CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE DIFFERENT DISASTERS THAT HITS THE PHILIPPINES FOR THE LAST 3 YEARS

TYPHOON

Location Date of Damage to Casualties Impact to the Remarks

Occurrence Agriculture Local Economy

Island of November "This is the highest According to the USAID estimated In 2013, Typhoon Yolanda
11, 2013 that Typhoon (also know as Typhoon
Leyte, in damage to Philippines Haiyan) struck the
the Eastern agriculture since National Disaster Yolanda affected Philippines and was the
the income stream deadliest typhoon in the
Visayas, [Super Typhoon] Risk Reduction and
of 5.9 million, country's history. Over six
Philippine Yolanda (Haiyan), Management workers 'as a thousand people lost
s which was at P35 Council their lives and over 1
result of million people's homes
billion," Piñol said. (NDRRMC) , 6,300 infrastructure were damaged, displacing
Central Luzon people were damage, lack of over 600,000 people. Here
registered the killed by Haiyan, a access to is how Give2Asia's local
markets, and partners engaged in the
highest damage, further 1,062 were response.
disrupted cash
amounting to P13. missing, and 28,688
flow' (USAID
9 billion. ... Piñol were injured. 2014: 2).
admitted that the
Department of
Agriculture (DA)
does not have
enough funds to
rehabilitate the
 affected areas.

Coron, November destroyed more 116 Typhoon Lupit (Ramil) has

02, 2017 now resumed its westward
than P1 million progress and remains on
worth of track to cross the northern
Palawan part of Luzon in the
agricultural crops
Philippine
in this capital town
of Aurora province,
and many
residential areas
were inundated as
the rains continued
at the weekend.

IloIlo City January 04, Damage to Agaton death toll: Bolaven, known in Tropical
agriculture due to the Philippines as Depression Agaton could
Tropical make landfall in Caraga
Tropical At least 40 either Monday night, ...
2018 Depression Agato
Depression Agaton n, was the third January 1, the country's
in Western Visayas system first tropical cyclone for
was estimated at to impact the 2018.
around P500 Visayas and
million. Mindanao since
December 2017
Visayas and February 18– Damages from crops At least 18 people In Leyte and most On 18:00 UTC of February
Mindanao 19, 2001 and property have died, with most of of Mindanao, 17, both the JMA and
been estimated these deaths due to flooding submerged PAGASA began to track a
tropical depression that
at ₱200 million landslides that the homes of
was located about 324 km
(US$4.16 million). occurred from the 159,785 people. (201 mi) to the northeast
torrential rain. of Surigao of Northern
Mindanao.[

Northern July 22–23, Damage of the a disturbance with Tropical Depression

Luzon 2000: flooding brought by a large area of Huaning affects Northern
Luzon with moderate to
the extratropical rotation formed
heavy rainfall.
remnants of south east of
Bolaven the Philippines
in Primorsky
Krai exceeded 600
million rubles ($21.
6 million, 2000
USD).[8]
Northern Luzon,
July 13, but no damage or casualties were Tropical Depression
Central Luzon, Gloring passes
Southern Luzon, 2000 reported.
over Central
Bicol Region, and Luzon bringing heavy
Parts of Visayas rainfall, but fortunately no
damages or casualties were
reported.
 Typhoon Bilis
(Isang) and its August 22, Typhoon Bilis, known in
outer rain the Philippines as Typhoon
bands affect the Isang, was the
strongest tropical
extreme 2000:
cyclone in the western
northern Luzon Pacific during 2000 and
and Batanes wit wrought considerable
h rainfall and damage
gusty winds. in Taiwan and China in
August of that year.

Babuyan Tropical Depression

Group of Konsing passes by the Babuyan
May 21, On May 20, a low Group of Islands.
Islands. 2000 pressure area
formed south of
Hong Kong and
drifted east
towards the
Philippines. On
May 21 the low
pressure area
rapidly organized
and strengthened
into a tropical
depression.
However it
quickly dissipated
due to vertical
 wind shear.
:Tropical Storm Nangka
(Dodong) passes the extreme
Northern June 2, Northern Luzon.

