
arrived in the province in late April.
Tunneling for the project that is an
extension of the existing Millennium
Line will begin this summer.
The Ministry of Transportation
said the equipment was shipped out
of Germany in late February, passed
through the Panama Canal and
arrived at the Fraser Surrey Docks
on April 15.
A second and final shipment was
expected to arrive in the following
weeks.
The heavy equipment will then
be assembled into two 6-m (19-ft)-
wide and 150-m (190-ft)-long
6 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
tuc
&
®
Howard were all part of the early on
marine and land based geotechnical
investigations that were crucial
to understanding subsurface
characteristics for the design and
subsequent construction of this new
vital asset. After several years of
assessment, investigation, analysis
and regulatory approvals, Los
Angeles County Sanitation Districts
has undertaken the Clearwater
Project.
The Clearwater Project is
being delivered by conventional
design-bid-build methods and
groundbreaking occurred in 2019.
Selected from more than 21 options,
the new tunnel will extend from
the Joint Water Pollution Control
Plant and connect to a manifold
structure at Royal Palms State
Beach. The total length of the tunnel
is approximately 11 km (7 miles)
with a nominal internal diameter of
5.4 m (18 ft).
Excavation of the tunnel
commenced in the fall of 2021 using
a new Herrenknecht slurry tunnel
boring machines at a staging area in
Vancouver before being put to work.
The machines, which when
complete will each weigh about a
million kilograms, require a crew of
eight to 12 people to operate and
can cut about 18 m (60 ft) of tunnel
per day.
The work is expected to pull
about 200,000 cubic meters of soil
out of the ground, which will be
removed by a conveyor belt.
Global News reported that the
boring machines will be named later
this spring.
The Ministry of Transportation
said the TBMs will both be launched
from the future site of the Great
Northern Way-Emily Carr station
near Main Street and will carve
boring machine named Rachel after
Rachel Carson, author of Silent
Spring. The TBM was launched from
a sequentially excavated starter
tunnel and corresponding tail tunnel
at the bottom of a 17-m (55-ft)-
diameter, approximately 43-m (140-
ft)-deep shaft located adjacent to
the Joint Water Pollution Control
Plant.
Numerous geotechnical
challenges will be encountered
throughout the length of the tunnel.
The deep shaft and first portion of
the tunnel are encountering alluvial
sediments consisting of silt, sand,
gravel, cobbles and boulders below
the water table. Further along the
alignment, the tunnel will pass
through two active fault zones, the
Palos Verdes fault zone and the
Cabrillo fault zone. The fault zones
present their own set of challenges,
which may include the potential for
squeezing ground. Eventually the
geology will transition from alluvial
(continued on page 13)
new tunnels to Cypress Street, near
the subway’s terminus at Arbutus
Street.
Work is already underway on
the subway’s six stations, which will
be connected by the new tunnels.
The boring work is expected to
take about a year to complete.
The Broadway subway
station will extend the SkyTrain
Millennium Line an additional 5.7
km (3.5 miles) west to Arbutus
Street, at a projected cost of at least
$2.8 billion.
TransLink and the city of
Vancouver have both said they want
to extend the line all the way to the
University of British Columbia’s
Point Grey campus; however,
funding for a second stage of the
line has not been secured. n
 tuc &
®

NEWSNEWSNEWS
Gateway Program completes geotechnical study

T
he Gateway Program has
completed geotechnical
investigation work, a necessary
part of entering the engineering
phase of the $5.6 billion Federal
Transit Administration Capital
Investment Grant (CIG) it is seeking
for the Hudson Tunnel Project.
New Jersey Business reported
that the project completed a total of
75 geotechnical investigations. The
borings included 64 borings in New
Jersey and New York over several
years, 37 of which were during
the recently completed Phase 2
Supplemental Geotechnical Boring
Program plan based on input from
the private sector. The samples
obtained from the borings will
inform the design and engineering
planning for full construction of the
project.
The borings were completed in
Secaucus, along the future above-
ground alignment, in Union City,
along the future Palisades Tunnel
alignment, at the Hoboken Project
Site, along the future Hudson River
Tunnel alignment under the Hudson
River, and in Manhattan, at the
Hudson River Park, and at the 12th
Avenue Project Site. Samples were
taken at depths ranging from 14 m to
154 m (48 ft to 505 ft).
The project also completed
five cone penetration tests, four
seismic cone penetration tests, a
marine geophysical survey in the
Hudson River, and a surface-based
geophysical survey along the Hudson
Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) tracks in
New Jersey.
In a joint statement, Gateway
Development Commission co-chairs
Steven M. Cohen of New York and
Balpreet Grewal-Virk of New Jersey,
along with vice chair Tony Coscia of
Amtrak, said: “Finishing geotechnical
investigations to reduce risk and
provide certainty on where and how
to dig the first rail tunnel under
the Hudson River in a century is a
major accomplishment. This work
is another example of our partners
working together to advance the
tunnel project as far as we possibly
can in preparation for full funding
and construction.
“From building two sections of
the tunnel casing in Manhattan, to
advancing the design of the project
to 30 percent, to achieving all the
project’s regulatory approvals, to
completing this geotechnical work,
we and our partners have shown over
and over that no obstacle will stand
in the way of finally delivering 21st
Century rail transportation between
New York and New Jersey.” n

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NEWSNEWSNEWS

Tunneling work completed on London’s super sewer

A
tunnel boring machine
(TBM) named Annie
completed its 4.5-km (2.7-
mile) journey to create the final
major connection tunnel into
London’s Tideway super sewer, a 25-
km (15.5-mile) tunnel connecting east
and west London.
TBM Annie, named after Annie
Scott Dill Russell, the first female
scientist to work at the Greenwich
Observatory, broke into the shaft at
Tideway’s Chambers Wharf site on
April 4.
On April 29, Tideway announced
that tunneling on the project was
officially complete, four years after it
started.
Robert Margariti-Smith, tunnel
manager, said of the final major
connection, “This is a fantastic
moment for the Tideway team as
TBM Annie arrives safely at her
destination.
“The team at Greenwich, where
the journey began, and at Chambers
Wharf, where it’s now finished, have
done a superb job in getting us to this
point. Although there is much work
to be done, it’s great to have reached
this milestone – bringing London
ever closer to a cleaner Thames.”
TBM Annie began her journey
at the end of 2020, passing Tideway’s
sites at Deptford Church Street and
Earl Pumping Station along the drive.
Despite being smaller than
the TBMs used to create the main
tunnel, TBM Annie, manufactured by
Herrenknecht, is still an impressive
6.4 m (20 ft) wide.
Much of the excavated spoil from
the tunneling operation was removed
from site by barge; Tideway has
invested in new marine infrastructure
to use Deptford Creek as a transport
artery in order to keep lorries off
local roads.
The Tideway project celebrated
the completion of tunneling with a
live performance by London-based
composer and musician Rob Lewis,
who performed 70 m (230 ft) below
ground.
“Completion of tunneling
for London’s new super sewer is
testament to the hard work and
contributions of thousands of people
and organizations, over many years –
and it brings us closer to the ultimate
goal of a cleaner River Thames. This
performance celebrates a significant
milestone in our efforts to create a
more sustainable London for our
growing population and we are
pleased to commemorate the end of
tunneling in such a unique way.” said
Sir Neville Simms, chair of Tideway.

TUNNELING SPECIALISTS bradshawcc.com Once operational in 2025, the new

410.970.8300 super sewer will dramatically reduce
sewage pollution of River Thames.
By combining superior craftsmanship with innovative tunnel engineering and The project is being delivered in
construction technology, Bradshaw Construction Corporation successfully provides three sections. The central section
cost effective tunneling solutions to the utility and transportation industries. is being overseen by a joint venture
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Meanwhile, Bam Nuttall, Morgan
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FOR TUNNELING PROJECTS the east section is being delivered by
Costain, Vinci Grand Projects and
Bachy Soletanche.
Overall, the Tideway project
involves a 25-km (15.5-mile) tunnel
to intercept, store and ultimately
transfer sewage waste away from the
River Thames.
Remaining work includes
secondary lining, connection and
testing works. n

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8 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

CALL for
TOPICS
Contract Practices
Design
Design/Build Projects

PAPERS
Difficult Ground
Drill and Blast
Environment, Health and Safety
Future Projects
Geotechnical Considerations
Ground Control, Face Support and Monitoring
Ground Support and Final Lining
Grouting and Ground Modification
Hard Rock TBMs
Impacts of COVID-19 on the Tunneling Industry
Insurance
International Projects
Large Span Tunnels and Caverns
Microtunneling and Trenchless Tunneling
New and Innovative Technologies
Pressure Face TBM Case Histories
Pressure Face TBM Technology
Project Planning
Risk Management
The Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (RETC) is the SEM/NATM
premier international forum for the exchange and dissemination Shafts and Mining
of developments and advances in underground construction. Tunnel Rehabilitation
RETC provides innovative solutions to the unique challenges Tunneling for Sustainability
associated with the tunneling industry. Additional topics of interest will be considered.

Submit abstracts online at:

https://sme-retc.secure-platform.com/a
Share your tunneling expertise at one of the leading
conferences for underground construction. Deadline is June 30, 2022

Submit your 100-word abstract by June 30, 2022
for consideration to
https://sme-retc.secure-platform.com/a
The ideal paper presents the solutions and outcomes
to interesting or unique challenges.
Authors will be notified of acceptance by September
2022. Final manuscripts from accepted authors are
due December 15, 2022. Manuscripts are mandatory
for inclusion and must be received on time. All man-
uscripts will be included in the proceedings volume
distributed on-site to all full registrants. If you cannot
commit to completing a manuscript on time, please
do not submit an abstract for consideration.

Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration

12999 E. Adam Aircraft Cir.
For more information, Englewood, CO USA 80112
contact: 800.763.3132 | 303.948.4200,
https://sme-retc.secure-platform.com/a
 tuc
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NEWSNEWSNEWS
EPA awards LA County with money for water project

T
he Los Angeles County
Sanitation Districts Clearwater
project that will replace a pair
of aging wastewater tunnels in Los
Angeles, CA with an 11-km (7-mile)-
long precast concrete tunnel got a
financial boost of $441 million from
the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
EPA is providing a Water
Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act (WIFIA) loan to the Los Angeles
County Sanitation Districts for the
Clearwater project.
The 5.4-m (18-ft) diameter tunnel
will carry treated water from the
joint water pollution control plant in
Carson, CA, to ocean outfalls in Los
Angeles’ San Pedro neighborhood.
The new tunnel will have a greater
capacity for high flows than the
existing tunnels, which were built in
1937 and 1958, ENR reported.
County sanitation district officials
say major storms almost pushed the
tunnels past their capacity twice.
Those aging tunnels also cross two
earthquake faults, but do not meet
modern seismic standards. If the
capacity is exceeded or the tunnels fail,
sewage may discharge into surrounding
waterways. After the completion of the
new tunnel, the two existing tunnels
will be used as backups.
The project has been in the works
for several years. Design work with
tunneling experts from engineering
firms Parsons Corp. and McMillen
Jacobs Associates plus geotechnical
firm Fugro Consultants was completed
in 2018. In 2019, the sanitation districts
awarded a $630-million contract to
Dragados USA Inc. for the project.
Tunneling began in 2021. Officials
expect work to complete in 2027.
WIFIA loans are low cost and
long term, and are given for significant
water infrastructure projects. EPA
says Los Angeles County will save
about $76 million by financing with the
WIFIA loan.
“This loan will help us build
infrastructure that is critical for the
region and minimize the financial
impact on our rate payers,” Robert
Ferrante, chief engineer and general
manager of the sanitation districts, said
in a statement.
EPA is financing more than
$31 billion in water infrastructure
upgrades with WIFIA loans, according
to the agency. On May 9, EPA also
announced that it would provide $65
million in loans for two projects that
will increase groundwater treatment
capacity in Multnomah County, OR. n

MAKE PLANS TO ATTEND

• Discover networking opportunities

in a beautiful location
• Visit the LA Outfall Tunnel during the site tour
• Find professional development focused on innovation
Registration Opens
ucaofsmecuttingedge.org Fall 2022

10 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

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NEWSNEWSNEWS
The Boring Co. valued at $5.7 billion

T
he Boring Co. (TBC)
announced that it has raised
$675 million in a new funding
round, valuing the company at $5.675
billion. It plans to use the funds
to build many new tunnel boring
machines (TBM) and to dig tunnels
under more cities.
“Our Series C funding round of
$675 million is led by Vy Capital and
Sequoia Capital, with participation
from Valor Equity Partners, Founders
Fund, 8VC, Craft Ventures and DFJ
Growth. The financing now values
the Boring Co. at $5.675 billion,” the
company wrote in a press release.
It disclosed that the primary use
of the funds is going to be accelerating
hiring in order to scale current and
projects, including the Vegas Loop and
others, in addition to accelerating the
research and development of Prufrock
and future products.
TBC’s loop is an all-electric, zero-
emissions, high-speed underground
public transportation system using
Tesla vehicles in tunnels.
Its first application is at the Las
Vegas Convention Center, but the
city of Las Vegas recently approved
a major expansion of the system
throughout the whole strip and to the
airport.
In the release about the new
funding, TBC boasted that a fleet
of its latest tunnel boring machines
is going to soon enable it to build
about 965 km (600 miles) of tunnels
matter of weeks instead of years,
and at a fraction of the cost. The
current iteration of Prufrock, called
Prufrock-2, is designed to mine at
up to 1.6 km/week (1 mile/week),
meaning a tunnel the length of the
Las Vegas Strip (approximately 6.4
km or 4 miles) can be completed in a
month. Prufrock-3 is designed to be
even faster, with the medium-term
goal of 1/10 human walking speed, or
7 miles/day. In the short term, if each
Prufrock-2 mines at 1 mile/week, and
TBC produces one new Prufrock
machine per month, then TBC will be
introducing 965 km/a (600 miles py) of
capacity. As a point of reference, less
than 32 km (20 miles) of underground
subway tunnel has been constructed in
the United States in the last 20 years.”

upcoming loop projects.
The funds from the round will be
used to significantly increase hiring
across engineering, operations and
production to build and scale loop
per year or 30 times more tunnels
than in the last 20 years combined:
“Prufrock is a next-generation tunnel
boring machine designed to construct
mega infrastructure projects in a
C
On top of the project in Las Vegas,
TBC is already in talks with several
municipalities in California, Texas and
Florida for new loop systems. n

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&
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NEWSNEWSNEWS
Autonomous TBMs to be used in Sydney tunnel

T
he Sydney Metro West
tunnel project in New South
Wales, Australia will employ
the use of autonomous tunnel
boring machines (TBM), the New
South Wales (NSW) government
announced.
The Sydney Metro West tunnel
project consists of two 9-km (5.6-
mile) tunnels that are part of a 24-
km (15-mile) project.
ZDNet reported that the
autonomous machines are being
built as part of an AU$2.16 billion
Western Tunnelling Package that was
awarded to the Gamuda Australia
and Laing O’Rourke consortium,
which has contracted manufacturer
Herrenknecht to design, build and
deliver the machines.
According to the government,
the machines will feature artificial-
intelligence software, developed
by Gamuda, that will be used to
automatically steer, operate and
monitor various TBM functions.
“While an operator remains in
control, the autonomous system
takes on all repetitive tasks from
the operator with greater accuracy,”
Minister for Transport David
Elliot said, claiming that the use
of autonomous TBMs will be an
Australian first.
“The technology also allows
the TBMs to be more accurate and
precise, reducing the time required
to excavate the 9-km (5.6-mile)
tunnels, therefore saving project
costs.”
The autonomous machines are
expected to be delivered by the end
of 2023 where they will be used to
construct the metro rail tunnels from
Sydney Olympic Park to Westmead.
Each machine will be designed
to excavate through sandstone and
shale and are expected to each weigh
1,266 t (1,400 st) and be 165 m (541
ft) long. They will tunnel an average
of 200 m (656 ft) per week with a
team of 15 workers per shift, the
NSW government said.
“While these machines look
the same as others used on Sydney
Metro projects, this technology
means exact tunneling speed and
force is used. This lessens the
impact on the equipment, which
reduces the amount of downtime for
maintenance,” Elliot said.
The autonomous machines will
join a fleet of TBMs that are set to
build 24 km (15 miles) of tunnels.
The state government has also
announced that following a trial
with more than 1,400 tradies, the
digital contractor license is now
available to all individual contractor
license holders statewide on the
service NSW app. This will enable
tradies to access their work licenses
and contractors, as well as provide
consumers with the chance to quickly
check a tradies’ credentials. n

Chair’s column
(continued from page 4)
is currently examining options for enhancing efforts in the
GPAC environment. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. As
Yogi Berra once said: “If you don’t know where you’re going,
you’ll end up somewhere else.” Let’s decide where we want to
go, how we want to get there, what it’s going to take to do it,
then screw up our courage to the sticking point, start executing,
and get on with it. Sounds simple, right? It honestly does not
have to be complicated, just structured.
How about the idea of a UCA member being a “state rep”
for their state, and having 50 of these to cover all the states?
… or at least starting with the most important ones where
investment in tunneling infrastructure is a going concern or an
imminent need. I believe that a future state can exist where
each member of Congress or the Senate (or more local bodies)
could have knowledge of, and their staff have access to, an
underground expert that can be a resource for them. I can also
see that there would be reciprocal benefit.
I’ll hopefully have seen you at George Fox and maybe The
Moles Awards Dinner, and hopefully will see you at the North
American Tunneling conference (June 19-22, Philadelphia,
PA), and I look forward to engaging with you on this topic
of stakeholder awareness. I’m hopeful of getting individual
feedback but also look to the Corporate and Sustaining
Members of the Association to weigh in. We all, as members of
the industry, stand to benefit, as does society as a stakeholder.
Tunnel on!n

12 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

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NEWS
Clearwater:
tunneling will ZERO EMISSIONS
take four years Going Electric?
(continued from page 6)
sediments to faulted and uplifted
Let us show you how.
sedimentary bedrock consisting of
claystone, siltstone and sandstone.
Additionally, the tunnel alignment
will pass through the Wilmington Reliable hands free charging
Oil Field, the third largest petroleum
field in the United States, where Stäubli provides a universal solution
naturally occurring hydrocarbons are for automatic charging of electric
anticipated to be encountered. mining equipment with its innovative
The contractor, Dragados,
selected the slurry type of QCC (Quick Charging Connection).
TBM to help mitigate many of For high power charging systems
these geotechnical challenges. designed to stand up to the harsh-
A comprehensive automated
geotechnical instrumentation est environments, the Automated
program and real-time monitoring Connection Device (ACD) makes
of the TBM data have also it possible to transfer high levels
been deployed to observe the
of power (1MW+) which ensures
performance of the TBM and the
surrounding ground. The TBM has fast recharging of energy storage
excavated close to 335 m (1,100 ft) devices such as Li-Ion batteries and
to date.
super capacitors.
Brierley Associates served as
a specialty tunneling/geotechnical The high efficiency and reliability
subconsultant beginning with the of the QCC means less maintenance
planning phase, continuing through
with decreased down time. The ability
final design. Sean Harvey, Nathan
Stubley and Patrick Smith are to quickly charge with the QCC allows
providing construction management manufactures to offer smaller onboard
services to the sanitation districts in battery packs so that machinery can
the lead geotechnical role. “We’re
providing interpretation and analysis better serve its intended purpose – to
of instrumentation data to assess transport the weight of ore, not the
TBM performance and ground weight of extra batteries.
behavior. Having real-time data
allows the construction management
team and the contractor to
understand and anticipate ground To find out more about the QCC solution,
behavior in order to adjust TBM scan the QR code or call us at
operations to optimize overall +1 707 838 0530
performance,” the team said. www.staubli.com/en-us/
Tunneling will take four years.
The outfall tunnel is expected to be
online in 2027. n

//////////
tucmagazine.com
ucaofsme.org Stäubli is a trademark of Stäubli International AG, registered in
Switzerland and other countries.© Stäubli 2022

Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 13

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NEWSNEWSNEWS
Tunnel boring machine completes largest outfall in Canada

O
n March 3, 2022, a 7.95-m
(26.1-ft)-diameter Robbins
single-shield tunnel boring
machine (TBM) completed a record-
setting run below Lake Ontario. The
machine, for the Southland/Astaldi
joint venture, bored 3.5 km (2.2
miles) in sedimentary rock for the
Ashbridges Bay Outfall in Toronto,
Ontario, Canada.
The machine launched in March
2021 from an 85-m (280-ft)-deep,
16-m (53-ft)-diameter shaft and
began its bore in predominantly
shale, with limestone, siltstone and
sandstone. During its excavation,
the TBM and its experienced crew
bored a city-wide record of 30 rings
in one day, or about 47 m (154 ft)
of advance. The machine and crew
surpassed a previous best day of
21 rings at a project with similar
specifications. “We are proud to have
completed another successful tunnel
with Robbins and greatly appreciate
their field service support,” said
Joe Savage, project manager for
Southland.
“This is a wonderful type of
geology for our machines. During
the entire excavation, a total of
seven cutters were changed. The
wear behavior is incredible, between
2 and 5 mm, and everyone is amazed
by the cutter performance,” said
Alfredo Garrido of Robbins Field
Service.
The crew had been operating
the machine in two shifts of 12
hours from Monday to Friday.
A Robbins continuous conveyor
system, including vertical conveyor,
transported muck behind the
machine. “Every 25 machine cycles, it
was necessary to stop the excavation
to probe drill holes in front of the
cutterhead to check for possible
water. This drilling was done basically
every day, stopping the machine for a
few hours, but it was very necessary,”
said Garrido.
The last kilometer of tunnel,
bored below a series of 50 risers
under Lake Ontario, was challenging
but ultimately successful. “The team
really worked together to overcome
some tough ground conditions and
high water inflows in the tunnel,” said
Savage.
The project won accolades from
the Tunnelling Association of Canada
(TAC) in late 2021 for its all-remote
machine acceptance enacted due
to the COVID-19 pandemic. The
machine acceptance, the first of its
kind, enabled communication and
confirmation between the machine’s
assembly location in Mexico, suppliers
in the United States and those
involved in Canada.
The completed outfall will connect
to the 50 in-lake risers to enable
efficient dispersion of treated effluent
over a wide area of the lake, making it
the largest outfall in the country. The
project for the City of Toronto will
improve the city’s shoreline and Lake
Ontario’s water quality by replacing a
70-year-old existing outfall. n

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14 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction


NEWSNEWSNEWS
Excavation of Purple Line tunnels completed
T
wo tunneling boring machines
(TBMs) have completed the
excavation of tunnels between
Century City and the Wilshire/Rodeo
station under downtown Beverly
Hills as part of Section 2 of the
Purple (D Line) Extension project in
Los Angeles.
In early February, the TBMs
were anticipated to start digging the
tunnels between Wilshire/Rodeo
and Wilshire/La Cienega stations.
The tunnels on a 6.2-km (3.9-mile)
Section 1 of the project — between
Wilshire/Western and Wilshire/La
Cienega — were completed in 2021.
The Source reported that
construction is also underway on
$235 million BART extension contract awarded
T
he joint venture Kiewit Shea
Traylor (KST) was awarded a
$235 million contract for tunnel
and trackwork (CP2) of the BART
Silicon Valley Phase II (BSVII)
Project in Santa Clara, CA. It is the
first of a series of contracts that will
be awarded for the project.
Contract package (CP2) will be
carried out in stages with stage 1
activities including investigation of
innovations, engineering and design,
open book cost estimates and the
work schedule. Stage 1 activities are
anticipated to occur from May 2022
through approximately December
Coming Events
/////
June 19-22, 2022
Philadelphia, PA
Nov. 13-16
Long Beach, CA
More information:
Meetings Department, SME
phone 800-763-3132, 303-948-4200,
email sme@smenet.org
tuc&
®
Section 3 of the project between
Century City and the Westwood VA
Hospital, including a key station at
Wilshire and Westwood boulevards
that will provide access to Westwood
Village and the UCLA campus.
The vital stats on the tunneling on
Section 2 include:
• The two TBMs — named
Harriet and Ruth — began
digging at Century City on
April 30, 2020, and traveled
to the east.
• Both TBMs excavated for
1,771 m (5,811 ft) between
Century City and the
Wilshire/Rodeo station.
2023, setting the stage for major
construction (stage 2), which includes
boring the tunnel under downtown
San Jose.
Three other contracts to be
considered in the future will be for
the systems, stations and the Santa
Clara Station and maintenance yard.
The Santa Clara Valley
Transportation Authority’s (VTA)
BSVII Project is a 10-km (6-mile),
four-station extension that will bring
BART service from Berryessa/North
San José through downtown San José
to the City of Santa Clara. It includes
three stations with underground
Tunneling shortcourse returns to
Colorado School of Mines
A
fter a pandemic
pause, the Center for
Underground resumes its
in-person tunneling short course
for professionals Oct. 17-20 at the
Colorado School of Mines in Golden,
CO. Tunneling Fundamentals,
Practice and Innovations includes
presentations by top industry experts
Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
• The first TBM, Harriet,
reached Wilshire/Rodeo on
Jan. 11. The second TBM,
Ruth, made it to the station
box on Jan. 28.
The Purple (D Line) Extension
project is extending Metro’s D Line
subway from its current terminus
at Wilshire/Western for nine miles
to the Westwood VA Hospital in
Westwood. The project is funded
mostly by Measure R, Measure
M and federal grants. Section 1 is
forecast to open in 2024, section
2 in 2025 and section 3 in 2027.
Travel time between Westwood and
downtown Los Angeles is expected to
take about 25 minutes. n
platforms (28th Street/Little Portugal,
Downtown San José and Diridon),
one ground-level station (Santa
Clara), a train maintenance and
storage facility at Newhall yard and
additional facilities. Five miles of the
six-mile alignment are planned to be
constructed in a large diameter single-
bore tunnel, with the remaining one
mile at-grade rail.
The VTA board of directors
also approved a request to review
previously completed assessments
comparing single and twin-bore
tunnel methodologies, in a parallel
track moving forward with the initial
contract work. n
and attendees participate in labs
and workshops in state-of-the-art
testing and research facilities while
networking with peers. Hands-on labs
and workshops include: EPB Soil;
Conditioning; Rock cutting; Abrasity
and wear; Shotcrete; Grouting, and
Slurry. Learn more and register at
learn.mines.edu/tunneling/. n
JUNE 2022 15
 tuc &
Feature Article 1
The state of education and workforce in
tunneling and underground construction
The tunneling and underground construction industry is challenged with raising awareness of the industry to young
engineers and students considering engineering careers.
T
he May 6, 2022 federal jobs report shows the U.S.
economy continues to strengthen with nonfarm
payroll employment increasing by 428,000 jobs in
April. Job growth was widespread, with gains in leisure
and hospitality, in manufacturing, and in transportation
and warehousing. Mining added 9,000 jobs in April, with
a gain in oil and gas extraction of 5,000 jobs. Mining
employment is 73,000 higher than a low reported
in February 2021. The unemployment rate is now at
3.6 percent, the lowest number since the start of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
In a tight labor market, what does this mean for the
tunneling and underground industry? Research shows
those numbers are trickier to find as the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics does not single out tunneling and
By Nancy Profera, Associate Editor
16 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
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underground occupations. One must look under mining,
oil and gas, and construction jobs to try and extract these
numbers.
To better understand what UCA members are facing
on the ground with hiring and retention, T&UC magazine
recently conducted two interview panel sessions with
members of UCA. This article is designed to share their
insights and perspective from different-size firms and
locations in the United States and abroad. Panelists
included UCA chair Mike Rispin, who is vice president
of tunneling for Strata Worldwide, Mike Roach of Traylor
Bros. Inc., Vojtech Ernst Gall of Gall Zeidler Consultants
(GZ), Elisa Comis of McMillen Jacobs Associates, Paul
Schmall, vice president for Keller and Mike Mooney, a
professor at the Colorado School of Mines.
New world order
There has been a tremendous amount of research
conducted on the post-COVID-19 economy. Remote
work, flexibility, the great resignation and inflation are
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Elisa Comis of McMillen Jacobs Associates leads a tour of a tunnel-
ing sight to raise awareness of the industry with the general public.
all factors in the fast-changing landscape.
Although these are certainly considerations the
panelists are addressing in their workplaces,
some of the back-to-basics approaches of
hiring and retaining employees were discussed:
internships, onboarding, reverse mentoring,
continuous employee engagement and getting
boots-on-the-ground experience; none of these
has gone away, and may be more important
than ever for both workers and employers.
According to Roach, who is the UCA
representative to the SME Workforce
Committee, although it is difficult to find
people with relevant industry experience, when
he travels to career fairs, there is no shortage
of entry-level engineers looking for jobs.
However, “finding people willing to get a little
dirty, sweat a little, and build these beautiful
things we’ve built, that’s a little harder to find
today,” he said, adding that on the other hand,
“if we get them early enough, they’re hooked.”
One of the major difficulties in recruiting continues
to be developing awareness that the tunneling and
underground industry even exists, and that these jobs can
be rewarding, pay well, have stability, and can in fact offer
a positive work-life balance.
The panelists addressed these hurdles, and Mooney
shared his perspective from the college environment.
He is involved in the “Teach the Professors” program
spearheaded by SME and UCA that aims to get more
professors understanding and teaching underground
concepts.
Academics
Mooney said that there are two pieces to the
puzzle: the curriculum and professors. On a broad scale,
looking at the education of civil engineers, which is the
largest group of engineers who go into tunneling and
underground, he said this area has slipped through the
cracks, without professors trained in underground, so they
are not comfortable teaching it.
Further, most of the civil engineering curriculum
caters toward geotechnical and structural engineering,
and doesn’t include underground. “We graduate close to
50,000 civil engineers a year in the U.S., and if you did
a survey, it would be shocking how many students don’t
even know underground construction is an option,” said
Mooney.
According to Schmall, who is the “Down for That”
initiative lead for the UCA, this is spot on. “There’s a
general lack of awareness in the engineering schools about
what goes on in underground construction. We’ve been
working hard to promote it, and expose the professors
too,” said Schmall, whose firm specializes in geotechnical
construction. “Professors have a tremendous influence
with students as they decide where they want to work.”
The reasons why professors aren’t prepared to teach
®
underground concepts are varied and include the fact
that there hasn’t been enough state and federal funding
for related underground programs because the tunneling
and underground construction industry isn’t big or broad
enough, and so these professors were funded in other
areas for their research while they worked on Ph.Ds. The
vast majority were brought up through the academic
ranks, and they do their doctoral work in areas that are
not in tunneling. “The areas of civil infrastructure that are
funding research are not in underground. That’s the way
it’s been for 20 to 40 years,” said Mooney.
If you contrast this to foundational engineering, for
example, which involves deep piling and drilled shafts,
although it is somewhat a specialty area, it is a much
bigger area in terms of what is done and practiced.
“Professors are trained in these areas. They’ve done
research in this area. They’ve written textbooks in this
area. So now you’ve got curriculum and foundations,
entire courses devoted to the subject. It becomes self-
fulfilling, because every civil engineering student goes
through these courses and learns from the people who
were trained in it, and so you’ve got an entire industry,”
said Mooney.
This is not the case in tunneling. Although there are
a few courses offered here and there, they are mostly
electives, taken by a handful of students, and only offered
at a few universities, according to Mooney.
“That’s one of the big drivers. We don’t have the
curriculum in place. We’d like to create this kind of
infrastructure in tunneling so that every student goes
through it, gets more exposure to the topic. We are also
working to get more professors trained in it so they are
comfortable teaching these topics. This is the goal of
the UCA Teach the Professors program,” said Mooney.
“I think more broadly, we just need to grow that. As
tunneling grows, you could envision a day when it’s as
popular as foundational engineering.”
Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 17
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Mooney also pointed out that the trend he sees for
students is toward more mechanical engineering degrees.
“This seems to have become the de facto engineering
degree. At the same time, the kind of sophistication,
automation and mechanization of tunneling today, these
two trends need to come together with more outreach to
the mechanical engineering students.”
He thinks this is evolving and changing with awareness
campaigns in underground construction and tunneling
jobs and as funding from the Biden administration’s
bipartisan infrastructure law starts to trickle in because
colleges will be funded in those areas where the work will
be done, and that too will help create awareness of these
types of jobs.
There was agreement among the panelists that
members of the industry must continue to create
awareness among the public about all that underground
construction work can offer, that there are exciting jobs
in this field, and that they are open to people with diverse
backgrounds and experiences. Schmall is convinced the
most effective way to increase student interest is to reach
young people directly. “To me, the most exciting thing
you can do with a civil engineering degree is go into
underground construction and tunneling. We have to wow
them directly to peak their interest, then connect them to
places to work,” said Schmall.
18 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
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Spreading the word
Comis shared an experience she had with spreading
this awareness. She is the Women in Tunneling lead
for the UCA and with her firm she was involved in the
construction of the Ohio Canal Interceptor Tunnel, one
of the most significant projects of the Akron Waterways
Renewed! program in Akron, OH. Prior to the tunnel
boring machine (TBM) launch, the public was invited
to visit the site and to see the fully assembled TBM.
They had hoped for a few hundred people to attend,
and instead they got close to 1,500 people. Out of all the
networking that happened that day, Comis was invited to
join the advisory board of the women in engineering at
the University of Akron.
The outreach program at the university was involved
in local STEM efforts, especially related to getting girls
interested in engineering careers. Over time, through these
connections, Comis’ firm, McMillen Jacobs, has hired two
female engineering graduates directly out of this program.
They are now working in McMillen’s Cleveland office.
“This was a city that had never seen a major tunneling
project before. The more tunnel projects that happen, the
more awareness is created. I am hopeful that the more
people know about these careers, the more there will be a
chain effect,” said Comis.
Image of underground careers
Comis is a member of the newly formed SME
Inclusion and Diversity Committee and her work in this
area has made her realize that it is not just an awareness
issue that is keeping people out of this industry, but one
of image that must be clarified. “Today, I find prospective
hires interview me instead of the other way around.
They want to know and ask me right away about work-
life balance,” said Comis. “If I work in underground,
will I be able to have a family?” she’s asked. “Most of
us are working long hours in underground, and so it can
be difficult to perceive, but you can have great work-
life balance in this field, and we just don’t promote it
properly.”
The panelists said young people are generally very
savvy today when it comes to asking for what they want
and being direct in questions pertaining to employment.
Rispin, who is the UCA chair, recently lectured at the
construction management program at Purdue University
and said he can’t contain his excitement when he talks to
students about careers in underground. These students are
looking for internships too. “I talk to them about all the
different facets. There’s engineering, there’s contracting,
there’s suppliers, there’s owners. Underground
construction definitely has some elements of theoretical,
but it’s practical, and it offers a lifestyle that’s different
from what kids may traditionally be thinking about. It
may not be for everybody, I’m always honest about that,”
he said.
What does the lifestyle of a tunneling and
underground construction career offer? One major draw
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for some may be the ability to travel

