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(3) Ferdinand de Saussure, Cours de linguistique générale, publié par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye, avec la
collaboration de Albert Riedlinger, Payothèque (Paris: Payot, 1972), p. 25.
(4) Ibid., p. 98.
٣/ ١١ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬
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(5) Saussure, pp. 187-188.

(6) Jean Dubois [et al.], Dictionnaire de linguistique (Paris: Larousse, 1972), p. 326.
٦١ ‫دراﺳﺎت وأﺑﺤﺎث‬
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(7) Linguistique générale: Système et structure du langage, recueil d’ouvrages d’auteurs soviétiques de l’Institut de
linguistique de l’Académie des Sciences de l’U.R.S.S. (Moscou: Editions du Progrès, 1981), p. 136.
(8) Ibid., p. 137.
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pUj—CÐ ì|w éŽA pd[aY px}^i ‹x{b> éín² øí ºÓn=Ž_É ŒY A}]> 5L rx{A pUø{UÐ ŒL

(9) /HRQDUG %ORRP¿HOG Le Langage, traduit de l’américain par Janick Gazio; avant-propos de Frédéric François,
ELEOLRWKqTXHVFLHQWL¿TXH 3DULV3D\RW S
(10) Georges Mounin, Clefs pour la sémantique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995), p. 12.
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(11) Ibid., p. 12.

(12)%ORRP¿HOGS
(13) Ibid., p. 75.
٦٥ ‫دراﺳﺎت وأﺑﺤﺎث‬
‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻴـﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳـﺔ‬

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(14) Ibid., p. 75.

(15)%ORRP¿HOGS
(16) Ibid., p. 122.
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(17)%ORRP¿HOGS
(18) John Lyons, Linguistique générale: Introduction à la linguistique théorique, trad. par Françoise Dubois-Charlier et
David Robinson, langue et langage (Paris: Larousse, 1970), p. 155.
٦٧ ‫دراﺳﺎت وأﺑﺤﺎث‬
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(20) Lyons, p. 103.
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(21) André Martinet, Eléments de linguistique générale, 3eme éd. (Paris : A. Colin, 1991), p. 9.
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(22) Martinet, Eléments de linguistique générale, p. 160.

(23) Georges Mounin, Clefs pour la linguistique, Clefs, edition revue et augmentée (Paris : Seghers, 1971), p. 101.
٧١ ‫دراﺳﺎت وأﺑﺤﺎث‬
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(24) André Martinet, Syntaxe générale, collection U (Paris : A. Colin, 1985), p. 71.
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(25) Ibid., pp. 97-98.

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(26) Mounin, Clefs pour la sémantique, p. 19.

(27) Ibid., p. 31.
(28) Martinet, Syntaxe générale, p. 101.
(29) Mounin, Clefs pour la sémantique, p. 31.
٧٥ ‫دراﺳﺎت وأﺑﺤﺎث‬
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‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
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.¼ÄûºÒ{x{!ÐÖnœfUÐp_˜]YÊn\h˜UÐÚÐ{UÐ Ómghm–cTÐ9owge—TÐ {e7ºÝnf"Ð
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.¼ÄÿºÑnšcdUph=}_UÐÚÐ{UÐiŽ>
‫ﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬:‫ ا‬-٢
Mahmoudian, Mortéza. La Linguistique. Introduction et conclusion de Georges Mounin. Paris:
Seghers, 1981. (Clefs)
 ‫دراﺳﺎت وأﺑﺤﺎث‬
‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻴـﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳـﺔ‬

Ordering Language in Structural Linguistics

Mohammed Al Fathy
This study examines how language is ordered within structural linguistics, considering the
achievements made through the adoption of structuralism, and that transcend linguistics to
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vision for the relationship between the components of a language, structuralism has
provided modern linguistics with numerous methodological and theoretical tools that allow
for a framework to view linguistic engineering through a prism of modern linguistics. In
such a way, the paper addresses the various levels through which structural linguistics
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components of language, as viewed by structural linguistics; the levels of a language; the
ordering and operation of a language; the nature of the relations that bind these together;
the way in which the procedural, methodological and theoretical means through which
structural approaches to understanding linguistics combine. The departure point for this
study is the problematic of method, and the means by which modern linguistics has
overcome this through its reliance on the natural sciences, and its absorption of the lessons
of a number of various schools of thought.