CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction

The Philippines is an archipelago country comprising different islands surrounded by

water. Those islands serve as habitats for aquatic animals. Marine species have different

behaviors and mechanism in terms of reproduction. Some are leaving the eggs; separation of

body parts such as in fishes, where the exoskeleton is removed, and shell or skin reduction in

crustacean creatures such as crabs and shrimp. With the large population of animals in marine

ecosystems, a large volume of waste is generated throughout the years [1].

Marine waste can be classified into two parts: waste produced by humans and waste

produced by animals. Waste produced by humans are mainly composed of plastics, cigarettes,

beverage bottles, food wrappers and even vessels. Waste from animals includes shell of

crustacean creatures, exoskeleton of bony fish, and dead animals which produce wide range of

negative effects in the marine ecosystem, wildlife, and human health. The Government seek to

mitigate the hazardous effects of marine pollution by effective enforcement of best practices that

must be done in the aquatic vicinity [2]. One of the best practices is the prevention of waste

generation and exploiting the waste to be a beneficial product – in economical way [3].

One of the marine wastes that could give benefits to the other sectors is shrimp skin.

Shrimp skin is a part rich in lean protein, healthy fats and minerals. Consumption of shrimp shell

can boost immunity, improve holistic health, and enhance immunity [4]. For poultry animals,

shrimp skin contains protein that could help animals for their growth, egg production, and

immunity. The presence of astaxanthin in shrimp skin can serve as substitute in improving the
egg yolk color instead of using synthetic pigmenting agents [5]. The addition of shrimp skin in

poultry diet gives significant impact in economical way. Instead of using soybean meal as a

protein source, shrimp skin can give the same benefit but no cost since it is considered waste.

Sustainable source of protein can be added in making pellets for poultry animals as its explicit

importance in nutrition and valorization.

The process of making pellets includes the selection of materials, grinding of raw

materials, pelletizing and cooling. Most of poultry industry utilize different machines for the

whole process: the grinding machine and pelletizing machine. The utilization of various machine

imposes negative impacts in poultry industry in terms of cost-effectivity and time efficacy. As a

result, the idea of innovation and automation is the best way to solve the problem.

Innovation is the technology of the present world. Innovating the process of feed making

by combining two core process in one machine: the grinding and pelletizing, will increase the

efficiency and effectiveness of the whole production. It also reduces human efforts by decreasing

the workload of every worker. Automation increases the production time of any product such as

poultry feeds. The poultry industry explicit part-by-part process principle which requires a lot of

time and workers. With this scenario, innovating the whole process by fabricating a machine

with two mechanisms could solve the problem.

The researchers seek to conduct this study to fabricate a semi-automated shrimp skin

grinding and pelletizing machine to maximize the full potential of decreasing the production time

and optimizing the utilization of sustainable raw materials. Furthermore, this will be beneficial to

the rising world of technological advancement, automation, and valorization. The researchers

seek to optimize the full potential of waste materials to produce benefits in different sectors.
1.2 Statement of the Problem

Sustainable materials are one of the considered emerging factors in order for the industry

to attain the effectiveness and efficiency of their product. The search for sustainable materials

can be done through valorization of waste materials like shrimp skin. Most of the time, shrimp

skin perceived to be waste and pollutant in different ecosystem. Despite of hazardous effect of

shrimp skins, it contains different vitamins and minerals. The extraction of different vitamins like

protein and calcium from shrimp skin can beneficial to the other sector like poultry industries.

The research aims to utilize shrimp skin as a source of protein for making pellets or feeds.

In the world of pelletizing industry, most of the machines that had been produced

throughout the years are solidifying-focused machines. Since the raw material that are needed to

produce pellets or feeds are in the mesh form or grinded form, the process of pelletizing is

usually costly and time consuming as it requires two machine to finish the whole process. In

response to this circumstance, the research aims to fabricate a shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine that will efficiently operate and process the product. This machine seeks to

optimize the time spent in pelletizing the raw materials and to be cost-effective as it only uses

one motor for the two machines. The maximum capacity of the machine to produce large

quantity of pellets will be determined. The effectiveness of shrimp skin as a protein source for

making pellets will also be determined. These factors will serve as a potential solution to the

emerging problem.

1.3 Objectives

General Objective
 The general objective of this study is to fabricate a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine.

Specific Objectives

 Conceptualize and develop a 3D design of the grinding and pelletizing machine using computer-

aided design software, which comprises the part design, machine assembly design, application of

the materials, and the FEA analysis to determine if the materials used could handle different

stresses and deformations.

 Assess the quality of shrimp skin as protein and calcium source by examining the overall health

of poultry animals

 Assess the quality and texture of the pellets compared to pre-existing pelletizing machine

 Observe and compare the overall performance and efficiency of the shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study will analyze and answer the problem by fabricating a semi-automated shrimp skin

grinding and pelletizing machine consisting of a grinding machine and pelletizing machine combined in

one machine frame. Moreover, the results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

To the Students.

At the end of this study, students will gain new knowledge and understanding

about the benefits of utilizing sustainable materials like shrimp skin as protein source in

making feeds for poultry animals. In addition, students will be able to understand how

Shrimp Skin Grinding and Pelletizing machine works.

To the Future Researchers.

 The findings of the study will serve as reference material and a guide for

researchers who wish to conduct the same developing study or any related to the

Fabrication of a Semi-automated Shrimp Skin Grinding and Pelletizing Machine.

Moreover, the importance of valorization of different waste materials to make economical

profit will be a consideration for the researchers in their future study. This study will also

guide and motivate them to strive even harder to have a detailed understanding of the

study.

To the Machine Operators.

This study is beneficial to the machine operators since it will reduce the

workforce to be exerted and achieve maximum productivity and efficiency in grinding

the raw materials up to making the pellets.

To the Manufacturing Industry.

The findings of this study will be beneficial to them through gaining new

knowledge to improve manufacturing machines and considering the optimum utilization

of raw materials by valorization of wastes to improve efficiency of the production.

Moreover, the study will be beneficial through gaining new insight in using shrimp skin

as a protein source in making feeds.

To the Poultry Industry.

This study is beneficial to the poultry industry through gaining new insight on

using shrimp skin as protein source in their pellets and exploring new source of raw

material from valorization of wastes. Moreover, the production will be more effective in

terms of optimum utilization of raw materials, cost effective, efficiency, and efficacy.

To the Marine Waste Management Authority

 At the end of this study, marine researchers will be able to understand how to

mitigate the harmful effect of waste by valorization of waste coming from aquatic

ecosystem.

To the Poultry Dieticians

This study is beneficial to the poultry dieticians through gaining understanding

on the effect of shrimp skin as protein source to the holistic health of poultry animals.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

This study would only use publicly available data from legitimate websites, journal publications,

conference proceedings papers, patents, newsletters, magazines and scholarly published articles.

This study would be delimited to the fabrication of semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine and a container for the finished product. The grinded shrimp skin will serve as the

substitute primary source of protein for the finished pellets. Moreover, the machine consists of two

different machines: grinding machine and pelletizing machine, which empowered by one electrical motor.

The grinding machine is not only limited for the purpose of grinding the shrimp skin, it also applicable to

the grinding of different raw materials such as corn, wheats, and other solid raw material. The finished

product from the pelletizing machine is classified into three parts based on their size: 2 mm for fish and

bird; 4 mm for chicken broiler; and 6 mm for cow, cattle, goat, and pig.