the world. “You’ve got to be prepared
to move where the projects are. There
are a lot of people the world over
in the tunneling industry who are
nomadic. They’ll go on a project for
three, four, five years and then take a
break and then … go on to the next
project. If they’re attuned to wanting
to see different lifestyles, cultures, see
different places and challenges, then
it fits them to a T, they love it,” said
Rispin.

Getting to students earlier

There was also agreement that
outreach needs to happen earlier,
either in middle or high school.
Trying to get students interested
in underground construction and
tunneling when they are already in
college is too late. “We have great
experiences talking with kids in
elementary school and we see their
eyes light up. We need to make these jobs as well known
as those of a firefighter or police officer,” said Comis.
“We also need to recruit for a variety of populations.
It’s not just about gender, but also race,” said Comis.
The larger companies like Stantec are moving faster in
these efforts, understanding and engaging with a broader
audience for recruiting and retention.
“We have to reach them younger. Right now we’re
kind of in panic mode, aiming for the college students
because that’s where we think we will see immediate
results,” said Schmall. “Invariably, when we do present to
young people, we knock their socks off, because the work
is incredibly exciting and challenging. We just need to get
in front of the students and do that.” COVID has made
that difficult in recent years, but the in-person outreach
has started again.
“When students enter the pipeline for STEM from
middle school is really the place to address the diversity
issue, that’s how you change the mix and create an
available pool of talent,” said Mooney.
In Comis’ experience, there is really no midpoint on
how people feel about working in tunneling once they
start. “They either run away or love it to death,” she said.
Comis has worked in remote and difficult locations, but
had realized early on she wanted a career that involved
travel. “I’ve been to Africa, India, Turkey. It is often
difficult; you have to be committed to sustaining the work.
Being on location is part of the deal; it’s a talent or skill
that you have to have in this industry,” she added.
Rispin said, “It can be tough on individuals,
relationships, families. At the same time, if you’re the
right people, you can make very good coin doing it and
live a great lifestyle. In a lot of cases for people who go to
remote and foreign places, the compensation is very good,
and a lot of R&R is built into the contract.”
Hiring
For Gall, the UCA Young Members lead, the difficulty
is finding the right people at the right time. This can range
from finding qualified or senior engineers to field staff.
Often, the firm finds qualified field staff internationally
to fulfill their staffing needs. They try and hire and train
engineers in what they need to do, because there is often a
gap in knowledge.
Traylor Bros. has a strong mentoring program, and
Roach feels this is instrumental in their hiring the right
people and keeping them on. “We try to get them early
with internships, keep them engaged, and give them a
reason to stay. We have a tremendous amount of training.
Even 15 years on, you have to keep all employees
engaged,” said Roach.
Gall feels the big design firms in New York City have a
leg up when it comes to recruiting. Some of this is because
they are so well known, similar to the case of a technical
person first thinking of working at Google or Apple. “A
lot of the young talent that we do attract is from overseas,”
said Gall, whose firm has hired from Southeast Asia, the
Middle East, Latin America and China, which he said does
help create a more diverse workforce.
In his experience, Gall said, “A lot of the times you
have people that come to the industry wanting to be a civil
engineer and then end up working on an underground
project because that’s the project they get assigned to
and that’s what creates their interest in the industry,
rather than them actually searching for a project in the
underground industry. To a certain degree, tunneling is a

Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 19

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Careers in tunneling offer a wide variety of challenges and benefits.
®

Conclusion
Rispin said, “I didn’t
know what I wanted to do
until probably the last year
of college. I was studying
mining engineering and
was leaning toward the
sales and marketing side
because of the fit with my
personality. After going
out and doing summer
jobs, I knew I didn’t want
an air-conditioned office. I
wanted to be on the road.
I wanted to see different
projects and get my hands
dirty. I never wanted
to do calculus again. I
wanted to do practical and
observational engineering,
and that’s how it worked
out for me.”
He added, “I think a
lot of young people don’t
small fish in a big pond,” said Gall. necessarily know what they want to do. Coming back
“If young students knew the advantages of going to a around full circle, we have an issue with making people
smaller firm, as opposed to a big firm, whether it’s on the aware of what kind of wonderful careers we can offer in
design side or the contractor side, they would jump on it,” our industry, but we also fight a battle to make it look
Roach said. “You go to work for them, and there’s 300 attractive against some of the other options that they may
cubicles of people in there and then you realize, that’s just be considering.”
their class of 2022, and you wonder, how am I going to Going back to his experience at Purdue, Rispin said,
make my mark in this environment?” “So many of these students are looking for internships. I
Gall said, “I love working with people who have wonder if there’s a way we can become more systematic
contractor and on-site backgrounds. In the end, the with that? I know there’s a lot of kids out there looking
physics is what it is, the rock, the structure behaves how for it, and if we get to them early, we can keep them
it does, and you learn that as a design engineer. But the engaged.”
logistics. The nitty gritty, that you don’t learn. Sometimes Gall said, “I don’t hear young people complaining too
things don’t go as planned, and you’ve got to make much. Most people who study civil engineering and are
some on-the-fly decisions on site. You can’t just sit on a working in our industry are relatively content. I don’t see
submittal for days because your shotcrete’s coming in and any issues there.”
you’ve got to use it, or you don’t use it…” As for the future of the industry, the International
He added, “You start on site and then you have an Tunneling Association’s last triannual report forecast
idea of how things happen on site. Then you move to the that global tunneling is going to grow at a 7 to 9 percent
back of the house, so you can actually understand what’s compound annual growth rate.
going on.” “My international colleagues and I feel that’s
For Roach, as far as retaining people in the industry, conservative. It’s in the double digits. The industry is very
“What we do as contractors really isn’t taught in colleges healthy. It’s growing. Society needs tunneling. It’s going
and universities. They don’t teach you how to build to need more tunneling, and in order to do that, you’ve
tunnels. You can get a course here and there on general got technology, but you’re still going to need more people.
tunneling techniques, but to get into it, to get into the This number is also looking really good domestically as
weeds, it’s just not there. So what we have to do is we well,” said Rispin.
have to teach these students what we do and how we Roach predicts the same. “Last year, the Tunneling
do it. And what we’re looking for in new graduates is Association of Canada reached out and was inviting U.S.
people who have the basic tools in their toolbox, civil, contractors to come up to their annual meeting because
mechanical, electrical engineering degrees, and from they have so much work to build up there and not enough
there we know we have to teach them what we do and Canadian contractors to do the work. They’re going to
how we do it.” need outside contractors to come in.” n

20 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

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Feature Article 2
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Long-distance tunneling;
Challenges and trends of large projects in Europe
FIG. 1

M
echanized tunnel
construction BBT - Overview of the TBM tunneling lots.
has enormous
potential to drive
innovative developments
and technologies in
underground mining in
the future. One factor is
the steadily increasing
need for mobility around
the world, and the trend
toward urbanization that
makes it necessary to
move more infrastructure
underground and to
connect the surrounding
regions with central points
and cities, and to create
corridors of connectivity.
On the basis of highly
specialized solutions,
know-how and value-
creating interaction between humankind and technology, tunnel (internal diameter, ID = 8.1 m or 26 ft) with
technological progress in the planning, construction and a service and drainage gallery (ID = 5 m or 16 ft) in
implementation of modern infrastructure in varied and between that is about 12 m (40 ft) below the main tunnel
difficult terrain is constantly striving for new records. New tubes over its entire length. The service gallery enables
tunneling length records are set with mega infrastructures ground improvement measures to be carried out for the
such as the railway projects Gotthard Base Tunnel, Brenner construction of the main tunnels and reduces the extent
Base Tunnel and the High Speed Two railway systems of preexploration measures from the main tunnel tubes.
currently under construction in Europe. These are corridors The rail link, connecting the countries of Austria and Italy,
of connectivity and transnational supply chains that reshape follows the highest safety standards for tunnels with the
our social and physical worlds toward a borderless world. main tubes linked every 333 m (1,100 ft). In emergencies,
Numerous ambitious, long-distance tunnel drives are in the these cross passages will be used as escape routes.
planning and implementation phases. This article focuses on Construction of the transnational century project
challenges, current trends and innovations in mechanized started in 2007. More than 75 km (46 miles) are being
tunneling, with exemplary projects that represent a built using a total of four tunnel boring machines (TBMs)
multitude of specific geological and hydrogeological designed and manufactured by Herrenknecht in Germany.
challenges at the highest level, and with regard to safety of One gripper TBM with a diameter of 7.91 m (26 ft)
operation. has been excavating the exploratory tunnel from Austrian
Ahrental toward the Italian border in predicted loose to
Long-distance tunneling projects friable rock mass with squeezing rock zones. The gripper
Brenner Base Tunnel. The Brenner Base Tunnel (BBT) TBM started tunneling on Sept. 26, 2015 and excavated
with a total length of 64 km (40 miles) will be another
“project of a century” and the longest railway tunnel in the
world since the 57-km (35-mile)-long twin tube Gotthard
Base Tunnel (rail connection between Switzerland and Karin Bäppler
Italy) that was commissioned in 2017.
The BBT will be the centerpiece of the Scandinavian- Karin Bäppler, member UCA, is head of business
Mediterranean TEN-T Corridor from Helsinki (Finland) development, traffic tunnelling, Herrenknecht AG,
to Valetta (Malta) and will contribute to sustainable email Baeppler.karin@herrenknecht.de.
transnational mobility. It is a twin-tube single-track rail

Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 21

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®

FIG. 2
Exploratory tunnel Tulfes-Pfons, gripper TBM, and rock support due to prevailing convergence.

about 16.7 km (10.3 miles) southward toward Italy, other complex projects in the Alps such as the Lötschberg
completing its work on July 6, 2019. In solid rock, the rail tunnel with a bored tunneling length of 20 km (12
gripper TBM performed with daily top performances of miles) and Gotthard Base tunnel with a total of 85 km (52
61 m (200 ft) and monthly performances of 825 m (2,706 miles) of bored tunnel length. New in the evolutionary
ft), while regular weekly performances of around 200 stage of this technology were systems such as the disc cutter
m (650 ft) were standard over many months. Extremely rotation monitoring (DCRM) that helped to optimize tool
difficult rock formations with highly squeezing and swelling maintenance intervals and thus improvements in tunneling
rock conditions with extensive invert heave along with in terms of performance, safety and quality.
encountering fault zones, sometimes with large-volume For the excavation of the 48-km (30-mile) main tunnel
rock collapses, were some of the challenges along the tubes of the BBT, two large-diameter double-shield TBMs
exploratory tunnel section. The TBM advance rates were (Ø10.65 m or 35 ft ) were employed. One smaller diameter
determined in these conditions largely by the high degree double-shield TBM (Ø6.82 m or 22.3 ft) excavated an
of rock support required in the L1 and L2 area of the additional section of the exploratory (and later drainage
gripper TBM. In the L1 area directly behind the gripper and maintenance) tunnel over a length of 14 km (8.7
TBM anchors and steel mesh were standard except in miles). The three double shields were applied to excavate
extremely difficult rock formations that required shotcrete and line part of the Italian construction lot “Mauls 2-3.”
and 360° TH arches as initial rock support that were TBM supply for the mechanized tunneling lot of Mauls
replaced with U-profiles in the course of further advances. 2-3 is supported by train and mucking out by tunnel belt.
The shotcrete equipment in the L2 area was used regularly In March 2021, a new record was set by one of the double-
and required greater availability. The applied gripper TBM shield TBMs (Ø10.65 m) that tunneled a section of 14
technology for that exploratory tunnel section was proven km (8.7 miles) in geology that is mainly characterized by
technology and was already successfully used in numerous Bünder schist with locally unstable tunnel face conditions.
The TBM is operated by the contracting joint
FIG. 3 venture BTC S.c.a.r.l. (Astaldi S.p.A., Ghella S.p.A,
P.A.C. S.p.A. and Cogeis S.p.A). The team achieved
High Speed Two railway line. Overview of alignments, phase one. performances of up to 860 m (2,821 ft) in one month
with an average daily advance rate of 27.7 m (90.1
ft) and peak performances of up to 36.75 m/d (120.5
ftpd).

High Speed Two (HS2). High Speed Two (HS2)

is a new national high-speed rail network north of
London currently under construction in the United
Kingdom. The new railway line will address the
rising demand for intercity journeys, commuting and
freight rail transport. Phase one of HS2 is currently
under construction and will run between London
and Birmingham. Phase one comprises more than
100 km (62 miles) of tunneling. It is built to ease
congestion on the West Coast Main Line. Phase
two of the new high-speed rail line will focus on
the connections further north, from Birmingham to
Manchester and Leeds.
Phase one comprises six twin running tunnels

22 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

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with inner diameters of 8.8 m (29 ft) spaced approximately
20 m (65 ft) apart (center line to center line). Tunnel
sections were introduced to improve the environmental
impact and were thus defined beneath built-up areas where
disruption at the surface would be severe. The tunnels
connect to portal structures at either end and are connected
along their lengths by cross-passages and ventilation shafts.
The route alignment of Phase one comprises long tunneling
sections such as the twin-bore Chiltern Tunnel that extends
over a length of approximately 16 km (10 miles) and is thus
one of the longer tunneling sections along the route. Two
variable-density TBMs (Ø10.24 m or 33.6 ft) are being used
to excavate the twin tunnels that are mainly driven through
firm to hard chalk. Locally very high permeability in chalk
and the likelihood of karst formation were predicted as well
as the presence of minor layers of marl and nodular flint.
The design and construction work for the Chiltern
Tunnel was contracted to the Align Joint Venture (JV) of
Bouygues Travaux Publics, S.A.S, Sir Robert McAlpine
Ltd. and Volkerfitzpatrick Ltd. The JV decided to use
variable-density TBMs with hydraulic mucking instead
of a mixshield or earth pressure balance (EPB) TBM
to deal with the variable and locally highly permeable
chalks along the 16-km (10-mile)-long tunnel sections
and with hydrostatic pressures of up to 5 bar at TBM
axis. It is considered that the chosen variable density
technology has less impact on the nearby potable water
stratum as less slurry flow to the face is required than with
a standard slurry or mixshield TBM. This will reduce the
risk of losing slurry in the highly fractured chalk that could
possibly pollute drinking water wells. The 10.24-m (33.6-
ft) diameter variable-density TBMs used for the Chiltern
Tunnel are designed with only one muck transportation
system in the tunnel, with a slurry circuit that functions
in the corresponding closed operating mode. The muck is
extracted from the pressurized excavation chamber by a
20-m (65.6-ft) long screw conveyor. At the discharge end of
the screw conveyor, the excavated soil is transported into
a slurryfier box where the muck is liquefied. The slurryfier
box is fitted with a rotary sizer that can deal with the
predicted flint nodules and processes the material to a size
suitable for hydraulic mucking through the slurry circuit.
An additional two variable-density TBMs are used by
the Balfour Beatty Vinci Joint Venture for the northern
tunnel sections closer to Birmingham, the N1 Long
Itchington Wood Tunnel (TBM-Ø 9.92 m or 32.5 ft) and the
Bromford Tunnels (TBM-Ø 8.56 m or 28 ft). The N1 Long
Itchington Wood Tunnel is a twin bore (ID = 8.8 m or 28.8
ft) of 1.58 km (1 mile) in length and the Bromford Tunnels
(ID = 7.55 m or 24.7 ft) comprise twin bores of 5.7 km
(3.5 miles) in length. Both tunnel sections are being built
in Mercia mudstone. In its unweathered state, the Mercia
mudstone may be described as an intact, jointed, weak rock,
whereas in its fully weathered state, it is a reddish-brown,
very soft to hard silty clay, but frequently containing less
weathered mud-rock clasts.
The specific added value of variable density TBM
FIG. 4
®
Chiltern Tunnel, variable density TBMs (Ø10.24 m) with
hydraulic mucking.
application for these tunnel sections had been based on the
predicted geological conditions, environmental sensitivity
around the tunnel and muck-out management. The variable
density TBM technology shows the advantages regarding
the excavation through soils of different behavior in respect
to face-pressure control, especially in areas where ground
cover is limited, or in areas where the TBM passes beneath
or close to sensitive assets and residential properties. The
technology also shows advantages regarding achievable
performances in ground conditions with high fines
content, and shows an added value with regard to muck
management. Hydraulic mucking out of the excavated
material and related slurry treatment plant enables,
through the filter press process, cakes with a reduced
moisture content. Muck treatment with a high percentage
of lime addition in urban environments can thus be avoided
and reduces transportation due to limited weight by about
10 percent with better opportunities to reuse excavated
muck for landscape fill.
The tunnel sections for Lot S2 Northolt Tunnels
comprise twin tunnels (ID = 8.8 m or 28.8 ft) of about 8
km (5 miles). This contract was awarded to the Skanska
Costain Strabag JV that will use two EPB TBMs with
a shield diameter of 9.82 m (32.3 ft). The subsurface
conditions along the tunnel sections comprise clay of the
Lambeth Group and mixed face conditions with chalk
containing flints. Hydrostatic pressures of up to 5.5 bar at
tunnel invert will be faced. Another EPB shield (Ø7.08 m
or 23.2 ft) is applied to the 850-m (2,770-ft)-long section of
lot S1 Atlas RLT.
As most of the defined tunneling sections within phase
one of HS2 are characterized by long tunneling drives,
innovative systems such as partially or fully automated
subsystems in the TBM supply chain were designed that
support the TBM supply logistics. The Chiltern TBMs,
for example, are designed to operate in a semicontinuous
advance mode. The tunnel lining for Chiltern comprises 2-m
(20-ft)-long segment rings, and the TBM is equipped with
Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 23
FIG. 5
tuc &
Assisted segment ring building.
14 thrust cylinders pairs. All pairs have a stroke of 3,200
mm (125 in.) and are equipped with stroke measurement
systems. In semicontinuous advance mode, the excavation
cycle starts with excavation in standard mode for 1,200 mm
(47 in.), allowing a 400 mm (15.7 in.) clearance to insert
the two first segments while the machine is stopped. Then
the excavation continues in semicontinuous mode with
the operator setting the advance speed. The thrust force is
thereby regulated by the programmable logic controller.
The Northolt TBMs are designed with innovative
packages such as fully automatic segment transfer and
assisted segment ring building. The fully automatic segment
transfer, for example, starts with the pickup of the first
segment stack by the segment stack transfer wagon from
the quick unloading system and ends at the position where
the erector picks up the first segment from the segment
feeder. The automatic segment transfer system includes
a segment scan system that can evaluate, with the help of
artificial intelligence, possible defects to the segments such
as spallings on segment edges or missing dowels or defects
to the segment gaskets. This information is visualized in the
control cabin.
The benefits of such a fully automatic process are
improvements in safety and quality and a more economical
operation with savings in personnel costs and time.
In countries with high labor costs, such technological
innovations gain more in importance. The assisted ring
building system is another major advantage with respect to
safety. This assistance system consists of segment picking
and segment positioning that support the erector driver
placing the segments in their correct positions. Live camera
pictures help to assist the erector operator during picking
up the segment, and sensors support the operator while
placing the segment in its correct position.
Santa Lucia Tunnel. The Santa Lucia project is a
7.5-km (4.6-mile)-long twin-tube highway tunnel north
of Florence in Italy. Apart from long tunneling drives,
the project is also unique due to the TBM size applied
for this highway section between Bologna and Florence
crossing the Apennine mountains. The twin tunnels each
carry three traffic lanes with a width of 3.75 m (12 ft) and
24 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
®
two 0.7-m (2.3-ft) wide side-strips. With
a diameter of 15.87 m (52 ft) the EPB
TBM is Europe’s largest TBM, and in
combination with long tunnel sections, the
project was an unprecedented logistical and
technical challenge that was successfully
mastered within less than three years.
Extraordinary challenges in addition to
the tunneling length and machine diameter
also include project specifically defined
ground conditioning limitations, alternating
geology with sedimentary rock mass and
slope deposits, and gassy soil conditions
(radon, carbon dioxide and methane). This
demanded a specific TBM solution affecting,
for example, the design of the shield structure, main bearing
and its seal system, thrust forces, mucking and equipment
for interventions. The applied EPB TBM was designed for
6 bars. The tunnel has an inner diameter of 14.3 m (47 ft)
and consists of a segmental lining with an outer diameter of
15.4 m (50.5 ft). The precast reinforced concrete rings of 2.2
m (7.2 ft) in length are 550 mm (20 in.) thick and are fitted
with gaskets to guarantee watertightness.
The EPB TBM had to cope with sections characterized
by instable tunnel face conditions, sections with potential
gas presence in the rock mass and fault, fractured and/or
transition zones with locally low cover. The overburden
along the tunnel alignment was characterized by mainly a
cover of more than 48 m (158 ft) with up to 270 m (886 ft)
as a maximum. In these conditions, the EPB operated in
closed mode with the excavation chamber completely filled
with excavated and conditioned material to actively support
the tunnel face and to avoid possible explosion hazards in
the gassy ground conditions. The 130-m (426-ft)-long TBM
was designed with a nominal thrust force of 314,218 kN. A
total of 25 electric motors generated a maximum torque of
123,000 kNm. The cutting wheel rotated at speeds of up to
two revolutions per minute. It was fitted with 78 face and
gauge 500 mm (19-in.) single disc cutters, six double discs in
the center, 156 soft ground tools and 16 buckets.
A special TBM design feature to counteract the
potential risk of gases and thus explosions was a special
double-walled enclosure of the 70-m (230-ft)-long conveyor
belt that was permanently ventilated. This double-walled
structure included the section from the screw conveyor
discharge gate to a transverse conveyor belt on the TBM
backup. Possible gas emission was avoided by keeping
this double-shell structure in overpressure. This was
supplemented by the continuous supply of large quantities
of fresh air that would dilute any gas presence within this
encapsulated system before reaching the transfer belt
conveyor and the loading chute to the tunnel belt. All the
equipment in that area is fully explosion proof, and the air
quality and the tightness of the systems are permanently
monitored. The system comprised an elaborate gas
detection, alert and shutdown scheme that was developed
by Herrenknecht to meet specific regulations and to
 tuc
FIG. 5
&
Encapsulated conveyor belt to avoid gas emission.
ensure the safety of personnel on the TBM and
behind it at any time. Depending on the sensor
position, the equipment reacted with different
sensitivity. For example, the detection of a low
methane concentration of 10 percent of the
lower explosive limit (LEL), would not cause
an advance stop if detected in the belt conveyor
enclosure. On the other hand, if detected outside
this channel, an immediate shutdown would have
been triggered. The TBM also had a duplicated
ventilation system installed that circulated fresh
and clean air supplied by two air ducts installed
from the portal. They worked independently
of each other and guaranteed the supply of
fresh air to the TBM. Key information from
the ventilation and gas monitoring systems was
transmitted to the control cabin along with the
other current tunneling parameters so that the
TBM operator could monitor the data on the
display screens and could take corrective action
if needed.
Rubber-tired multiservice vehicles are used for the
tunnel supply logistics that carry one complete tunnel ring.
The 2.2 m (7.2 ft) long precast reinforced concrete rings
(9+0 elements) have a weight of 123 t (135.7 st).
The EPB TBM for the Galleria Santa Lucia highway
tunnel project was designed and manufactured by
Herrenknecht in Germany. After a one-year predesign
and manufacturing period, the TBM was accepted in
August, 2016 at the manufacturer’s factory in Germany.
The company Pavimental S.p.A started excavation in
early May 2017. It took less than three years to construct
the 7.5-km (4.6-mile)-long twin tubes. The tunneling team
achieved an overall average performance of five rings per
day, respectively 11 m/d (36 ftpd). A best daily performance
of 10 rings or 22 m (72 ft) was achieved with a best weekly
performance of 55 rings (121 m or 397 ft). The overall
project duration was impacted by numerous factors. This
comprised regular planned maintenance stops for cutting
wheel and tailskin refurbishments due to abrasive geology
and long tunnel drives, logistics impacts, probe drilling
for geological exploration, and jobsite closures. During
the COVID-19 pandemic, the project region was heavily
hit between March 2020 until the TBM breakthrough on
June 8, 2020 that made it also necessary to close down the
jobsite for a period of time. Nevertheless, the project was
successfully completed safely and in time with the EPB
TBM that mastered challenges such as a very large TBM
diameter, long-distance tunneling, permanently variable
geological conditions, cover, abrasiveness and gas potential.
Conclusion
The mega infrastructure projects highlighted in this
article are all comprised of long tunneling sections. The
projects are remarkable corridors of connectivity and
differ in terms of their complexity, risk sensitivity and
requirements. This, in combination with the tunneling
25 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
®
lengths, sets an impulse in the technological development
to construct corridors, respectively foundations of
social mobility and economic resilience with the help of
mechanized tunneling technology.
Long tunneling drives demand resilient equipment
to construct the infrastructure. All mentioned projects
involve TBM technology that has already proven its
reliability and dependability in a multitude of complex
projects worldwide. When supporting projects of this
kind with particularly long tunneling drive challenges
such as uncertainties in ground conditions, rock burst and
squeezing phenomena, gassy soil or rock conditions are
common and demand robustness and durability of applied
technology and the logistics of the supply chain. This, in
combination with an experienced tunneling team, is the key
to project success.
Part of the evolutionary stage of mechanized
technology and with the focus on long tunneling drives
is the trend to have systems on board of the machines
that help to optimize tool maintenance intervals. The
DCRM and DCLM systems provide information to help
with assessments about the nature of the tunnel face.
This in combination with camera systems in future real-
time preliminary exploration will be possible. Innovative
packages such as semicontinuous operation, automatic
segment transfer and assisted segment ring building
complement innovative developments and trends and
support to increase safety of workers and work processes,
but they also positively impact performance rates, quality
and on more economical operations, assist with savings in
personnel costs and time. n
References
Bäppler, Flora, Brenner Base Tunnel – challenges of gripper TBM applica-
tion for the 15km long exploratory tunnel Ahrental in challenging rock mass,
Tunnels and Underground Cities, Engineering and Innovation meet Archae-
ology, Architecture and Art – Peila, Viggiani Celestino (Eds), pp. 3525-3530
Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 25
 tuc &
Feature Article 3
®

