Jacques Charles (1746-1823)

- Was a French inventor, scientist,

mathematician, and balloonist. Charles
wrote almost nothing about mathematics,
and most of what has been credited to him
was due to mistaking him with another
Jacques Charles, also a member of the Paris
Academy of Sciences, entering on May
12,1785.
Charles Law
- Is an experimental gas law that describes
how gases tent to expand when heated. A
modern statement of Charles’s law is:
When the pressure on sample of a dry gas
is held constant, the Kelvin temperature
and the volume will be in direct proportion.
Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856)
- Was an Italian scientist, most noted for his
contribution to molecular theory now
known as Avogadro’s law, which states that
equal volumes of gases under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure will
contain equal numbers of molecules.
Avogadro’s Law
- Or Avogadro-Ampere’s hypothesis is an
experimental gas law relating the volume of
gas present. The law is a specific case of the
ideal gas law.
GAS LAWS

GAS
- Is a state of matter that has no fixed shape
and fixed volume.
- Also has a lower density compared to other
states of matter, such as solid and liquid.
Gases behave differently from solids and liquids due
to differences in their molecule behavior.
1. Gases are readily compressible
2. Volume of a gas refers to the free space
available for compression or molecular
motion. Therefore, volume of a gas is taken
to be equal to that of the container, not the
actual space that the molecules occupy.
3. Change in temperature changes gas volume
even when pressure is unchanged.
4. Densities of gases are much lower than
densities of the same substance n the solid
and liquid state under the same conditions
of temperature and pressure.
5. Gases are miscible, or can be mixed in all
proportions.
6. Gases are less viscous than liquids.
Pressure of a Gas
- Is the force that the gas exerts on the walls
of its container.
Pressure
- Is defined as the force exerted by colliding
molecules per unit area of container walls.
COMMON UNITS OF PRESSURE

THE IDEAL GAS LAWS

Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
- Was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher,
chemist, physicist, and inventor. Boyle
is largely regarded today as the first
modern chemist, and therefore one of
the founders of modern chemistry, and
one of the pioneers of modern
experimental scientific method.
Boyle’s Law
- Also referred to as the Boyle-Mariotte
Law, or Mariotte’s law(especially in
France), is an experimental gas law that
describes how the pressure of s gas
tends to decrease as the volume of the
container increases.