PG TRB TAMIL ONE MARK Notes

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KJfiyj; jkpohrpupaHj;NjHTf;F cupaJ

1. jkpOf;Fk; Mhpaj;jpw;Fk; nghJ vOj;Jf;fs; 25
2. jkpOf;Fk; Mhpaj;jpw;Fk; nghJthd caph; vOj;Jf;fs; 10
3. jkpOf;Fk; Mhpaj;jpw;Fk; nghJthd nka; vOj;Jf;fs; 15
4. njhfh epiyj; njhlh;fs; 9
5. nra;As; tpfhuk; MW tifg;gLk;
6. Kjy; E}yhy; ngah; ngw;wJ ghujk;
7. fUj;jhthy; ngah; ngw;wJ njhy;fhg;gpak;
8. mstpdhy; - ehyb 400
9. kpFjpahy; - fstpay;
10. nghUshy; – mfg;nghUs; tpsf;fk;
11. nra;tpj;Njhdhy; - ,se;jpiuak;
12. jd;ikahy; - ed;D}y;
13. ,LFwpahy; - epfz;L
14. nkhopKjy; 22; nkhopapWjp 24; Qzekdauytos> 12 caph;> Fw;wpaYfuk;
15. vOj;Jr;rhhpia – fuk;> fhuk;> fhd; ; nrhw;rhhpia g – md;>Md;
16. khw;wpyf;fzj;jpd; je;ij Nehk; rhk;];fp
17. mfuhjpfis epfz;L vd toq;fpNahh; rkzh;
18. ,e;jpahtpy; ,e;jpf;F mLj;jgbahfg; Ngrg;gLk; nkhop njYq;F
19. jkpOf;Fk; kiyahsj;Jf;Fk; kpf neUq;fpa njhlh;G cz;L - vkNdh
20. ,e;jpa thp tbtq;fspd; jha; gpuhkp
21. rq;fk; vd;w nrhy; Kjypy; kzpNkfiyapy;jhd; tUfpwJ
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22. ru];tjp kfhy; E}y; epiyak; ruNgh[p kd;dh;
23. jpUthidf;fh cyh ghbath; fhsNkfk;
24. jpUkiyuhad; mitapNy ,Ue;j Gyth;fSf;F jz;bifg; Gyth;fs; vd;W ngah;
25. fhsNkfj;jplk; thjpl;Lj; Njhw;wth; mjpkJu ftp
26. ,uz;lhk; jpU.tp.f vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; k.ngh.rptQhdk;
27. rjhtjhdk; - fjpiuNtw;gps;is
28. jia cilath; vy;yhUk; rkur rd;khh;ff ; k; rhh;e;jtNu – ts;syhh;
29. jpUtp.f.tpd; nghJik Ntl;liy ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lj; jpUthrfk; vd;wth; K.t
30. jpU.tp.f.tpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;W E}y; - jpU.tp.f.tpd; tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gfs;
31. mk;gyg;l;Nl mUl;ghl;L - ts;syhh;
32. nra;As; tif ehd;F - Kj;jfk;> Fsfk;> njhifepiy> njhlh;epiy
33. fhh;kz;ly rjfk; - Miw fpohh;
34. jkpo; nkhopapy; Njhd;wpa ‘,uz;lhtJ jpUf;Fws; ‘ GwehD}W
35. mwpQh; mz;zhthy; jkpo;ehl;bd; thdk;ghb vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; Kbaurd;
36. thzpjhrh; cyff;ftpQh; Mjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gnjdJ Ntl;if – jpU.tp.f
37. thzpjhrd; ghly;fis Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jhy; Nehgy; ghpRngwf; $Lk; vdg;
ghuhl;bath; fz;zjhrd;
38. ‘kw;nwhU ghujp gpwe;Jtpl;lhd;’ vdr; Rujhitg; ghuhl;bath; t.uh
39. Rujh ciuahly; mikj;j jpiug;glk; kq;ifah;f;furp
40. jd;khd ,af;fj;jpd; rpwe;j ghtyh; vdg; nghpahuhy; ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; ghujpjhrd;
41. Rth;f;fj;jpy; mz;zh – fz;zjhrd; ghba ,uq;fw;gh
42. uh[uh[d; tpUJ ngw;w n[afhe;jdpd; ehty; Re;jufhz;lk;
43. fbif vd;gjd; nghUs; mwepiyak;
44. F.g.uhtpd; Nrhjidf; fijfspd; mbj;jsk; ghypay;
45. jiyjLkhw;wk; vd;gJ cj;jp tiffSs; xd;W
1 PG TRB TAMIL
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46. Nfhapy; xOF Fwpg;gpLk; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpapy; ,lk; ngWgth; – tp[aefukd;dh;

