Questions and Answers A Guide To Fitness and Wellness 3rd Edition Liguori Test Bank

Questions and Answers A Guide to
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Chapter 07 - Body Composition Basics
Chapter 07
Body Composition Basics
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 228) An individual who weighs 180 pounds and has 36 pounds of fat would have
________ percent body fat.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30
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Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Learning Objective: 07-01 Understand the basic composition of your body.
Topic: Body fat, weight, and composition
2. (p. 228) The relative proportions of different types of body tissues a human has is known as
A. overweight.
B. obesity.
C. body image.
D. body composition.

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
7-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. (p. 228) Essential fat is the fat that is found

A. just beneath the skin.
B. in the central nervous system, bone marrow, and various organs.
C. primarily in the abdomen.
D. in the major muscles of the body.

4. (p. 228) Which of the following is FALSE regarding essential fat?

A. Essential fat can be found in various organs throughout the body.
B. Essential fat is necessary for normal physiological functioning.
C. Women typically have more essential fat than males.
D. Fat is essential for hormone production in women but not in men.

Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
5. (p. 228-229) Storage fat (also called adipose tissue) can be divided into two types,
A. visual fat and hidden fat.
B. visceral fat and subcutaneous fat.
C. upper-body fat and lower-body fat.
D. smooth fat and rippled fat.

7-2
6. (p. 229) What component of the body's metabolism describes the energy required to maintain
essential body processes such as respiration, circulation, and temperature regulation?
A. dietary thermogenesis
B. physical activity
C. resting metabolic rate
D. convection

Learning Objective: 07-02 Identify factors that influence your body composition.
Topic: Factors that affect body composition
7. (p. 230-231) Which of the following is NOT a primary influence on resting metabolic rate?
A. the time of day
B. body size
C. genetics
D. body composition

8. (p. 230-231) How many calories equal one pound of body weight?
A. 2,000
B. 2,500
C. 3,000
D. 3,500

7-3
9. (p. 231) As fat is lost from the body, fat cells

A. disappear.
B. shrink.
C. change to muscle cells.
D. divide.

10. (p. 233-234) Which of the following is FALSE regarding sex differences in body
composition?
A. Women typically experience a decline in muscle mass beginning in their forties.
B. Females gain more fat mass during puberty than do males.
C. Men are more likely to store fat in their hips and thighs.
D. During the first six years of life, both males and females experience decreases in body fat.

11. (p. 234) Abdominal fat, which results in an apple-shaped distribution of fat in the body, is
referred to as
A. gynoid.
B. spheroid.
C. android.
D. plastoid.

7-4
12. (p. 236-237) Which of the following chronic diseases is associated with excess fat?
A. lupus and cancer
B. cardiovascular disease and cancer
C. AIDS and lupus
D. cancer and AIDS

Learning Objective: 07-03 Examine the relationship between body composition and health.
Topic: Body composition and health
13. (p. 238-239) The three components that make up the female athlete triad relate to
A. the immune system, muscular strength, and body temperature.
B. energy availability, vision, and oxygen uptake.
C. energy availability, menstruation, and bone health.
D. menstruation, bone health, and gastrointestinal function.

14. (p. 240) ________ refers to your mental picture of your body and how you feel about it.
A. Body composition
B. Body image
C. Visceral fat
D. Body mass index

7-5
15. (p. 240) Muscle dysmorphia is characterized by an obsessive belief that one's body is not
sufficiently
A. big or muscular.
B. slender.
C. tall.
D. proportional.

16. (p. 243) A body mass index (BMI) value of 30 or above indicates a classification of
A. underweight.
B. acceptable weight.
C. overweight.
D. obese.

Learning Objective: 07-04 Assess your body composition.
Topic: Assessing body composition
17. (p. 245) Which of the following measurements of body composition has the lowest margin of
error?
A. skinfold
B. underwater weighing
C. bioelectrical impedance analysis
D. dual X-ray absorptiometry

7-6
18. (p. 244) Using waist circumference as an indicator, males with a waist circumference greater
than ________ inches are at higher risk for health problems.
A. 34
B. 36
C. 38
D. 40

19. (p. 246) In terms of waist-to-hip ratio, which of the following values represents a threshold
for high health risk for a female?
A. 0.70
B. 0.88
C. 0.55
D. 0.68

20. (p. 248-250) Which of the following is FALSE regarding exercise, dieting, and body
composition?
A. One important function of exercise during a weight-loss program is that it helps preserve
muscle so that weight lost is fat.
B. Exercise is important, even if no weight is lost, because of the health benefits of exercise.
C. If you are losing weight at a slow rate while maintaining an exercise program, it is likely
you are losing muscle tissue.
D. Maintaining a small loss of fat is better than losing a large amount and then gaining it back
quickly.