Fox Conference returns to New York City

with record attendance
by William Gleason, Editor
Fox Conference chairman Robert Palermo and FTA Ad-

I
n November 2021, President Joe Biden signed the ministrator Nuria Fernandez.
bipartisan $1 trillion infrastructure bill into law. The
bill was written with the intention of rebuilding and
improving the nation’s roads, bridges, highways, tunnels and
internet access.
Shortly after it was signed into law U.S. Transportation
Secretary Pete Buttigieg called it “the most significant
investment in jobs and infrastructure in my lifetime,” saying
the bill will “rebuild and replace infrastructure that is
decades, or even a century, old.”
On Tuesday, May 10, Federal Transit Administrator
Nuria Fernandez spoke to more than 380 tunneling and
underground construction professionals during the George
A. Fox Conference at the New York Hilton Midtown.
Fernandez, the 15th FTA administrator, spoke about the
legislation that she said will make $73 billion available for
tunnel construction in the United States.
“The signing of the bipartisan infrastructure law was
historic and necessary,” said Fernandez. “With the funding
from this law we want to build and connect communities and
that is what you do — your industry connects communities.”
The funding available from the bill for the construction
of transit and water tunnels is enough to pay off eight
current projects and put another seven in the pipeline,
said Fernandez. Of particular interest is the $13 billion
Hudson Tunnel Project that will build two new tunnels and
rehabilitate the exiting 111-year-old tunnels connecting New
York and New Jersey. In March, the project completed the
geotechnical investigation work, a necessary part of entering
the engineering phase of the $5.6 billion Federal Transit Henn, both of whom died in early 2022. Palermo said they
Administration Capital Investment Grant (CIG) it is seeking were giants in the industry (see pages 28 and 29).
for the Hudson Tunnel Project. The one-day conference included sessions focused
The infrastructure legislation includes at least $12.3 on the challenges of rethinking and recalibration of the
billion for New Jersey’s roads, bridges and transit, which design-build process; a tunnel industry update and a panel
would include billions of dollars that can be tapped to build focused on workforce sustainability in addition to a number
the Gateway Tunnel under the Hudson River. of presentations about tunneling projects. The projects
During her presentation, Fernandez assured the discussed included the Catskill Aqueduct construction;
audience that the Biden administration supports the Crossings under the Hudson River; Amtrak Northeast
tunneling industry and is “working very closely with the corridor tunnel and station projects, I-64 Hampton Roads
Hudson Tunnel project sponsors.” bridge tunnel expansion and Bergen Point Outfall.
Fernandez, who was previously general manager The conference, held for the first time at the Hilton
and chief executive officer of the Santa Clara Valley Midtown, included a special session on the history of the
Transportation Authority (VTA) said future projects will be conference and the man it was named for, George A. Fox,
considered with the people they will serve at top of mind. who was president of Grow Tunneling and had a 50-year
“We support the work you do, and we are committed to career in tunneling in the New York City area. He played
your innovations, designs and thoughts,” said Fernandez. “We key roles in the construction of 70 major public works
want to make sure what we are building will be sustainable, projects valued at $61 billion. Lonnie Jacobs interviewed
will connect communities and serve those communities, and David Goodman of Grow Tunneling in a video remembrance
will be there for centuries to come.” of Fox.
The George A. Fox Conference celebrated its 20th The conference included an interesting talk about the
anniversary; however, it opened with chair Robert Palermo history of crossing under the Hudson River from Angus
asking for a moment of silence to honor two of the Gillespie, author of Crossing Under the Hudson: The story of
conference’s founding members, Edward Plotkin and Ray the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels. n

26 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

 A New Website for a
New Generation of
Underground Engineers

Down for That encourages engineering students to pursue a career in

underground construction and tunneling by providing students and professors
with introductory industry information including:
• Resource Library
• Tunnel Tours
• Industry Profiles
• Presentations Together we’ll grow the underground workforce.
• Case Studies
Share the excitement and reward of a career underground.
undergroundcareers.org
 tuc
&
UCA News
®

Dr. Raymond W. Henn

An appreciation by William Warfield
Ray Henn was born Feb. 8, 1949,
in Brooklyn, NY. He passed away sud-
denly in Centennial, CO on March 28,
2022.
One measure of a man can be
determined by the honors and rec-
ognition bestowed upon him by his
peers, which were many in Henn’s
case (president of the American Un-
derground Association 2002-2004, a
Distinguished Member of the SME,
the Moles and the Beavers), and he
was the author of more than two
dozen professional papers and three
American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE) textbooks. However, the
things that you won’t learn about
Henn from his published obituary are
what many don’t know about his early
family history. He dropped out of
Alexander Hamilton High School in
Brooklyn at the age of 17 to join the
U.S. Army in 1967 where he served
with the Green Berets for two years
in Vietnam.
One of Henn’s passions in life was
education, and he earned his GED
while serving in the military. Upon re-
turning home, he attended New York
City Community College and earned
a degree in geology from Queens Col-
lege of the City University of New
York. In 1973 he married Patricia Ann
Donegan.
While working for Stone & Web-
ster in Oswego, NY, Henn earned his
master’s degree from State University
of New York in association with Syra-
cuse University.
After the completion of the Ray-
stown Hydro Project, Henn was trans-
ferred to Centennial, CO. Though he
left New York behind him, he main-
tained the humor and speech common
to that area. He continued with his
education and received a PhD. from
the Colorado School of Mines (CSM),
Mining and Earth Systems Engineer-
ing. He wanted to give back and was
proud of the fact that he was an ad-
junct professor in the mining depart-
ment at CSM. He established the first
student chapter of the UCA of SME
at CSM and served as the faculty ad-
visor for eight years. He was a mentor
to many students.
Henn was also instrumental in es- Dr. Raymond W. Henn
tablishing numerous short courses and
being involved in others. He was an and the West. If you visited Henn at his
industry expert in the field of grouting home, the first thing you had to do was
and underground construction, having visit his museum in the basement.
authored the three ASCE textbooks. Henn was a unique individual, a
While working for Haley & Aldrich, resident of Colorado for more than
Lyman Henn and later Brierley Associ- 35 years but always had some New
ates, he found time to be involved with York in him. He remained friends
the American Underground Associa- with many students after their gradu-
tion (AUA), where he served as presi- ations. Though he died at 73, he still
dent from 2002 to 2004. The AUA later had many things yet to accomplish.
became the UCA of SME. He leaves behind his wife of 48 years,
Another of his passions was col- Patricia, son Daniel and granddaugh-
lecting antique equipment from the ter Morgan. He was preceded in death
mining/tunneling industry of Colorado by his son, Patrick. n

ITA Tunnelling Awards nominations open

S
ince 2015, the international
competition “the ITA Tunnel-
ling and Underground Space
Awards” seeks and rewards the most
groundbreaking innovation and out-
standing projects in tunneling and
underground construction.
Through eight categories, this
competition aims to identify the most
important ongoing underground
works and technologies that help
cities change and enable habits and
ways of life to evolve in order to build
smart and sustainable urban areas.
Nominations can be submitted
for the following categories and must
contain projects for which the major
civil engineering work was com-
pleted between March 1, 2019 and
April 1, 2022. The Young Tunneller
of the Year rewards an individual
born after Jan. 1, 1986 and who has
brought an outstanding contribution
to tunneling.
ITA Awards 2022 categories:
• Major Project of the Year
(more than €500 million).
• Project of the Year (between
€50 million and €500 million).
• Project of the Year (up to €50
million) including renovation.
• Technical Innovation of the
Year.
• Beyond Engineering – Making
underground works projects
even better.
• Product/Equipment Innova-
tion of the Year.
• Innovative Underground
Spaces.
• Young Tunneller of the Year. n

28 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction


Edward Sheldon Plotkin
Edward Sheldon Plotkin passed
away on April 21, 2022 in Silver
Spring, MD at the age of 89. Ed, as
he was commonly known, was born
on Oct. 11, 1932 in the Bronx, NY
to his parents Samuel and Anna. He
lived most of his adult life in Dobbs
Ferry, NY. He was married to Fran-
ces Plotkin for the last 30 years, after
his wife and mother of his children,
Pearlene Plotkin, passed away.
Plotkin obtained his bachelor of
civil engineering in 1953 from City
College of New York (CCNY). After
serving in the U.S. Army from 1954
to 1956 he earned his master of civil
engineering in 1958 from CCNY, and
an M.B.A. in engineering manage-
ment in 1966 from the City Univer-
sity of New York (CUNY) Baruch
School of Business. He was awarded
an honorary doctor of science in
2019 by CCNY for his engineering
contributions to the city of New
York.
Plotkin was the recipient of many
honors, including Construction En-
gineer of the Year in 1986; the En-
gineer of the Year Award in 1991 by
the NSPE Westchester Section; and
the Engineer of the Year Award by
the Municipal Engineers of the City
of New York in 1998. The UCA of
SME awarded Plotkin the 2010 Life-
time Achievement Award. CCNY
awarded him with the Alumni As-
sociation Service Award. He was fur-
ther honored in 2011 by CCNY with
the Townsend Harris Medal that rec-
ognizes excellence in postgraduate
achievement.
Plotkin worked in many facets
of heavy construction and tunneling.
Employed with a heavy construction
contractor, he was vice president of
the tunneling firm Maclean Grove.
He was project manager for the 63rd
Street Cross-town Subway section
near Central Park in New York City;
two cavern stations on the Washing-
ton, D.C. Metro; a station cavern on
the Boston subway; and completion
of a section of the 13 miles of the
New York City Department of En-
vironmental Protection City Water
Tunnel No. 3 between the Yonkers
tuc&
UCA News
®
reservoir and the Queens connecting
shaft passing under three New York
City boroughs and two rivers.
As a designer, he was assistant
director with engineering consultant
firm DeLeuw Cather (now Parsons
Transportation) for the 1970s plans
for the 2nd Avenue Subway, and was
later a consultant with the design
team for the present 2nd Avenue
Subway project. He served as co-
chair, NYSSPE Task Force, Tappan
Zee Bridge replacement study, from
2002 to 2012.
In government, he was Westches-
ter County’s Commissioner of Public
Works for four years in the 1990s
and was chair of the Planning Board
in the Village of Dobbs Ferry for 50
years, actively reviewing, planning
and approving land development
and conservation projects.
Plotkin was still actively consult-
ing on constructability issues, peer
review, mediation and dispute board
reviews.
He was a professional engineer
registered in New York, New Jersey,
Connecticut, Washington, D.C., and
Massachusetts. He was a member of
many professional organizations, in-
cluding: the Municipal Engineers of
the City of New York and the New
York State Society of Professional
Engineers (NYSSPE, Westchester
Chapter), both of which he served as
president; the American Society of
Civil Engineers (ASCE), of which he
was a fellow (he served as a director
of the metropolitan section and chair
of the geotechnical group); direc-
tor in the Westchester Municipal
Planning Federation; a member and
past trustee of The Moles. Plotkin
was also affiliated with UCA; the
International Tunneling Associa-
tion, where he served as their UN
NGO representative; the Society of
American Military Engineers and
the New York State Highway Super-
intendents Association (President’s
Committee). He was chair of the
Westchester County Professional
Prequalification Board, appointed by
the County Executive and approved
by the County Board of Legislators.
Tunneling  &  Underground Construction
Edward Sheldon Plotkin
In academia, Plotkin was an
adjunct professor, taught physics at
Manhattan College and environ-
mental science at Mercy College. He
has lectured on public works and
urban construction at Pace Univer-
sity, NYU Real Estate School and
University of Detroit. He is a past
president of the CCNY Engineering
School Alumni Board, and was an
active member of the Civil Engineer-
ing Advisory Group (CEAG) of
the CCNY Alumni, which organizes
professional forums and field trips
to construction sites for current stu-
dents. For 12 years, he also taught en-
vironmental science college courses
to incarcerated men and women at
the NYS Sing Sing and Bedford Cor-
rectional Facilities in Westchester.
Plotkin is survived by his wife,
Frances Plotkin, his brother Herman
Plotkin, his children Robert Plotkin
(Lisa Olsson), David Plotkin, step-
children Terri Rosenblatt and Bernie
Rosenblatt (Jean) and his grand-
children Emily Plotkin (Robert and
Lisa) and Ian Lopez (Lisa) and step-
grandchildren Megan Rosenblatt
and Mathew Rosenblatt (Bernie and
Jean).
He was predeceased by his first
wife Pearlene Plotkin and his eldest
brother Maurice Plotkin. n
JUNE 2022 29
 tucForecast
&
®
Tunnel Demand

COMPILED BY JONATHAN KLUG, DAVID R. KLUG & ASSOCIATES

TUNNEL NAME OWNER LOCATION STATE TUNNEL LENGTH WIDTH BID

USE (FEET) (FEET) YEAR STATUS

Gateway Tunnel Amtrak Newark/NYC NJ/NY Subway 14,600 24.5 2023 Under design
2nd Ave. Phase 2 NYC-MTA New York NY Subway 16,000 20 2023 Under design
2nd Ave. Phase 3-4 NYC-MTA New York NY Subway 89,600 20 2024-29 Under study
Kensico-Eastview NYC-DEP New York NY Water 11,000 27 2024 Under study
Connection Tunnel
Flushing Bay CSO NYC_DEP New York NY CSO 16,500 22 2026 Under study
Cross Harbor Freight NYC Reg. Develop. New York NY Rail 25,000 30 2025 Under study
Tunnel Authority
Metro Tunnel Boston MRWA Boston MA Water 23,760 10 2027 Under study
Program - Northern
Metro Tunnel Boston MRWA Boston MA CSO 50,160 10 2028 Under study
Program - Southern
Silver Line Extension Boston Transit Boston MA Subway 8,400 22 2024 Under design
Authority
Narragansett Bay Narragansett Bay
CSO Phase III - Commission Providence RI CSO 8,800 10 2024 Under design
Conveyance Tunnel
Amtrak B&P Tunnel Amtrak Baltimore MD Rail 40,000 32 2023 Awaiting
funding
Ellicott City North Howard County Ellicott City MD CSO 5,800 15 2022 Under design
Tunnel
Potomac River CSO DC Water and Sewer Washington DC CSO 24,000 18 2022 RFQ 1Q 2022
Tunnel Authority
Superconducting TNEM/BWRR Washington DC Rail 146,520 43 2023 Under design
Maglev Project -
Northeast Corridor
Alum Creek Relief City of Columbus Columbus OH Sewer
Tunnel Phase 1 30,000 18 2023 Under design
Phase 2 21,000 14 2024 Under design
Southerly Storage NEORSD Cleveland OH CSO 18,000 23 2023 Under design
Tunnel
Big Creek Storage NEORSD Cleveland OH CSO 22.450 20 2026 Under design

Northside Interceptor City of Akron Akron OH CSO 6,850 24 2025 Under design
Tunnel
ALCOSAN CSO Allegheny Co. Pittsburgh PA CSO
Ohio River Sanitary Authority 24,000 18 2023 Under design
Allegheny River 28,000 18 2027 Under design
Mononghahela River 28,000 18 2030 Under design
DELORCA DELORCA Chester PA CSO 45,500 13 2023 Under Design
Wastewater Tunnel
Enbridge Line 5 Enbridge Traverse City MI Oil 23,760 12 2023 RFP issued
Tunnel
Minneapolis Central City of Minneapolis Minneapolis MN CSO 4,200 10-19 2022 Final planning
City Parallel Tunnel
To have your major tunnel project added to the Tunnel Demand Forecast, or to update information on a listed project,
please contact Jonathan Klug at jklug@drklug.com.

30 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

 tucForecast
&
®
Tunnel Demand

TUNNEL LENGTH WIDTH BID

TUNNEL NAME OWNER LOCATION STATE STATUS
USE (FEET) (FEET) YEAR
Stormwater Control Harris Co. Flood Houston TX CSO 52,800 25-40 2022 Under design
Program Control District
Bushy Creek Phase 2 Bushy Creek Austin TX Water 8,780 12 2022 Thalle/SAK low
Water Delivery Regional Authority bidder
Project Connect City of Austin Austin TX Subway 8,500 20 2023 Under design
Subway Program
D2 Subway - 2nd Dallas Area Rapid Dallas TX Highway 7,230 22 2023 Under design
Light Rail Alignment Transit
Mill Creek Trunk City of Nashville Nashville TN CSO 13,800 10 2023 Under design
Improvements
I-70 Floyd Hill Colorado Dept. of Denver CO Highway 15,840 60x25 2022 Under design
Highway Tunnel Transportation
West Seattle to Sound Transit Seattle WA Transit 10,500 18 2024 Under design
Ballard Extension
LA Metro Speulvada Los Angeles MTA Los Angeles CA High/Trans. 55,500 60 2024 LOI received
Pass Corridor
Folsom Area Storm SFPUC San Francisco CA CSO 4,000 12 2022 Under design
Water Improvement
BART Silicon Valley Santa Clara Valley San Jose CA Subway 26,400 43 2022 Shortlisted
Phase 2 Tunnel Transit Authority
California Waterfix 1 Delta Conveyance Sacramento CA Water 39,905 28 2025+ Delayed
California Waterfix 2 Design and Const. 200,000 40 2025+ Delayed
Ontario Line North Toronto Transit Toronto ON Subway 29,500 20 2022 Under design
Extenstion Commission
Ontario Line South Toronto Transit Toronto ON Subway 29,500 20 2022 Shortlist announced
Extension Commissiton
Massey Creek Tunnel City of Toronto Toronto ON CSO 20,000 15 2022 Under design
Inner Harbour West City of Toronto Toronto ON CSO 18,400 19 2022 Under design
Yonge St. Extension Toronto Transit Toronto ON Subway 24,300 20 2022 Under design
Commission
West Vaughn Sewage York Region Toronto ON Sewer 36,000 10 2022 RFP Q3 2022
Servicing Project
Blue Line Extension Societe de transport Montreal QC Subway 19,000 33 2022 Under design
de Montreal
REM-S Project Societe de transport Montreal QC Subway 29,000 33 2022 Under design
de Montreal
Quebec City - Levis Quebec Quebec City QC Highway/ 27,230 60 2025 Under design
Tunnel Transportation Transit
Ministry
Green Line LRT City of Calgary Calgary AB Transit 8,500 40 2022 RFQ submitted
Nose Hill Project City of Calgary Calgary AB CSO 10,800 10 2023 Under design
Eagle Mt. Pipeline Fortic BC Woodfibre Vancouver BC Oil 29,500 13 2021 FKCI/Michels JV
awarded

Stanley Park Water City of Vancouver Vancouver BC Water 5,000 15 2022 Under design
Supply Tunnel

Tunneling  &  Underground Construction JUNE 2022 31

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.....................................Outside Back Cover

Staubli..........................................................13

Trinity Products ��������������������������������������������12

UCA House Ad - NAT .........Inside back Cover

UCA House Ad - RETC ������������������������������05

UCA House Ad - Cutting Edge................... 10

UCA House Ad - Membership ................... 02

GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS

YOU CAN BUILD ON
SUPPLYING MINING
OPERATIONS
tucmagazine.com

WORLD WIDE FOR

55 YEARS
• GROUT SYSTEMS
• MIXERS
• SHOT-CRETERS
• CONCRETE PUMPS

www.conmico.com TEL: 1(905) 660-7262

Advertising Hooper Jones Laura Lemos Darren Dunay Eberhard G. Heuser Patrick Connolly Gary Garvey
Information CENTRAL, NW U.S. EAST, SOUTH, WEST U.S. CANADA EUROPE UNITED KINGDOM INTERNATIONAL SALES

tuc
+1.847.486.1021
®
Cell: +1.847.903.1853
& hooperhja@aol.com
Cell: +1.973.668.2449 +1.201.781.6133 +49 1520.9269629 +44 1702.477341 +1.303.948.4243
Main: +1.973.822.9274 Cell: +1.201.873.0891 Fax: +49 202 2838126 Fax: +44 1702.177559 Fax: +1.303.973.3845
laura@boja.com sme@dunayassociates.com egh@heusermedia.com patco44uk@aol.com garvey@smenet.org

32 JUNE 2022 Tunneling  &  Underground Construction

 Guide
TShow
NA
AD INDEX
Antraquip.................................. 9
Brokk....................................... 11
Brookville................................. 12
CDM Smith.............................. 13
Crux Subsurface....................... 14
David R. Klug............................ 15
Derrick Equipment................... 17
Dr. Sauer.................................. 16
Drill Tech.................................. 18
DSI Underground..................... 19
Gall Zeidler.............................. 21
Hager-Richter.......................... 22
Herrenknecht...Inside Front Cover
HNTB....................................... 25
IWT.......................................... 27
J.H. Fletcher............................. 29
Jennmar................................... 31
Keller............ Outside Back Cover
Kelley Engineered Eq............... 23
MAPEI...................................... 33
McMillen Jacobs...................... 28
Michels Construction.............. 30
Miller Contracting.................... 35
Mining Equipment................... 32
Mueser Rutledge..................... 34
Naylor Pipe.............................. 36
Normet.................................... 37
NW Laborers-Employers.......... 39
Sandvik.................................... 41
SoilFreeze................................ 43
Strata Products........................ 45
Terratec..................................... 3
 HERRENKNECHT NORTH AMERICA

MODERN TUNNEL
SYSTEMS PAVE
THE FUTURE
With the enormous economic boom, the demand for efficient traffic and utility
infrastructures has increased dramatically. Here in North America, state-of-
the-art tunnel systems for metro, road, water, sewage, gas and power supply
are being built with proven and innovative Herrenknecht technology in a
variety of different ground conditions. Herrenknecht guarantees the local
support with their offices in Sumner, WA and Toronto, ON.
herrenknecht.com

Visit us at

NAT
in Philadelphia
booth #900

HAMPTON ROADS BRIDGE TUNNEL (HRBT)

Machine type: Variable Density TBM
Diameter: 13,990mm
Tunnel length: 2 × 2,440m

Owner:
Virgina Department of Transportation (VDOT)
Contractor:
Hampton Roads Connector Partners (Joint
Venture of Dragados USA, Vinci Construction
Grands Projets, Flatiron Constructors, Dodin
Campenon Bernard)
EXPLORE A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF THE
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
Contractors, engineers, vendors and owners converge at the North American
Tunneling Conference (NAT) to share solutions to complex problems.

TECHNICAL SESSIONS
The comprehensive technical program features four tracks focusing on leading developments
and issues that matter to you. Industry leaders share information about implementing best
practices, successfully navigating design issues, and planning for project risk.
• Case Histories Track
• Design Track
• Planning Track
• Technology Track

NETWORKING
After a day of sessions, be sure to spend time building relationships at NAT at conference
event favorites like:
• Owners Reception
• UCA Women in Tunneling Reception
• UCA Young Members Networking Event
• Mentoring Program

SHORT COURSES
NAT Short Courses take place Sunday, June 19 from 9:00 PM - 4:30 PM. Earn 7 PHD credits for
attending one of these short courses:
• Big Data in Tunneling
• Support of Excavation, Design and Performance. Approach to Efficient and Safe Design

Register to attend at natconference.com

SHORT COURSES

Big Data In Tunneling Support of Excavation, Design and Performance. Approach

Sunday, June 19, 2022 | 9:00 am - 4:30 pm | Salon A, Level 5
Member $400 | Nonmember $510
This one-day workshop will introduce how “Big Data Analytics” can be used
within the tunneling industry. Various technologies will be presented to
show how the collection, management, and analysis of data can be used
in the design, construction, construction management and operation of
underground projects. The presenters will showcase various case studies,
which will highlight the benefits and opportunities that can be achieved,
and attendees will gain an understanding of the various software and
equipment that is currently being used. The course is intended for anyone
interested in an introduction to the use of “Big Data,” and the course will
highlight benefits for Owners, Consultants and Contractors.
Part 1: Introduction to Big Data in Design Delivery
Showcasing how digital technologies such as BIM and the use of a
Common Data Environment integrate design work processes and connect
Owners, Engineers and Contractors working on the same project over its
lifespan from the planning and design stages through to tunnel operation
and maintenance.
to Efficient and Safe Design
Sunday, June 19, 2022 | 9:00 am - 4:30 pm | Salon B, Level 5
Member $400 | Nonmember $510
Safe and efficient open excavations are critical parts of underground
construction projects. Support of excavation (SOE) design impacts many
aspects of the project. Combining the technical aspects, practical consid-
erations, and meeting the project contractual requirements to achieve this
goal is not an easy task. This course provides a road map for choosing
and designing the appropriate SOE system that is right for your project. It
also provides design methodology and details with some examples. In ad-
dition, SOE performance is a critical part of the design to protect existing
structures, both above and underground. You will learn about optimizing
the SOE performance to protect exiting structures and meeting third-party
requirements. This course is a must for geotechnical and structural engi-
neers specializing in the design of underground construction projects.
Introduction to SOE SOE Design

Instructor: Jay Mezher, Mott MacDonald • Public safety • Identify project

• OHSA/Local regulations • Constraint/requirements
Part 2: Big Data in Geotechnical Interpretation and Tunnel Design
• Contractual requirements • Design philosophy
Describing how the plethora of geotechnical investigation data collected
during a projects planning and design stages can be effectively managed • Project requirements • Ground conditions evaluations
and presented by 3D geological models for use in tunnel design, reporting • Ground Conditions • Groundwater control
and procurement using tools such as Leapfrog.
• Soft ground • Design methodology
Instructor: Dafydd Chandler, Mott MacDonald
• Soil classification (OHA) • Design example
Part 3: Big Data in Instrumentation & Monitoring • Groundwater • Performance
Examining how technology can be used to monitor the performance of • Environmental considerations • Acceptable deformation
tunnel construction, this session will describe how software is used to
monitor TBM performance, ring build information and the interpretation of
Geotechnical Instrumentation data. Type of SOE Systems Protection of Structures/
Instructor: Rene Reichl, BabEng Conclusion
• Soldier piles/lagging
• Above ground structures
Part 4: Big Data in Construction • Sheetpiling
• Below ground structures
Showcasing how software applications allow Owners, Contractors and • Deep soil mixing
Construction Management teams to more efficiently collaborate on large • Acceptable movements
• Secant piles/tangent piles
tunnel projects. Various software applications will demonstrate how tasks • Conclusion
such as Document Control, Change Management, Field Inspection and • Diaphragm walls
Quality Control, can be streamlined. Instructors: Mohamed Younis,
• Soil nailing
Principal, Subsurface & Tunnel
Instructor: Paul Heslop, Mott MacDonald • Jet grouting Engineering LLC
Part 5: Big Data – Tying it All Together, What Can we Learn • Bracing Systems Collin Connor, Engineering Manager,
Describing how the myriad of data collected by Owners can be better used • Waler & struts Sunbelt Shoring Solutions
to improve future industry performance including how monitoring data can
• Rakers
be used for back analysis of numerical modelling work, to help to improve
the future project accuracy and requirements. • Tiebacks
Instructor: Youssef Hashash, University of Illinois • Deadman
• Modular systems
 ALWAYS
ADVANCING www.terratec.co

DELHI–GHAZIABAD-MEERUT RRTS PROJECT

TERRATEC has recently delivered three (3) new 7.51m diameter Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring
Machines (EPBMs) for India’s first Regional Rapid Transit System Project to connect Delhi-Ghaziabad-
Meerut.

TERRATEC’s continuing success on global projects is a result of tailor-made robust TBM design, prompt
onsite assistance, readily available stock of TBM spares and highly-skilled specialised TBM support
throughout tunnelling operations.

