Submitted by: Ammara Yousaf

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Submitted to: Miss Asma i i i

Roll No: 23011529-014

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Semester: 1st Semester(BS IHRM)

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Date of submission: 30 October, 2023

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Course Code: GE-101

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Course Title: Arts & Humanities

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University Of Gujrat (Hafiz Hayat Campus)

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TOPIC: Fables in Kalila Wa Dimna with Moral
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i Lessons

TABLE OF CONTENT:
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 Definition of Fable i i

 Examples
 Concept of Kalila And Dimna
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 Fables:
1.The Lion and The OX
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2.The Vixen and the Drum

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3.The Vixen crushed by two Goats

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4.The Crow and the Snake

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5.The Heron, the Trout and the Crab

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 Morals
 Conclusion
 Definition of Fable: i i

A ishort istory itypically iwith ianimals ias icharacters, iconveying ia imoral.

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A ishort itale ito iteach ia imoral ilesson, ioften iwith ianimals ior iinanimate
iobjects ias icharacters.

 Examples:

The iexamples iof ifables iinclude:

The iTortoise iand ithe iHare

The iCountry iMouse iand ithe iCity iMouse

 Concept of Kalila and Demna:

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Kalila iWa iDimna iis ia icollection iof ifables. iIn ithis ibook ia iremarkable
icharacter iis ithe ilion, iwho iplays ithe irole iof ithe iking, ihe ihas ia iservant

iOx, iwhile ithe itwo ijackals iof ithe ititles. iThey iboth iappear ias inarrators.

1. The Lion and the Ox:

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One day a strange noise came to the meadow a fearfully

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loud bellow louder even than a lion’s roar the lion himself
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known king of the beasts was terrified by the sound and

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i hid away trembling. Dimna, the jackel, the lion’s friend
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i and the counselor came to him and said there’s no reason

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i to be afraid of a sound until we know what makes it. I will

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i go investigate and come back with news the lion agreed

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i this was a good plan so Dimna crept off to see what he

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i could see. Dimna discovered that the sound was the joyful
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i bellowing of an OX freed from his yoke and taking his i i i i i i i i i i

i ease in the meadow. When he returned to the lion Dimna

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i said, there’s nothing to be afraid of your majesty it’s only

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i an Ox. If you like I will bring back here so you can meet
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i him. Dimna gain favor with the king and sure enough the
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i Lion thanked him heartily. So, the Ox was brough to

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i court. The Ox and the Lion were soon good friends and
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i while Dimna himself had arranged this he became jealous

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i of the Ox position at court and complained to his brother

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i Kalila about this. Kalila told Dimna mind your own

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i business you’ll be sorry if you try to come between the

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i Ox and the Lion. No good will come of it but Dimna

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i didn’t listen. Dimna came to the Lion and whispered in

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i his ear, your majesty I hate to tell you this but Ox is

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i plotting against you, he plans to murder you and take your

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i crown. The Lion was shocked and could hardly believe it

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i but Dimna was clever and convinced him of the ox’s evil
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i intensions. Next Dimna spoke to the Ox friend, I regret to i i i i i i i i i i

i inform you that you’re in great danger. The Lion has told
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i me, he plans to serve you as a dinner at an upcoming

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i banquet. The Ox was stunned with disbelief but Dimna i i i i i i i i

i convinced him to be on his guard. When next he met the i i i i i i i i i i i

 i Lion. The next day, the Lion and the Ox met and both
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i eyed the other with suspicion. Each thought he saw hatred

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i in the other’s eyes all due to the lies of Dimna.

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i Suddenly,they turnedupon each other and fought a i i i i i i

i horricfic hattle. The Lion was by the horns of the Ox but

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i in the end, the Lion was victorious and the Ox lay dead
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i upon the field. Once, the deed was done. The Lion lay
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i down with great sadness for he realized, he had slain his

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i closest friend. Kalila came to Dimna and told him, shame

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i on you, you’ve made everyone miserable and evil things

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i come of it and he was right. Dimna treachery was soon

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i discovered and he was thrown into prison for his lies. i i i i i i i i i

 Morals:

 The iend iof i ilying iis ibad.

 It iis ino iuse iof icrying iover ispilt imilk
 A ideed ithat irequires icunning icannot ibe ifulfilled iby i i i iviolence.
 One ishould inot icome iinto isomeone’s iwords iwithout iresearch.

