STATICALLY INDETERMINATE

PLANE TRUSS
DR NORHAFIZAH BINTI SALLEH
 Introduction
• Statically indeterminate – when the number
of unknown reactions or internal forces
exceeds the number of equilibrium equations
available for its analysis
• Most of the structure design today are
statically indeterminate
 Advantages
• For a given loading, the maximum stress and
deflection of an indeterminate structure are
generally smaller than statically determinate
• Statically indeterminate structure tends to
redistribute its load to its redundant support
in cases where faulty design or overloading
occur. In these cases, the structure maintains
its stability and collapse is prevented
 Disadvantages
• The cost is more to construct the supports and
joints of an indeterminate structure compared to
determinate one
• Any deformation, such as that caused by relative
support displacement, or changes in member
lengths caused by temperature or fabrication
errors, will introduced additional stresses in
structure, which must be considered when
designing indeterminate structure
 Type of Statically
Indeterminate Structure
1) External Indeterminate
• Related with reaction
• The number of reactions of the structure
exceed the number of equilibrium equations
in analysis
 Type of Statically Indeterminate
Structure
2) Internal Indeterminate
• Related with the framework construction
• Some of the framework or trusses should have an
adequate number of members for stability
intentions.
• If inadequate number of members were
detected, structure is classified as unstable
• If the redundant number of members were
determined, the structures is classified as
statically indeterminate
 Example
Prove the truss is statically external
indeterminate.
𝑚 = 7, 𝑟 = 4, 𝑗 = 5
𝑚 + 𝑟 = 11
2𝑗 = 10
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦
𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 1 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑦

𝑟 > 3 − 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒

Exercise
Exercise
 ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES WITH
EXTERNAL REDUNDANT

• Since the truss is external statically indeterminate, choose one of

the support reaction to be the redundant
• It must satisfy 2 conditions:
1. It must be statically determinate
2. It must be stable
• Let choose B as redundant
 ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES
WITH EXTERNAL REDUNDANT

• When the reaction at B is removed, there will be vertical deflection at

B. Now, the type of truss is determinate. Find member forces, F’
 ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES WITH
EXTERNAL REDUNDANT

• then, 1 unit load is applied at B. Removed original load. Find new

member forces, µ
σ 𝐹′𝜇𝐿/𝐴𝐸
• 𝑅𝐵 = − σ 𝜇2 𝐿/𝐴𝐸
• 𝐹 = 𝐹 ′ + 𝑅𝐵 𝜇
 Example
Prove the truss is external statically indeterminate. Determine the
reactions and internal forces of the trusses. The modulus of
elasticity (E) of each member is constant
Find F’:
Find forces due to 1 kN, 𝝁:
Example
Example
ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES WITH
INTERNAL REDUNDANT

• The truss has 1 redundant member and classified as statically internal

indeterminate to the first degree
• The truss those have “internal redundant members” can be determined
by using the same concept as “external redundant members”
σ 𝐹 ′ 𝜇𝐿/𝐴𝐸
• 𝑋= − σ 𝜇2 𝐿/𝐴𝐸
• 𝐹= 𝐹 ′ + 𝑋. 𝜇
ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES WITH
INTERNAL REDUNDANT
Example
 σ 𝐹 ′ 𝜇𝐿/𝐴𝐸
𝑋= − σ 𝜇2𝐿/𝐴𝐸 =2.16 kN (tension)
Example
Assume that CE member is redundant
 𝐹 ′ 𝜇𝐿
σ 85.21
𝐹𝐶𝐸 =− 𝐴𝐸 =− = −6.02𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
𝜇2 𝐿 14.16
σ
𝐴𝐸
Thank you