Refrigeration and Liquefaction

- ChE 307

Dr. Kawnish Kirtania

Department of Chemical Engineering, BUET

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 Thermodynamics and heat

• They are related very closely

• Thermodynamics deals with heat very closely for

an array of applications

• One of them is cooling through refrigeration

cycle

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 Air conditioner

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 Indoor Unit

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 Inside the Indoor unit

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 Cooing coils (heat exchanger with fins)

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 Outdoor unit

Water
discharge

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 Vapor compression refrigeration cycle

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 Vapor compression refrigeration cycle

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 Carnot’s refrigerator

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 Choice of refrigerant

• In the early age, many halogenated refrigerants

were used (like CFC)

• Due to their effect on the ozone layer depletion,

only environment friendly refrigerants are used
now

• Examples are R134A (HFC), tetrafluoroethane (it

does not contain any chlorine) or,
pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)

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 Cascading

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 Absorption Refrigeration

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 Heat Pump

• Heat pump is a reversed heat engine

• Can be used for heating houses during winter

and cooling during summer

• Coils are kept underground to have a sink or,

source over the year

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 How does heat pump work?

• How does it work in summers?

• An air source heat pump is akin to your refrigerator that
draws out the entire warm air inside and throws it out
through the coils, keeping the interior of the fridge cool. The
air source heat pump pulls the warmth out of your house,
leaving it cooler.

• How does it work in winters?

• In winters, it does the exact opposite. The heat pump pulls
heat from exterior air and uses it to warm your house. Heat
can be extracted from the environment, even at temperatures
as low at 0 degrees Celsius or less.

KK Ref: https://sandium.com/hvac-technology/advantages-of-an-air-source-heat-pump.html 15
 How does heat pump work?

KK Source: https://sandium.com/hvac-technology/advantages-of-an-air-source-heat-pump.html 16
 Liquefaction

Linde Process
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 Liquefaction (cont’d)

KK Claude Process 18
 Thermodynamic properties of R134A

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 Properties of R134A

KK More accurate data could be found from NIST Webbook 20

 Questions?

End of Lecture

Website: https://kkdwip.buet.ac.bd/

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