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cover page (لاب قياسات تجربة 3)
cover page (لاب قياسات تجربة 3)
Experiment #3
NTC Thermistor
Experiment #2
Calibration of Gas pressure and BI-metal
Thermometers
Bi-metal
Thermometer
Reference Indicated Deviation Error (%)
Temperature Temperature (difference) (°C)
(°C) (°C)
0 0 0 0
25 19 6 24
30 23 7 23.34
35 27 8 22.85
40 30 10 25
45 35 10 22.23
50 38 12 24
55 45 10 18.18
60 51 9 15
65 55 10 15.38
Gas (Vapor)
Thermometer
Reference Indicated Deviation Error (%)
Temperature Temperature (difference)
(°C) (°C) (°C)
0 0 0 0
25 22 3 12
30 23 7 23.34
35 30 5 14.3
40 38 2 5
45 39 6 13.3
50 41 9 18
55 44 11 20
6 50 10 16.67
65 42 23 35.4
➢ Sample of calculations:
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
➢ Gas pressure device:
Indicated temperature
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
➢ Discussion:
Through the results when using a gas presser device, the highest
error was 35.4% and the lowest was 5%. And when using Bi-metal
device the highest error was 23.34% and the lowest was 15%. This
Indicates that the accuracy of Bi – metal device is higher than gas
presser device. and the high error rate was a result of personal
mistake in reading the gauge.
➢ OBJECTIVE:
1. To show how the NTC Thermistor works.
2. To show the non-linearity of the NTC Thermistor.
➢ THEORY:
The apparatus comprises a thermistor, which is a type of thermal
resistor. It operates in a comparable manner to resistance
thermometers, but instead of using a metal, it employs a
semiconductor material as an electrical resistor.
Materials:
Temperature Measurement and Calibration Apparatus (TD400).
The parts of this device are:
• Heater tank with drain tap.
• Icebox.
➢ Sample of calculations:
R = E \ I = (280.4*10^-3) \ (1*10^-3) = 280.4 Ω
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
➢ Discussion:
In this experiment, we investigated the temperature-dependent behavior of NTC
thermistors. NTC thermistors are temperature-sensitive resistors that exhibit a
decrease in resistance as temperature increases.
The data obtained from the experiment allowed us to plot a resistance-
temperature curve for the NTC thermistor. We observed that the resistance of
the thermistor decreased as the temperature increased, and this relationship
could be accurately described by the resistance-temperature curve. And during
the experiment, it was found that the device's highest error rate was 177.8%,
which is a very high error, indicating that the device has low accuracy. Several
factors could potentially cause errors in an NTC thermistor experiment, and some
of these factors include:
• Calibration error: NTC thermistors can have some degree of manufacturing
variation, which can affect their resistance-temperature relationship. To
account for this, it is essential to calibrate the thermistor before the
experiment. If the calibration is incorrect, the resulting resistance-
temperature curve will be inaccurate.
• Time lag: NTC thermistors can have a slow response time, which means
that them resistance may not change immediately when the temperature
changes.