Learning Objective: 07-05 Identify strategies for making changes in body composition.
Topic: Strategies to change body composition
7-7
21. (p. 251) In terms of calories expended (per pound per minute), which of the following
activities would expend the most calories?
A. sitting in class or at a computer
B. moderate-intensity cycling
C. shoveling snow
D. weight lifting

22. (p. 231) What term is used to classify body weight just above the recommended range
suggested for good health?
A. metabolism
B. overweight
C. obesity
D. body image

23. (p. 240) What is a psychological disorder characterized by extreme preoccupation with an
imagined defect in appearance?
A. body dysmorphic disorder
B. female athlete triad
C. obesity
D. autism

7-8
24. (p. 228) Which of the following is NOT a basic component of body composition?
A. muscle
B. bone
C. fat
D. blood

25. (p. 228) The typical range of essential fat in females is

A. 2-4 percent.
B. 3-5 percent.
C. 8-12 percent.
D. 12-16 percent.

26. (p. 229) The kind of fat that you can see and pinch with your fingers is called
A. visceral fat.
B. essential fat.
C. subcutaneous fat.
D. gynoid fat.

7-9
27. (p. 229) Storage fat is used by the body as a source of

A. water.
B. energy.
C. blood.
D. bile.

28. (p. 229-230) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding body composition and
metabolism?
A. A larger person will have a higher resting metabolism.
B. Resistance training is associated with an increased resting metabolic rate.
C. Muscle is less metabolically active than fat.
D. A person with a higher resting metabolic rate who is more physically active requires more
calories.

29. (p. 234) What type of fat distribution is relatively common in premenopausal women?
A. android
B. gynoid
C. subcutaneous
D. abdominal

7-10
30. (p. 234) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding body composition and
aging?
A. Adults who do not strength train lose 4-6 pounds of muscle mass for each decade of life.
B. Older adults usually have a higher percentage of body fat than younger adults.
C. Strength training can help build muscle and reduce fat at any age.
D. As people age, men tend to start losing muscle mass at a younger age than women.

True / False Questions
31. (p. 248) If your weight is currently stable, the two sides of your energy balance equation are
balanced.
TRUE

32. (p. 228) Essential fat in males is 5 to 7 percent of body weight.

FALSE

33. (p. 229) Visceral fat is internal storage fat, and it serves to cushion the organs.
TRUE

7-11
34. (p. 229) Because muscle is denser than fat, a pound of muscle occupies less space than a
pound of fat.
TRUE

35. (p. 229) For two people about the same size, the heavier of the two likely has a lower
percentage of muscle compared to fat.
FALSE

36. (p. 229) The term metabolism refers to all the processes that occur in the body for it to
function.
TRUE

37. (p. 230) Excess calories from any source—fats, proteins, or carbohydrates—can cause an
increase in body fat.
TRUE

7-12
38. (p. 231) Twenty years ago, the average weight for Americans in their 20s was about 15
pounds more than the average weight for Americans in their 20s today.
FALSE

39. (p. 229-230) A man will likely have a higher metabolic rate than a woman of the same weight.
TRUE

40. (p. 234) Men typically begin to experience a decline in muscle mass in their 40s.
FALSE

41. (p. 234) A pear-shaped distribution of fat is associated with more health risks than is an
apple-shaped distribution.
FALSE

7-13
42. (p. 235) At a given body weight, Latinos tend to have a higher percent body fat and a higher
percent of abdominal fat than whites and African Americans.
TRUE

43. (p. 236) Excess psychological stress is linked to lower energy intake, weight loss, and lower
abdominal fat.
FALSE

44. (p. 237) Research indicates that for both men and women, there is a relationship between
obesity and increased amounts of time spent looking at television and computer screens.
TRUE

45. (p. 237) Subcutaneous fat is linked to unhealthy cholesterol levels, insulin regulation
problems, and increased blood pressure.
FALSE