47. mWrkaf; nfhs;ifia cUthf;fpath; Mjprq;fuh;
48. Nfhtpy;fspy; ,iwtDf;Fg; gzpnra;j kfsph; cUj;jpu fzpifah;
49. ehty;fs; ,uz;L Njhd;w mbg;gilahd n[afhe;jdpd; rpWfij mf;fpdpg; gpuNtrk;
50. <L vd;gJ itzt E}ypd; ciu
51. jpUtuq;ff; Nfhapypd; Fjpiu kz;lgj;ijf; fl;bath;fs; tp[aefu kd;dh;fs;
52. ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Njhw;Weh; A.O.`pa+k;
53. fPo;ntz;kzpr; rk;gtj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vOe;j ehty; FUjpg;gGdy;
54. ifyhrgjpapd; jpwdha;tpy; kpFe;jpUg;gJ cUttpay;
55. m/wpizg; ngah; tpsp Vw;Fk;NghJ Vfhuk; ngWk;
56. itahGhpg;gps;isapd; jpwdha;tpy; fUj;J NtWghl;bw;F chpajhf miktJ mtuJ
gpd;Gy Ma;T
57. rhkNtj rhuk; - jpUtha;nkhop
58. cs;Siw nja;tk; xope;j fUg;nghUis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tUk;.
59. njhy;fhg;gpak; xU tpsf;fKiw ,yf;fzk;
60. rhz;by;adpd; ,uhgh;l; fpisg; gw;wpa ehty; uh[Nghpif
61. rhz;by;ad; nfhw;if Re;jughz;baid ikakhf itj;J vOjpaJ uh[Kj;jpiu
62. etje;jpuf; fijfs; - ghujpahh;
63. ghyghujp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; rhj;J}H; Rg;ukzpa Nahfp
64. jpuhtplg; gpufhrpif E}yhrphpah; rghgjp ehtyh;
65. goe;jkpo; E}y;fisg; gjpg;gpg;gjpy; Kd;Ndhb rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is
66. c.Nt.rh.tpd; Kjy; gjpg;G E}y; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp
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67. [y;ypf;fl;L vUjhl;lj;ij itj;J rp.R.nry;yg;gh vOjpaJ thbthry;
68. njd; jpUtpjhq;$h; jkpohpd; Ngr;R nkhopapy; vOJgth; n`g;rpgh N[Rjhrd;
69. N\f;];gpahpd; ehlfq;fisj; jkpopy; je;jth; eNlr rh];jphp
70. jkpo; ehty; Jiwapy; cs;sL P > tbT Mfpa ,UtifapYk; GJikia tsh;j;jth;
khjitah. ,th; elj;jpa ,jo; gQ;rhkph;jk;
71. khjitahtpd; Gidngah; - NfhzNfhghyd;
72. rptfhkpapd; rgjk; - eurpk;kth;kd;
73. ghh;j;jpgd; fdT – kNfe;jputh;kd;
74. nghd;dpapd; nry;td; - ,uhruhrd;
75. 1942 Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F tbT je;jJ jpahfj; jOk;G - ehuz Jiuf;fz;zd;
76. Nejh[papd; tpLjiyg;gil – neQ;rpd; miyfs; - mfpyd;
77. vOj;jhsh;fspd; Nghuhl;lq;fis tpsf;FtJ – ghit tpsf;F
78. Ntq;ifapd; ike;jd; - fy;fp - ,uhN[e;jpu Nrhod;
79. ntw;wpj; jpUefh; - tp[aefug; NguuR
80. rptngUkhd; Mly; - ghz;luq;fk;
jpUkhy; - Flk;
jpUkfs; - ghit
KUfd; - Fil> Jb
fhkd; - NgL
Jh;f;if – kuf;fhy;
81. ifNfhh;j;J MLtJ Fuit
82. Klf;fpa ,Uif gOg;Gil nahw;wpahly; Jzq;if
83. Ntydhly; ntwp
84. xw;wWj;jy; tl;liz
85. ifFtpj;Jf; nfhl;ly; nfhk;ik
2 PG TRB TAMIL