TUNNELLING SOLUTIONS RRTS

SPONSOR LISTING
GOLD
Lecet/Liuna
Hotel Keycard
The Laborers’ International Union of North America
(LIUNA) is a powerhouse of over a half-million united
workers who are proud to build the United States and
Canada. LIUNA recruits, screens, trains, and dispatch-
es skilled, safe, and productive tunnel workers who
can help you complete your next project on time and
on budget. From Sandhogs to Miners, Laborers have
been working safely and effectively underground for
more than a century. For more information on how
LIUNA can help, please visit www.liuna.org.   knecht is the only company worldwide to deliver
JENNMAR Civil
Wi-Fi
JENNMAR Civil is committed to supplying goods and
services to the Civil Construction and Tunneling indus-
tries. We have integrated JENNMAR mining products
into our civil, tunneling, and geotechnical services.
We manufacture products in over twenty strategically
located manufacturing facilities, ideally positioning us
to satisfy our clients’ industrial fabrication demands.
In addition, we have formed strategic alliances that
enable us to provide turn-key ground support solutions
in the civil and geo-tech industries. We offer Steel Tun-
nel Ribs, Shaft Rings, Steel Sets, Lattice Girders, Rock
Bolts, Liner Plate, Resin, Rail, Rail Ties, Rail Hardware,
Ventilation, Cementitious & Chemical Grouts.
Jacobs
Mobile App
At Jacobs, we’re challenging today to reinvent to-
morrow by solving the world’s most critical problems.
Jacobs brings extensive design and construction
management experience to all types of tunnel proj-
ects, and we have successfully delivered the design
of some of the most challenging recent design-build/
P3 tunnel projects in the U.S. With a talent force of
more than 55,000, Jacobs provides a full spectrum of
professional services including consulting, technical,
scientific and project delivery for the government and
private sector.
4 2022 NAT ShowGuideR
Herrenknecht Tunneling
Systems USA
Lanyards
Herrenknecht is a technology and market leader in the
area of mechanized tunnelling technology. Herren-
cutting-edge tunnel boring machines for all ground
conditions and in all diameters – ranging from 0.10
to 19 meters. The product range includes tailor-made
machines for traffic, supply and disposal tunnels,
technologies for pipeline installation as well as
drilling equipment for vertical and inclined shafts and
deep drilling rigs. As a reliable partner, Herrenknecht
supports its customers with an extensive range of
services from the initial project idea through manufac-
turing, transport, assembly, tunnelling support, spare
parts service to disassembly.
WSP
Attendee Conference Bags
WSP is a leader in tunneling and underground
construction, from San Francisco to Stockholm. The
firm has participated in the design and construction of
some of the longest, largest, deepest, and most com-
plicated tunnels in the world, including tunnels built
in hard rock, soft ground or mixed-face conditions,
and using mining, boring, jacking, cut-and-cover, and
immersed tunnel technology. Projects include the
Second Avenue Subway in New York City; the Stock-
holm City Line; the Eurasia tunnel in Istanbul; and San
Francisco’s Central Subway. WSP employs 55,000
professionals globally.
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
HNTB
USB Proceedings Drives
With over 5000 professionals, HNTB is a leader in
providing solutions to infrastructure and transportation
challenges, nationwide. The firm has a long history
in design and engineering services for tunnels and
complex underground structures and has completed
award-winning projects in some of the country’s
largest transportation markets, including highways,
transit, rail, aviation and water resources. HNTB’s
experts have the insights and knowledge toward
providing state-of-the-art innovative solutions to
tunneling challenges, from small diameter excavations
to designing the largest bored tunnel in the world
(Alaskan Way Tunnel).
Hatch
Water Bottles
Our organization is passionately committed to the
pursuit of a better world through positive change.
We embrace your visions as our own and partner
with you to develop better ideas that are smarter,
more efficient, and innovative. Our experience spans
over 150 countries around the world in the metals,
energy, infrastructure, digital, and investments market
sectors. Our exceptional, diverse teams combine vast
engineering and business knowledge, working in
partnership with our clients to develop market strat-
egies, manage and optimize production, develop new
game-changing technologies, and design and deliver
complex capital projects. We are “entrepreneurs with
a technical soul.”

SILVER
Traylor Bros
Ribbon Wall
Traylor Bros., Inc. (TBI) is a family-owned corporation
founded in 1946. For more than 75 years, TBI has
provided single-source, comprehensive, cutting-edge
construction and design-build services to public works
agencies throughout North America. TBI capitalizes on
state-of-the-art technology for its soft ground, hard
rock, and drill and shoot tunnel projects worldwide.
Traylor has successfully completed more than 115
tunneling projects, including two of the most tech-
nically demanding EPB tunnels in the United States
and well over 115 miles of tunnels utilizing tunnel
boring machines (TBMs). Their underground structural
services include tunnel boring machine tunnels, drill
and blast tunnels, and precast tunnel segments.
Kiewit
Tuesday Coffee Break
As a construction, mining, and engineering leader,
Kiewit is a FORTUNE 500 company consistently
ranking in ENR’s Top 10 Contractors. Kiewit has built
some of the most complex tunneling and underground
projects for over 60 years. We self-perform soft ground
and hard rock TBM tunneling, conventional tunneling
techniques including SEM and Drill and Blast, and
trenchless technologies including MTBM and HDD. As
one of North America’s largest and most respected
construction and engineering organizations, Kiewit’s
underground capabilities offer clients unique advan-
tages to navigating complex, challenging projects from
engineering and design, through construction.
DSI Tunneling
Welcome Lunch Sponsor
DSI (a Sandvik Company) has provided ground support
products to the underground construction industry
for over 100 years. With our signature 4 flange liner
plate and superior beam bending capabilities we are
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
SPONSOR LISTING
the premier supplier of steel supports to tunnels and
mines. We also offer engineering services from design
through bidding to stamped submittals. Our range
of products include; chemical injection resins, Liner
plates, Beam arches, rock bolts, pipe umbrellas, lattice
girders, and forepoling. DSI also has a full line of TBM
support products including drill consumables, large
batch plants for back filling segment tunnels, and
Condat TBM Lubricants.
Mott Macdonald
Coffee Break
Mott MacDonald provides tunnel design and engi-
neering solutions for rail and transit, road, water/
wastewater conveyance, CSO storage, and cable and
communications. With a reputation for technical excel-
lence, Mott MacDonald identifies practical approaches
to tunneling, equipment selection and contracting
Watson Bowman Acme approaches. Expertise includes soft ground and
rock tunneling, cut and cover, underground caverns,
Design Technical Sessions immersed tube tunnels, jacked tunnels, and micro-
Watson Bowman Acme, (WBA) an MBCC Group busi- tunneling. Complementary skills in technical areas
ness, is located in Amherst, New York. include tunnel rehabilitation, ground stabilization and
treatment, tunnel systems, ventilation, and life safety
We are a leader in the Expansion Joint Systems and security. With 16,000 employees worldwide, Mott
industry, providing custom engineered solutions to the MacDonald is one of the world’s largest employ-
commercial construction market. For more than 70 ee-owned companies.
years WBA has developed and manufactured products
for some of the world’s most unique and complex proj-
ects. Our core focus has been in the area of expansion
control for civil structures. Today we have expanded
beyond our core products and offer specialty products
and services to the bridge and highway, parking and
stadium, and commercial structures markets.
Visit us online at watsonbowmanacme.com
Barnard Construction
Bronze+ Sponsor, UCA Young
Leaders Reception
People building for People. That’s what we do at Bar-
nard. Whether we’re tunneling through the mountains
of northern British Columbia or below the streets of
downtown San Francisco, our people arrive at projects
determined to do the best for their communities and
Sandvik be the best in the industry. We self-perform heavy civil
and underground construction including TBM tunnel-
UCA of SME Young Members Re- ing, drill and blast, and sequential excavation methods.
ception, Mobile App Banner Ad Our work also encompasses power transmission,
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions and Sandvik Rock dams and reservoirs, pipelines, and environmental
Processing Solutions are business areas within the construction. We have built our reputation on skill, in-
Sandvik Group. Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions novation, reliability, and safety. We live where we work
is a global leading supplier of equipment and tools, and know our projects personally. We build for People.
parts, service, digital solutions, and sustainability-driv-
ing technologies for the mining and construction
industries. Application areas include rock drilling, rock
cutting, loading and hauling, tunneling, and quarrying.
Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions is a leading sup-
plier of equipment, tools, parts, service and solutions
for processing rock and minerals in the mining and
construction industries. Applications include crushing,
screening, breaking, and demolition.
  2022 NAT ShowGuide 5
SPONSOR LISTING
BRONZE
ASI Group
Bronze+ Sponsor
ASI Group Ltd. was established in 1987 by a core
group of individuals with backgrounds in marine
biology, commercial diving and marine construction.
The company has grown extensively throughout its
existence, providing industries and governments
worldwide with leading-edge underwater services fo-
cused on the assessment, maintenance, rehabilitation
and construction of underwater infrastructure, as well,
hyperbaric services in support of soft ground tunnel
construction. ASI’s team of skilled and experienced
personnel is equipped with the technology, specialized
equipment, and the practical, proven methodologies
required to manage and operate hyperbaric interven-
tions on tunnel construction projects. To date, ASI has
performed over 500 hyperbaric interventions in soft
ground tunnels
Black and Veatch
Bronze+ Sponsor
Black & Veatch is a 100-percent employee-owned
global engineering, procurement, consulting and
construction company with a more than 100-year
track record of innovation in sustainable infrastruc-
ture. Since 1915, we have helped our clients improve
the lives of people around the world by addressing
the resilience and reliability of our most important
infrastructure assets.
Kleinfelder
Bronze+ Sponsor
Kleinfelder is a leading engineering, construction
management, design, and environmental professional
services firm operating from over 100 offices in the
United States, Canada, and Australia. Established in
1961, we draw from a foundation of experience and
understanding of environmental, regulatory, economic,
and civic conditions, to identify and address challeng-
es with innovation and common sense. For nearly 25
years, Kleinfelder has provided expertise to mining,
metallurgy, and exploration clients with a balanced ap-
proach to economic feasibility, environmental impacts,
and community needs. Regardless of location, we
quickly assemble and deploy the most appropriately
qualified resources to safely deliver projects to exceed
client expectations.
6 2022 NAT ShowGuideR
ILF Consultants, INC.
Bronze+ Sponsor
The ILF Group is an international engineering and con-
sulting firm that helps its clients successfully execute
technically demanding industrial and infrastructure
projects. For more than five decades, ILF has been
involved in the interdisciplinary planning and design
of tunnels and tunnel equipment. ILF has designed the
equipment for a large number of complex tunnel sys-
tems and has played a leading role in more than 250
tunnel projects in over 50 countries around the world.
Dr. Sauer and Partners
Corporation
Bronze+ Sponsor
Dr. Sauer & Partners has been in practice in the
United States for over 30 years, and employs tunnel
engineers at main offices located in Washington D.C.,
London and Salzburg. The firm provides cost effective
and innovative tunneling solutions using conventional
mining approaches to owners and contractors. Dr.
Sauer & Partners is recognized worldwide as one of
the leading consultants for design and construction
supervision of tunnels and underground structures.
The application of innovative design solutions and
high-quality field supervision has led to the successful
completion of numerous transportation and utility
tunnels.
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
Seequent
Bronze+ Sponsor
Seequent, a Bentley company, are industry leaders in
integrated earth modelling, geo-data management,
and team collaboration software. Our customers are
tackling the world’s most challenging problems faced
in engineering and environmental projects using our
software.
Our software empowers customers to make better,
more sustainable decisions about their earth, environ-
ment, and energy challenges and unites the insights
of geotechnical, geology, geophysics, geochemistry,
hydrogeology, and their stakeholders.
When data comes together and people share insights
collaboratively, they can solve the most complex
subsurface challenges that drive project risk. By con-
necting workflows, we enable technical disciplines to
collaborate across the lifecycle of projects and make
better decisions.
Lane Construction
Bronze+ Sponsor
The Lane Construction Corporation is one of America’s
leading construction companies, specializing in large,
complex civil infrastructure. For over 130 years, it
has contributed to the development of the country’s
transportation systems including the Interstate
Highway System and a vast network of roads, bridges,
airports, metros and railways. Lane specializes in
mobility, tunneling, and water resources to address
sustainable development and climate change adapta-
tion challenges. It is also a pioneer in project delivery
methods and the use of design-build and public-pri-
vate partnerships. Based in Cheshire, Connecticut, it
is wholly owned by Webuild, a global infrastructure
group. For more information, visit www.laneconstruct.
com. For more details about the parent company, visit
webuildgroup.com.

BRONZE
Schnabel Engineering
Bronze+ Sponsor
Founded in 1956, Schnabel Engineering is an ENR Top
500 Design Firm, providing specialized expertise and
design for geotechnical, dam, and tunnel engineering
projects across the United States and worldwide. An
employee-owned company, with a 450+ workforce in
22 locations, Schnabel has worked in 150+ countries
since its founding 65 years ago. Our Tunnel Group
offers small-firm responsiveness backed by big-firm
capabilities, with expertise in Tunnel & Shaft Design,
Segmental Liner Design, Cavern Design, Modeling
& Design Analysis, Risk Management, Construction
Management, Inspection & Rehabilitation, Mine
Rehabilitation, Quarry Conversion, Feasibility Studies,
Alignment Optimization, Geotechnical Assessment,
Constructability Review, and Cost Estimating.
Michels
Bronze+ Sponsor
Michels is an industry-leading utility contractor. A
sampling of our deep foundation services for tunneling
consist of design/build of a multitude of ERS systems,
soil nails, secant piles, soldier piles, tiebacks, grouting,
and steel sheeting. Michels has the experience in a
variety of tunneling techniques, including Earth Pres-
sure Balance Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM), hard rock
TBMs, conventional drill blast tunneling, sequential ex-
cavation methods (SEM), remote-controlled tunneling
systems and microtunneling.
J.W. Flower
Bronze+ Sponsor
J.W. Fowler is a diversified general contractor provid-
ing heavy-civil and tunneling construction solutions.
The first to use a Vertical Shaft Machine in North
America, J.W. Fowler always meets challenges with
ingenuity.
Over the last 50 years, our team has developed a
unique capability to self-perform a wide variety of
tunneling, trenchless, shaft excavation, and sup-
port-of-excavation methods.
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
SPONSOR LISTING
We’re here to build. Using MTBM and TBM equipment develops innovative, practical, and cost-effective solu-
we have successfully excavated microtunnel and tions to geotechnical challenges. Keller builds projects
large-diameter tunnels in both soft ground and hard designed by others and offers full design-build ser-
rock conditions. In addition to tunneling, we excel in vices for any geotechnical construction application.
shaft sinking and all forms of excavation support.
SAK Construction
UCA of SME Young Members
Reception
Jay Dee Contractors
Mobile App Banner Ad
Established in 1965, Jay Dee Contractors, Inc. has
built an impressive project resume. Specializing
in heavy underground construction, our work has
been responsible for the successful execution of
McMillen Jacobs Associates several noteworthy projects, known for both size and
complexity. Most notably, the Little Calumet Leg, the
Women in Tunneling Reception Thornton Transitional Reservoir, Big Walnut Augmen-
McMillen Jacobs Associates specializes in delivering tation/Rickenbacker Interceptor, Brightwater Tunnel
underground and water resources infrastructure, pro- Section 3 Completion and the University Link Light Rail
viding technical engineering design and construction Contract U230.
expertise in the water, wastewater, transportation,
transit, and energy/power industries. Offering a Over the past 50 years we’ve been meeting the chal-
full range of design, design-build, self-performing lenges of large tunneling projects while maximizing
construction, and construction management services, efficiency and quality. It’s just the way we do business.
we work closely with our clients at every stage of a
project, assisting them with planning, design exper-
tise, project management, construction, start-up, and
dispute resolution. McMillen Jacobs is also committed
to the principles of sustainability in its design and
construction practices. Our 22 offices in North America
and Australasia and more than 500 staff serve clients
locally and worldwide.
Keller
Women in Tunneling Reception
Facing challenging subsurface conditions is a familiar
scenario for tunneling contractors, and as the leading
geotechnical specialty contractor, Keller has provided
solutions to these challenges for almost 100 years.
Our solutions for tunneling include diaphragm walls,
ground freezing, secant piles, dewatering, jet, perme-
ation and compensation grouting, and instrumentation
and monitoring. By connecting global resources and
expertise with local knowledge and focus, Keller
  2022 NAT ShowGuide 7
8
JUNE 19-22, 2022
2022 PHILADELPHIA, PA

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SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

EXHIBITORS
ABC Industries, Inc
Booth 215
For over 90 years, ABC Industries continues to be a
leading supplier of high quality, customized ducting
solutions in mine, tunnel and underground construction
operations worldwide. As these operations continue
to evolve, ABC proactively collaborates with industry
professionals to engineer unique, premium ventilation
products. A new innovative addition to ABC’s arsenal,
RigiVent™ is a flexible, interlocking ducting solution
for positive pressure applications requiring minimal
storage and ease of handling. Similar to RigiDuct®, Ri-
giVent™ is constructed from filament wound fiberglass
rovings and reinforced with polyester fibers for added
strength and resiliency. Visit our website to see more
innovative solutions.
Products & Services
Dust and Fume Control Technology
Mining Equipment
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
Main Office
301 Kings Hwy
Winona Lake, IN 46590 United States of America
Phone: (574) 267-5166
www.abc-industries.net
ABC Ventilation Systems
Booth 113
ABC Ventilation Systems is one of the world’s leading
companies in underground ventilation. ABC Ventilation
Systems provides complete turn-key tunnel ventilation
design and systems from fan to face. Through vertically
integrated manufacturing we are committed to the de-
sign, development and production of high performance
Mine and Tunnel ventilation products.
Products & Services
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
Main Office
1802 Quebec Ave
Saskatoon, SK S7K 1W2 Canada
Phone: (306) 653-4303
abcventilation.com/
AECOM
Booth 209
With more than 2,000 miles of transit, roadway, wa-
ter and energy tunnel projects worldwide, AECOM is at
the forefront of the industry. Our 500 tunneling experts
and 2,000 geotechnical engineers develop innovative,
award-winning solutions for our clients’ toughest chal-
lenges around the world. AECOM understands that spe-
cialized services are vital to a successful project. We
bring extensive design and construction management
expertise, including experience with alternative delivery
projects.
We provide fully integrated services to each aspect of
large-scale tunnel design, management, inspection, re-
10 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
habilitation and construction. We are driven by a com-
mon purpose to deliver a better world.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Main Office
13355 Noel Rd, Ste 400
Dallas, TX 75240 United States of America
Phone: (843) 743-8355
Email: businessinquiry.americas@aecom.com
aecom.comtunneling
Aerix Industries
Booth 317
Aerix Industries (formerly Cellular Concrete Solutions),
manufactures and supplies a dynamic product line
of integrated engineered foam liquid concentrates,
enabling its customers to produce and install high
quality lightweight cellular concretes, ideal for annu-
lar grouting, tunnel arch backfill and flowable fill. The
company’s foams also allow its customers to transport
tailings, sand, or other construction materials using
minimal amounts of water. Aerix Industries dedication
to research and technical support has allowed it to pro-
vide advanced engineered foam solutions to the con-
struction and mining industries for more than 70 years.
Products & Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Main Office
7020 Snowdrift
Allentown, VA 22853 United States of America
Phone: (804) 740-6772
Email: nsutmoller@aerixindustries.com
www.aerixindustries.com
AGRU America, Inc
Booth 311
AGRU America, Inc. is the world’s leading manufacturer
of flat die extrusion geomembranes, concrete protec-
tive liners and tunnel liners. The company also supplies
vertical barrier systems and large diameter piping sys-
tems for the U.S. and international civil/environmental
markets. AGRU America is part of the worldwide AGRU
Group, an Austrian family-owned business since 1948
with production facilities in Austria, the U.S., Germany
and China, and distribution in over 80 countries world-
wide.
Products & Services
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
Precast Concrete Linings
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Underground Utility Materials and Operations
Wastewater Management Products
Water Treatment Plant and Materials
Main Office
500 Garrison Rd
Georgetown, SC 29440 United States of America
Phone: (843) 546-0600
Email: salesmkg@agruamerica.com
www.agruamerica.com
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
Alpine Equipment
Booth 800
For over 45-years Alpine has been a trusted supplier
of equipment for the underground, construction, and
mining sectors. Our Rockwheel line of hydraulic drum
cutter attachments allow for rapid and precise removal
of rock and concrete, filling the niche between buck-
et excavation and heavy hammers. Rockwheels are
available for excavators in any class. We also supply
innovative hydraulic rotary soil mixing attachments for
use in remediation, stabilization, and solidification proj-
ects. All products are available on a rental basis with
purchase option. Alpine’s experienced team can help
with job-specific customization and is always available
for technical support, service and parts.
Products & Services
Roadheaders
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
Main Office
801 Pleasant View Blvd
Bellefonte, PA 16823 United States of America
Phone: (814) 466-7134
Email: info@alpine-aec.com
www.alpinecutters.com
AMIX Systems Ltd
Booth 315
Amix Systems Ltd. is a design, engineering and fabri-
cation team that solves problems for today’s most chal-
lenging grout mixing & backfill projects. We take com-
plex project needs and build automated, self-cleaning
products and systems that simplify the grout mixing
process.
If you are retrofitting existing plants, we’re your solu-
tion. Our team has a deep expertise in systems design
and control automation. It’s not about selling systems,
we’re on a mission to help companies reduce their
overall equipment costs and make significant advanc-
es in productivity.
We now have rental equipment available for all your
grouting applications!
Contact us for more information.
Products & Services
Dust and Fume Control Technology
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Jet Grouting Equipment and Services
Mining Equipment
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
Main Office
Unit 460 - 688 Hastings St W
Vancouver, BC V6B 1P1 Canada
Phone: (604) 746 0555
Email: Info@amixsystems.com
www.amixsystems.com
Antraquip Corp
Booth 505
See our ad on p. 9
Antraquip continues to build on its reputation as the
leading supplier of rock and concrete cutting attach-
ments for excavators which are commonly used for
scaling, profiling, mixing/remediation and tunnel en-

largement projects, as well as roadheaders for tunnel
and mining applications. In the field of tunnel support,
Antraquip offers lattice girders, steel ribs and complete
casing systems for pipe roofing, anchoring and drain-
age. Other products offered include self drilling rock
bolts, steel fibers, rock saw attachments and custom
engineered shaft sinking equipment.
Products & Services
Roadheaders
Rotary Drum Cutters
Scaling
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
Main Office
758 Bowman Ave
Hagerstown, MD 21740 United States of America
Phone: (301) 665-1165
Email: info@antraquip.net
www.antraquip.net
Arup
Booth 812
Arup’s approach to tunnel projects embraces all that is
best in multidisciplinary design. From ground support,
construction sequence and lining design to life safety,
materials technology and lifecycle cost analysis, Arup’s
contribution to tunnel projects extends from concept to
operation and beyond. Using a holistic approach based
on a strong core team of experienced tunnel designers,
Arup draws on the capabilities of a wide array of allied
disciplines to deliver innovative solutions to some of
the world’s most complex underground projects. These
challenges are welcome and provide Arup the oppor-
tunity to implement integrated projects of real value to
clients.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Main Office
77 Water St
New York, NY 10005 United States of America
Phone: (212) 896-3000
Email: tunnel-design@arup.com
www.arup.com
Avanti International
Booth 217
Avanti International is an experienced producer of
high-quality injection grouts in the U.S. For decades,
AvantiGrout has been used in geotechnical applications
to stabilize soils and control groundwater before, during,
and after construction. Injection grouts can be used: 1)
Before tunnel break-ins/outs to stabilize surrounding
soils, control groundwater inflow, and improve project
productivity; 2) During tunnel construction to stabilize
weak soils, control groundwater ahead of and behind
TBMs, and create a safer work environment; and 3)
EXHIBITORS
After project completion to create an impermeable wa-
ter barrier. For more information on Avanti’s injection
grouts, visit our website www.avantigrout.com
Products & Services
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
Underground Utility Materials and Operations
Main Office
822 Bay Star Blvd
Webster, TX 77598 United States of America
Phone: (281) 486-5600
Email: info@avantigrout.com
www.avantigrout.com
BabEng, LLC
Booth 309
Energy, enthusiasm, and knowledge – these are some
of the qualities that drive our passion for understand-
ing the world of underground works and making the
most out of any TBM tunneling project. BabEng, is a
worldwide engineering and consulting company spe-
cializing in underground works. Detailed knowledge
about TBMs makes us a highly qualified project partner,
able to complete critical tasks and solve problems from
feasibility study to design and construction to contract
closure. Tunnelsoft, a division of BabEng, offers soft-
ware that is specifically tailored to the needs of TBM
tunneling. It’s everything you need for in-depth tunnel-
ing analysis and documentation.

MEET BROKK 900

THE WORLD’S MOST ROBUST

DEMOLITION ROBOT
With the perfect combination of great power and compact size
the Brokk 900 completes demanding jobs in confined spaces
with ease. Maximized durability and reliable SmartPower™
makes it optimized for tunneling applications.

See us at NAT 2022!

North American Tunneling Conference
Booth 815

Brokk Inc. | 1-360-794-1277 | www.brokk.com | info@brokkinc.com

SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 11

EXHIBITORS
Products & Services BarChip Inc Bekaert
Computer Hardware and Software
Consulting Engineers Booth 715 Booth 603
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels Manufacturers of Barchip Macro Synthetic Fibers for Bekaert Underground Solutions, your global partner for
cast in place tunnel linings, precast tunnel segments, smart reinforcement of your tunnelling and mining proj-
shotcrete tunnel linings, track slabs, and underground ect. We optimize your project by providing innovative,
Main Office
support. cost-effective and safe solutions. We offer a range of
28205 203rd Ave SE
Dramix® Steel Fibers directly produced in the US to
Kent, WA 98042 United States of America
Phone: (253) 630-2221 Products & Services meet the buy America requirements in rebuilding the
Concrete Reinforcement infrastructure. Check our website for our impressive
Email: contact@babeng.com
reference list. We have a team of technical experts
www.babeng.com
Main Office available, especially dedicated to the underground con-
PO Box 471007 struction world.
Ballard Marine Construction Charlotte, NC 28247 United States of America
Booth 112 Phone: (704) 843-8401 Products & Services
A leader in tunnel, shaft, caisson and pipeline con- www.barchip.com Concrete Reinforcement
struction support services for premier tunneling and Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
mining contractors, as well as joint ventures. Ballard
has a reputation for managing highly complex tasks in
Bauer Foundation Corporation Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
a cost effective and efficient manner. We have expe- Booth 410 Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
rienced supervisory personnel and a full complement Bauer Foundation Corp. (BFC), the US subsidiary or
of experienced and qualified compressed air workers, Bauer Spezialtiefbau of Germany, is a deep foundation Main Office
dive medical technicians, hyperbaric nurses, hyperbar- and ground improvement contractor. BFC provides 1395 S Marietta Pkwy
ic physician assistants, and other specialty personnel. ground improvement and support of excavation ser- Bldng 500, Ste 120
Ballard owns and maintains related equipment from vices to the tunneling industry including slurry/dia- Marietta, GA 30067 United States of America
shuttles to tunnel specific saturation systems (SAT). phragm walls, secant walls, grouting, drilled shafts and Phone: (800) 241-4126
ground freezing. Email: harley.smith@bekaert.com
Products & Services www.bekaert.com/underground
Construction - Contracting Services Products & Services
Ground Freezing
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials Bessac
Main Office Booth 312
727 S 27th St Main Office Tunneling equipment and TBM manufacturer. Tunnel
13203 Byrd Legg Dr and Micro Tunnel contractor.
Washougal, WA 98671 United States of America
Phone: (360) 695-5163 Odessa, Fl 33556 United States of America
Email: liam.obrien@ballardmc.com Phone: (727) 992-1769 Products & Services
www.ballardmc.com/projects/tunnel-support/ Email: Gianfranco.Dicicco@bauerfoundations.com Tunnel Boring Equipment
bauerfoundations.com Tunnel Lining and Support Materials

Main Office
2400 Ansys Dr, Ste 303
Canonsburg, PA 15317 United States of America
Phone: (786) 570-0532
www.bessac.com/

Durable. Designed
Dependable. to Meet
Your
Demands.