2. The Vixen And the Drum: i i ii i

One iday, ia ihungry iJackel i( iVixen i) iwas ilooking ifor ifood iin ian
iold ibattlefield. iSuddenly, ihe iheard ia istrange inoise icoming ifrom ia idistance

i. iH ie iwondered iwhat icould ibe ithe isource iof i ithat ifrightening inoise. iAt ifirst,

ihe idecided ito irun iaway ifrom ithere iand isave ihis ilife, imaybe, iit iwas ia

imonster iwho iwas imaking isuch ia iloud inoise. iThe iJackel istart irunning ibut
ithen ihe isuddenly istopped. iHe ithought ithat iit iwas iunrise ito irun iaway
iwithout iinvestigating ithe iincident i. iHe igathered icourage iand islowly iwalk

itowards ithe isound. iWhen ihe ireached ivery iclose ito ithe isound, ihe idid

ibehind ia irock iand ipeeped. iThe iJackel isaw ia ibig idrum ilying inear ia itree.

iDue ito ia istrong iwind, ithe ibranches iof ithe itree iwere irapping iagainst ithe

idrum iand imaking ithat inoise. iThe iJackel ihad ia ihearty ilaugh iat ihimself. iHe

iwas ihappy ito isolve ithe imystery iof ithe inoise. iHe itore iopen ithe idrum

ithinking ithat iperhaps ithere iwas isome ifood iinside iit ibut iit iwas iextremely

idisappointed ito ifind inothing. iThough ithe iJackel idid inot ifind ianything ito

ieat iinside ithe idrum. iH ie iwas ihappy iwith ihimself ifor ibeing ibrave iand inot

irunning iaway ilike ia icoward.

 Morals:

 Rather ithan ijust ireacting ito ithe isituation, ione ishould itry ito ifind
ithe ireal icause iof iworry.

 Only ithe ibrave isucceed iin ilife.

 The iweakest ithings ihave ithe ibiggest ibodies iand ithe iloudest
ivoices.

3.The Vixen crushed by two Goats :

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Once iupon ia itime, iin ia ilush ivalley, ithere ilived ia icunning ivixen inamed
iVara. iShe iwas iknown ithroughout ithe ianimal ikingdom ifor iher isly itricks

iand idevious ischemes. iOne iday, iVara ihatched ia iplan ito ioutsmart

ieveryone. iVara ifound iherself ibetween itwo isteep icliffs, ieach ito ihigh ito

iclimb. iShe icunningly ipretended ito ibe iinjured, ilying iin ithe imiddle iof ithe

inarrow ipath ithat iled ithrough ithe ivalley. iShe iknew ithat ithe ionly iway ifor

ithe ianimals ito ipass iwas ito ihelp iher, iand ishe ithought ishe icould iplay ithem

iagainst ieach iother ito iher iadvantage. iTwo igoats, iGruff iand iNanny,

iapproached ithe inarrow ipath ifrom iopposite isides. iThey isaw ithe iVixen

iand iheard iher imoans ifor ihelp. iEach igoat, imoved iby icompassion, ioffered
ito iassist ithe iseemingly iinjured icreature. iVara ifeeling igratitude isaid, i“
iOh, ikind igoats, iplease ihelp ime iget ithe iother iside. iI iam iin ipain iand ican’t

iwalk ion imy iown.” iThe igoats iwere ipuzzled, irealizing ithat ithey icouldn’t

iboth ipass iwith ithe iVixen ion ithe ipath. iVara iseized ithe iopportunity iand

islyly isaid, i“ iI iam itoo iheavy ifor ione iof iyou ito icarry ialone, ibut iif iyou

iwork itogether i, iyou ican ihelp ime.” i

Trusting iher iwords, iGruff iand iNanny iagreed ito icarry iVara. iAs ithey
ilifted iher ionto itheir ibacks, ishe isuddenly isprang ito ilife, irevealing iher itrue

iintentions. iWith ia iwicked ilaugh, ishe ileaped iaway, ileaving ithe itwo igoats

itrapped ion ithe inarrow ipath. iGruff iand iNanny isoon irealized ithey ihad

ibeen ifooled iby ithe icunning ivixen. iThey iwere ileft istranded, iunable ito

ipass ior iturn iback. iThey ihad ino ichoice ibut ito ilearn ito icooperate iand

ieventually imanaged ito iwork itogether ito ifind ia iway ioff ithe ipath.

 Morals:
 Union iis istrength.
 Beware iof ideceit.
 United iwe istand, idivided iwe ifall.

4.The Crow and the Snake:

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Once iupon ia itime, iin ia idense iforest, ithere ilived ia iclever icrow inamed
iCorvey iand ia isly isnake inamed iSammy. iThey iwere ineighbors ibut

inever igot ialong. iCorey, ibeing ia ibird, icould ifly ihigh iin ithe isky iand

ienjoy ithe ifreedom iof ithe iopen iair. iSammy, ion ithe iother ihand, iwas

iconfined ito ithe iground iand ioften ifelt ijealous iof iCorey’s ifreedom. iOne

isunny imorning, iCorey ifound ia ishiny isilver ibracelet ion ithe iforest

ifloor. iHe iwas idelighted iand ipicked iit iup iwith ihis ibeak. iIt iwas ia

ibeautiful ipiece iof ijewelry, iand iCorey idecided ito ikeep iit. iAs ihe iflew