7-14
46. (p. 238) Falling below the minimal recommended fat percentage has unhealthy consequences
for males and females.
TRUE

47. (p. 238-239) The female athlete triad refers to a healthy triad of outcomes for exercising
females, including improved bone density, increased energy availability, and regular
menstruation.
FALSE

48. (p. 240) With body dysmorphic disorder, the focus tends to be on a particular body feature,
whereas with muscle dysmorphia, the focus is generally on an obsession with lack of
muscularity.
TRUE

49. (p. 240-241) The media tends to have a detrimental effect on females' body image, especially
adolescent girls.
TRUE

7-15
50. (p. 245) Realistically evaluating which aspects of your body you can and cannot change can
help to improve overall body image.
TRUE

51. (p. 242) Overall body weight is a better indicator of health than body-fat percentage.
FALSE

52. (p. 243) Body mass index (BMI) is a direct measure of body-fat percentage.
FALSE

53. (p. 243) BMI is calculated by dividing your height (in meters) by the square of your weight
(in kilograms).
FALSE

7-16
54. (p. 243) A BMI value of between 30.0 and 34.9 would classify one as overweight.
FALSE

55. (p. 243-244) BMI tends to be most accurate for those individuals such as athletes with higher-
than-average amounts of muscle mass.
FALSE

56. (p. 244) A male has his body-fat percentage assessed and his result is 10 percent body fat. If
the assessment method has a 2.5 percent margin of error, then his true measure of fat
percentage may be between 7.5 percent and 12.5 percent.
TRUE

57. (p. 245) In hydrostatic weighing, an individual sits in a small sealed chamber, such as a
BodPod, and body-fat percentage is calculated from the amount of air displacement measured
by computer sensors.
FALSE

7-17
58. (p. 244) For men, a waist circumference of more than 36 inches represents a higher risk for
health problems.
FALSE

59. (p. 246) For a male, a waist-to-hip ratio of more than 0.94 represents a very high-risk
category.
TRUE

60. (p. 248-249) Resistance training should be incorporated into an exercise program in order to
improve body composition.
TRUE

61. (p. 249) In order to prevent weight gain, it is recommended that you engage in a minimum of
150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
TRUE

7-18
62. (p. 243) BMI can accurately measure the difference between weight from fat and weight
from lean tissue.
FALSE

63. (p. 245) Measurements of folds of skin and subcutaneous fat are used in the skinfold
measurement assessment method.
TRUE

64. (p. 229) Subcutaneous fat is storage fat found around and between organs in the abdomen.
FALSE

65. (p. 240) Muscle dysmorphia is a form of body dysmorphia more common in females.
FALSE

7-19
Essay Questions
66. (p. 228-229) Briefly explain why some fat tissue is necessary within the body.
Fat can be divided into two categories: essential fat and storage fat. Essential fat is found
within the central nervous system, in bone marrow, and in various organs. Fat is key to
normal body functions, including neural transmission and reproductive functioning. Storage
fat is further divided into visceral fat and subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat provides cushiony
protection for internal organs, and subcutaneous fat helps to insulate the body and regulate
body temperature. Storage fat is also a key site for energy storage.

67. (p. 229-230) Describe the three components that comprise the body's overall metabolism.
Metabolism is a function of (1) resting metabolic rate—the amount of energy required to

maintain respiration, circulation, temperature regulation, and other essential body processes
when at rest; (2) dietary thermogenesis—the energy required for digesting food; and (3)
physical activity.

68. (p. 231) Briefly differentiate the terms overweight and obese.
Overweight refers to a body weight above a recommended base range; obesity is a serious
degree of overweight characterized by excessive body fat.

7-20
69. (p. 243-244) Briefly explain the disadvantage of using body mass index (BMI) in making
inferences about body composition.
BMI is only an indirect indicator of body composition based on a relationship of height and
weight. It is most accurate for non-athletes. It tends to classify certain groups of people
inaccurately, including athletes, persons with well-developed muscles, and older adults.

70. (p. 234) Briefly explain why men tend to gain fat around the waist whereas women gain
weight in the hips.
While there is variation across individuals, apple-shaped (android) fat distribution is more
common in men and pear-shaped (gynoid) fat distribution is more common in women. Much
of the difference in fat distribution is thought to be related to differences in hormonal
production, with estrogen related to the fat distribution in the hips and thighs in women.