Luzon. 2003

:Typhoon Chanchu
Albay, May 10–12, crop damage there (Caloy) moves through central
throughout the Warm waters and
Philippines. 100 homes were
reached country, 41 people favorable outflow knocked off due to gusty winds
NT$158.88 million died, and damage allowed the storm in Albay, Bicol, while Metro
Bico; 2006 (NTD, reached ₱117.57 to quickly Manila experienced power
US$5 million). million (PHP, intensify to outages.
US$2.15 million). peak maximum
sustained winds of
175 km/h
(110 mph) on
May 15.
Luzon Tropical Depression
November Damage from the but A depression, Winnie worsens flooding
28–30, 2004 depression was catastrophic tropical which formed east over much of Luzon.
estimated at cyclone that killed of Samar, brought Catastrophic damages
678.7 million Philip nearly 1,600 people heavy rain to areas occurred and the storm
pine after triggering where it passed killed about 1,596 people.
pesos (US$14.6 mill widespread flooding through, and
ion). in the Philippines. affecting many
areas, owing to
Winnie’s large
cloudiness.
Tropical Storm Neoguri
Palawan April 13– causing moderate Three deaths . The typhoon left (Ambo) makes landfall
damage totaling occurred in China. 40 fishermen over Palawan. Heavy rain
over ¥296 million missing in the occurred in the island
14, 2008 (2008 RMB, South China Sea. along
$42 million Neoguri brought with Leyte and Metro
2008 USD). heavy rainfall as Manila
 it made its final
landfall on China

affected August 3– destroyed over 300 Heavy rains from Kammuri Tropical Depression
BBatanes 6, 2008 homes while Kammuri in developed as a Julian affected Bata
and damaging over Vietnam led to the tropical nes and
the Babuy 3,500 others. loss of at least 100 depression on the Babuyan Group
lives August 4 to the
an Group of Islands with
north of the island
of Islands of Luzon. With
Tropical Cyclone
the depression Warning Signal No.
then intensifying 1
into a Tropical
storm the next
day

Cagayan October damage was communities. damage was Typhoon

somewhat limited Thirty-four people somewhat limited
in the Philippines were killed in in the Philippines
29–30, due to the lower various incidents, due to the lower Cimaron batters Cagay
population density mostly from population
of the affected flooding. density of the
2006 an as a Category 5
areas. Widespread affected areas.
flooding and Widespread
landslides caused flooding and super typhoon. At least
substantial landslides caused
disruptions to substantial
travel and isolated disruptions to 34 people died.
some communities. travel and isolated
some
communities.
Thirty-four
people were
killed in various
 incidents, mostly
from flooding.
Nearly
365,000 people
were affected by
the storm and
losses amounted
to
1.21 billion PHP (
US$31 million)

Ilocos, September When PAGASA Tropical Depression

issued their first Maring prompts the
warning on PAGASA to raise a
Region 8, 2009 September 8, they Tropical Cyclone
placed the Signal No. 1 over
provinces of Ilocos the Ilocos Region,
Sur, La whilst a 48-hour
Union, Zambales, rainfall was recorded
Bataan, Western over in Metro Manila.
Pangasinan,
and Lubang
Island under Publi
c Storm Warning
Signal One.

Northern August 45, In Luzon, heavy rain Tropical Storm

Luzon 2010 produced by the Domeng produced
storm led to a few heavy rain which
landslides, caused several
prompting road landslides
closures. Offshore, over Northern Luzon.
 three people Large swells caused a
drowned after their boat to be capsized
boat capsized amidst which killed three
rough seas produced people.
by Domeng.

Visayas October 11, Nearly 2,900 At least ten people Tropical Storm Banyan
homes were were killed by the (Ramon) passed
destroyed and storm and another through the southern
and 2011 approximately was reported portion
another 15,400 missing. A total of of Visayas and Norther
sustained 75,632 people n Mindanao, bringing
Northern damage. were affected by light rainfall. About
the storm. 75,000 people were
affected by the storm.
Luzon

Ilocos October 12, ,with total damages According to the uthorities in Hong Tropical Storm
2017 of ₱4.45 million NDRRMC, Khanun Kong and Macau Khanun
(US$86,600). killed only one raised the number (Odette) develops to
Region person 8 tropical cyclone the coast of Ilocos
warning on Region, killing only
October 15 as one person.
gale-force winds
affected the
region. In total,
damages from
Khanun in South
China were
counted to be
CNY2.46 billion
 LANDSLIDE

Location Date of Damage to Casualties Impact to the Remarks

Occurence Agriculture Local Economy

The landslide caught residents by

when an earthquake surprise that day, but it had been
Saint Bernard, February 11, 2006 triggered an avalanche building up for quite some time,
Southern Leyte. of mud and boulders following intense rainfall in the days 2006 Guinsaugon
down a mountain Over 1,200 people died leading up to the disaster. In addition, landslide
slope towards geologists said that warning signs about
Guinsaugon village in the risk of landslides in the area went
Saint Bernard, Southern unheeded. (
Leyte.