+1 814.849.2000 • brookvillecorp.com

12 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022


Brokk Inc
See our ad on p. 11
Booth 815
BROKK is the world leader in electrically powered
remote controlled demolition machines, which are
used extensively in tunneling, cross-passages, shaft
sinking, micro-tunneling, scaling, and other under-
ground construction applications. BROKK machines
can be equipped with a variety of attachments, such
as hydraulic breakers, rock drills, rotary drum cutters,
digging buckets, beam manipulators, and shotcrete
nozzles. Boasting an impressive power-to-weight ra-
tio, these compact machines can operate effectively in
limited access, confined spaces, with zero-emissions.
Operators can remain at a safe distance while they
maneuver BROKK machines in challenging areas un-
derground.
Products & Services
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
Main Office
17321 Tye St SE, Ste B
Monroe, WA 98272 United States of America
Phone: (360) 794-1277
www.brokk.com
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
® Email: info@brookvillecorp.com
Brookville Equipment CorpSee
See our ad on p. 12
Booth 405
Brookville is a leading manufacturer of rail-mounted
diesel and battery-powered tunneling locomotives and
personnel carriers. Featuring planetary final drive gear
reducers at each wheel end to divide driveline torque,
shock loading for reduced stress and longer service life,
and liquid-cooled internal wet disc brakes to extend
brake life and provide maximum braking capacity for
long, continuous grades, Brookville units are designed
for dependability. Optional equipment features include
explosion proofing and patented on-board rerailing
systems to enhance safety in all work environments.
Brookville also manufactures rubber-tired equipment,
ideal for steep tunnel grades, inspections, and mainte-
nance for non-tracked projects.
Products & Services
Mining Equipment
Rail Products
Underground Locomotives and Rail Haulage Equipment
EXHIBITORS
Main Office
175 Evans St
Brookville, PA 15825 United States of America
Phone: (814) 849-2000
www.brookvillecorp.com
CAB
Booth 717
For over 45 years CAB has been supplying the tunnel-
ing and mining industry with high quality hangers and
mine safety products. CAB hangers are widely rec-
ognized for their high strength, quality and important
safety features. They are designed to safely support
all types of sensor, data, control, communication and
electrical cables in above and below ground oper-
ations. With the growing importance of Safety in the
Industries, CAB has greatly expanded its line of Safety
Products in recent years. This includes products such
as high-visibility streamers, markers, tubes, bags, and
apparel.
Products & Services
Electrical - Generator-Motor, Wire-Cable
Mining Equipment
Safety Products
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Underground Utility Materials and Operations
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
  2022 NAT ShowGuide 13
EXHIBITORS
Main Office
175 Industrial Park Rd
Ebensburg, PA 15931 United States of America
Phone: (814) 472-5077
www.cabproducts.com
Carroll Technologies Group
Booth 413
Carroll Technologies Group is a leading provider of
Communications, Electronics, and Safety Equipment
for the tunneling and mining sectors. We distribute
products for over 80 manufacturers, repair/calibrate
over 75% of those products, and have a service team
on hand to help facilitate those needs. Our company
is dedicated to give you a service model 24/7 and we
focus on the individual needs of our customers by pro-
viding a robust stock of the products they need at all
times. Our number one goal is taking care of our cus-
tomers and building a strong relationship.
Products & Services
Conveyor Equipment and Systems
Electrical - Generator-Motor, Wire-Cable
Hoists and Headframes
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Safety Products
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment
Main Office
6822 Barger Pond Way
Knoxville, TN 37912 United States of America
EXPERIENCE.
INNOVATION.
RESULTS.
Crux specializes in difficult-access locations and is committed to
solving our clients’ most challenging problems. The integration
of in-house engineering with unique and experienced
construction services allows us to seamlessly provide a
more complete project package.
Geotechnical Drilling Services
High-Efficiency Core Recovery
Specialty Grouting and Dewatering
Downhole Geophysics
Instrument Installation
14 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Phone: (865) 771-4074
Email: jj@carrollengineeringco.com
www.carrolltechnologiesgroup.com
CBE GROUP
Booth 511
CBE Group designs and manufactures segment moulds, CDM Smith
automated plants for segment production and seg- See our ad on p. 13
ment handling equipment for tunnel projects all over
Booth 117
the world. The company ensures assembly of precast
CDM Smith provides lasting and integrated solutions in
plants, staff training and maintenance worldwide. Its
water, environment, transportation, energy and facilities
main offices are located in France, with two production
to public/private clients worldwide. As a full-service en-
sites in France and in China. Since its creation in 1987,
gineering and construction firm, we deliver exceptional
the company has achieved more than 600 projects and
client service, quality results and enduring value across
produced more than 28 600 moulds. Recent achieve-
the entire project life-cycle. CDM Smith’s underground
ments include: Grand Paris (France), High Speed 2 (UK),
construction staff includes geotechnical, structural, and
Mularroya (Spain), E05 Ravannstunnel (Norway), Los
civil engineers and geologists located across the globe.
Angeles Outfall (USA), Snowy (Australia), and more.
With a full range of tunnel-related services, we provide
planning, feasibility and design - both 2D and 3D FEM
Products & Services analyses, construction services, program management,
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels inspection and geotechnical instrumentation monitor-
Precast Concrete Linings ing and data interpretation.
Segment Accessories
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Products & Services
Ground Freezing
Main Office
17 rue Frederic Joliot-Curie
Main Office
Saint-Avertin 37550 France
75 State St, Ste 701
Phone: +33247375364
Boston, MA 02109 United States of America
Email: cbe@cbegroup.fr
Phone: (617) 452-6000
www.cbe-tunnels.com
www.cdmsmith.com
www.cruxsub.com
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
 lays of the San Andreas Fault varying code standards throughout
locations. California’s counties.
rol of ground water inflows While much of the work E X H IJacobs BITORS
in order to avoid impacts to Associates does is in California, the
Bernardino
ChemGrout,National Inc ForestMain firm is not limited.Crux
Office
3402 Acorn St, #202
One of it biggest
Subsurface,
See our ad on p. 14
Inc
Booth 604
Manwel BUSINESS
■With more than Indian PROFILE
55 years Reserva-
of experience,
Tunneling & Underground
ChemGrout current projects isBooth
Construction
Williamsburg, VA 23188 United States of America
Paid Advertisement
Phone: (800) 428-5690
the 601 Rio Piedra
Crux is a leader in geotechnical construction and ex-
continues to manufacture the worlds largest selec-
tion of grouting equipment. ChemGrout’s underground Contract in San Juan
Email: James@cjgeo.com
www.cjgeo.com
ploration. Puerto
With more than two Rico.
decades in the tunneling
industry, the company has provided solutions to some
equipment offers exceptional productivity for contact
unnelgrouting,
lining for
water cut-offs, cable the
stays andArrow-
rock bolts. Its This job consists
Colorado School of Mines
of the mostof a 1,500-m
difficult-access and geologically challeng-
ing projects in North America. Crux specializes in long
patented pumps are industry standards offering reli-
nnels is designed
ability and durability, along with tounique
withstand
features simpli- Booth 508 (4,921-ft) long underground rapid
range horizontal core holes, borehole surveying, optical

quake David
and of magnitude
innovative features,R. Klug
ChemGrout 8.0.&
fying clean up and maintenance. Offering many unique
has remained theIn transit guideway pling,
and acoustical televiewer services, high-quality sam-
with two installation.
and instrumentation under- Pre-excavation

Associates, of the Inc.

industry leader in underground grouting since 1963. Products & Services stabilization services include dewatering, permeation
, oneProducts
portion & Services
align-Educationalground subway stations. and compaction grouting, tube arch canopies, and
cased horizontal boreholes. Crux provides design-build
osses Grouting
an Since active
1996,
Services,
international
Pumps and Pumping
Davidsplay
Equipment
andEquipment
R. Klug
and Materials of
& Associates,the
national manufacturer’s representative
Inc.
Main has provided
Office Most of the project structures
services and a fleet of custom designed equipment to
ensure unique project needs can be met.
1812 Illinois St
dreas Main Fault,
services to thewhere
undergrounda heavyspecial
civil and mine
Golden, COare
construction located
80401 United States of Americabelow the groundwater
Office
industries. The company specializes in the sale and(303)
Phone: coordination
273-3640 Products & Services
ectionLaGrange
805 was
of specialty
E 31st
conventional
St used
products,
Park, IL and
60526NATM/SEM
to tunneling
equipment
United States of
accom-
and servicesEmail:
America practices.
for soft
mines.edu
table
ground, and many ofConstruction
tspaulding@mines.edu
Expertise
the -tunnels Contracting Services
Drilling Services and Equipment
pass
faultPhone:rupture. in the supplyA
(708) 354-7112
is offered
Email: cginfo@chemgrout.com
primary
of various componentry used in beneath
the occupiedGeological, historical
Ground Improvement Equipment build-
Geotechnical Services and Equipment
and Services
manufacture of one pass precast segmental tunnel Comtrol liningsInternational
bolted andof EPDM
www.chemgrout.com
inclusive gasketed gaskets, plastic precast
and steel connectors,
Booth 803 ings with less than Grouting
5 mEquipment
Services,
Instrumentation (16and Services
Equipment
ft)
and
of
Materials

grout lifting assemblies and precision steel segment casting

segments
moulds pluswas
CJGeo final liningdesigned
forming systems for toC-I-P
signing,final cover.
Comtrol was established in 1976 for the purpose of de-
manufacturing, and marketing communication Main Office
Booth 612
lining applications. Through their distribution company, Klug for the mining industry. After the 4308 N Barker Rd
d a pressure
Construction
Cellular concrete is anof
Systems, 274
LLC
excellent mforNittetsu
offers
material (900
annular
and control systems
ultrafine cement,
initial product Awe decided
offering, unique to enter the aspect
indus- Spokaneof this
Valley, WA project
99027 United States of America

is that different tunneling methods

space grouting, and the most common grout
steelCJGeo
drostatic GFRP
head
rock bolts
— the
and soft-eyes,
highest and synthetic fiber
trial market by introducing stainless steel systems. Phone: (509) 892-9409
uses for the
reinforcement, purpose. Whether
prefabricated an annulus
welded is just
wireanfabric and rebar www.cruxsub.com
inch or a few feet, and regardless of host pipe size,
evercellular
considered inreliabledesign
reinforcing panels, and specialty grout systems for various
tunnel concrete is an economical,
backfill grout requirements forannular
Products
highway,Control were used alongDavid
Systems
rail, subway,
& Services
theR. Klug alignment,
& Associates, Inc
space grouting material. CJGeo has grouted dozens
mental water and
of annular tunnel
spaces on welded
David R. Klug & HDPE,
mechanically-joined
lining.
CSO tunnel HDPE, construction
Associates,
Two Safety
applications.
corrugated HDPE,
Inc. spiral wound,
concrete,
which
Products
yielded
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment many lessons
See our ad on p. 15
Booth 903
on the
ace tunnel 1994 Lumber
corrugated
Wheeling,
United
metalboring
Ave.
and
States. WV 26003
machines
DI pipes throughout the Eastern Main Office impact of these David methodsR. Klug & Associates,on the
Inc. provides manufactur-
ers representative services to the underground civil and
structures above. ■
500 Pennsylvania Ave
to withstand
Tel: 304-905-8932
Fax: 304-905-0154
Products & Services
a pressure of 91 Irwin, PA 15642 United States of America
mine construction industries. The company specializes
in products and services for soft ground, convention-
Phone: (724) 864-3800
) of Ground Cell:Improvement
304-281-4239 Equipment and Services
E-mail: jklug@drklug.com
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Email: Bhensler@comtrol-corp.com
www.comtrol-corp.com
al, and NATM/SEM tunnels. Expertise is offered in the
supply of componentry used in precast tunnel linings
Website: www.drklug.com
atic
ere
ex- DAVID R.
DAVID R. KLUG
KLUG && ASSOCIATES,
ASSOCIATES, INC.
INC.
the
ead
In SpecialtyProducts
Specialty Marketing andServices Servicestofor thethe
na- North North American American Tunneling Tunneling and Mining Industry Industries
the
ght David R. Klug
Jonathan D. Klug - Vice - PresidentPresident
and www.drklug.com
www.drklug.com
ngs, Two Penn Center West, Suite 122 Tel (412)905-8932 787-2255
6000 1994 Waterdam
Lumber Ave. Plaza Dr., Ste. 120 Tel(304)
Tel (724) 942-4670
ive Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15276-0102 Fax (412)905-0154
Fax 787-5267
Wheeling, WV
McMurray, 26003
Pennsylvania 15317 Fax(304) (724) 942-4671
rill- Email: dklug@drklug.com
Email:dklug@drklug.com
Email: jklug@drklug.com Cell(304)
Cell
Cell (412)281-4239
(412) 670-0263
670-0263
pre-
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 15
EXHIBITORS
including EPDM gaskets, plastic and steel connectors,
grout lifting assemblies and steel segment moulds plus
forming systems for C-I-P applications. Their distribu-
tion company, Klug Construction Systems offers Nit-
tetsu ultrafine cement, GFRP rock bolts and soft-eyes,
steel and synthetic fiber reinforcement, prefabricated
welded wire and rebar reinforcing panels, and specialty
grout systems for tunnel backfill requirements.
Products & Services
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
1994 Lumber Ave
Wheeling, WV 26003 United States of America
Phone: (304) 905-8932
Email: jklug@drklug.com
www.drklug.com
Derrick Corporation
See our ad on p. 17
Booth 212
Derrick is a family-owned and operated company with
a global presence focused on pioneering fine-sepa-
ration technology. Since 1951, Derrick has manufac-
tured fine separation and dewatering equipment for
the Mining and Aggregates industries. In 1988, Derrick
branched out into the Civil Construction industry. From
ruggedly dependable dewatering to slurry separation,
Derrick’s innovative technologies are applicable to a
global customer base and many worldwide markets.
Derrick has remained dedicated to complete in-house
manufacturing of every machine, screen panel, and
tank system. Each unit is created and assembled at
Derrick’s Buffalo, New York headquarters facility. To
discover more, visit Derrick’s website.
Products & Services
Drilling Services and Equipment
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
Slurry Services and Machines
Wastewater Management Products
Water Treatment Plant and Materials
Main Office
15630 Export Plaza Dr
Houston, TX 77032 United States of America
Phone: (281) 590-3003
Email: info@derrick.com
www.derrick.com
Dibit Measuring Technique
USA, Inc.
Booth 907
Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. is a worldwide op-
erating engineering company specialized in tunnel-sur-
veying and scanning. Through decades of experience,
hardware and software technologies have evolved
steadily, enabling Dibit to provide high-skilled survey-
ing services and sophisticated scanning solutions. Each
scanning system and solution is specialized for differ-
ent tasks, such as excavation scanning, as-built docu-
mentation or inspections. Independently of the various
scanning systems, the result is always a true colour,
high resolution 3D-model. This 3D-model builds the
basis for any further analysis like volume and thickness
calculations, geometry and clearance checks as well
as mapping geological and geotechnical information.
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Survey Equipment and Lasers
Main Office
8561 154th Ave NE, Ste 100
Redmond, WA 98052 United States of America
Phone: (425) 658-7965
Email: office@dibit-scanner.com
www.dibit-scanner.com
Dr. Sauer & Partners Corp
See our ad on p. 16
Booth 213
Dr. Sauer & Partners has been in practice in the United
States for over 30 years, and employs tunnel engineers
at main offices located in Washington D.C., London and

Visit us at: Booth 213

INNOVATIVE TUNNEL ENGINEERING

TUNNEL DESIGN | GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING | CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

TUNNEL REHABILITATION | MINING SUPPORT SERVICES | TEMPORARY WORKS
INSTRUMENTATION & MONITORING | WATERPROOFING & WATER CONTROL

www.dr-sauer.com
Salzburg | London | Washington | Toronto | Tel Aviv

16 Dr. Sauer
2022 Ad 177x122
NAT 0522 R
ShowGuide v1 HiRes AW.indd 1 09/05/2022
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of 10:36
May 10, 2022
DERRICK SLURRY SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
PATENTED SCREEN SURFACES I COMPLETE SYSTEMS I SOLIDS REMOVAL EQUIPMENT

Civil Construction Applications:

n
Microtunneling n
Slurry Wall/Foundation Drilling
n
Large Diameter Tunneling n
Water Well Drilling
n
Hydrovac Mud Processing n
Horizontal Directional Drilling

Leading-Edge Slurry Separation Solutions

Backed by over 70 years of cost-effective solutions, Derrick has
manufactured innovative technologies for numerous civil construction
applications for over three decades. Derrick’s separation technology
offers unmatched solids removal performance. Our civil construction
solutions are currently used worldwide by companies that require high-
Site Video
In camera mode, hover phone over
efficiency separation and slurry dewatering in environmentally sensitive QR code to watch full video.
and urban environments. (No app required)

Derrick Corporation Exclusive Distributor

15630 Export Plaza Drive Clean Slurry Technology, Inc.
Houston, Texas 77032 4101 Union Ave
Toll Free: (866) DERRICK Bakersfield, California 93305
www.Derrick.com Toll Free: (877) 365-8396
www.CleanSlurry.com
EXHIBITORS
Salzburg. The firm provides cost effective and inno-
vative tunneling solutions using conventional mining
approaches to owners and contractors. Dr. Sauer &
Partners is recognized worldwide as one of the leading
consultants for design and construction supervision of
tunnels and underground structures. The application of
innovative design solutions and high quality field su-
pervision has led to the successful completion of nu-
merous transportation and utility tunnels.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Main Office
560 Herndon Pkwy, Ste 310
Herndon, VA 20170 United States of America
Phone: (703) 707-0700
Email: washington@dr-sauer.com
www.dr-sauer.com
Drill Tech Drilling & Shoring Inc
See our ad on p. 18
Booth 617
Drill Tech is a drilling, tunneling, and shaft sinking
contractor. Recent drilling and shoring work includes
foundations for high rise buildings in San Francisco,
and station excavations for San Francisco’s Central
Subway and L.A. Metro’s Crenshaw/LAX Line. Nota-
ble recent tunneling projects include a 2000’ tunnel
mined through sandstone uphill at 13% grade using a
Drill Tech shop built cog railroad. Drill and blast work
includes a 1,000 foot deep shaft in Wyoming, and
roadheader work includes 14,200 feet of mine access
decline tunneling for Barrick Gold in Nevada. We also
do pipe jacking and box jacking under freeways and
railroads.
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
Main Office
2200 Wymore Way
Antioch, CA 94509 United States of America
Phone: (925) 978-2060
www.drilltechdrilling.com
DSI Tunneling LLC
See our ad on p. 19
Booth 204
DSI (a Sandvik Company) has provided ground support
products to the underground construction industry for
over 100 years. With our signature 4 flange liner plate
and superior beam bending capabilities we are the pre-
mier supplier of steel supports to tunnels and mines.
We also offer engineering services from design through
bidding to stamped submittals. Our range of products
include; chemical injection resins, Liner plates, Beam
arches, rock bolts, pipe umbrellas, lattice girders, and
forepoling. DSI also has a full line of TBM support prod-
ucts including drill consumables, large batch plants for
back filling segment tunnels, and Condat TBM Lubri-
cants.
Products & Services
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
1032 E Chestnut St
Louisville, KY 40204 United States of America
Phone: (502) 473-1001
www.dsiunderground.com
EC Applications - Tunnel Lining
Booth 716
EC Applications supplies and installs protective tunnel
liner systems combining the advantages of thermo-
plastics (HDPE and LLDPE) with associated materials
(geotextile, waterbar, injectable grout hose and com-
ponents) required for a turnkey tunnel lining system.
ECA’s qualified installation technicians, project experi-
ence and Los Angeles based fabrication facility provide

SHAFTS

TUNNELING

EARTH RETENTION TUNNEL REHABILITATION

DEEP FOUNDATIONS MINE DEVELOPMENT

ARCHITECTURAL SHOTCRETE CONTRACT MINING

GROUND TREATMENT

DEWATERING

DRILLTECHDRILLING.COM
C a l i f o r n i a - T e x a s - C o l o r a d o - K a n s a s - M a ry l a n d
18 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
Advancing The World,
Safely And Efficiently
Tunnels help maximize space and improve communications –
all key to helping drive human progress. And we supply key solutions DSI Tunneling LLC
that reinforce progress underground. Our products keep workers safe. 502-473-1010
Our reliability helps engineers plan ahead. And our expertise keeps
tunnels advancing efficiently to bring benefits to everyone. dsitunneling.com
We are your system supplier for all consumables. dsiunderground.ca
EXHIBITORS
a cost effective solution for geomembrane tunnel lining and power market segments, FPT Infrastructure sup-
on any project. Equipment Corporation of ports, fills, coats, reinforces, seals, and protects the
America vital infrastructure that moves and connects us.
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Booth 713 Products & Services
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials Abrasion and Impact Resistant Materials
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Main Office
Main Office Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
PO Box 306
901 E Orangethorpe Ave Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
Coraopolis, PA 15108 United States of America
Anaheim, CA 92801 United States of America Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials
Phone: (336) 854-1220
Phone: (714) 921-9848 Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Email: info@ecanet.com
www.tunnellining.com
www.ecanet.com
Main Office
401 Old US 52 South
Ecovolve Everest Equipment Co Mt Airy, NC 27030 United States of America
Booth 813 Booth 606 Phone: (336) 789-7259
Since 1975, Everest Equipment Co. has been a designer Email: info@fptinfrastructure.com
and manufacturer of underground construction forms www.fptinfrastructure.com
Main Office in North America. Everest is your formwork source
75 Stedman St
Boston, MA 02130 United States of America
should your project require shaft formwork, blast-proof Gall Zeidler Consultants
shaft formwork, types of tunnel formwork, California See our ad on p. 21
Phone: (617) 955-5630
switches, underground gantries and equipment. Ever-
Email: niall.osullivan@ecoquipment.com
est is proud to encompass sales support, engineering,
Booth 313
www.ecoquipment.com Gall Zeidler Consultants (GZ) is an international engi-
fabrication and onsite servicing of formwork designed
neering consultancy firm specialized in solutions for
to meet the requirements of underground forming. The
tunnel and underground schemes. We provide geo-
Englo, Inc, DBA Engart, Inc formwork expertise has assisted contractors in under-
technical and tunnel engineering services along with
Booth 608 ground tunnels, vehicular tunnels, hydro development
consultancy in tunnel construction as well as program
Dust Extraction engineering, Manufacturing and Ser- projects and pre-cast primary liner segments. Its Ca-
and construction management. We use our wide range
vice of complete dust removal systems. nadian operation supports the products through many
of expertise in transportation, infrastructure, water
core employees that have built their careers with Ev-
conveyance, and mining projects to help our clients
erest.
Products & Services overcome difficult ground conditions and to provide
Dust and Fume Control Technology a superior product from its first conceptual phases to
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment Products & Services its turn-key completion. We are a global leader in our
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
field and have successfully completed over 300 miles
of tunnels worldwide.
Main Office Main Office
1077 Westmount St
PO Box 1124 Products & Services
Beckley, WV 25802 United States of America Ayer’s Cliff, QC J0B 1C0 Canada
Consulting Engineers
Phone: (304) 253-0777 Phone: (819) 838-4257
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
www.engartglobal.com www.everestconstructionforms.com
Main Office
Epiroc Fiori Group S.p.A 44345 Premier Plz, Ste 210
Booth 805 Ashburn, VA 20147 United States of America
Booth 404 Phone: (703) 726-2700
Epiroc is a leading global productivity partner for the Fiori Group is an Italian Company founded in 1942
with its headquarters in Finale Emilia in the Province Email: office@gzconsultants.com
mining and infrastructure industries. With cutting-edge www.gzconsultants.com
technology, Epiroc develops and produces innovative, of Modena, and is leader in the design, development
safe and sustainable drill rigs, rock excavation and con- and production of self-loading concrete batching ve-
struction equipment and tools. The company also pro- hicles, silos, mixers, and dumpers for the construction GCP Applied Technologies
industry.
vides world-class service and solutions for automation Booth 809
and interoperability. The company is headquartered in GCP Applied Technologies is a leading global provider
the US near Denver, Colorado. Employing approximately Products & Services of construction products technologies that include ad-
450 people, it extends its reach through a nationwide Concrete Mixing and Transportation Equipment
ditives for cement and concrete, the VERIFI® in-transit
network of service centers and drilling distributors. Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
concrete management system, high-performance wa-
Learn more by visiting our website. Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
terproofing products, and specialty systems including
TYTRO™ solutions for tunnels and DE NEEF® injection
Products & Services Main Office materials. GCP products have been used to build some
Hydraulic Hammers and Drills 8333 NW 53 Rd St, Ste 450 of the world’s most renowned structures. More infor-
Mining Equipment Doral, FL 33166 United States of America mation is available on our website.
Rock Drills Phone: (240) 893-6580
Email: gallovich.antonio@fiorigroup.com
Rotary Drum Cutters Products & Services
Tunnel Boring Equipment www.fiorigroup.com
Concrete Reinforcement
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
FPT Infrastructure Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Main Office Booth 710 Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
8001 Arista Pl, Ste 400
FPT Infrastructure manufactures and markets a portfo-
Broomfield, CO 80021 United States of America
lio of integrated solutions that expertly restore existing
Phone: (844) 437-4762
structures and maximizes the life of new construction.
Email: info.usa@epiroc.com
Serving bridge and highway, rail, aviation, transit, water
www.epiroc.us
20 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
 EXHIBITORS
Main Office programs for all types of civil engineering structures. ments, and slopes. We help clients manage risk by in-
2325 Lakeview Pkwy We provide instrumentation and real-time monitoring stalling advanced monitoring systems and automating
Alpharetta, GA 30009 United States of America services on projects from small to large. Geocomp also the collection, processing, and delivery of alarms, data,
Phone: (617) 876-1400 helps identify, assess, and mitigate risks associated and reports. Established in 2003, GEO-Instruments has
www.gcpat.com with construction by providing quantitative identifica- acquired a reputation for getting results and providing
tion of risks and the potential impact to project cost, excellent customer service. Our team has extensive
schedule, and quality. Our laboratory division, GeoTest- experience in instrumentation, information technology,
Gehrig, Inc ing Express, is a fully accredited world-class laboratory civil engineering, and construction. GEO-Instruments
Booth 610 that provides high-quality results with fast turnaround also maintains a large inventory of rental equipment
time for mechanical and physical properties testing on and specializes in sales, rentals, calibrations, and re-
soils, rocks, and geosynthetics. pair of Instantel vibration monitors and seismographs.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers Products & Services Products & Services
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment Consulting Engineers Dust and Fume Control Technology
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Main Office Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment Instrumentation Equipment and Services
PO Box 46, 212 N Main St Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Muenster, TX 76252 United States of America Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials Main Office
Phone: (817) 915-6174 24 B Celestial Dr
Email: rusty@gehriginc.com Main Office Narragansett, RI 02882 United States of America
www.gehriginc.com 125 Nagog Park Phone: (401) 782-1045
Acton, MA 01720 United States of America Email: sales@geo-instruments.com
Phone: (978) 635-0012
Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Email: info@geocomp.com
www.geo-instruments.com

Express, Inc www.geocomp.com

Booth 1000
Celebrating more than 35 years of managing risk for
infrastructure. Geocomp designs, installs, and manag-
es comprehensive, web-based performance monitoring
Geo-Instruments
Booth 307
GEO-Instruments provides automated solutions for
monitoring the safety and stability of buildings, excava-
tions, bridges, railways, roads, tunnels, dams, embank-
GEOKON
Booth 504
GEOKON is a specialist in the supply of instruments
for the NATM method of tunnel support. In addition
to almost all major cities in the USA, the company
has instrumented subway systems in Seoul, Taipei,
Guangzou, Istanbul, Hong Kong, Singapore and Lon-

Visit us during the

NAT 2022 at Booth 313.

ELEVATED THINKING,
UNDERGROUND.
We deliver innovative engineering
solutions for tunnel and underground
projects that adapt to today’s changing
environment and ensure sustainable
approaches for a greener future. We
are a global leader in our field and have
successfully completed over 300 miles of
tunnels worldwide.

London . Washington DC . New York . San Francisco . Toronto

Salzburg . Santiago de Chile . New Delhi . Singapore

www.gzconsultants.com

SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 21

EXHIBITORS
don. Geokon also has instruments in the Channel Tun- in Tunneling, Mining, Heavy Civil Construction Indus-
nel. Call Geokon for a quote or with questions on an tries. LICENSED ENGINEERING/CONSULTING DIVISION Grydale USA
application. The company is prompt and courteous in providing services from project conception to com- Booth 513
its replies. pletion. MANUFACTURING/REBUILD DIVISION, Certified
welders manufacture/refurbish custom equipment
Products & Services including Shaft Safety Ladders/fencing, Conveyor sup- Products & Services
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment ports, Gantries, Utility Brackets, etc. EQUIPMENT SALES Dust and Fume Control Technology
Instrumentation Equipment and Services DIVISION, for sale/lease a variety of equipment includ- Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
ing Mobile Power Centers, Ventilation fans/duct, Con-
Main Office veyors, VFDs, Substations, Transformers, Light String- Main Office
48 Spencer St ers, Mine Power Centers, etc. OEM REPRESENTATIVE: 14900 Interurban Ave S, Ste 271, PMB #88
Lebanon, NH 03766 United States of America General Cable; GIW Slurry Pumps; Mutsubishi Rubber Seattle, WA 98168 United States of America
Phone: (603) 448-1562 Tunnel Entrance/Exit/Omega Seals; Sagami Servo Phone: (888) 479-3253
Email: info@geokon.com Grout/Slurry Plants, Peristaltic Pumps; Shin-Tomoe Email: info@grydaleusa.com
www.geokon.com Battery Locomotives, Starloy TBM Cutters, Tail Brushes, www.grydaleusa.com
TJB Couplers, Toshiba Motors, Tsurumi Pumps.

