ONIT-8 Notse.

îmc W Modulohon System R

Receiv«7 M6olet

Madualed
Bord-Poss Drnedwloiot ra
s Fi

NoSe

Ane muming madwatao) sîqrad and wt

sH deotea
oetaiyes noisR. .
denoteo Fnt-emd

snts tha tombinRd fi1t rina

THR band-pass e r ac2s

wîdo Rnough to 7ss&

BPF is 3ret
T bordundth of t s distoTAOn.
medulatsd siaral uthou

th oire
Gaursian
PsD 0
&nd fthe Teever.
bonduwTotn mANDUDd

moduakad FM Si9uad. DS S , AM.

DsB-S(,
sd fer
Lo , asumpRor is juo4ift a m d s r o t i t m .
F. se 8 vse nsdo spgcioh
DSB

e
ST
noTT0W-bano
oo v
iHecro moiss mt)
W considATRdH

,CE) tos (ahfet)

- -

Da (t) Am (aTf+)
t)
 TE Mrad aqnal. mslabk tr damadulalhom
) = S(4)-+ n(t)
WR mat dafina om tnpuh sig nal eto roise ratto (sNR), o
thA T0 of th owa power f+ha Tno-doxtkd A ual Mt)

NR),
Arg owT 0f s(t)
R Arg swer of r\)
hAoulp siqnal- noîuc oko (snR). is dafinnd on t
ToRO o he dimodudntad meysogR s?gnad -to tha avg Powgr
o the nolaa, both moDutRA ot the oesîvar oukpu

sNR Ava. demad"hgral r

zier AN raia poRTaf 0/p.
The ckanme Aol fs neise Ta4io SMR)e, ontha raio

wTe powr o moiss in th m3 bondutdth, b oth

wii Figure SNR)

miit = e
(sNR)e
'YRT
Aa moise basfor ranc.R .

Noisa î'n Ds8-sc Re¢grer

=

DSBS s a v([Lous pas

FH FR Moolr
Cos2Tt)
NoS Lecod
wtt) osetllaoa

The DsG-SC tompou thiteTed s9n «4) is

3(4)= CA tosset) m(t)

uhtTA i s thkm doendan E ACaling fattor, th

 :
i

wmona n(t).

S (8 d
voO, w is th bndwicB}» o t mABa9R s o l

ProweT of thQ D3BsC medulaked siyna ta CAP

XRN NNo.

Ckomnal SNR for t DsB3C Svo

cA
SNR), D 2NNo

t) 34)-+m(t)
P e 0(aTS«t) mtt)+ "r4) t»fanf+)

oupu t psdutt meduhakoTpoth caheren dateelh0,

CAe mt)+ (

-AeMa (t) Ai»(ung.)

(»h&Te deteetor
hLPF in drA

This oquon ralfkn rok,

) mt)
m) ond n (4) Ros odditiwr at tTeueîrar owipuat.
Tma9poohsortur omporar a(t

warrth temponamd
ONeT o noltR ot tha reewer ontput
2N.No NNo

sNR) C'APA
CAY
2WNo
sNR)
FRa mf, SNR),

Nokse n s33 Retaiver

Tnuming ssB modwalsd woN is reRDted o
s CA,os (aftJmtt) +CAesanset) m(e

mt 5 m () ore
unwTse lohed, thir powT shReBrod dankihto orta
odaiiva.
mt) omd mt) ore hoving 2ami power 8peckro) dsns*y

SMl4)|M(>|2
S&) =
]M(591- 1- sgnl5). M(F)|
= |H151- SsuC4)

Sl6)

m)= "n)tosT(-)t Se-WS

-e+W2 ke-2
Sy5)
No

W/2
Sh, lb) S)
Ny
(SNR).=
.
c3Ap
4 NoW
 XC)= s (+n(t)
APeCt) toamt)+ CAmt) stn{1fat)

YP o pmduct mulhpfk,
A). to»{RTJe+) A
CAcmtt) Ain (a1A) tovfa1f,t)
=
GAcmt) co"(a,A)+
+n, (t) tosan(H)t] (amgt)-nalt)ain[eT|l47