The rains triggered the

movement of volcanic killing over 1,200 The resulting mudslide or lahar rushed
Bicol Region November 30, ash on the slopes of the residents, many of whom down the villages located on the foot of 2006 Mayon Volcano lahar
2006 Mayon Volcano. were missing or presumed the Mayon
dead.
 At least 120 people died
battered the in Benguet province, 25 with intense rain, causing multiple
Cordillera October 2009. mountainous Cordillera in Baguio City, and 23 in landslides in the region in early 2009 Cordillera landslides
region with intense rain, Mountain October 2009.
causing multiple Province, according to
landslides in the region authorities.

Pantukan, 2012 caused by heavy rain A landslide in the wee hours of the
Compostela and a mild At least 42 people were morning, caused by heavy rain and a
Valley, earthquake near the killed. mild earthquake near the province 2012 Pantukan landslide
province, buried the
houses near the mining
site.

The flow of mud, At least 128 died and 450 Rains brought by Typhoon Pablo
Barangay Andap December 4, boulders, and gravel went missing as the (Bopha) caused a massive debris 2012 New Bataan (Compostela
in New Bataan, 2012. rushed village was buried under flow in Barangay Andap in New Valley) debris flow
Compostela towards Barangay the debris in the wake of Bataan, Compostela Valley
Valley Andap, which was on the disaster.
the mouth of a steep
mountain drainage
network.
Catbalogan City, Seniang also in Catbalogan City, Samar, after
Samar December 30, caused landslides in two Around 19 people died Tropical Storm Seniang (Jangmi) 2014 Catbalogan landslide
Barangay 2014 towns in neighboring caused landslides in some areas, most
Mercedes Leyte province, killing notably in Barangay Mercedes.
at least 9.

The Mines and

Geosciences
Bureau said many
factors – like the very 4 towns in Biliran province were
high slope gradient in At least 42 people died in affected not only by rains brought by
the affected areas and Naval, Caibiran, Biliran, Tropical Storm Urduja (Kai-tak) but 2017 Biliran landslides
unstable grounds due to and Almeria, while 14 also by landslides.
Naval, Caibiran, December 16, road development, others were missing.
Biliran, and 2017 farming, and poor
Almeria drainage systems –
mainly contributed to
the landslides, not the
supposed "open-pit
mining" operations in
the province.

Most of the fatalities As of September 21, at Typhoon Ompong (Mangkhut), so far

were recorded in least 58 people have been the strongest tropical cyclone in 2018, 2018 Itogon, Benguet
Itogon, Benguet September 15, landslides that occurred reported dead, 31 of brought heavy rains and strong winds landslides
2018. at a mining town whom lived in Barangay in northern Luzon.
 in Itogon, Benguet Ucab where the biggest
landslide happened.

Limestone and soil on

the mountainside
softened due to the rain, The death toll rose to Days of heavy monsoon rains caused a
Naga City, Cebu September 20, and it collapsed on a 29 as of September landslide in Naga City, Cebu on 2018 Naga, Cebu landslide
2018 number of homes that 21. (IN September 20, 2018, affecting at least
early morning, when PHOTOS: Rescuers dig two barangays
many people would still for survivors in Naga,
have been in bed. Cebu, landslide)

Heavy rains drenched

Village in the February 17, 2006 Leyte and Mindanao, 85 people were Though the exact cause of the landslide A massive landslide buried an entire
southern the island immediately confirmed dead with an was still being determined as of village in the southern Philippines
Philippines south of Leyte, through additional 981 missing February 22, heavy rains are probably
most of February, and feared dead in the to blame.
triggering widespread slide.
flooding. The
unseasonable rains may
have been connected to
a developing La Niña.
Villages in Naga On 20 September The majority of the were devastated by a Debris avalanches pose some of the
City, Cebu, 2018 fatalities were recovered landslide that claimed 78 most destructive geologic hazards that
Philippines at the landslide toe lives with 6 missing, threaten both urban and rural
about 1.2 km from the joining other catastrophic populations around the world.
200 meter-high landslides in the country Anatomy of the Naga City Landslide
headscarp. like the 1628 Iriga and the
2006 Guinsaugon debris
avalanches.
 EARTHQUAKE

