ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY

DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

MODULE 2_TOPIC 2_WEEK 3

ENGR. CHEZANIE MIYA S. ASUNCION
 • Analysis and Design
process of Structural
Engineering
• Division of Civil
Engineering
I. INTRODUCTION • Classification of
Structures
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS • Structural System
PREVIOUS TOPICS • Types of Structures
• Types of Support

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TOPICS TO BE DISCUSS

Equilibrium of Equations

Static Determinacy, Indeterminate

and Instability

Computation of Reaction

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EQUILIBRIUM OF EQUATIONS
The equilibrium requirements for structures in two and three dimensions are stated
below,

∑Fx = 0; ∑Fy = 0; ∑Mz = 0

Equilibrium in Three Dimensions, when a structure in three dimensions, that is, in a

space, must satisfy the following six requirements to remain in equilibrium when
acted upon by external forces

∑Fx = 0; ∑Fy = 0; ∑Fz = 0;s

∑Mx = 0; ∑My = 0; ∑Mz = 0;
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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
The STABILITY (CONCURRENT AND PARALLEL)tress in the web is:

• To ensure the equilibrium of a structure or its members, it is not only

necessary to satisfy the equations of equilibrium, but the members must
also be properly held or constrained by their supports.

r < 3n ; unstable
r > 3n ; unstable if the members are concurrent or parallel
or some of the components form a collapsible mechanism
where,
n = the total parts of structure members
r = the total number of unknown reactive force and moment components
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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
CAUSES OF INSTABILITY ON STRUCTURES:

• Partial Constraints - when a structure or one of its members may

have fewer reactive forces than the equations of equilibrium.

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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
CAUSES OF INSTABILITY ON STRUCTURES:
• Improper Constraints – In some cases there may be as many
unknown forces as there are equations of equilibrium, however,
instability can develop due to improper placement of supports.

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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
CAUSES OF INSTABILITY ON STRUCTURES:
• Improper Constraints – In some cases there may be as many
unknown forces as there are equations of equilibrium, however,
instability can develop due to improper placement of supports.

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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY

• Statically determinate are those structure in which the reactions of the

supports may be determined by the use of the equation of equilibrium but if
the number of reactions exerted upon the structure exceeds the number of
equations in static equilibrium, the structure is said to be statically
indeterminate.
• Determinacy is the ability to compute support reactions using plain statics. That
is, if a structure is determinate, the equations of equilibrium are sufficient to
find all the forces.

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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY

• Statically Indeterminate
• Structures having more unknown forces than the available equilibrium
equations.
• - Additional equations were needed to solve for the unknown reactions, these
equations are obtained by relating the applied loads and reactions to the
displacement or slope at different points on the structures. These equations are
referred to as the compatibility equations, and the number of such equations is
termed as degree of indeterminacy of the structure.
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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
• The conditions of determinacy, indeterminacy, and instability of beams
and frames can be stated as follows:
r < 3n ; the structure is statically unstable externally
r = 3n ; the structure is statically determinate externally
r >3n ; the structure is statically indeterminate externally
where,
n = the total parts of structure members
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r = the total number of unknown reactive force and moment components
 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
• Degree of Indeterminacy is the difference between the number of
reactions (forces and moment) and the number of equations that can
be made (static equilibrium).
Degree of Indeterminacy = (𝑏 + 𝑟) − 2𝑗 ; for truss

Where;
b – no. of members of the truss
r – no. of reactions
j – no. of joints
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 STABILITY AND DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
• Degree of Indeterminacy is the difference between the number of
reactions (forces and moment) and the number of equations that can
be made (static equilibrium).
Degree of Indeterminacy = 𝑟 − 3𝑛 ; for frames and beams

W here;
r – no. of reaction
n – no. of free-body diagram

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EXAMPLE !!!!
Problem 1:
Classify each of the structures in the figure below as stable or
unstable. The structures are subjected to arbitrary external
loads that are assumed to be known.
 r=3n
3=3(1)
3=3

Findings!
The member is stable since the reactions
are non-concurrent and nonparallel. It is
also statically determinate.
Findings!
The member is unstable since the
reaction is parallel..
 r=3n
8=3(2)
8>6

Findings!
The member is stable but statically
indeterminate to the 2nd Degree.

Degree of Indeterminacy
= 8 − 3(2) =2
Findings!
The member is unstable since the three
reaction are concurrent to B.
 r=3n
7=3(3)
7<9

Findings!
The member is unstable externally since
the three reaction are concurrent to B.
EXAMPLE !!!!
Problem no. 2. Classify each of the beams shown below as
statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If statically
indeterminate, report the number of degrees of indeterminacy.
The beams are subjected to external loadings that are assumed
to be known and can act anywhere on the beams.
 r=3n
3=3(1)
3=3

Findings!
The member is statically determinate
 r=3n
5=3(1)
5>3

Degree of Indeterminacy
= 5 − 3(1) =2
Findings!
The member is statically indeterminate
to the 2nd Degree
 r=3n
6=3(2)
6=6

Findings!
The member is statically determinate
EXAMPLE !!!!
Problem no. 3. Classify each of the frames shown in figure
below as statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If
statically indeterminate, report the number of degrees of
indeterminacy. The frames are subjected to external loadings
that are assumed to be known and can act anywhere on the
frames.
 r=3n
9=3(2)
9>6

Degree of Indeterminacy
= 9 − 3(2) =3
Findings!
The member is statically indeterminate
to the 3rd Degree
 r=3n
9=3(3)
15>9

Degree of Indeterminacy
= 15 − 3(3) =6
Findings!
The member is statically indeterminate
to the 6th Degree
 r=3n
6=3(2)
6=6
Findings!
The member is statically determinate
End of Discussion, Thank you for
Listening!!!