Amt) + *CA¢m) s (YGt)4CAe Ain (416.t)

+nt) to0s (Twt) +m (4) 6os an (%-%)t]
4mt) Bin (TWt)-a() Ain [ an(24)
Afts LPF Wgek
C)CAe m{t) 4 n ) Los (TNE) +ng() sin (TWt)
Sionad

sinol powRT at ha o/p

La, ()- Ma(t) cos (T t)

No W

Ava.mosR psw W

No-W

c AP 4 cAP
SNR) 6 NoW 4 Now

(SNR)
figraomait= (SNR)e s
Owtpu 3NR
086-SC Teceiver vwkam both TACRiN«T wm ohern
lli settonm.
 Nolsk 1 AM ReOeiye .

The reoed AM A1gwa,

s he.[+ Kamtos( S¢¬)
Rcos (A18A) + AeKa mt) uos(amf<t)
fowtrrof stgol AAp-A(1+ )
)
Nois pourrwthin mag bamduidHth = X W NoW

SNR= -
2NoW

t)
AM Bond fass () Fnvelope. Owtpt
Dtacton Siguod KÐ
staad Flt
NtiS

The llrRd sîgvad ofter bond-pass ft27 is,

) = s(t) +n(t
Ac
= Ae+ Kamit) tos(RTf4) + nz(t) ds{2nf4)-na (tUSnlH)}

te(2nft) -na (t) Sm[20f.t)

At Kahemtt)+ nr(

RASUtt f t )

AcT+Kaintt]
Ths Teeived
sinod atar Rlope datactar

2 32 2

Th phooe o z{) is mo intarrot to o co, in AM amralapa

datactor îA m-sanáthy *o thi veRiot}en m t phone. of act)
Akn tha coTiea poWAT loraR mporrd to ths nis Hsvms
mlt) T ) Am we, t taits.
-(2
Th de tarm Ae on bs At&Ted usfng apaciter, 30
thtaivid sial oer dem edksadjon,
S4)
t)Ae Kamtt)-+t )
NO

Stqrod powT- A Kafn t)=

dt
AP
Nois poa= 2 NaW -W
No SM8)= Sna4)
AcK
SNR,AN 2NoW
W

Ths RqNaHtm îs Nalid i SN 2hNXNo 2N, N

&anri&Tpoiwar al th emvelop2 daks¥er mpa

)Th ommplituals RnAilivîH ka îs adjunt rd r a
pareantega
mdulai n l&ss thon en aguo t00 /.

fiung o sNR)o
(SNR) AKap 2NW
2No W
A Ctkt)
KarP

. FOM for AM is cduaua \k% ton

um
Simgle Tora noduohio
n t ) = Am ts (Rnmt)

TTADOmdirg AM 20Nadon,
st4) Ae [+H osC(a Smb) tos(ase)

PoweTof tha ma|

NR) FoM -

(sNR) I+ a. Am/2

2tM2 Me Ka Am
<L
Fo s FoM
Theshald Effatt n A
CTRTt noîu raho ia
fer Jaw
Th yhanr diogram
sUuanam alow.

he[4KaTmi]
- - oa(anfat, yt)

mi rohfo is smal wmpord to wty: m this cne, i} isyyore

wwemiem to rrsent thinaTTO lono eisl n(t) in terms of
its envelape stt) 0d
prone Y)
ntt H) tos [afel +() -0
whiT,
mt- t ) cos(p(e) , na()= stt) An(VE)
Fyvm dh phon.ams diogrom, the datrcter înpu
t)= s(4)+n(t)
As majsa A no tha dorinont torm, th naise. is addad witw
Arod ferm AaTt Komli].
TASlen eamponamt of t sigol,
H + Ae[t+ 1komit)as(yt
) + Aetas(y¢t) +AeKamt) cos (CAI)