Location Date of Damage to Casualties Impact to the Remarks

Occurence Agriculture Local Economy

Casiguran, August 02, A six-storey building Place In the epicentral area, around At 4:19 AM (local time) on August
Aurora 1968 in Binondo, (Ruby No. of persons killed the town of Casiguran, cracks 02, 1968 an earthquake with an
Tower) Manila No. of persons injured that were parallel to the intensity of VIII in the Rossi-Forel
collapsed instantly Manila (Ruby Tower) nearest rivers were observed. Intensity Scale rocked the town of
during the quake 268 Surface soil in this part is Casiguran, Aurora. This was
while several major 260 mostly loose deltaic sand. considered the most severe and
buildings near Manila (Sta. Ana The length of the fissures destructive earthquake experienced
Binondo and Escolta Tenement House) varies from 10 to 20 meters in the Philippines during the last 20
area in Manila - but in some areas, it reached a years.
sustained varying 1 length of 400 to 500 meters.
levels of structural Aurora Sub Province
damages. The cost of 1
property damage was -
several million Guagua, Pampanga
dollars. 1
-
Total
270
261
Barrio March 17, several sand boils The strong shaking of the During the second field survey to
Cabong, 1973 were found. ground during the Ragay Gulf the epicentral area, a 3.4 meters
Guinayang Mudboils are formed Earthquake caused two areas offset of the shoreline in Barrio
an when water- laden along the Calauag- Cabong,
sediments are Guinayangan municipal road Guinayangan was observed. Ground
subjected to between kms 236-238 to displacement was laso left lateral.
compressional forces subside. One of the resulting
thereby causing the depressions was 225 meters
water and fine sands long while the other was 95
and muds to be meters long. The longer
 injected into the air depression was 2 kms. NW
through fissures or to from the first.
just upwellm towards
the surface.
Province August 17, A number of This earthquake has This earthquake reportedly At 8:18 P.M. of 17 August 1983, an
of Ilocos 1983 reinforced concrete caused death of 16 people had an intensity of VII - IX. earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3
Norte buildings either and injuries of forty Prior to the 17 August (Ml) on the Richter Scale and an
totally crumbled or seven persons (PDE). earthquake, two tremors were intensity of VII on the Rossi-Forel
sustained major recorded on the eleventh and Scale hit the province of Ilocos
structural damage the thirteenth of August 1983. Norte.
beyond rehabilitation. These were believed to be
The failure in most of foreshocks of the intensity
the damaged VII earthquake (Macalincag,
buildings can be T. G., personal
attributed to shear communication). The first
and compressional had an intensity of V and the
waves, thereby succeeding one an intensity
producing horizontal of II in the Rossi-Forrel
and vertical stresses. Scale.
The most heavily
damaged structures in
Laoag City are those
situated near the
Laoag River flood
plain and along
reclaimed stream
channels. These
buildings were
condemned by the
City Engineer's
Office. Nearly all the
damaged buildings in
the area were of
reinforced concrete
frame. Most of the
external walls and
 internal partitions
were of concrete
hollow blocks. There
are however, some
buildings with wood
partitions.
Island of August 17, After the sea spent its . According to surveys The cities and provinces of A few minutes after the last stroke
Mindanao 1976 fury and rolled back during the event, the Cotabato took the brunt of the of midnight on August 17, 1976, a
to its natural flow, tsunami was responsible earthquake while the tsunami violent earthquake occurred in the
thousands of people for 85% of deaths, 65% generated cast its doom on island of Mindanao spawning a
were left dead, others of injuries and 95% of the provinces bordering Moro tsunami that devastated more than
homeless or missing those missing Gulf especially on the shores 700 kms of coastline bordering
and millions of pesos of Pagadian City. Moro Gulf in the North Celebes
lost with the damages Sea.
of properties.
Properties lost not
only include
establishments for
residential and
commercial use, but
also bancas that, as a
whole, represents the
livelihood of
hundreds of families.
Island of February 08, Impact and damage This shallow seated tectonic
Bohol 1990 documentation earthquake with magnitude 6.8,
revealed that the struck the island of Bohol at 3:15
worstly affected pm, caused panic to general public,
portion of the island damaged several houses and
was sustained by the infrastructure and presented several
eastern and geologic disturbances.
southeastern coastal
areas, observed to be
mostly underlained
by alluvial deposits
which have tendency
to amplify ground
motions generated by
an earthquake.
Likewise, most of the
damaged buildings
were either
old/poorly-built or
lacked the necessary
reinforcements to
resist strong ground
shaking. About 3,000
units of houses,
buildings and
churches were
affected and damaged
where a total of 182
were totally collapsed
including two
historical churches
built centuries ago.
Some 200,000 sq.m.
of fishpond in the
town of Guindulman
sustained damage due
to cracked and
collapsed dikes. Mud
eruptions on these
fishpens contributed
to the death of fishes
and prawns.
The bridge
connecting the towns
of Jagna and Duero
collapsed. Roads to
Anda sustained
cracks and fissuring.
 Landslides and
rockfalls blocked
some portions of the
roads that caused
inaccessibility to
some areas between
Anda and Garcia
Hernandez.
Six fatalities were
reported and more
than 200 were injured
in the event. About
46,000 people were
displaced by the
event and at least
7,000 among them
were rendered
homeless. Estimated
damage to properties
is amounting to 154
million pesos.