Products & Services H+E Logistics USA, Inc

Consulting Engineers Booth 912
Electrical - Generator-Motor, Wire-Cable H+E Logistik USA Inc. located in Sumner, WA is the
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels subsidiary of H+E Logistik GmbH, with its headquarter
Fabrication Materials based in Bochum, Germany.
Pumps and Pumping Equipment H+E has earned an international reputation as an ex-
Tunnel Boring Equipment pert in conveyor technology; our company designs
versatile conveyor systems for companies with a lot to
Main Office move in the tunnelling, mining industrial industry.
1415 E Elwood St
Phoenix, AZ 85040 United States of America Products & Services
Gomez International, Inc Phone: (520) 836-7869 Conveyor Equipment and Systems
Booth 804 Email: info@gomezinternational.com Mining Equipment
GOMEZ INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED, WBE/WOSB/ www.gomezinternational.com
SBE/WEConnect Certified. Founded in 1991 specializing Main Office
1613 132nd Ave E, Ste 200
Sumner, WA 98390 United States of America
Phone: +49 (234) 950 23 60
Email: info@helogistik.de

HRGS
www.helogistik.de

Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc. Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc

See our ad on p. 22
Geophysics for the Engineering Booth 512

Community Products & Services

Consulting Engineers
Consulting Environmental
National Reputation for Excellence Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment

Specializing in High-Resolution Surface Main Office

8 Industrial Way D10
and Borehole Geophysics. Supporting Salem, NH 03079 United States of America
Phone: (603) 370-7518
Tunneling and Rapid Excavation Since 1984. Email: jeff.reid@hager-richter.com
hager-richter.net/

www.hager-richter.com Hatch
Booth 412
Hatch is an international engineering consulting firm
8 Industrial Way – D10 846 Main Street offering multi-disciplinary, full-service, design engi-
neering and construction management in the trans-
Salem, New Hampshire 03079 Fords, New Jersey 08863 portation, water, energy, mining/metals sectors. With
T: 603.893.9944 T: 732.661.0555 65 offices and 10,000 staff worldwide, Hatch has 21
offices and 1,000 staff in the US. We have deep roots
in the North American tunneling industry for 65 years.
Hatch has designed and delivered complex tunnels and

22 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

 EXHIBITORS

underground infrastructure projects such as LA Region-
al Connector, Minneapolis Central City Parallel Tunnel,
Niagara Tunnel, Lesotho Highlands Water, Scarborough
Subway Extension, Ashbridges Bay Outfall, and Ke-
manoT2. We are passionately committed to the pursuit
of a better world through POSITIVE CHANGE.
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Consulting Engineers
Consulting Environmental
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Main Office
1600 W Carson St, Ste 1
Pittsburgh, PA 15219 United States of America
Phone: (412) 497-2000
www.hatch.com
EQUIPMENT
solutions to infrastructure problems nationwide. The
firm has a long history in design and engineering ser-
SOLUTIONS
vices for tunnels and underground construction. HNTB
has completed award-winning projects on some of the
countrys most complex projects, including highway,
transit, rail, aviation and water resources. HNTB’s ex-
perts have the insight and knowledge to provide state
of the art innovative solutions to tunneling challenges,
from small diameter excavations to designing the larg-
est bored tunnel in the world (Alaskan Way Tunnel)--
utilizing both conventional tunneling methods (sequen-
tial excavation) or mechanized tunneling for variety of
ground conditions.
Products & Services
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment
Tunnel Haulage Systems
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment

Main Office
350th 5th Ave, 57th Flr
Empire State Building
New York, NY 10118 United States of America
Phone: (212) 294-7567
Email: szlatanic@hntb.com
www.hntb.com

Herrenknecht Tunnelling HOBAS Pipe USA

Systems USA, Inc Booth 706
See our ad on Inside Front Cover Hobas pipes are centrifugally cast, fiberglass-rein-
forced, polymer mortar (CCFRPM) pipe, they are inher-
Booth 900
Herrenknecht is a technology and market leader in
ently corrosion resistant and last 100 years or more. Kelley Engineered
Engineers and contractors regularly select Hobas pipe
the area of mechanized tunnelling technology. Her-
for all its performance features: light weight, high Equipment LLC
renknecht is the only company worldwide to deliver
cutting-edge tunnel boring machines for all ground
strength, ease of installation, leak-free push together provides engineering
joints and adaptability to most installation methods
conditions and in all diameters – ranging from 0.10
including open cut, sliplining, jacking, microtunneling, support and custom
to 19 meters. The product range includes tailor-made
machines for traffic, supply and disposal tunnels,
two-pass tunnel, casing carrier and above ground. equipment design for
Non-pressure and pressure classes are manufactured
technologies for pipeline installation as well as drilling
in diameters from 18 to 126 inches. your most challenging
equipment for vertical and inclined shafts and deep
drilling rigs. As reliable partner, Herrenknecht supports underground projects.
its customers with an extensive range of services from
Products & Services
Underground Utility Materials and Operations
the initial project idea through manufacturing, trans-
Wastewater Management Products PROFESSIONAL
port, assembly, tunnelling support, spare parts service
Water Treatment Plant and Materials ENGINEERING SERVICES
to disassembly.
Main Office CONCEPTUAL DESIGN TO
Products & Services FIELD SERVICE
1413 E Richey Rd
Earth Pressure Balance Machines
Houston, TX 77073 United States of America
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies SPECIALIZED FABRICATION,
Phone: (281) 821-2200
Rock TBM’s ASSEMBLY & SHOP TESTING
Email: eboudreaux@hobaspipe.com
Shaft Drilling and Raiseboring Equipment
www.hobaspipe.com SITE SPECIFIC ENGINEERING
Soft Ground Shields
Tunnel Boring Equipment SUPPORT
HyperSciences, Inc
Main Office Booth 801 www.keellc.com
1613 132nd Ave E, Ste 200
tyler.sandell@keellc.com
Sumner, WA 98390 United States of America
+1 206 412 4234
Phone: (253) 447-2300 Products & Services
www.herrenknecht.com Drilling Services and Equipment
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
PROUD PARTNERS OF
HNTB Corp Tunnel Boring Equipment
See our ad on p. 25
Booth 913 Main Office
With 3800 professionals, HNTB is a leader in providing 2311 E Main Ave, Ste 200
Spokane, WA 99202 United States of America

SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 23

EXHIBITORS
Phone: (509) 443-5746
Email: molly@hypersciences.com
www.hypersciences.com
HYTORC
Booth 824
HYTORC makes the world’s most trusted industrial
bolting systems. With over 50 years of experience,
our team specializes in providing the most efficient
solutions for your toughest bolting jobs. For custom
projects, our highly-experienced engineering team will
design a solution tailored to your needs with guaran-
teed improvements in safety, speed and accuracy.
On-site service and preventative maintenance ensures
your equipment is always ready when you need it. Visit
hytorc.com/world for your nearest HYTORC bolting spe-
cialist.
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
Safety Products
Main Office
333 NJ-17 N
Mahwah, NJ 07430 United States of America
Phone: (201) 512-9500
Email: info@hytorc.com
www.hytorc.com
Innovative Wireless
Technologies
See our ad on p. 27
Booth 614
Innovative Wireless Technologies, Inc. (IWT) is the lead-
ing supplier of wireless communication and tracking
systems for underground applications. IWT’s SENTI-
NEL™ system is easy to install and maintain and pro-
vides crystal clear voice communications for maximum
productivity and low cost of ownership. Continuous
tracking is also supported – all in one system. IWT of-
fers line-powered, battery backed-up, mesh network-
ing infrastructure for long term construction projects,
or battery-powered infrastructure for shorter term in-
spections. In either case, IWT equipment is 100% re-
coverable and reusable once the project is completed.
Products & Services
Environmental Control Equipment and Supplies
Safety Products
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment
Main Office
1100 Main St
Lynchburg, VA 24504 United States of America
Phone: (434) 316-5230
www.iwtwireless.com
24 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
IoT Automation
Booth 703
IoT Automation proudly owns the FireFly Smart Lighting
System. FireFly enables Real Time Situational Aware-
ness in underground mines and tunnels through con-
necting current safety and productivity solutions to the
Smart Lighting network. The FireFly System reinforces
safety procedures in the event of emergencies such as
seismic events, gas leaks, fires, ground movement, and
other mine/tunnel-wide emergencies. FireFly is pur-
posely built for underground mining and tunneling—
utilising industry-standard cabling and connectors and
IP66 rated modules, the FireFly System is IoT-enhanced
through onboard Wi-Fi and Bluetooth radios for wire-
less device integration such as asset tracking and
proximity alerts.
Products & Services
Control Systems
Environmental Control Equipment and Supplies
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Lighting Systems
Safety Products
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment
Main Office
1624 Market St, Ste 202
Denver, CO 80202 United States of America
Phone: (720) 446-6603
Email: m.brown@iotautomation.com.au
www.iotautomation.com.au
Ischebeck USA Inc
Booth 615
Ischebeck USA Inc. is the North American subsidiary
of the German Friedr. Ischebeck GmbH , well known
throughout the construction industry as innovators
in formwork, trenching and geotechnical solutions.
Founded in 1881, it’s owned and operated today by the
fifth Ischebeck generation. Ischebeck USA Inc. was in-
corporated in 2009. With support from our parent com-
pany, we are able offer original, high quality solutions
that are manufactured in the United States. Contact us
directly for information and material purchasing for our
domestic hollow bar anchors!
Products & Services
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Rock Drills
Steel Pipe
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
3050 Horseshoe Dr N, Ste 275
Naples, FL 34104 United States of America
Phone: (239) 316-2049
Email: info@ischebeckusa.com
www.ischebeckusa.com
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
J.H. Fletcher & Co
See our ad on p. 29
Booth 1006
Since 1937, Fletcher has been engineering and man-
ufacturing custom solutions for underground mining.
Today, Fletcher products expand into a variety of in-
dustries. Through the decades, Fletcher has operated
with a singular vision: to work with a vigilant focus on
finding ways to improve mining and industrial process-
es and reducing risk for the people who work in those
industries.
Products & Services
Mining Equipment
Rock Drills
Scaling
Main Office
402 High St
Huntington, WV 25705 United States of America
Phone: (304) 525-7811
Email: sales@jhfletcher.com
www.jhfletcher.com
JCK Underground, Inc
Booth 817
JCK Underground provides Owner Advisor, Engineer-
ing and Construction Management services for tun-
nel and underground projects. We deliver public and
private project owners and consultants specialized
underground expertise and support throughout the en-
tire project life cycle, including early planning, design,
procurement, construction and asset management. Our
experts have spent entire careers in the underground
and tunneling business as planners, designers, con-
struction managers, and contractors. This breadth of
varied experience and resources help our clients prop-
erly manage the risks associated with implementing
their program.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Main Office
25 Dorchester Ave, #51549
Boston, MA 02205 United States of America
Phone: (781) 454-9858
Email: jordan@jckunderground.com
jckunderground.com
JENNMAR Civil
See our ad on p. 31
Booth 105
JENNMAR Civil is committed to supplying goods and
services to the Civil Construction and Tunneling indus-
tries. We have integrated JENNMAR mining products
into our civil, tunneling, and geotechnical services.
We manufacture products in over twenty strategically
Tom Lantos Tunnels
California

Beyond Tunnel Vision

Delivering innovative and inclusive

solutions for our cities and communities.
HNTB’s experts have the insight and knowledge to provide innovative solutions to
a wide range of tunnels, including cut-and-cover and bored tunnels, conventional
tunneling by SEM, immersed tube tunnels, shaft construction and micro-tunneling.
Our long history in planning, program management, design, construction management
and technical services for tunnel and complex underground structures include award-
winning solutions on some of the country’s most challenging transportation projects.

Sanja Zlatanic Raymond Sandiford

Chair, National Tunnel Practice National Tunnel Practice Lead — East The HNTB Companies
szlatanic@hntb.com rsandiford@hntb.com
Infrastructure Solutions
(646) 652-9440 (917) 710-3395
hntb.com
Mark Stephani Mike Wongkaew
National Tunnel Practice Lead — Central National Tunnel Practice Lead — West
mstephani@hntb.com mwongkaew@hntb.com
(917) 334-2731 (425) 389-2281
EXHIBITORS
located manufacturing facilities, ideally positioning us
to satisfy our clients’ industrial fabrication demands. In
addition, we have formed strategic alliances that en-
able us to provide turn-key ground support solutions
in the civil and geo-tech industries. We offer Steel Tun-
nel Ribs, Shaft Rings, Steel Sets, Lattice Girders, Rock
Bolts, Liner Plate, Resin, Rail, Rail Ties, Rail Hardware,
Ventilation, Cementitious & Chemical Grouts.
Products & Services
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Rail Products
Shaft Drilling and Raiseboring Equipment
Steel Pipe
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
Main Office
258 Kappa Dr
Pittsburgh, PA 15238 United States of America
Phone: (412) 963-9071
www.jennmar.com
Kayden Industries
Booth 414
Main Office
734 Conroe Park North Dr
Conroe, TX 77303 United States of America
Phone: (281) 907-1488
Email: Sales@kaydenindustries.com
kaydenindustries.com
Keller
See our ad on Outside Back Cover
Booth 305
Facing challenging subsurface conditions is a familiar
scenario for tunneling contractors, and as the leading
geotechnical specialty contractor, Keller has provided
solutions to these challenges for almost 100 years. Our
solutions for tunneling include diaphragm walls, ground
freezing, secant piles, dewatering, jet, permeation and
compensation grouting, and instrumentation and mon-
itoring. By connecting global resources and expertise
with local knowledge and focus, Keller develops in-
novative, practical, and cost-effective solutions to ge-
otechnical challenges. Keller builds projects designed
by others and offers full design-build services for any
geotechnical construction application.
Products & Services
Ground Freezing
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Jet Grouting Equipment and Services
Shaft Drilling and Raiseboring Equipment
Slurry Services and Machines
Main Office
7550 Teague Rd, Ste 300
Hanover, MD 21076 United States of America
Phone: (410) 551-8200
www.keller-na.com
26 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Line Power
Booth 211
Custom electrical power distribution and control prod-
ucts including portable substations, power centers,
vacuum circuit breaker switch houses, longwall con-
trols, belt and pump starters, transformers. Custom
electrical controls for TBMs.
Products & Services
Electrical - Generator-Motor, Wire-Cable
Mining Equipment
Main Office
115 Norfolk Ave
Bristol, VA 24201 United States of America
Phone: (276) 466-8200
Email: adver@linepower.com
www.linepower.com
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc
Booth 807
Malcolm Drilling Company, Inc. has for over 6 decades
been an innovator and leader in the deep foundation
industry. Malcolm’s list of core services as it relates
to tunneling and geotechnical construction includes
drilled shafts, support of excavation systems, cut-
off, slurry and secant pile walls, grouting techniques,
various soil mixing methods and dewatering. These
combined services have routinely been applied on nu-
merous complex tunneling projects throughout North
America. The company’s engineering experience facil-
itates design/build efficiency and allows for timely col-
laboration with owners and contractors. This delivery
system optimizes cost savings while offering inherent
scheduling advantages.
Products & Services
Drilling Services and Equipment
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Jet Grouting Equipment and Services
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Slurry Services and Machines
Main Office
92 Natoma St
San Francisco, CA 94105 United States of America
Phone: (415) 901-4400
www.malcolmdrilling.com
MAPEI Corp
See our ad on p. 33
Booth 415
MAPEIs Underground Tunneling Technology (UTT) cate-
gory offers a complete line of products and associated
technologies for use in and on underground construc-
tion projects, including shotcrete accelerators and ad-
mixtures for concrete, as well as products for injection
and consolidation, mechanized tunneling (TBM), engi-
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
neering and soil stabilization, coating and protection,
maintenance, repair and waterproofing.
Products & Services
Concrete Reinforcement
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Lubricants for TBM
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Slurry Services and Machines
Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials
Main Office
1144 E Newport Center Dr
Deerfield Beach, FL 33442 United States of America
Phone: (954) 246-8888
Email: w.morrison@utt.mapei.com
www.utt.mapei.com/
Master Builders Solutions
Booth 304
Through its Master Builders Solutions brand, BASF is a
leading supplier of underground construction solutions
that help tunneling customers to become more suc-
cessful, even in highly challenging ground conditions.
BASF has the largest range of products and services
available to meet needs and solve problems in TBM and
conventional tunneling, whether in soft ground or hard
rock conditions. We offer a full range of MasterRoc®
tunneling products such as soil conditioning foams and
polymers, anti-clay agents, tail sealants, anti-abrasion
agents, dust suppressants, bearing seal greases, EP2
greases and annulus grouts, plus product for sprayed
concrete and injection for ground consolidation.
Products & Services
Earth Pressure Balance Machines
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Lubricants for TBM
Precast Concrete Linings
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Main Office
23700 Chagrin Blvd
Beachwood, OH 44122 United States of America
Phone: (216) 839-7500
Email: admixtures@mbcc-group.com
www.master-builders-solutions.com/EN-US
McDowell Equipment Ltd
Booth 708
McDowell can supply brand NEW and LATE model tun-
nelling equipment for Rental or Sales. Our rental fleet
consists of Underground Loaders(LHD) ½ yd to 10 yd,
Underground Haul Trucks from 7 ton to 40 ton, low pro-
file Motor Graders, Jumbo Drills with one, two or three
booms, Underground Remixers, Locomotives , Muck
cars. We manufacture Shotecrete machines, Scissor
lifts , Anfo loaders, Personnel carriers. We can also of-
fer fully re-manufactured or reconditioned equipment at
significant savings from new with Fast delivery times.
Products & Services
Concrete Mixing and Transportation Equipment
Drilling Services and Equipment
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
Mining Equipment
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
RELIABLE, REUSABLE
Wireless Communications
Tracking and Data

• Wireless: no cables to install or repair

• Clear voice, tracking, text and data
• Gas and atmospheric monitoring
• AC or battery powered
• 100% equipment reusability
• Ideal for construction or inspections

Ask about our rental program.

Visit us at the
North American Tunneling Conference
Booth 614, or start the conversation today at
iwtwireless.com
EXHIBITORS
Rock Drills
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Tunnel Haulage Systems
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
Underground Locomotives and Rail Haulage Equipment
Main Office
2018 Kingsway
Sudbury, ON P3B 4J8 Canada
Phone: (705) 566-8190
Email: sales@bmcdowell.com
www.bmcdowell.com
McMillen Jacobs Associates
See our ad on p. 28
Booth 901
McMillen Jacobs Associates is an employee-owned
engineering and construction firm serving the heavy
civil, underground, and water resource markets. We
offer comprehensive design, design-build, self-per-
forming construction and construction management
capabilities. Our services include environmental stud-
ies, licensing, permitting, hydraulics, hydrology, and
dam safety, as well as civil, structural, geotechnical,
mechanical, and electrical engineering. We also pro-
vide claims and dispute resolution services. McMillen
Jacobs Associates maintains offices covering North
America and Australasia.
Main Office
Products & Services
10385 Drummond Rd
Consulting Engineers
Philadelphia, PA 19154 United States of America
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Phone: (215) 824-4987
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
www.messingerbearings.com
Main Office
49 Stevenson St, #1200
San Francisco, CA 94105 United States of America
Michels Corp
See our ad on p. 30
Phone: (415) 434-1822
Email: info@mcmjac.com
Booth 409
Michels is an industry-leading utility contractor. A sam-
www.mcmjac.com
pling of our deep foundation services for tunneling con-
sist of design/build of a multitude of ERS systems, soil
Messinger Bearings nails, secant piles, soldier piles, tiebacks, grouting, and
Booth 214 steel sheeting. Michels has the experience in a variety
Surpassing 100 years, Messinger Bearings is one of an of tunneling techniques, including Earth Pressure Bal-
elite few companies in the world capable of produc- ance Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM), hard rock TBMs,
conventional drill blast tunneling, sequential excavation
ing large (up to 25 feet in diameter), custom-designed
methods (SEM), remote-controlled tunneling systems
bearings in limited quantities for tunnel boring ma-
and microtunneling.
chines (TBMs). In fact, Messinger focuses on manufac-
turing new and expert repairing of large custom bear-
Products & Services
ings in low volumes for special applications. Messinger
Construction - Contracting Services
goes above and beyond supplying just the bearing,
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
offering complete solutions (field inspection, bearing
storage tanks, etc.). With Messingers expanding core
Main Office
of expertise and experience, its customers can expect
817 Main St
a quick response, unparalleled application support and
Brownsville, WI 53006 United States of America
timely delivery to better support the tunnel market.
Phone: (920) 583-3132
Products & Services www.michels.us
Tunnel Boring Equipment

SAY HELLO!
DURING ONE OF THE 16 PAPERS WE ARE PRESENTING
AT THE NORTH AMERICAN TUNNELING CONFERENCE

VISIT US AT BOOTH 901

MCMJAC.COM

28 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

 85 YEARS OF
SOLUTIONS.
Since 1937, Fletcher has been answering some of underground
mining’s toughest questions. At Fletcher we provide more than
solutions, we provide an atmosphere for an open dialogue with cus-
tomers to ensure their operations are reaching maximum efficiency.
Fletcher provides lifetime support through an experienced, knowl-
edgable team of sales staff, engineers and field service technicans.
Is your operation facing obstacles that mass produced equipment
isn’t addressing? Get your custom solution started today. Learn
more at www.jhfletcher.com

Built on Answers.
®

304.525.7811 MANUFACTURED IN
800.543.5431 HUNTINGTON, WV

FOLLOW OUR SOCIALS: J.H. Fletcher & Co. cannot anticipate every mine hazard that may develop during use of these products. Follow your mine plan and/or roof control plan prior to use of the product. Proper use, mainte-
@FLETCHERMININGEQUIPMENT nance and continued use of (OEM) original equipment parts will be essential for maximum operating results. 2022 J.H. Fletcher & Co. All Rights reserved.
EXHIBITORS

MILLER
See our ad on p. 35
Booth 607
MILLER is a family owned and operated company that
was founded in 2001. We started out doing residen-
tial, light commercial, and agricultural concrete. With
our location in the Illinois Coal Basin, we soon had
opportunities to do projects in coal mines. Since then
we have shifted our focus entirely to the industrial and
mining sectors. Today we have projects across the
United States in all types of mining. This includes salt,
limestone, trona, frac sand, and coal mines, as well as
heavy industrial construction for aluminum plants and
other manufacturing facilities.
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Hoists and Headframes
Shaft Drilling and Raiseboring Equipment
Main Office
9580 IL 13
Carrier Mills, IL 62917 United States of America
Phone: (618) 994-4616
Email: miller@millercontracting.us
millercontracting.us
Mining Equipment Ltd
See our ad on p. 32
Booth 914
Mining Equipment has been supplying the mining and
tunneling industries with quality rebuilt underground
equipment for more than 30 years. The business has
grown to encompass new ventilation equipment, Je-
tair fans, and new rolling stock, C.S. Card and Moran
Engineering. Mining Equipment, Jetair and Mine Hoists
International are currently doing business in North and
South America, Australia, Asia, Africa and Europe.
Products & Services
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
Main Office
484 Turner Dr, Ste 201C
Durango, CO 81303 United States of America
Phone: (970) 259-0412
Email: info@miningequipmentltd.com
www.miningequipmentltd.com
Minova
Booth 711
Products & Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Mining Equipment
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
150 Summer Crt
Georgetown, KY 40324 United States of America
Phone: (502) 868-6251
Email: globalmarketing@minovaglobal.com
www.minovaglobal.com
Mott MacDonald
Booth 104
Mott MacDonald provides tunnel design and engi-
neering solutions for rail and transit, road, water/
wastewater conveyance, CSO storage, and cable and
communications. With a reputation for technical excel-
lence, Mott MacDonald identifies practical approaches
to tunneling, equipment selection and contracting ap-
proaches. Expertise includes soft ground and rock tun-
neling, cut and cover, underground caverns, immersed
tube tunnels, jacked tunnels, and microtunneling. Com-
plementary skills in technical areas include tunnel re-
habilitation, ground stabilization and treatment, tunnel
systems, ventilation, and life safety and security. With
16,000 employees worldwide, Mott MacDonald is one
of the world’s largest employee-owned companies.

Products & Services

Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment

Main Office


111 Wood Ave S
Iselin, NJ 08830 United States of America
Phone: (800) 832-3272
Email: americas@mottmac.com
www.mottmac.com

MSP Structures Inc

Booth 314

Products & Services

Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Precast Concrete Linings
Segment Accessories
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
EOE/AA/M/F/D/V

Infrastructure. Delivered. Main Office

Whether building new or maintaining existing, we enhance North 162 Cowie St, Ste 100
America’s infrastructure. It takes strength, adaptability, and the Granby, QC J2G 3V3 Canada
alignment of your goals and ours.
Phone: (450) 558-7141
Challenging projects require the dedication and skill of true pioneers. Email: info@mspstructures.com
That’s what we deliver. An Energy & Infrastructure Contractor
www.mspstructures.com
www.Michels.us

30 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

 VISIT US AT BOOTH #105

NAT2022
NORTH AMERICAN
JUNE 19-22, 2022
PHILADELPHIA, PA
TUNNELING CONFERENCE

DEMANDING CONDITIONS

DEMAND JENNMAR.
JENNMAR Civil is committed to supplying goods and services
to the Civil Construction and Tunneling industries. We have
integrated JENNMAR mining products into our civil, tunneling,
and geotechnical services. We manufacture goods in over twenty
strategically located manufacturing facilities, ideally positioning us
to satisfy our clients’ industrial fabrication demands. In addition, we
have formed strategic alliances that enable us to provide turn-key
ground support solutions in the civil and geo-tech industries.
We offer Steel Tunnel Ribs, Shaft Rings, Steel Sets, Lattice
Girders, Rock Bolts, Liner Plate, Resins, Rail, Rail Ties, Rail
Hardware, Ventilation, Cementitious, Chemical Grouts,
and more. Whether mining, rehabbing, or re-supporting
transportation, water, wastewater, or infrastructure tunnels,
Jennmar Civil is backed by experienced engineers and
technicians who are with you every step of the way, from initial
consultation to qualified instruction and ongoing technical
support to make your project a success!

G LO B A L H E A D Q UA R T E R S • (41 2 ) - 9 6 3 - 9 07 1 • P I T T S B U R G H , PA U S A • W W W. J E N N M A R . CO M

For more information on our portfolio of diverse and complementary brands visit us at www.jennmar.com.
EXHIBITORS

Naylor Pipe Co Products & Services

Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
See our ad on p. 36
Booth 1008 Main Office
Naylor Pipe is manufactured in accordance with ASTM
2400 Ansys Dr, Ste 303
A-139 and ASTM A-211 specifications. Diameters from
Canonsburg, PA 15317 United States of America
4” to 96”, and thicknesses from 1/16” to 1/2”. Also
Phone: (412) 221-4500
available are the necessary fittings and connections
www.nicholsonconstruction.com
including the exclusive Naylor Heavy Duty Wedgelock
Couplings to complete your pipe system.
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Normet Americas, Inc
Engineers PLLC Products & Services See our ad on p. 37
See our ad on p. 34 Steel Pipe Booth 507
Normet provides solutions for selected, demanding
Booth 611 Main Office customer processes in underground mining and tunnel-
1230 E 92nd St ing. For 50 years Normet has developed, manufactured
Chicago, IL 60619 United States of America and marketed equipment and vehicles for underground
Products & Services Phone: (773) 721-9400 applications. In addition, it provides a comprehensive
Construction - Contracting Services Email: sales@naylorpipe.com range of life time care services e.g. maintenance, ser-
Consulting Engineers www.naylorpipe.com vice programs and spare parts. Normet offers solutions
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
for the following underground customer processes:
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Ground Freezing Nicholson Construction Co concrete spraying and transport, explosive charging,
lifting and installation, underground logistics and scal-
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services Booth 308 ing. For concrete spraying and transport, Normet pro-
Founded in 1955, Nicholson is a leader in geotechnical vides equipment, comprehensive range of construction
Main Office construction, providing a wide range of deep founda- chemicals and support for the whole application.
14 Penn Plaza, 225 W 34th St tion, earth retention and ground treatmentservices
New York, NY 10122 United States of America on projects throughout the United States. For tunnels, Products & Services
Phone: (917) 339-9300 Nicholson constructs access shafts with diaphragm Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Email: mhuguet@mrce.com walls and jet grout columns and the company supports Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
www.mrce.com operations with a wide variety of grouting and earth
retention techniques. Nicholson has offices around the
country to address each region’s unique geotechnical
construction needs.

IF IT
ROLLS ON RAILS,
WE’VE GOT YOU COVERED.

Completely rebuilt and repowered Plymouth 25 ton locomotive, flat cars and
muck cars work on SAK’s Deer Creek project in St. Louis, Missouri.