TproR Y{H *ns marrots loomd maise. nA) iA OANformA

cisibuhad yar a1 odomva. t folLows th97efore iha
W hw emplREe Los of mmfomal on im tha dateCtr °7P
do ot eømhoîm m{t) a
B toeobd ova mom a yol of the u isy-to rojse
ToHO
NO1S2 T FM NRCeiVRS

FM $
Bond-Ros LimiterDisvminasr Bonabr
LPE owpud
FIt
Noise
wt)

Lo, A is mddtleRd wt Gaussiom nais9. 0 2To mRn ona

hokR becArod dams No Tha FM a l han orndwi dth
oBT - t f+B/]
T omuda imter fallow ed lby BPE is mad H
Tm aNR om plituda Vondaionm ling thi peoko. Tha
brocama LPF cu- rcquaney H1R ighar -+an thl
lbrdtsid th of tha modudalin aignal.

m)= ,() eos (aTáet ) -°Ms (t) 3n(aSt)

TCt) ess amet +p¢E]

a()= Vtt)Ain ((E)

TCt)

nwuir FM AWO

Ae tosT 1G+0

nt) dt

Th n igo o thk awput og BPf,

H = S)+TUt)

Ae tos Tangt+A +Ttt) eas15,t 4+ V¢4S|

 Te) tos Tp14-4
Reswomt ( L

)-4(t) A

cos2nt)
Phon ur d0rn of t oRtaiyRd comhordn

From A BeD W& roNR,

BC Hsm [V()-A]

Frem, A ABC WAqeh

t) snTY)-4(0]
9-Ct) =tm

9Ct= s)+jem TH) Sin [()-6]

Ae+ Dt) tos [v()-(H] |
for igh Cori er4o SicwoN TMD, Acott) Ahn,
Tt)sin [v()-P(6)
A

AHmt)dt4 n t)-EO| -

kn t).

K.n(t)4 Na(t)
hT, mat)=
TA. te)im{V)-4t»3
Th
phone yCt) o tha MOTTou-bend maisz
appaalt r*recl o the
Rnod term 4Ct). Y(H s
umimdy distibuad over 2T
Todi oms , s Y{)-4E) ix odao tmiferml distdbuded ovT aT DOd.
 nat)ahe
ddya a ) abheoring ot tha disenmimaor oup
datrmnec ogfaettv«ly by 4h camrí r omplild
A.
MAt)
and

uadrolure cCohmurd me(t) o tha nois

Founi ar Tiosform of ualjon wo

Nal .
aM Ae.
NaC)=Na)
2
Th PSD, SE)= |N(»|= N C) A
Srig4)
A
No 11s
SN C) A
e8au0hgTA

St)
No

**"

-ET2 Br/2
SNA

-&T/2 7
SN C)

wmhorm otrbookhena LPf

No 14 W
Sn&)=
 ****

W
W
No
A A
N
2NoWS

3Ac2

AvAal pow ot thaoudpu Tfrm A4nalsom SJ

3AkP
SNR) A gro powt
2 NoW3
Avg- Nofse powr
AAc
RNoW
5AKP 2NoW
FqwW of MAit
(NR)%
so, =
A2
SNR aNows
2

W2
Fo 3P

im 4ha oukpt SNR wu o muit oFM kem .

ASmgle Tone Madudolfonv

s= A Cos + alk JAm tosrWgrt) dt

Ac tos a1et + n mt)
aTK mtt)dt = m Sna1mt) T
D8 Ky-Am
, mE) F r darnouhi on.
K sa &n)
=

SNR)=A
3AcP AKAm 3A2
&NoW A NeW3 ANe.N, W2
CH R ANo W
(SNR).
3A
aN2
 Co

S0, A FOM , 0'47 'S

0'S 0FM i r tn AM i, B> 0'S.

omd
omd wtd datrag
widaomd FM. Ahe hamton betueanm rToL)-band FM A.