Panay June 14, 1990 About 15% of the Seven persons perished On 14 June 1990, an earthquake
Island residential houses and 31 others suffered measuring 7.1 in the Richter Scale
collapsed, the rest mild to severe injuries. hit Panay Island at 3:41 P.M.,
were partially killing 8 and injuring 41 people.
damaged. The epicenter was located at
Several commercial 11.34°North latitude; 122.10° East
buildings, namely: longitude, in the vicinity of Culasi,
San Miguel Beer and Antique. The depth was computed
Coca-cola to be 15 kilometers. It was
warehouse; half generated by fault movement in the
portion of the Rural collisional zone off western Panay
Bank of Culasi Island.
building; the
The tremor was felt in the
Esperanza following places (in PEIScale):
Elementary School,
and the Seventh-Day
Adventist church
collapsed.
Four bridges totally
collapsed.
Upliftment occurred
in Barangay Bagacay
of 0.6 meters with an
approximate area of
3,000 square meters.
Landslides were
noted along the slope
of Mt. Madya-as. The
volume of materials
carried by the
landslide was
approximately 30,000
cubic meters in
Bagacay.
Fifty-seven families
(about 342 persons)
were evacuated.
Libacao, Aklan
Five concrete
residential buildings
were totally
damaged, while thirty
structures were
partially damaged.
Two churches and a
river control project
were heavily
damaged.
Five highway bridges
were partially
damaged.
Balete, Aklan
The Baptist church
and the public market
were heavily
damaged, while an
icon was toppled
down.
The Rural Health
Center and a rice mill
collapsed.
The Balete district
hospital was badly
damaged and was
declared dangerous
for future use.
Partial damage to
another public market
and on the approach
of some bridges.
One residential house
totally collapsed and
ten others were
partially damaged.
Thirty-five people
were evacuated to the
Catholic Church.
A fissure measuring 2
km long and 136 cm
wide, trending N50W
was noted along Jaro
River.
Madalag, Aklan
The municipal and
district hospital
sustained some
cracks.
Kalibo, Aklan
Aklan Science High
School and Alan
Cinema were
partially damaged.
The Catholic Church
of Kalibo that is
made of bricks
suffered cracks on its
walls.
A house made of
ceramics was
partially damaged.
Numancia, Aklan
Sandboil was
observed.
Altavas, Aklan
The wharf was
partially damaged.
There were cracks on
the walls of the
Cathedral and the
head of an icon was
damaged.
Makato, Aklan
The sports complex
was partially
damaged.
The posts and beams
of the public market
were damaged.
Kalinog, Iloilo
Various buildings of
the Philippine
 Constabulary
Regional Command
were damaged.
The Catholic Church
was partially
damaged.
Cuartero, Capiz
A church and several
houses were partially
damaged.
Sigma, Capiz
A bridge and a
communication tower
were partially
damaged.
Estimated total
amount of damage is
about 30 million
pesos.
Mindanao March 6, Up to 800 buildings The earthquake was The 2002 Mindanao earthquake
2002 were damaged as a responsible for 15 deaths struck the Philippines at 05:16
result, many from a and roughly 100 injuries. Philippine Standard Time on March
flood generated by 6 (21:16 Coordinated Universal
landslides and falling Time on March 5). The world's
debris. Like the 1918 sixth most powerful earthquake of
event, a tsunami soon the year, it registered a magnitude
followed. of 7.5 and was a megathrust
earthquake.
Mindanao November 13, the earthquake Killing 15 and injuring these large flows of water
2003 damaged as many as roughly 100, surged past homes –
800 buildings sweeping them away – and
throughout the enveloped at least nine
southern and central districts of the Province. It
parts of Mindanao. also created
local tsunamis reaching a
maximum height of 3 meters
 (10 ft)
at Kiamba, Maitum and Palim
bang.
Negros February 06, The degree and ₱ 383 million The Philippine Institute of The 2012 Negros
Oriental 2012 extent of damage Volcanology and earthquake occurred on February 6
caused by the Seismology (PHIVOLCS) at 11:49 PST with a body wave
earthquake were gave a level magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum
significant, with most two tsunami alert, indicating intensity of VII (Destructive) off the
of the damage that the public should be on coast of Negros
sustained during the watch for "unusual waves", Oriental, Philippines. The epicenter
initial earthquake. but did not call for any of the thrust fault earthquake [6] was
The hardest hit were evacuation. Despite this, in approximately 72 kilometres
the towns of Tayasan, Cebu City, panic erupts and (45 mi) north of the provincial
Jimalalud, La many residents fled towards capital of Dumaguete City
Libertad, and the city higher ground due to rumors
of Guihulngan, in that a tsunami had hit the
Negros Oriental. coastal villages of Ermita,
Several houses and Mambaling and Pasil.
buildings collapsed, Residents of Dumaguete also
while others scrambled to the mountain
sustained damage. town of Valencia because of
The earthquake also the scare. These rumors were
triggered numerous later confirmed to be false.
landslides which PHIVOLCS announced
buried houses and the tsunami alert at
people. Reported 14:30 PST, but there was no
places where tsunami.[12]
landslides occurred
are Barangay
Solongon, La
Libertad and Planas,
Guihulngan.[10][12]

