TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Synthesis Reactions:
• A chemical reaction in which two or more elements or
compounds combine to form a single larger compound

A + B AB
+

magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

2 Mg + O2 2 MgO

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Types of Chemical Reactions
1. Synthesis Reactions:

A + B A
B

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Types of Chemical Reactions
2. Decomposition Reactions:
• A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down
into elements or smaller compounds

AB A + B
+

sodium iodide sodium + iodin

e
2 Na 2 Na + I2
I
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Types of Chemical Reactions
2. Decomposition Reactions:

A A + B
B

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Types of Chemical Reactions
3. Single Displacement Reactions:
• A chemical reaction in which one element displaces another
element in a compound

AB + C CB + A
+ +

calcium sodium
+ sodium + calcium
chloride chlorid
e
CaCl2 + 2Na 2 NaC + C
l a
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Types of Chemical Reactions
3. Single Displacement Reactions:
Note:
If the element is a metal it displaces the metal in the compound
If the element is a non-metal it displaces the non-metal in the compound

AB + C CB + A

+
+

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Types of Chemical Reactions
4. Double Displacement Reactions:
• A chemical reaction that occurs when elements in different
compounds exchange places to form two new compounds

AB + CD AD + CB

+ +

lead(II) potassium lead(II potassium

+ +
nitrate iodide ) nitrate
iodide
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI PbI2 + 2KNO3
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Types of Chemical Reactions
4. Double Displacement Reactions:

AB + CD AD + CB

+ +

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 Types of Chemical Reactions
Examples:

1. 2 H2 + O2 2 H 2O synthesis

single
2. 2 KI + Cl2 2 KCl + I2 displacement
3. 2 NaI + Pb(NO3)2 2 NaNO3 + PbI2 double
displacemen
4. 6 NaHCO3 3 Na2CO3 + 3 H2O + 3 CO2 t
decomposition
5. 2 AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag single
displacement
6. H2O + SO3 H2SO4 synthesis
7. 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2 decomposition
8. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 2 NaCl(aq) + BaSO4 double
displacement

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Types of Chemical Reactions
5. Combustion Reactions:
• rapid reaction of a hydrocarbon (organic compound
composed of only C & H) with oxygen
Note:
Hydrocarbons
• make excellent fuels, contain
high energy covalent bonds
• this energy (heat & light) is
released when the bonds are
broken during combustion

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Types of Chemical Reactions
Example: (complete combustion)

Carbon
hydrocarbon + oxygen heat
dioxide
+ water

always the products

of complete combustion

Carbon
methane + oxygen hea
dioxide
+ water
t

CH4 + 2O2 hea CO2 + 2 H2O

t

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Types of Chemical Reactions
Example: (incomplete combustion)
Carbon Carbon
hydrocarbon + oxygen heat +
dioxide monoxide+ Carbon + water

oxygen
butane + heat Carbon Carbon
+ + Carbon + water
dioxide monoxide

C4H10 + 5O2 heat

2 CO2 + CO + C + 5 H2O
Incomplete Combustion:
• not enough oxygen is available to completely burn the
hydrocarbon
• four products are always produced (CO2, CO, C, H2O)
• carbon produced during incomplete combustion is responsible
for black soot (i.e. fireplaces, tail pipes etc)
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