CaAUTR Ect
nhTYnt abiky an FM &ystem to ninimiza R3RC*o
wnwomtRd Azal alao
ajblizo Ho mtRnervne& producad b
0T6h FM Sod whose fq, eontant % cloa. Jo t
qTR o tha dasirad FM wavR oux

trontht dasiracd FM A
Whm he
mierkertnu is the
&Arongar oyl of th Hwo,
LRITR ck onto tha aTvnga Aol amd traby/ AuTUA
tho dsivrd FM Awa.
Whin4hRy orre of rlTy 29ad psaredtn, th rcairer
luctuares aak ond fortn 'batwean tham . Thís

FMThrshold 2c

at

Ae.
mp(t)

tndividw
 PnemmiNOM
W aYR
a)= [Ac+TC5] eas (ngt)- ma (t)An(21t)
A 7Bakeno unifonm 7omdemy bfu t 2, 9(t)
btomD

Omaonm blw + a, o Y() îs

dom, mi poînt
omdS ounnd
th poimt P. Thvo th onqle eC
reio tproxm oley Ta(t/Ae to utthin ov mipl *71 211

o t r haad , i fL
on
ocopi onaly Aos asownd
NR i
ha nigin ord
Java,tha C)
wandarirg poir*
ncreanan o
dereonan b 2T Trdoms.

4T
V
4AAA
- 21

AAA V AAAa-

Th discmnalvr owhpu Mt) = d O

T npuiselina wmponirlo &'(t)= JChon digfari haigut Japendrrg
on hous elosa the nndring peîyt P o n to ths g i n . b

haSA robunen produre elicksé und a the FM TRRIYer

nerontn (ths imynea orRmAd T) omal th click, ound

isndsqad nto crackling r u k r *TA0wno, o r tho
comona s tas
AP- Emyhopis
Nopiom
omd Da-Embhoois m FM
thowpun o FM
notse af tha
Reaiv L T dansity og thR ep*raHTY
Sare-laus depamdance on

S,)

-W
*

7
SMC4Y

W
N

Tm th PSD

tha ouput nois 1s qudt Wh in c»mpi&6n.

i
utly vadu ha boand utdth o ha pos}-date«Bî tm
LPF Ab t reeet lorg ormeunt of ms1a. powar uwide
Dsin on os 8rall ormoumt of mi powr. B thi

n AhL othi mhod, \PTR-emphaois ok th dx ord dazmyhorAs

o t Tx) wa
rizicialy mphGniza *a high-raganu
n mámit}*T. Th Low- reqmu
kih- fraAna
2Apaliad
29odiRa.0 m Aeh a
wa tho ths mavg i puilm
ocuias h ANC bornd aAotted to it
At Aha
Reaiver, a the disemin akor opu w
prvm inyersa
ohraion b da-Rmphonizingth ih

najsg comhonRrh oT oa duçad

fnreing tha SNR. , hIreb A4Rru
 FM D-Rmphoog
nsg-9mhoois FM
FiwnimAtey Hae
Hpa (6)
Wt)
m
Le Hpa (5)="Trow fmch of preemphooi er

W2 , Ha 5)= ,
-W
f W -0

A13 No

Sa C8) A

Modiiad Psn of th noie a ha da-Rmphodis itar oupw,

HdeC Sna (8)
W
Av opw noise power
wth da-gmphoris IHat1 Sna (5) 44
No
A 1N
-
.
TmprorNAnk n owtp NR,

2N WS A
X
3A n W

No1Ha)1°a4
2w3

aW
 APF

Arre
R owp siga

opu

D Rrnpnoois 14e

Exorm pl&
A ArylR
ra-simphoois \ter ton mhon % qren b
Hpa(4) +-
Fird 4tha. imkprove mnk
fattr.
Solujbn
wL o w ,
Ha&Cs)=
HpR4)

2ws

2'N3

3
+ df.
N3
2N
3
64-
 ** **** "***

2/45
W-
o(]
x2
-dz= -oon )
Por commareÀod FM broad tntirg, w taR a'1 KH2, W=ISKH2.
This alRs zlodo I 22, shich cranponoo +o m împovemork
o 13 dB Im 4hi bvdt . SNR