71. (p. 238-239) Your friend is complaining to you that he and his brother are fat, yet he has
cousins who are skinny. He wants to know, since they share a genetic background, why they
are not more alike. How would you answer your friend?
Point out that not only are genetics a factor, but that age, gender, and the environment
influence body composition. Mention specific lifestyle factors that also play a role.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluate

7-21
72. (p. 238) Explain whether you can be overweight and healthy at the same time.
Possibly. Some factors to consider include age and weight history, body-fat distribution,
lifestyle, and current risk factors. Exercise reduces independent health risks and provides
health benefits (such as improved cholesterol levels and a healthier cardiorespiratory system).
So it is possible that you can become healthier yet remain above your recommended weight.

73. (p. 238-238) Jean is an avid distance runner who exercises a lot. She recently stopped
menstruating and has had very little energy. Upon visiting her doctor, the physician
mentioned the possibility that she was experiencing the female athlete triad. She asks you to
explain this disorder to her. What do you tell her?
Explain how excess exercise can leave the body with inadequate energy, which can lead to the
symptoms she describes.

74. (p. 242) Your friend has a teenage daughter who is having difficulty with her body image.
She wants to know what suggestions you have for her daughter on being more accepting of
her body. What advice might you provide to your friend?
Different strategies include: focusing on positives and healthy habits; realistically evaluating
what aspects of your body you can change; setting small and attainable goals; avoiding
negative self-talk about your body; recognizing the purpose of advertisements in the fitness
and beauty industries; and not judging yourself or others by appearance.

7-22
Fill in the Blank Questions
75. (p. 234) The type of fat typically stored in the hip and thigh region of the body is called
________ fat.
gynoid

76. (p. 228) Storage fat is commonly referred to as ________ tissue.

adipose

77. (p. 229-230) In terms of the body's metabolism, resistance training is associated with an
increase in ________ metabolic rate.
resting

78. (p. 231) The term "________" generally refers to a body weight just above a recommended
range based on large-scale population surveys.
overweight

7-23
79. (p. 234) Your health risks are greater if your body stores excess ________ in your abdomen
rather than in your hips and thighs.
fat

80. (p. 238-239) The female athlete triad is a condition in active females that develops from low
energy levels and is characterized by loss of bone density and by ________.
amenorrhea

81. (p. 243) The indirect measure of body fat that is calculated by dividing your weight (in
kilograms) by the square of your height (in meters) is called the ________.
body mass index

82. (p. 245) In the method of body composition assessment called ________, a small electrical
current is sent through the body and the body's resistance to the current is recorded.
bioelectrical impedance analysis

7-24
83. (p. 249-250) In order to lose a modest amount of weight or maintain weight loss, it is
recommended that you engage in about ________ minutes a day of moderate-intensity
exercise.
50

84. (p. 243) A body mass index of less than 18.5 would classify you as ________.
underweight

85. (p. 248) When assessing the best way to lose body fat it is important to look at both sides of
the ________ equation.
energy balance

86. (p. 231) A serious degree of overweight characterized by an excessive amount of body fat is
called ________.
obesity

7-25
Matching Questions
87. (p. 243, 245) Match the appropriate body-composition assessment with its description.
1. bioelectrical impedance method in which a small electrical current is

analysis sent through the body 1
method in which body weight is divided by the
2. hydrostatic weighing square of height 3
method that was originally developed for
3. body mass index measuring bone density 4
4. dual X-ray method in which an individual is submerged
absorptiometry under water 2

88. (p. 228, 229, 234) Match the body-fat term with its description.
apple-shaped fat distribution, with fat deposited in the

1. gynoid abdominal region 3
2. essential fat necessary for normal functioning 2
pear-shaped fat distribution, with fat deposited in the hip
3. android and thigh region 1
4. subcutaneous fat found just beneath the surface of the skin 4
storage fat that provides a protection for organs such as the
5. visceral heart, kidneys, and intestines 5

7-26

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Multiple Choice Questions

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3. (p. 228) Essential fat is the fat that is found

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4. (p. 228) Which of the following is FALSE regarding essential fat?

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9. (p. 231) As fat is lost from the body, fat cells

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25. (p. 228) The typical range of essential fat in females is

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27. (p. 229) Storage fat is used by the body as a source of

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32. (p. 228) Essential fat in males is 5 to 7 percent of body weight.

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