LOCOMOTIVES
ROLLING STOCK
HEAD OFFICE
+1 (970) 259-0412 JETAIR VENTILATION SYSTEMS
EUROPEAN OFFICE MINE HOISTS & STAGE WINCHES
+49 (6061) 97969-30 METALLIANCE MSVs
MININGEQUIPMENTLTD.COM (NORTH AMERICAN, GERMAN DEALER)

32 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

 Proven
Proven
Proven Technology
Technology
Technology for
for for
Underground
Underground
Underground
Construction
Construction
Construction

Ourcommitment
commitment
Our commitment
Our isisthe
is the detailthethat
detail
detail thatmakes
makes
that makes
the thedifference.
difference.
difference.
the
Reliable technology and expertise for underground construction
Reliable technology
Reliable technology
and expertise
and expertise
for underground
for underground
construction
construction
• Alkali-free set accelerators and admixtures for shotcrete
• Alkali-free•set
Alkali-free
accelerators
set accelerators
and admixtures
and admixtures
for shotcretefor shotcrete
• Products for mechanized tunneling: foaming agents for soil conditioning, polymers, sealants and lubricants
• Products • forProducts
mechanized
for mechanized
tunneling: foaming
tunneling:
agents
foaming
for soil
agents
conditioning,
for soil conditioning,
polymers, sealants
polymers,
andsealants
lubricants
and lubricants
• Products for grouting and consolidation
• Products • forProducts
groutingfor
andgrouting
consolidation
and consolidation
• Products for concrete repairing, protection and coating
• Products • forProducts
concreteforrepairing,
concreteprotection
repairing,and
protection
coating and coating
• Products for waterproofing: synthetic waterproofing membranes and waterproofing accessories
• Products • forProducts
waterproofing:
for waterproofing:
synthetic waterproofing
synthetic waterproofing
membranesmembranes
and waterproofing
and waterproofing
accessoriesaccessories
Discover the world of MAPEI: Visit www.utt-mapei.com or email us at hq.utt@utt.mapei.com
Discover the
Discover
world of
theMAPEI:
world Visit
of MAPEI:
www.utt-mapei.com
Visit www.utt-mapei.com
or email usoratemail
hq.utt@utt.mapei.com
us at hq.utt@utt.mapei.com
EXHIBITORS
Main Office Main Office Email: info@palmierigroup.com
1414 Gladiola St, Ste 100 27055 Ohio Ave NE www.palmierigroup.com
Salt Lake City, UT 84104 United States of America Kingston, WA 98346 United States of America
Phone: (801) 596-4700 Phone: (360) 297-3035 Parsons
www.normet.com www.nwlett.org
Booth 316
Parsons (NYSE: PSN) is a leading disruptive technology
Palmieri S.p.A. provider for the future of critical infrastructure, global
Booth 811 defense, and intelligence. Our expertise in engineer-
With over 40 years of experience in the manufactur- ing, construction, technical, and management services
ing of Tunneling and Drilling parts and consumables, allows us to provide innovative, alternative delivery
Palmieri is known as one of the most experienced and methods to customers worldwide. We provide ground-
specialized group of companies worldwide. Design and breaking solutions to some of the largest, most com-
production of either rolling and fixed tools for any type plex tunnel and underground construction projects in
of excavation; from horizontal boring (Tunnels for roads, the world. From planning and design through construc-
railways and water) to vertical boring and drilling. En- tion management and operations, Parsons provides a
gineering development, manufacturing, refurbishment complete range of services for underground utilities,
and rental of underground equipment such as TBMs, water storage, wastewater, and transportation tunnels,
Northwest Laborers-Employers Raise Boring Machines, Microtunnelling/Pipejacking as well as underground buildings. Learn more at par-
sons.com/tunnel.
Training Trust equipment, Cutterheads, Back-Up systems, Rolling
Stock, as well as innovative and non-conventional
See our ad on p. 39 Products & Services
solutions for all the above mentioned business sectors.
Booth 515 Construction - Contracting Services
The Safety and Hazard Awareness for Tunnels (SHAFT) Products & Services Consulting Engineers
courses are designed to teach skills for working safely Drilling Services and Equipment Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
in tunnels constructed using a tunnel boring machine Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
(TBM). The program was developed by the Northwest Rock Drills Underground Excavation Services and Equipment
Laborers-Employers Training Trust with input and Rock TBM’s
consultation from several organizations. In addition to Shaft Drilling and Raiseboring Equipment Main Office
classroom lecture and discussion, participants have the Tunnel Boring Equipment 5875 Trinity Pkwy, Ste 300
experience of training in a simulated, lifelike tunneling Centreville, VA 20120 United States of America
environment. Tunneling and Underground Main Office Construction Phone: (248) 513-2391
Email: steve.minassian@parsons.com
Products & Services 2022 - NAT Show issue n.58
Via dell’Industria
www.parsons.com
Gaggio Montano, BO 40041 Italy
Educational Phone: +39 053432511
Promat International NV
Booth 909
Design Solutions for Tunnels & Shafts Passive fire protection solutions manufactured and
supplied globally for transportation tunnels, bridges,
Soft Ground & Rock Tunnels • Shafts • Ground Freezing limited access highways, ventilation corridors, ca-
Underpinning • Excavation Support • Tunnel Rehabilitation ble trays, immersion and expansion joint protection,
Microtunneling & HDD • Instrumentation & Monitoring
access utility corridors, and architectural decroative
Construction Evaluation • Utilidors
tunnel linings. Tunnel Fire Protection Products: PRO-
MATECT®-TF-X, PROMATECT®-T, PROMATECT®-H,
See us
at NAT PROMASPRAY®-F5, PROMASEAL®-WF, PROMA-
Booth 6 2022! TECT®-TF-X Deco Panel. All fire protection products
11
have undergone full scale testing and meet NFPA-502
and all international standards, regulations and recom-
mendations for fire protection of tunnel structures.

Products & Services

Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials

Main Office
1731 Fred Lawson Dr
Maryville, TN 37801 United States of America
CSX Virginia Avenue Tunnel Reconstruction Phone: (423) 646-1071
Washington DC Email: larry.degraff@etexgroup.com
www.promat.com/en-us/tunnels/

PSC Crane and Rigging

Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers
New York City | Philadelphia | Washington, DC
MRCE.com
Booth 822
As a single-source supplier in the transportation, rig-
ging, and tunnel boring machines, setting of transform-
PLLC ers, generators, turbines, vessels, structures, and more,
PSC is steadfastly committed to planning, project man-
agement, and jobsite safety.

34 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

MILLER
MILLER is a family owned and operated company that
was founded in 2001. We started out doing residential,
light commercial, and agricultural concrete. With our
location in the Illinois Coal Basin, we soon had opportu-
nities to do projects in coal mines. Since then we have
shifted our focus entirely to the industrial and mining
sectors. Today we have projects across the United
States, reaching 21 states but are always looking to
add states and countries and are in all types of mining!
This includes salt, limestone, trona, frac sand, and coal mines, as well
as heavy industrial construction for aluminum plants and other manu-
facturing facilities.
Our high quality contracting services include: shafts, fans, hoisting,
complete portals, foundations, and declines. As well as custom pro-
jects to meet each customers particular needs. We are an inno-
vative company that approaches each project with an out-of-the
box attitude aimed at efficiency, higher quality, added value, and
safer job sites.
Our most important resource is our people and and we believe there is no “I” in “Team”.

for more information please visit our website: millercontracting.us

EXHIBITORS
Products & Services
Construction - Contracting Services
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Hoists and Headframes
Underground Locomotives and Rail Haulage Equipment
Main Office
4243 W US Route 36
Piqua, OH 45356 United States of America
Phone: (888) 778-3632
Email: Sales@pscind.com
www.pscind.com
Renesco Inc
Booth 702
Established in 1965, Renesco has developed from a lo-
cal Swiss tunnel sealing company to an internationally
recognized specialist for the execution of waterproofing
and grouting solutions for all kinds of underground, hy-
draulic, civil and environment structures. #Specialized
Geomembrane installer #Sheet Waterproofing PVC-P,
TPO/FPO, HDPE, Water and Frost Protection #Spray ap-
plied/ Liquide applied Waterproofing #Compensation,
Permeation and Contact Grouting, Ground Stabilization
#Curtain injection, injections into hard and unconsoli-
dated rock #Specialized Drilling Services #Controlling,
Monitoring and Data Management.
36 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Products & Services Main Office
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials 504 N Maple
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials Janesville, IA 50647 United States of America
Phone: (319) 987-2976
Main Office www.richway.com
3935 Avion Park Ct, Ste A106
Chantilly, VA 20151 United States of America
Phone: (703) 657-2800
Robbins
www.renesco.com Booth 205
Robbins has led the tunneling industry for 70 years with
advanced, underground construction equipment. Rob-
Richway Industries bins machines are customized to meet each project’s
Booth 516 unique specifications, delivering optimal results in the
Richway Industries is the premier manufacturer of most difficult conditions. Robbins is a total supply
equipment and foam concentrate for the production company with offerings that range from machines and
of cellular concrete. With equipment capable of pro- conveyors that overcome tunneling challenges in hard
ducing up to 100 yards per hour, it’s ASTM C869 foam rock and soft ground to knowledgeable field service
concentrate, and over 40 years of foam generation and personnel. For a complete solution and unparalleled
manufacturing experience, Richway can help with all support on your next tunneling project, look no further
of your cellular concrete needs. Because foam con- than Robbins.
centrate formulation & production, as well equipment
design & production, are done in our own facility, we Products & Services
can also provide solutions for other aspects of your Conveyor Equipment and Systems
business. Richway knows foam and equipment. Earth Pressure Balance Machines
Mining Equipment
Products & Services Rock TBM’s
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials Soft Ground Shields
Tunnel Boring Equipment Tunnel Boring Equipment
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Underground Excavation Services and Equipment Main Office
29100 Hall St
Solon, OH 44139 United States of America
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
 EXHIBITORS
Phone: (440) 248-3303
Email: sales@robbinstbm.com Rocvent Inc Products & Services
Drilling Services and Equipment
www.RobbinsTBM.com Booth 826
Main Office
Rocscience, Inc Products & Services
2320 River Rd
Clark Fork, ID 83811 United States of America
Booth 115 Dust and Fume Control Technology Phone: (209) 988-4261
Rocscience develops geotechnical software used Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment www.ruendrilling.com
worldwide by over 6,000 companies and universities
in over 130 countries. The suite of programs includes Main Office
slope stability, settlement and consolidation, stress 3696 Industrial Rd
analysis, support design, and underground modeling. Chelmsford, ON P0M-1L0 Canada
Created by experienced engineer-developers, Roc- Phone: (705) 692-5854
science’s high-quality programs enable users to save Email: info@rocvent.com
time and money when designing solutions in both soil www.rocvent.com
and rock.

Products & Services Ruen Drilling, Inc
Computer Hardware and Software Booth 110
Ruen Drilling provides drilling services including sur-
Main Office face, underground, and horizontal directional core
54 St Patrick St drilling for the geotechnical, exploration and geother-
Rocscience mal industries throughout the U.S., South America and
Toronto, ON M5T1V1 Canada Asia. Drilling equipment includes truck, track, skid, and
Phone: (416) 698-8217 helicopter supported core drills. Rig capacities are to
www.rocscience.com 10,000 ft. vertical or angle and 3,000 ft. horizontal.
Crews are all trained in achieving a high degree of core
recovery for the client. Recent projects include: Dev-
ils Slide Tunnel, Irvington Tunnel, Caldecott Tunnel 4th
bore, Route 9 Tunnel in Hong Kong, Highway 53 Tun-
nel in Puerto Rico, White Sands Missile Range and Mt.
Olympus Pipeline No. 6.
Sandvik Mining and Rock
Solutions
See our ad on p. 41
Booth 208
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions and Sandvik Rock
Processing Solutions are business areas within the
Sandvik Group. Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions
is a global leading supplier of equipment and tools,
parts, service, digital solutions, and sustainability-driv-
ing technologies for the mining and construction in-
dustries. Application areas include rock drilling, rock
cutting, loading and hauling, tunneling, and quarrying.
Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions is a leading sup-
plier of equipment, tools, parts, service and solutions
for processing rock and minerals in the mining and

SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 37

EXHIBITORS
construction industries. Applications include crushing,
screening, breaking, and demolition.
Products & Services
Drilling Services and Equipment
Mining Equipment
Roadheaders
Rock Drills
Main Office
3200 Highlands Pkwy SE, Ste 200
Smyrna, GA 30082 United States of America
Phone: (470) 271-1000
rocktechnology.sandvik
Schnabel Engineering
Booth 830
Founded in 1956, Schnabel Engineering is an ENR Top
500 Design Firm, providing specialized expertise and
design for geotechnical, dam, and tunnel engineering
projects across the United States and worldwide. An
employee-owned company, with a 450+ workforce in
22 locations, Schnabel has worked in 150+ countries
since its founding 65 years ago. Our Tunnel Group offers
small-firm responsiveness backed by big-firm capabili-
ties, with expertise in Tunnel & Shaft Design, Segmental
Liner Design, Cavern Design, Modeling & Design Anal-
ysis, Risk Management, Construction Management,
Inspection & Rehabilitation, Mine Rehabilitation, Quarry
Conversion, Feasibility Studies, Alignment Optimization,
Geotechnical Assessment, Constructability Review, and
Cost Estimating.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Consulting Environmental
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Main Office
12720 Hillcrest Road, Ste 585
Dallas, TX 75230 United States of America
Phone: (972) 250-3322
Email: tunnels@schnabel-eng.com
www.schnabel-eng.com/services/tunnel-underground/
SEALABLE Solutions GmbH
(formerly Datwyler Sealing
Technology)
Booth 216
SEALABLE Solutions is the market leader with more
than 790 projects worldwide and 70 in North America
alone, we are regarded as a driving force for innovation
and above all as a pioneer in the tunnel industry. Our
product portfolio covers all type of gaskets from mono
EPDM, hydrophilic, Co-ex Swell/Composite Black Swell
and anchored gaskets. NEW are fiber anchored gas-
kets and patented reduced force anchored gaskets. We
are not just selling rubber; we are able to assist and
support with the tunnel design. Our partners whether
precasters, contractors, or consultants appreciate our
additional value to the projects.
38 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Products & Services
Precast Concrete Linings
Rail Products
Segment Accessories
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
Eisenacher Landstrasse 70
Waltershausen, Thuringia D-99880 Germany
Phone: (732) 763-6203
Email: peter.tiedemann@seal-able.com
www.seal-able.com
Shannon & Wilson, Inc
Booth 114
Since 1954, Shannon & Wilson has been a pioneer in
developing effective underground solutions to complex
site development problems. This includes exploration,
design, plans, specifications, construction manage-
ment and support on over 900 soil and rock tunnel
projects, ranging from trenchless to the world’s larg-
est diameter tunnels. Resources include more than
330 staff from the corporate headquarters in Seattle,
Washington, and 13 branch offices in Alaska, Califor-
nia, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Missouri, Oregon,
Utah and Wisconsin. Shannon & Wilson offers services
in geotechnical site evaluations, and assessments of
tunnels and related structures, groundwater and dewa-
tering, seismicity, instrumentation, environmental, and
natural resources.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Consulting Environmental
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Main Office
400 N 34th St, Ste 100
Seattle, WA 98103 United States of America
Phone: (206) 695-6794
Email: Red.Robinson@shanwil.com
www.shannonwilson.com
Shotcrete Technologies, Inc
Booth 407
STI has been providing innovative Shotcrete products
and services to the mining and tunneling industry for
over 30 years with our Shot-Tech Robotic Arm - mount-
ed on many types of carriers and our industry standard
STI Alkali Free and Shotset 250 Liquid Accelerators. STI
also has new shaft lining (vertical lining) technology.
STI’s knowledgeable team of professionals can pro-
vide everything from a Shotcrete System design, mix
design, to testing and training based on your specific
needs from mega projects to small mines.
Products & Services
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
PO Box 3274, 1431 Miner St
Idaho Springs, CO 80452 United States of America
Phone: (303) 567-4871
Email: info@shotcretetechnologies.com
www.shotcretetechnologies.com
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
Sika Corporation
Booth 701
Sika Corporation is a global specialty chemicals com-
pany with over 100 years of experience. Our Sika Shot-
crete, Tunneling and Mining (STM) team incorporates
the credibility of King Shotcrete with the global expe-
rience of Sika. Speak to one of our technical represen-
tatives today regarding our comprehensive portfolio of
products which include pre-packaged shotcrete, fibers,
liquid accelerator, grout, paste backfill, Sika® Aliva®
equipment, asset maintenance and infrastructure re-
pair. Sika specialists and our technical support team
can advise and help meet challenges with the right
solution.
Sika has subsidiaries in 101 countries with 25,000 em-
ployees and manufactures in over 300 factories.
Products & Services
Concrete Reinforcement
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Lubricants for TBM
Precast Concrete Linings
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials
Main Office
201 Polito Ave
Lyndhurst, NJ 07071 United States of America
Phone: (201) 933-8800
usa.sika.com
Simem Underground Solutions,
Inc
Booth 416
The team at Simem Underground Solutions has over
30 years experience providing fully automated mate-
rial handling systems for TBM bi-component grout, hy-
drated bentonite, lightweight cellular grout, shotcrete,
concrete, mining backfill. and water filtration. SUG
manufactures colloidal mixers, pumping and delivery
systems, as well as the automation and controls pack-
age. Concepts are specifically tailored to the customer’s
needs and include complete engineering, design and
fabrication of all mechanical, structural and electrical
systems. Services range from preliminary engineering
and case studies through to hands-on commissioning
and field training with complete CAD documentation
and support.
Products & Services
Concrete Mixing and Transportation Equipment
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Precast Concrete Linings
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Main Office
1A - 30528 Great Northern Ave
Abbotsford, BC V2T 6H4 Canada
Phone: (604) 621-7008
Email: information@simemug.com
www.simemug.com
 EXHIBITORS

SIXENSE SoilFreeze Inc Spendrup Fan Co/CFT

Booth 310
Sixense is a leading provider of automated real-time
instrumentation and monitoring for geotechnical, struc-
tural and environmental projects. With over 25 years
of international experience, Sixense has demonstrated
expertise in prominent urban tunnel projects in cities
including Seattle, Washington DC, Los Angeles, Norfolk,
Amsterdam, London, Budapest, Barcelona, Toronto,
Paris, Hong Kong and more.
Sixense has built its reputation on client care and tech-
nical expertise while performing work safely, with high
ethical standards and a constant environmental focus.
Sixense is a recognized partner, locally and internation-
ally, optimizing the value of small, medium and large
monitoring projects.
Need peace of mind? Call Sixense!
Products & Services
Computer Hardware and Software
Consulting Environmental
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Main Office
11812 N Creek Pkwy N, Ste 104
Bothell, WA 98011 United States of America
Phone: (206) 588-1691
Email: Inquiry-USA@sixense-group.com
www.sixense-group.com/en/
See our ad on p. 43
Booth 514
SoilFreeze Inc. provides temporary frozen soil shoring
systems to support excavations and provide ground-
water cut-off. Our technology can be used for; ground-
water cut-off, in situ-isolation barriers, foundation
excavation shoring, cross passages, adits, ground sta-
bilization, and more…
We design, fabricate, install and maintain customized
freeze systems for each client’s needs. We serve both
the private and public sectors and have a substantial
list of successful projects and satisfied clients. Soil-
Freeze Inc. has advanced and refined freeze technology
to create freeze systems that are mobile, reusable, and
expandable to address the needs of any sized project
and urban locations.
Products & Services
Ground Freezing
Main Office
5931 238th St SE, Ste 201
Woodinville, WA 98072 United States of America
Phone: (206) 261-0733
Email: info@soilfreeze.com
www.soilfreeze.com
Booth 816
Since 1968, Spendrup Fan Co. has designed and man-
ufactured quality vane axial fans and accessories for all
types of mining and industrial applications. Spendrup
fans are designed to withstand the harshest environ-
ments. Fan casings are made of 5/16” steel. Impeller
hubs are fabricated from mild steel. Impeller blades are
356-T6 hardness, to resist highly abrasive conditions.
Spendrup Fan Co. designs fans to meet client specifica-
tions. Spendrup Fan can meet client needs, from MSHA
Sch. 2-G, U/L approved explosion proof, marine duty, to
fans that provide trouble-free service in high-tempera-
ture or corrosive environments.
Products & Services
Dust and Fume Control Technology
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
Main Office
PO Box 4308
Grand Junction, CO 81502 United States of America
Phone: (970) 243-3429
www.spendrupfanco.com

Northwest Laborers Training

nwlett.edu/SHAFT

SHAFT was developed by the Northwest Laborers-Employers Training Trust

with input from a team of industry experts and stakeholders.
The SHAFT program provides quality, comprehensive safety training
for both new and experienced tunnel professionals.

The curriculum is comprised of a blend of classroom

discussion and use of materials and mockups in classes
focusing on all aspects of tunnel safety.

Our facility, located in Elma, Washington, features

a TBM mockup, loci, and access to 1,400’ of
12’ diameter tunnel, providing students with
a unique, interactive educational experience.

SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 39

EXHIBITORS
Stantec Main Office
Booth 908 3301 Zachary Ave
The Stantec community unites approximately 22,000 Shafter, CA 93263 United States of America
employees working in over 400 locations across six Phone: (855) 535-1555
continents. We have successfully delivered more than www.tbmsupply.com
1,200 underground projects in the past five years. Our
portfolio includes tunnels up to 33 feet in diameter and Technical Tunnelling
shafts up to 110 feet in diameter. Our recent experi-
ence includes the City of Atlanta’s Raw Water Delivery Components LTD (TTC)
System with 5 miles of 10-foot diameter tunnels, City Booth 613
of Ottawa’s CSST project with 3.7 miles of 9.8-foot Technical Tunnelling Components has over 40 years of
diameter tunnels, and Metro Crenshaw/LAX Transit experience manufacturing and supplying segment ac-
Corridor with three underground stations connected by cessories such as connection bolts, grout/lifting sock-
four reaches of twin-bored, 21-foot diameter tunnels ets, segment packers and grommets along with the
totaling 2 miles. award winning Dowelock connection and alignment
system, now with high shear options. TTC truly is the
Products & Services one stop shop for all precast segmental connections
Consulting Engineers and grouting systems. The in-house design and manu-
Consulting Environmental facturing capabilities that TTC have can offer bespoke
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels products for challenging situations as well as the stan-
dard segment accessories. TTC are Supplying compo-
Main Office nents worldwide with an impressive product portfolio
1340 Treat Blvd, Ste 300 along with an excellent service record.
Walnut Creek, CA 94597 United States of America
Phone: (925) 941-1400 Products & Services
www.stantec.com/tunneling Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Precast Concrete Linings
Segment Accessories
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
Unit K Radius Ct, Tungsten Pk
Hinckley, Leicester LE10 3BE United Kingdom
Phone: +44 0 1455 234401
www.ttcltd.org
Strata Worldwide | Tunneling Terra Insights
See our ad on p. 45 Booth 834
Booth 509 Terra Insights’ monitoring technology can measure
areas of interest at scale, from high-production mine
sites to entire networks, such as railways, highways,
Products & Services and pipelines with a combination of geospatial, ground-
Safety Products based, and structural-based instrumentation. Our plat-
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services form is also used to measure movement in airports,
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment bridges, water dams, tailings dams, mines, and tunnels.
Powered by the trusted and experienced brands RST
Main Office Instruments, Measurand, 3vGeomatics, and Syscom In-
8800 Roswell Rd, Ste 145 struments, Terra Insights is a comprehensive platform
Sandy Springs, GA 30350 United States of America of geotechnical, structural, and geospatial monitoring
Phone: (770) 321-2500 technology, along with purpose-built data delivery solu-
Email: info@strataworldwide.com tions.
www.strataworldwide.com
Products & Services
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
TBM Supply Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment
Booth 808 Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Supplier factory new, used and surplus , carbon, stain- Mining Equipment
less and PVC: pipe, valves, fittings. Grooved, Threaded, Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment
Flanged, Welded.
Domestic, DIN, JIS replacement including actuation. Main Office
11545 Kingston St
Products & Services Maple Ridge, BC V2X 0Z5 Canada
Steel Pipe Phone: (604) 540-1100
Underground Utility Materials and Operations Email: victoria.hitchcock@measurand.com
www.terrainsights.com
40 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Terratec / Kelley Engineered
Equipment
See our ads: p. 3 Terratec, p. 23 Kelley
Booth 1004
Incorporated in 1990, TERRATEC is the world renowned
Australian designer and manufacturer of Tunnel Boring
Machines, Raise Boring Machines, Conveyor Systems
and other custom-made products for tunneling and
mining applications. TERRATEC is Always Advancing!
KELLEY ENGINEERED EQUIPMENT (KEE) celebrates
their 15th anniversary of supplying custom equipment
and professional engineering services to the tunneling
and underground construction industry. KEE provides
innovative, efficient designs optimized for safety and
productivity. KEE is proud to represent Terratec TBMs
in the USA and Canada along with Roxard Industries’
TBM Cutters and Soft Ground Tools in North and South
America.
Products & Services
Conveyor Equipment and Systems
Earth Pressure Balance Machines
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
Mining Equipment
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Main Office
22010 Fowler Dr
Gretna, NE 68028 United States of America
Phone: (206) 412-4234
Email: tyler.sandell@keellc.com
www.terratec.co & www.keellc.com
TLT-Turbo
Booth 207
TLT-Turbo Inc. is an industrial ventilation fan manufac-
turer, including engineering, development, manufactur-
ing, repair, and service. Experience and specialization is
in Tunnel & Metro, Mining, Wind tunnel, Industrial, MVR
Fans, Power station, and Aftermarket service.
Products & Services
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
Main Office
2693 Wingate Ave
Akron, OH 44314 United States of America
Phone: (330) 776-5115
Email: Sales@tltfan.com
www.tlt-turbo.com
Towill, Inc.
Booth 714
Towill offers a wide array of surveying and mapping
services to the tunneling and underground construction
community, including owners, designers, construction
managers, and contractors. As a full-service company,
Towill addresses all project surveying and mapping
needs, ranging from large-scale digital mapping prior
to design to final as built surveys at project completion.
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
Towill offers the DMT Gyromat-5000 which is the most
accurate gyro-theodolite available.
Products & Services
Consulting Engineers
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels
Main Office
2300 Clayton Rd., Ste 1200
Concord, CA 94520 United States of America
Phone: (925) 682-6976
www.towill.com
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH
AMERICA
Booth 705
Products & Services
Ground Freezing
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Jet Grouting Equipment and Services
Soft Ground Shields
Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials
Main Office
1 - 2165 Buckingham Rd
Oakville, ON L6H 0W7 Canada
Phone: +1 833 GEOFORM
Email: info@geoforming.com
www.geoforming.com
TRE ALTAMIRA Inc
Booth 810
TRE ALTAMIRA is the recognized global leader in ground
monitoring using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) satel-
lite data providing detailed surface motion information
for engineering activities during tunneling operations.
Using our proprietary SqueeSAR™ algorithms the
group analyses images, captured by radar satellites to
measure ground deformation to millimeter accuracy:
detecting and monitoring ground subsidence, uplift,
landslides, surface expression of faults, and for verify-
ing the stability of individual structures. TRE ALTAMIRA
produces dynamic maps and a database of surface
deformation that provides a quantitative understanding
of ground response to natural and anthropogenic activ-
ities. We have offices in Vancouver, Melbourne, Milan
and Barcelona.
Tsurumi Pump
Booth 802
Tsurumi Pump is a submersible pump manufactur-
er that supplies pumps worldwide for many projects
including tunneling. Tsurumi pumps are capable of
handling flows from 50-5000 gpm @ heads up to 750
feet. Wear parts are made of wear resistant materials
capable of handling entrained solids commonly found
in tunneling applications. Pump features such as dual
inside mechanical seals that do not require cooling
from or come in contact with the abrasive liquid being
pumped is just one of the reasons Tsurumi Pump has
become the pump of choice in mines throughout the
world.
Products & Services
Mining Equipment
Pumps and Pumping Equipment
Wastewater Management Products
Water Treatment Plant and Materials
Main Office
1625 Fullerton Ct
Glendale Heights, IL 60139 United States of America
Phone: (630) 793-0127
Email: info@tsurumipump.com
www.tsurumipump.com
Tunnel Business Magazine
(TBM)
Booth 506
TBM: Tunnel Business Magazine provides the North
American tunneling industry with a trade magazine
focusing on North American topics, projects and news.
From large diameter tunneling to microtunneling, Tun-
nel Business Magazine, published by Benjamin Media,
Inc., reports on the issues and topics important to the
North American tunneling contractor, engineer and
owner. Free subscriptions are available.
Products & Services
Educational
Publishers
Main Office
10050 Brecksville Rd
Brecksville, OH 44141 United States of America
Phone: (330) 467-7588
www.tunnelingonline.com
Tunneling Journal
Booth 605
Tunnelling Journal delivers unrivalled editorial quality
that features contemporary, lively, cutting edge articles
with specific and unparalleled relevance to the tunnel-
ling contractor, consultant, client and machine manu-
facturer. Published six times a year, the print copy is
partnered with a constantly updated website and a fort-
nightly newsletter. We also publish Breakthrough, ITA
Activity Report, Australasian & New Zealand Tunnelling
Society Journal, and Canadian Tunnelling. We’re organ-
isers of the British Tunnelling Society Conference, and
the Cutting Edge Conference in partnership with UCA of
SME. Visit our booth to pick up complimentary copies of
all our magazines and meet the team.
Products & Services
Educational
Publishers
Main Office
The Old Library, Dudley Rd
Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN1 1LE United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (0) 1892 522 585
Email: gary@tunnellingjournal.com
www.tunnellingjournal.com
Tunnels & Tunnelling
Booth 709
Celebrating 50 years of service to the tunnelling indus-
try, and packed with information about the business
its customers are in, Tunnels & Tunnelling remains the
leading underground construction magazine worldwide.
Since 1999 T&T offers T&T North America, a bi-monthly
magazine dedicated to its customers’ regional market,
and the official publication of the Tunnelling Association
of Canada (TAC). Each edition of T&T informs tunnelling
professionals on every aspect of underground con-
struction in five continents. Readers include consulting
engineers, clients, contractors and manufacturers in 90
countries. Stay abreast of all developments in the tun-
nelling industry by subscribing to T&T.
Products & Services
Educational
Publishers
Main Office
John Carpenter House
London EC4Y 0BS United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (0) 20 7406 6584

Products & Services

Tunnel Radio of America, Inc www.tunnelsonline.info

Consulting Engineers
Booth 828
Consulting Environmental
Underground Wireless Communications Company TunnelTalk
Engineering Design and Services for Tunnels Booth 408
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment Products & Services Welcome to www.TunnelTalk.com - your gateway to
Dust and Fume Control Technology tunneling on the web. Designed specifically as a web
Safety Products
Main Office publication, TunnelTalk brings industry news, views
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment and video reports directly to your internet device. A
475 W Georgia St, Ste #410
Vancouver, BC V6B 4M9 Canada comprehensive editorial Archive is complimented by
Phone: (604) 331-2512 Main Office our industry Directory, Diary Dates, Job Opportunities,
Email: info.canada@tre-altamira.com 6435 Hyslop Rd Equipment Sales and Procurement notices. Free week-
www.tre-altamira.com Corvallis, OR 97330 United States of America ly e-Alerts drive traffic to the site and, for industry ad-
Phone: (541) 758-5637 vertisers, our readers are your next customers!
Email: trsales@tunnelradio.com
www.tunnelradio.com Products & Services
Educational
Publishers
42 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
 Structural Shoring. Groundwater Cutoff.

