I.

Characteristics of an electric component

In an objective to determine the characteristics of an instrument X, we connect it in series with a rheostat. A
voltmeter and an ammeter are connected in the circuit, to determine the voltage U across the terminals of X
and the intensity of the current I passing through it.
The values of U and I are summarized in the table below:

I (A) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

U (V) 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.2
1. Draw a figure of the set u p.
2. Represent the graph of U as a function of I using the scale: 1cm 0.05A (in abscissa) and 1cm
0.1V (in ordinate, starts from the ordinate 4V).
3. Instrument X is a generator. Justify this statement.
4. Determine the equation of the characteristics (U-I).
5. Determine the electromotive force (E) and the internal resistance (r) of X.

II. Studying a motor

We bring a battery of e.m.f E and internal resistance r, a resistor of resistance R=10Ω, a motor of back
electromotive force E’=6V and of internal resistance r’=30Ω, a voltmeter and an ammeter.
A. Characteristics of the battery
We connect the battery across a voltmeter; the voltmeter indicates a voltage of 9V.
We connect the battery across the resistor, the intensity of the current in the circuit is 0.75V and the
voltage across the terminals of the battery is 7.5V
Calculate E and r.
B. The battery in a circuit
We connect the battery across the motor.
1. The motor does function. Why?
2. Calculate the intensity of the current in the circuit. Deduce the voltage across the terminals of the
motor.
3. Calculate the electric power consumed by the motor. To what forms of energy is this power
transformed.
4. a) Calculate when the motor is stalled (blocked) the new intensity of the current in the circuit.
b) Calculate the power consumed by the motor. To what form is this power transformed to?
III. Characteristics of a motor
The current-voltage characteristics of an electric component is given in the graph of the following figure

1. This characteristics show that the electric component is a motor (receiver). Justify.
2. What is the minimum voltage under which the motor can function?
3. Calculate the slope of the characteristic.
4. Determine the back electromotive force E’ and the internal resistance of the motor.
'
E
5. The mechanical efficiency of the motor is defined by: ρ= , where U is the voltage across the motor’s
U
terminals. This efficiency represents the fraction of the electric power transformed into mechanical
power.
6. a) Calculate the currents I1 and I2 in the motor corresponding respectively to the efficiencies 10% and
90%.
b) Is the motor convenient for small or large currents?

IV. Electric circuit

In the adjacent figure we represent the electric circuit formed of:
- A generator G(12V; 1Ω)
- Two resistors R1=6Ω, and R2=12Ω.
- A receiver M(5V; 2Ω)
1. Calculate the equivalence resistance to R1 and R2.
2. Calculate the value of the intensity of the current delivered by the
generator and that passing in R1 and R2.
3. Calculate the power lost and the power consumed by the receiver.
4. Calculate the efficiency of the receiver.
5. Calculate the current delivered by the generator if the motor is stalled.
V. Two generators connected in opposition
In the following figure we have
Two generators G1 (12V; 1.5Ω) and G2 (9V; 4.5Ω), and a resistor of
resistance R=9Ω.
1. G2 plays the role of a receiver. Why?
2. Calculate the main current I.
3. CalculateU NP,U PA,U AN .

VI. Complex circuit (1)

Given the circuit in the figure below:
And given: G (120V; 5Ω); R1=15Ω; R2=50Ω, the main current
is I=4A.
Calculate I1, I2 and the back electromotive force (e) of the
motor.

VII. Complex circuit (2)

Consider the circuit in the figure below
1. Calculate I, I1, and I2.
2. Calculate UG and UM.