iback ito ihis inest, ihe icouldn’t iresist ishowing ioff ihis inewfound itreasure.
 iWhen iSammy isaw ithe ibracelet, ihis ijealousy igrew ieven istronger. iHe
islithered iover ito iCorey’s inest iand isaid, i“ iThat ibracelet ishould ibe

imine. iI icould iuse iit ito iattract iattention iand ifind imore ifood.” iCorey,

ibeing iwise, iknew ithat iSammy iwas iup ito ino igood. iHe ireplied, i“ iI

ifound ithis ibracelet, iand iit’s imine ito ikeep. iBut iif iyou ireally iwant

isomething ivaluable, iyou ishould iwork ihard iand ifind iyour iown

itreasures.” iSammy, iblinded iby ihis ienvy, idecided ito itake imatters iinto

ihis iown ihands. iHe iplotted ito isteal ithe ibracelet iwhile iCorey iwas iaway.

iThat inight, ias iCorey islept, iSammy istealthily iapproached ithe inest. iJust

ias ihe iwas iabout ito igrab ithe ibracelet, ia isudden igust iof iwind iblew iit

iaway iinto ithe idarkness. iThe inext imorning. iCorey irealized ithe

ibracelet iwas igone. iHe iknew iSammy ihad itry ito isteal iit ibut ifelt isorry

ifor ihim. iInstead iof iseeking irevenge, iCorey idecided ito iteach iSammy ia

ivaluable ilesson. iHe ifound iSammy iand isaid, i“ iSammy, iI iknow iyou

itried ito isteal ithe ibracelet, ibut igreed iled iyou ito ilose iit. iInstead iof

itrying ito itake iwhat iothers ihave, iyou ishould iwork ihard iand ibe icontent

iwith iwhat iyou ican iearn.”

 Morals:

 Greed iis ia icurse.

 Jealousy iand iGreed ican ilead ito iloss iand idisappointment.
 Hark iword iand icontentment ibring ilasting isatisfaction.

5. The Heron , the trout and the Crab:

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Once iupon ia itime, iin ia iserene imeadow iby ithe iside iof ia iglistening
istream, ilived ia iwise iold iheron, ia iplayful itrout, iand ia icunning icrab.

iThey iwere ivery idifferent ifrom ieach iother ibut iwere igood ifriends. iOne

iscorching isummer, ia isevere idrought ihit itheir iland, icausing ithe istream

ito ishrink, iand ithe iwater ilevel idropped idramatically. iThe iheron, iwith

iits ilong ilegs, icould istill icatch ifish, ibut ithe itrout ifound iit iincreasingly

idifficult ito iswim iin ithe ishallow iwater. iThe icrab, ihowever, iwas ithe
 imost itroubled. iIt iwas iunable ito imove iin ithe ialmost idry istreambed.
iThe iHeron, iout iof icompassion ifor iits ifriends, iproposed ia iplan. iIt

idecided ito ishare isome iof iits icatch iwith ithe itrout iand ithe icrab ievery

iday, imaking isure ithat ieveryone ihad ienough ito ieat. iThe itrout iand ithe

icrab, iin ireturn, ishared itheir iwisdom iand iinsights iwith ithe iHeron. iAs

ithe idays iwent iby, ithe idrought icontinued, iand ithe iHeron’s idaily

icatches idwindled. iBut ithe iHeron iremained icommitted ito isharing iwhat

iit icould iwith iits ifriends. iThe itrout iand ith icrab, ion ithe iother ihand,

idevised ia iplan iof itheir iown. iThe itrout, idespite ithe ilow iwater ilevel i,

iused iits iagility ito icatch iinsects iand ishared ithem iwith ithe icrab, iwho

icould istill imove iaround iits istrong iclaws. iThey iall isupported ieach

iother, imaking ithe ibest iof itheir ichallenging isituation.

Finally, ithe idrought iended, iand ithe istream ibegan ito iflow ionce imore.
iThe iHeron’s ifood isource ireturned ito inormal, iand ithe itrout icould

iswim ifreely iagain. iThe icrab, itoo, iwas ihappy ito ireturn ito iits

iunderwater iworld.

 Morals:

 Union iis istrength.

 United iwe istand, idivided iwe ifall.
 Adversity, itrue ifriendship iand icooperation ishine ithe ibrightest.

 Conclusion:

“Kalila iAnd iDimna” iis ia icollection iof ianimal ifables ithat ioriginated iin
iancient iIndia iand ilater ispread ito ivarious icultures. iThe ifables itypically

ifeature ianthropomorphic ianimals iand iimpart imoral ilessons. iThese

istories ioften irevolve iaround ithemes isuch ias iwisdom, icunning iand ithe

iconsequences iof ione’s iactions. iWhile ithe ispecific ifables ivary, ithey iall
ishare ithe igoal iof iteaching ivaluable ilife ilessons ithrough iengaging iand
irelatable ianimal icharacters.