Access Shafts Cross Passages

Br e a k I n /O u t

5931 238th ST SE #201 • Woodinville, WA 98072

(206) 420-2759 • www.soilfreeze.com
EXHIBITORS
Main Office
21001 N Tatum Blvd, Ste 1630-274
Phoenix, AZ 85050 United States of America
Phone: (602) 399-7184
Email: tunneltalk@tunneltalk.com
www.TunnelTalk.com
VMT USA
Booth 910
As a driving technological force for more than 25
years, VMT has the experience, the capacities and the
know-how to develop innovative system and product
solutions that support construction companies all over
the world to build tunnels and shafts of every size for
ever more complex infrastructure projects: VMT’s nav-
igation systems for driving equipment, its production
and logistics management system for segment produc-
tion and further innovative system solutions for safety,
monitoring and data management play key roles here.
VMT products can be combined into efficient, modern,
networked solutions that ensure streamlined processes
and seamless quality assurance for every tunnel proj-
ect.
Products & Services
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Laser Guidance Systems
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
Roadheaders
Survey Equipment and Lasers
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Main Office
1613 132nd Ave E, Ste 200
Sumner, WA 98390 United States of America
Phone: (253) 447-2399
Email: info@vmt-us.com
www.vmt-us.com
V-ROD
Booth 510
V•ROD composite rebar has been manufactured by
Pultrall since 1987. Pultrall manufactures V•ROD re-
bars by combining the pultrusion process and an in-line
coating process for the outside, sanded surface. The
company’s manufacturing processes meet ISO 9001
and ISO 14001 standards. In addition, in-house quality
control tests are routinely performed along with tests
performed by independent laboratories.
Products & Services
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
Main Office
700 9E Rue Nord
Thetford Mines, QC G6G 6Z5 Canada
Phone: (418) 335-3202
Email: service@pultrall.com
www.fiberglassrebar.com
44 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Williams Form Engineering x-Glo North America Inc
Corp Booth 712
Booth 700
Williams Form Engineering Corporation has been pro-
Products & Services
viding threaded steel bars and accessories for rock, soil
Control Systems
and concrete anchors, post-tensioning systems, and
Lighting Systems
concrete forming hardware systems in the construction
Safety Products
industry for over 100 years. Our rock and soil anchor
product line includes our Spin-Lock mechanical rock
Tunnel Communication Systems and Equipment
anchors, polyester resin anchors, multiple corrosion
Main Office
protection anchors, soil nails, strand anchors, Manta
15 Rita St
Ray soil anchors, Geo-Drill Hollow-Bar anchors, micro
Markstay, ON P0M 2G0 Canada
piles. For concrete anchoring we offer Spin-Lock an-
Phone: (705) 698-0441
chors, undercut anchors, reusable anchors and cast-
Email: don@x-glo-na.com
in-place anchors. We also have a full line of All-Thread
www.x-glo.ca
Rebar for tie backs, micro piles and post-tensioning.
Products & Services Zitron USA
Concrete Reinforcement Booth 704
Geological, Geotechnical Services and Equipment Zitron USA is a ventilation fan manufacturing subsidi-
Ground Improvement Equipment and Services ary of Zitron Spain. With nearly 60 years’ experience in
Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials designing, manufacturing and supplying custom-made
ventilation systems for underground mines, road and
Main Office railway tunnels, and metro systems, Zitrón is acknowl-
8165 Graphic Dr edged as a global industry leader. Zitrón has increas-
Belmont, MI 49306 United States of America ingly been chosen as the preferred supplier of the
Phone: (616) 866-0815 ventilation systems that such infrastructure demands,
Email: williams@williamsform.com during both the construction and operational stages, to
www.williamsform.com ensure the safety of workers, commuters and all users
alike.
WSP
Products & Services
Booth 1002 Control Systems
WSP is a leader in tunneling and underground con-
Dust and Fume Control Technology
struction, from San Francisco to Stockholm. The firm
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
has participated in the design and construction of some
of the longest, largest, deepest, and most complicat-
Main Office
ed tunnels in the world, including tunnels built in hard
PO Box 2668
rock, soft ground or mixed-face conditions, and using
Beckley, WV 25802 United States of America
mining, boring, jacking, cut-and-cover, and immersed
Phone: (304) 253-0777
tunnel technology. Projects include the Second Avenue
Subway in New York City; the Stockholm City Line; the
Email: Caleb@ziton.com
Www.Zitron.com/us
Eurasia tunnel in Istanbul; and San Francisco’s Central
Subway. WSP employs 55,000 professionals globally.
Main Office
One Penn Plz, 2nd Floor
New York, NY 10119 United States of America
Phone: (212) 465-5000
www.wsp.com
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
 NAT 2022
June 19 - 22
PHILADELPHIA, PA
Booth 509

/strata tunneling

/strata connect /strata protect /strata geotech

• Automation • Proximity Detection • Ground Conditioners

and TBM Tail Sealant
• Telemetry • Collision Avoidance
• Shotcrete
• Communication • Emergency Refuge Chambers
• Resins & Grouts
• Tracking • Gas Detection
• Waterproofing
• Machine Digitalization
• Water Control
• Pneumatic Pumps

800-691-6601 • info@strataworldwide.com • www.strataworldwide.com/tunneling

PRODUCTS & SERVICES

Abrasion and Impact Resistant Materials
FPT Infrastructure – Booth 710
Computer Hardware and
Software
BabEng, LLC – Booth 309
Rocscience, Inc – Booth 115
SIXENSE – Booth 310
Concrete Mixing and
Transportation Equipment
Fiori Group S.p.A – Booth 805
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc – Booth 416
Concrete Reinforcement
BarChip Inc – Booth 715
Bekaert – Booth 603
GCP Applied Technologies – Booth 809
MAPEI Corp – Booth 415
Sika Corporation – Booth 701
Williams Form Engineering Corp – Booth 700
Construction - Contracting Services
Ballard Marine Construction – Booth 112
Crux Subsurface, Inc – Booth 601
Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. – Booth
907
Drill Tech Drilling & Shoring Inc – Booth 617
EC Applications - Tunnel Lining – Booth 716
Hatch – Booth 412
HYTORC – Booth 824
Michels Corp – Booth 409
MILLER – Booth 607
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers PLLC –
Booth 611
Parsons – Booth 316
PSC Crane and Rigging – Booth 822
Consulting Engineers
AECOM – Booth 209
Arup – Booth 812
BabEng, LLC – Booth 309
Dr. Sauer & Partners Corp – Booth 213
Gall Zeidler Consultants – Booth 313
Gehrig, Inc – Booth 610
Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Express, Inc – Booth
1000
Gomez International, Inc – Booth 804
Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc – Booth 512
Hatch – Booth 412
JCK Underground, Inc – Booth 817
McMillen Jacobs Associates – Booth 901
Mott MacDonald – Booth 104
MSP Structures Inc – Booth 314
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers PLLC –
Booth 611
Parsons – Booth 316
Schnabel Engineering – Booth 830
Shannon & Wilson, Inc – Booth 114
Stantec – Booth 908
Towill, Inc. – Booth 714
TRE ALTAMIRA Inc – Booth 810
Consulting Environmental
Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc – Booth 512
Hatch – Booth 412
Schnabel Engineering – Booth 830
Shannon & Wilson, Inc – Booth 114
SIXENSE – Booth 310
Stantec – Booth 908
TRE ALTAMIRA Inc – Booth 810
Control Systems
Comtrol International – Booth 803
IoT Automation – Booth 703
x-Glo North America Inc – Booth 712
Zitron USA – Booth 704
Conveyor Equipment and
Systems
Carroll Technologies Group – Booth 413
H+E Logistics USA, Inc – Booth 912
Robbins – Booth 205
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment – Booth
1004
Drilling Services and
Equipment
Crux Subsurface, Inc – Booth 601
Derrick Corporation – Booth 212
HyperSciences, Inc – Booth 801
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc – Booth 807
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Palmieri S.p.A. – Booth 811
Ruen Drilling, Inc – Booth 110
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions – Booth 208

46 2022 NAT ShowGuide R SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

 PRODUCTS & SERVICES

Dust and Fume Control Hatch – Booth 412

Technology
ABC Industries, Inc – Booth 215
AMIX Systems Ltd – Booth 315
Englo, Inc, DBA Engart, Inc – Booth 608
Geo-Instruments – Booth 307
Grydale USA – Booth 513
Rocvent Inc – Booth 826
Spendrup Fan Co/CFT – Booth 816
Tunnel Radio of America, Inc – Booth 828
Zitron USA – Booth 704
Earth Pressure Balance
Machines
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems USA, Inc – Booth
900
Master Builders Solutions – Booth 304
Robbins – Booth 205
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment – Booth
1004
Educational
Colorado School of Mines – Booth 508
Northwest Laborers-Employers Training Trust –
Booth 515
Tunnel Business Magazine (TBM) – Booth 506
Tunneling Journal – Booth 605
Tunnels & Tunnelling – Booth 709
TunnelTalk – Booth 408
HNTB Corp – Booth 913
Ischebeck USA Inc – Booth 615
JCK Underground, Inc – Booth 817
McMillen Jacobs Associates – Booth 901
Mott MacDonald – Booth 104
MSP Structures Inc – Booth 314
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers PLLC –
Booth 611
Parsons – Booth 316
Promat International NV – Booth 909
PSC Crane and Rigging – Booth 822
Schnabel Engineering – Booth 830
Shannon & Wilson, Inc – Booth 114
SIXENSE – Booth 310
Stantec – Booth 908
Terra Insights – Booth 834
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment – Booth
1004
Towill, Inc. – Booth 714
TRE ALTAMIRA Inc – Booth 810
Environmental Control
Equipment and Supplies
Innovative Wireless Technologies – Booth 614
IoT Automation – Booth 703
Fabrication Materials
Gomez International, Inc – Booth 804

Electrical - Generator-Motor, Wire-Cable Geological, Geotechnical

CAB – Booth 717 Services and Equipment
Carroll Technologies Group – Booth 413 AECOM – Booth 209
Gomez International, Inc – Booth 804 Crux Subsurface, Inc – Booth 601
Line Power – Booth 211 Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. – Booth 907
FPT Infrastructure – Booth 710
Engineering Design and Gehrig, Inc – Booth 610
Services for Tunnels Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Express, Inc – Booth
AECOM – Booth 209 1000
Arup – Booth 812 Geo-Instruments – Booth 307
BabEng, LLC – Booth 309 GEOKON – Booth 504
Bekaert – Booth 603 Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc – Booth 512
CBE GROUP – Booth 511 IoT Automation – Booth 703
Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. – Booth 907 Ischebeck USA Inc – Booth 615
Dr. Sauer & Partners Corp – Booth 213 JENNMAR Civil – Booth 105
Gall Zeidler Consultants – Booth 313 McMillen Jacobs Associates – Booth 901
Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Express, Inc – Booth Mott MacDonald – Booth 104
1000 Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers PLLC –
Gomez International, Inc – Booth 804 Booth 611

SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022   2022 NAT ShowGuide 47

PRODUCTS & SERVICES
Parsons – Booth 316
Schnabel Engineering – Booth 830
Shannon & Wilson, Inc – Booth 114
SIXENSE – Booth 310
Terra Insights – Booth 834
TRE ALTAMIRA Inc – Booth 810
Williams Form Engineering Corp – Booth 700
Ground Freezing
Bauer Foundation Corporation – Booth 410
CDM Smith – Booth 117
Keller – Booth 305
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers PLLC –
Booth 611
SoilFreeze Inc – Booth 514
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH AMERICA – Booth
705
Ground Improvement
Equipment and Services
AMIX Systems Ltd – Booth 315
Avanti International – Booth 217
CJGeo – Booth 612
Crux Subsurface, Inc – Booth 601
DSI Tunneling LLC – Booth 204
Ischebeck USA Inc – Booth 615
Keller – Booth 305
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc – Booth 807
Master Builders Solutions – Booth 304
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers PLLC –
Booth 611
Shannon & Wilson, Inc – Booth 114
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc – Booth 416
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH AMERICA – Booth
705
Williams Form Engineering Corp – Booth 700
Grouting Services, Equipment and Materials
Aerix Industries – Booth 317
AMIX Systems Ltd – Booth 315
Avanti International – Booth 217
Bauer Foundation Corporation – Booth 410
ChemGrout, Inc – Booth 604
CJGeo – Booth 612
Crux Subsurface, Inc – Booth 601
DSI Tunneling LLC – Booth 204
Fiori Group S.p.A – Booth 805
FPT Infrastructure – Booth 710
GCP Applied Technologies – Booth 809
48 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Keller – Booth 305
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc – Booth 807
MAPEI Corp – Booth 415
Master Builders Solutions – Booth 304
Minova – Booth 711
Nicholson Construction Co – Booth 308
Normet Americas, Inc – Booth 507
Renesco Inc – Booth 702
Richway Industries – Booth 516
Sika Corporation – Booth 701
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc – Booth 416
Technical Tunnelling Components LTD (TTC) –
Booth 613
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH AMERICA – Booth
705
Hoists and Headframes
Carroll Technologies Group – Booth 413
MILLER – Booth 607
PSC Crane and Rigging – Booth 822
Hydraulic Hammers and Drills
Epiroc – Booth 404
Instrumentation Equipment and Services
Carroll Technologies Group – Booth 413
Crux Subsurface, Inc – Booth 601
Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. – Booth 907
Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Express, Inc – Booth
1000
Geo-Instruments – Booth 307
GEOKON – Booth 504
Schnabel Engineering – Booth 830
Shannon & Wilson, Inc – Booth 114
SIXENSE – Booth 310
Terra Insights – Booth 834
VMT USA – Booth 910
Jet Grouting Equipment and Services
AMIX Systems Ltd – Booth 315
Keller – Booth 305
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc – Booth 807
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH AMERICA – Booth
705
Laser Guidance Systems
VMT USA – Booth 910
Lighting Systems
IoT Automation – Booth 703
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

x-Glo North America Inc – Booth 712
Lubricants for TBM
MAPEI Corp – Booth 415
Master Builders Solutions – Booth 304
Sika Corporation – Booth 701
Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
AGRU America, Inc – Booth 311
Derrick Corporation – Booth 212
FPT Infrastructure – Booth 710
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems USA, Inc –
Booth 900
HyperSciences, Inc – Booth 801
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Palmieri S.p.A. – Booth 811
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment – Booth
1004
VMT USA – Booth 910
Mining Equipment
ABC Industries, Inc – Booth 215
AMIX Systems Ltd – Booth 315
Brookville Equipment Corp – Booth 405
CAB – Booth 717
Epiroc – Booth 404
H+E Logistics USA, Inc – Booth 912
J.H. Fletcher & Co – Booth 1006
Line Power – Booth 211
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Minova – Booth 711
Robbins – Booth 205
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions – Booth 208
Terra Insights – Booth 834
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment – Booth
1004
Tsurumi Pump – Booth 802
Precast Concrete Linings
AGRU America, Inc – Booth 311
CBE GROUP – Booth 511
Master Builders Solutions – Booth 304
MSP Structures Inc – Booth 314
SEALABLE Solutions GmbH (formerly Datwyler
Sealing Technology) – Booth 216
Sika Corporation – Booth 701
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc – Booth 416
Technical Tunnelling Components LTD (TTC) –
Booth 613
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
Publishers
Tunnel Business Magazine (TBM) – Booth 506
Tunneling Journal – Booth 605
Tunnels & Tunnelling – Booth 709
TunnelTalk – Booth 408
Pumps and Pumping
Equipment
AMIX Systems Ltd – Booth 315
Avanti International – Booth 217
ChemGrout, Inc – Booth 604
Gomez International, Inc – Booth 804
HYTORC – Booth 824
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Minova – Booth 711
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc – Booth 416
Tsurumi Pump – Booth 802
Rail Products
Brookville Equipment Corp – Booth 405
JENNMAR Civil – Booth 105
SEALABLE Solutions GmbH (formerly Datwyler
Sealing Technology) – Booth 216
Roadheaders
Alpine Equipment – Booth 800
Antraquip Corp – Booth 505
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions – Booth 208
VMT USA – Booth 910
Rock Drills
Epiroc – Booth 404
Ischebeck USA Inc – Booth 615
J.H. Fletcher & Co – Booth 1006
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Palmieri S.p.A. – Booth 811
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions – Booth 208
Rock TBM’s
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems USA, Inc –
Booth 900
Palmieri S.p.A. – Booth 811
Robbins – Booth 205
Rotary Drum Cutters
Antraquip Corp – Booth 505
Epiroc – Booth 404
  2022 NAT ShowGuide 49
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
Safety Products
CAB – Booth 717
Carroll Technologies Group – Booth 413
Comtrol International – Booth 803
HYTORC – Booth 824
Innovative Wireless Technologies – Booth 614
IoT Automation – Booth 703
Strata Worldwide | Tunneling – Booth 509
Tunnel Radio of America, Inc – Booth 828
x-Glo North America Inc – Booth 712
Scaling
Antraquip Corp – Booth 505
J.H. Fletcher & Co – Booth 1006
Segment Accessories
CBE GROUP – Booth 511
MSP Structures Inc – Booth 314
SEALABLE Solutions GmbH (formerly Datwyler
Sealing Technology) – Booth 216
Technical Tunnelling Components LTD (TTC) –
Booth 613
Shaft Drilling and Raiseboring Equipment
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems USA, Inc –
Booth 900
JENNMAR Civil – Booth 105
Keller – Booth 305
MILLER – Booth 607
Palmieri S.p.A. – Booth 811
Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies, and Services
Bekaert – Booth 603
GCP Applied Technologies – Booth 809
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc – Booth 807
MAPEI Corp – Booth 415
Master Builders Solutions – Booth 304
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Minova – Booth 711
Sika Corporation – Booth 701
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc – Booth 416
Strata Worldwide | Tunneling – Booth 509
Slurry Services and Machines
Derrick Corporation – Booth 212
Keller – Booth 305
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc – Booth 807
MAPEI Corp – Booth 415
50 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Soft Ground Shields
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems USA, Inc – Booth
900
Robbins – Booth 205
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH AMERICA – Booth
705
Soil Conditioning Equipment and Materials
FPT Infrastructure – Booth 710
Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Express, Inc – Booth
1000
MAPEI Corp – Booth 415
Minova – Booth 711
Sika Corporation – Booth 701
TPH & GEOFORM NORTH AMERICA – Booth
705
Williams Form Engineering Corp – Booth 700
Steel Pipe
Ischebeck USA Inc – Booth 615
JENNMAR Civil – Booth 105
Naylor Pipe Co – Booth 1008
TBM Supply – Booth 808
Survey Equipment and Lasers
Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. – Booth 907
VMT USA – Booth 910
Tunnel Boring Equipment
Antraquip Corp – Booth 505
Ballard Marine Construction – Booth 112
Bessac – Booth 312
Epiroc – Booth 404
Gomez International, Inc – Booth 804
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems USA, Inc – Booth
900
HNTB Corp – Booth 913
HyperSciences, Inc – Booth 801
Messinger Bearings – Booth 214
Palmieri S.p.A. – Booth 811
Richway Industries – Booth 516
Robbins – Booth 205
Spendrup Fan Co/CFT – Booth 816
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment – Booth
1004
VMT USA – Booth 910
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022

Tunnel Communication
Systems and Equipment
Carroll Technologies Group – Booth 413
Comtrol International – Booth 803
HNTB Corp – Booth 913
Innovative Wireless Technologies – Booth 614
IoT Automation – Booth 703
Strata Worldwide | Tunneling – Booth 509
Terra Insights – Booth 834
Tunnel Radio of America, Inc – Booth 828
x-Glo North America Inc – Booth 712
Tunnel Haulage Systems
HNTB Corp – Booth 913
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Tunnel Lining and Support Materials
ABC Industries, Inc – Booth 215
AGRU America, Inc – Booth 311
Antraquip Corp – Booth 505
Bekaert – Booth 603
Bessac – Booth 312
CAB – Booth 717
CBE GROUP – Booth 511
David R. Klug & Associates, Inc – Booth 903
DSI Tunneling LLC – Booth 204
EC Applications - Tunnel Lining – Booth 716
Everest Equipment Co – Booth 606
FPT Infrastructure – Booth 710
GCP Applied Technologies – Booth 809
HNTB Corp – Booth 913
Ischebeck USA Inc – Booth 615
JENNMAR Civil – Booth 105
Minova – Booth 711
MSP Structures Inc – Booth 314
Normet Americas, Inc – Booth 507
Promat International NV – Booth 909
Renesco Inc – Booth 702
Richway Industries – Booth 516
SEALABLE Solutions GmbH (formerly Datwyler
Sealing Technology) – Booth 216
Shotcrete Technologies, Inc – Booth 407
Technical Tunnelling Components LTD (TTC) –
Booth 613
V-ROD – Booth 510
Underground Excavation Services and
Equipment
Alpine Equipment – Booth 800
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
Antraquip Corp – Booth 505
Bekaert – Booth 603
Brokk Inc – Booth 815
Drill Tech Drilling & Shoring Inc – Booth 617
Englo, Inc, DBA Engart, Inc – Booth 608
Fiori Group S.p.A – Booth 805
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
Michels Corp – Booth 409
Parsons – Booth 316
Richway Industries – Booth 516
Underground Locomotives and Rail Haulage
Equipment
Brookville Equipment Corp – Booth 405
McDowell Equipment Ltd – Booth 708
PSC Crane and Rigging – Booth 822
Underground Utility Materials and Operations
AGRU America, Inc – Booth 311
Avanti International – Booth 217
CAB – Booth 717
HOBAS Pipe USA – Booth 706
TBM Supply – Booth 808
Ventilation Systems, Materials and Equipment
ABC Industries, Inc – Booth 215
ABC Ventilation Systems – Booth 113
CAB – Booth 717
Englo, Inc, DBA Engart, Inc – Booth 608
Epiroc – Booth 404
Grydale USA – Booth 513
HNTB Corp – Booth 913
JENNMAR Civil – Booth 105
Mining Equipment Ltd – Booth 914
Rocvent Inc – Booth 826
Spendrup Fan Co/CFT – Booth 816
TLT-Turbo – Booth 207
Zitron USA – Booth 704
Wastewater Management Products
AGRU America, Inc – Booth 311
Derrick Corporation – Booth 212
HOBAS Pipe USA – Booth 706
Tsurumi Pump – Booth 802
Water Treatment Plant and Materials
AGRU America, Inc – Booth 311
Derrick Corporation – Booth 212
HOBAS Pipe USA – Booth 706
Tsurumi Pump – Booth 802
  2022 NAT ShowGuide 51
EXHIBITOR LISTING
& B O OT H N U M B E R
Thank you to our 2022 NAT Exhibitors
ABC Industries, Inc......................................215
ABC Ventilation Systems.............................113
AECOM..........................................................209
Aerix Industries...........................................317
AGRU America, Inc.......................................311
Alpine Equipment........................................800
AMIX Systems Ltd........................................315
Antraquip Corp.............................................505
Arup..............................................................812
Avanti International.....................................217
BabEng, LLC.................................................309
Ballard Marine Construction.......................112
BarChip Inc..................................................715
Bauer Foundation Corporation....................410
Bekaert.........................................................603
Bessac..........................................................312
Brokk Inc......................................................815
Brookville Equipment Corp..........................405
CAB...............................................................717
Carroll Technologies Group.........................413
CBE GROUP...................................................511
CDM Smith...................................................117
ChemGrout, Inc............................................604
CJGeo...........................................................612
Colorado School of Mines...........................508
Comtrol International..................................803
Crux Subsurface, Inc...................................601
David R. Klug & Associates, Inc �����������������903
Derrick Corporation.....................................212
Dibit Measuring Technique USA, Inc. ���������907
Dr. Sauer & Partners Corp...........................213
Drill Tech Drilling & Shoring Inc �����������������617
DSI Tunneling LLC........................................204
EC Applications - Tunnel Lining �����������������716
Ecovolve.......................................................813
Englo, Inc, DBA Engart, Inc.........................608
Epiroc...........................................................404
Equipment Corporation of America ������������713
Everest Equipment Co.................................606
Fiori Group S.p.A..........................................805
FPT Infrastructure........................................710
Gall Zeidler Consultants..............................313
GCP Applied Technologies...........................809
Gehrig, Inc....................................................610
52 2022 NAT ShowGuide R
Geocomp Corp/GeoTesting Express, Inc 1000
Geo-Instruments..........................................307
GEOKON........................................................504
Gomez International, Inc.............................804
Grydale USA.................................................513
H+E Logistics USA, Inc................................912
Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc....................512
Hatch............................................................412
Herrenknecht Tunnelling Systems
USA, Inc....................................................900
HNTB Corp....................................................913
HOBAS Pipe USA..........................................706
HyperSciences, Inc......................................801
HYTORC........................................................824
Innovative Wireless Technologies ��������������614
IoT Automation............................................703
Ischebeck USA Inc.......................................615
J.H. Fletcher & Co......................................1006
JCK Underground, Inc..................................817
JENNMAR Civil.............................................105
Kayden Industries........................................414
Keller............................................................305
Line Power...................................................211
Malcolm Drilling Co Inc...............................807
MAPEI Corp..................................................415
Master Builders Solutions...........................304
McDowell Equipment Ltd............................708
McMillen Jacobs Associates.......................901
Messinger Bearings.....................................214
Michels Corp................................................409
MILLER.........................................................607
Mining Equipment Ltd.................................914
Minova.........................................................711
Mott MacDonald..........................................104
MSP Structures Inc......................................314
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers
PLLC..........................................................611
Naylor Pipe Co...........................................1008
Nicholson Construction Co..........................308
Normet Americas, Inc..................................507
Northwest Laborers-Employers
Training Trust............................................515
Palmieri S.p.A...............................................811
Parsons........................................................316
SHOWGUIDE exhibitor listings as of May 10, 2022
Promat International NV..............................909
PSC Crane and Rigging...............................822
Renesco Inc.................................................702
Richway Industries......................................516
Robbins........................................................205
Rocscience, Inc............................................115
Rocvent Inc..................................................826
Ruen Drilling, Inc.........................................110
Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions ����������208
Schnabel Engineering..................................830
SEALABLE Solutions GmbH (formerly
Datwyler Sealing Technology) ����������������216
Shannon & Wilson, Inc.................................114
Shotcrete Technologies, Inc........................407
Sika Corporation..........................................701
Simem Underground Solutions, Inc �����������416
SIXENSE.......................................................310
SoilFreeze Inc..............................................514
Spendrup Fan Co/CFT..................................816
Stantec.........................................................908
Strata Worldwide | Tunneling......................509
TBM Supply..................................................808
Technical Tunnelling Components
LTD (TTC)...................................................613
Terra Insights...............................................834
Terratec / Kelley Engineered Equipment..1004
TLT-Turbo.....................................................207
Towill, Inc.....................................................714
TPH & GEOFORM North America �����������������705
TRE ALTAMIRA Inc........................................810
Tsurumi Pump.............................................802
Tunnel Business Magazine (TBM) ��������������506
Tunnel Radio of America, Inc......................828
Tunneling Journal........................................605
Tunnels & Tunnelling...................................709
TunnelTalk....................................................408
VMT USA.......................................................910
V-ROD...........................................................510
Williams Form Engineering Corp ����������������700
WSP............................................................1002
x-Glo North America Inc..............................712
Zitron USA....................................................704
Make an Exciting
Career Move with the
UCA Career Center
Search a dedicated career resource specific to the underground construction industry.

�e UCA Career Center connects you with employers actively looking for professionals
in the tunneling and underground construction industry.

Interested in posting a job or internship Visit tunnelingjobs.org to:

opportunity and connecting with the talented
UCA membership? Create a job seeker profile
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Learn more at uca.careerwebsite.com or
contact Laura Nelson at nelson@smenet.org. Apply for jobs
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 For all of your NAT Conference
needs while in Philadelphia,
see the official NAT ShowGuide
included in T&UC.

e
NATShowGuid

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J.H . Fletcher ........ Na ylo r Pip e ....................
David R. Klug .................... ......... 36
.................... 29
....... 15 Normet ........
Derrick Equip Jennmar ........ ....................
ment............ .................... ....... 37
...... 17 .... .. 31
Keller ........... NW Laborers-
Dr. Sauer ........ Outside Back Employers ....
.................... Cover ..... 39
..... 16 San dvik ................
Drill Tech ........ Kelley Enginee ................... 41
.................... red Eq ............
..... 18 .. 23 SoilFreeze ....
DSI Undergrou MAPEI ............ ....................
nd ................ .................... ....... 43
.... 19 ..... 33
McMillen Jac Strata Produ
Gall Zeidler .... obs ................ cts ................
.................... .... . ....... 45
..... 21 28 Terratec.........
Michels Const ....................
ruction.......... ........ 3
.... 30

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Reliable® Tunnel Deluge Systems protect

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As a leading provider of mining solutions, Hitachi offers high-performing equipment and services that
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REBUILDING AMERICA’S
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GLOBAL HEADQUARTERS
PITTSBURGH, PA USA
(412)-963-9071