Telecommunication
services were
disrupted after the
 earthquake.[15]
Manila June 19, 1965 19 deaths Manila (/məˈnɪlə/ mə-NIH-lə, Spani
sh: [ma'nila]; Filipino: Maynila, pro
nounced [majˈnilaʔ]), officially
the City of
Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng
Maynila, locally [luŋˈsod nɐŋ maj
ˈnilaʔ]), is the capital of
the Philippines, and its second most
populous city. It is highly
urbanized and as of 2019 was the
world's most densely populated city
proper.[1
 Volcanic Eruption

Location Date of Damage to Agriculture Casualties Impact to the Remarks

Occurence Local Economy
1827
small island of These were preludes to the the volcano displayed
Camiguin in continuous flow of lava from its unprecedented levels of unrest, 1871 Hibok-Hibok
Mindanao. main vent, which would form causing massive earthquakes and Eruption
what is now known as Mt. numerous volcanic fissures on
Vulcan. The earthquakes the island.
triggered by the volcanic
eruption was so severe that it
sunk a portion of the town
containing a cemetery.

Batangas Town 1965 The volcano system erupted for 7 Taal Volcano’s most destructive 1754 Taal Volcano
months, burying four Batangas eruption happened 265 years ago in Eruption
towns in the process. As much as 1754
40 inches of ash were recorded in
some areas.

Town of 1814 Beaches around Legazpi also have
Cagsawa, dark sand, which formed from the
basalt or dark molten glass rocks
ejected from the volcano.
killing 1,200 Mayon spews ash that is 1814 Mayon Eruption
locals. characteristically dark, which
means the materials are rich in iron
and magnesium. This is also
evidenced by the car-size boulders
 strewn around Cagsawa, the town it
devastated in 1814.

Pinatubo 1991 the volcano spewed out 10 billion The Pinatubo eruption is considered 1991 Pinatubo Eruption
When all of the ash came down, it to be the most powerful volcanic
desolated much of the province of eruption of the 20th century.
Pampanga, burying 364 towns.