86. Fe;jp epw;wy; FQ;rpjk;

87. if$g;gp nka; nfhl;b epw;wy; Fle;jk;
88. tz;zjhrd; - epiy> fly;Guj;jpy;
89. gokya; - rdq;fspd; fij
90. kD\;aGj;jpud; - vd; gLf;ifaiwapy; ahNuh xspe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;
91. Nrrh\yk; - Mfhrk; gl;L
92. I.utp MWKfk; - gdpj;Jspf;Fs; xU ghw;fly;
93. KUfdpd; fl;lisahy; mtuJ tyJ Njhspy; tPw;wpUg;gth; mUzfphp ehjh;
94. Mrphpa epfz;bd; Mrphpah; Mz;bg; Gyth;
95. fe;jGuhzf; fPh;j;jid ftpFQ;ru ghujp
96. guzp ghLtjw;Fhpa ahg;G – jhopir
97. gonkhop tpsf;fk; vd;Dk; jz;liyahh; rjfk; - gbf;fhRg; Gyth;
98. FUehdf;fpd; rPlh; - fgPh;jhrh; - mtuJ nfhs;iffs; - Mjpfpue;jk;
99. mj;jpf;Fk;ghf; fy;ntl;L $Wk; fypq;f kd;dd; fhuNtyd;
100. rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpy; kJiuia Mz;ltd; Mhpag;gil fle;jhd;
101. kNfe;jputh;kdpd; ,irg;Gyikf;Fr; rhd;W FLkpahd; kiyf;fy;ntl;L
102. jpUTil kd;didf; fhzpy; jpUkhiyf; fz;Nld; - ek;kho;thh;
103. kNfe;jpud; jpUtjpifapy; fl;ba rptd;Nfhapy; - FzGu <r;Ruk;
104. xd;W Kjy; xd;gJ tiuapyhd jpUKiwfs; Njhj;jpuk; : gj;jhtJ rhj;jpuk; ;
gjpndhd;whtJ gpuge;jk;; gd;dpuz;lhtJ Guhzk;.
105. kd;dh; rk;ge;jh; ghbait – jpUf;filf;fhg;G: mg;gh; – Njthuk; ; Re;juh; - jpUg;ghl;L.
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106. ghujpahh; ghly;fspy; nghpaJ ghQ;rhyp rgjk;
107. khjtp fhtpak; - ftpQh; jkpnohsp
108. gjpnzd;fPo;fzf;fpy; cs;s ghly;fs; 3250
109. cj;juNtjk;> thAiw tho;j;J> jkpo; kiw – jpUf;Fws;
110. Ntshz; Ntjk; - ehbahh;
111. fUf;F. rq;fjp – ghkh (jypj;)
112. Re;jufhz;lk; - n[afhe;jd; - re;jpah – gpugQ;rd; - kz;zfj;Jg; g+e;Jfpy;fs; -
,uh[k; fpU\;zd; ; (ngz;zpak;)
113. nghd;dPydpd; Gjpa jhprdq;fs; vjhh;j;jk;
114. jpUkiyuhad; mitapy; ,Ue;j Gyth;fs; - jz;bifg;Gyth;fs;
115. fhsNkfj;NjhL thjpl;Lj; Njhw;wth; mjpkJuftp
116. ,uz;lhk; jpU.tp.f.vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; k.ngh.rp
117. jhkiu> nts;sk;> Mk;gy; vd;gd - Ngnuz;fs;
118. Ntyd; ntwpahl;L ntl;rpj;jpizf;F chpaJ
119. njhy;fhg;gpak; 3999 mbfis cilaJ vdf; $wpath; t.Rg.khzpf;fk;
120. njhy;fhg;gpah; $Wk; cr;rfhuk; R; cg;gfhuk; - G; <fhu gfuk; - gP
tlE}w;fliy epiyfz;Lzh;e;jth; Nrdhtiuah;
1. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mftw;ghNt kpFjp: tQ;rpAk; cz;L.
2. ,jpy; czh;tpyf;fpak; kpFjp: mwptpyf;fpak; FiwT
3. gy;yth;fs; gpuhfpUjj;ij muR nkhopahfTk; tlnkhopia MjuT nkhopahfTk;
nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
4. tlnkhopf; fy;Y}hpfs; mike;j ,lq;fs;: fhQ;rp> gh$h;> fbfhryk;
5. fsg;gpuh;fs; Nghw;wpa nkhop ghyp
6. fsg;gpuh;fs; gpuhkpapYk; gy;yth;fs; fpue;jj;jpYk; jkpio vOjpdh;.
7. rq;f fhyj;jpa vOj;J – tl;nlOj;J
3 PG TRB TAMIL

8. fpgp 470 ,y; tr;rpuee;jp vd;Dk; rkzh; kJiuapy; rq;fk; epWtpdhh;.

9. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;Jf;fhd gh – ntz;gh
10. gpw;fhyf; Nfhit ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F topfhl;baJ - fhh; ehw;gJ
11. ed;ghl;Lg; Gytdha;rr ; q;fk; Vwp
ew;fdff; fpopjUkpf; fUspNdhd; fhz;
mg;gh; Njthuk; - jpUg;Gj;J}h; jpUj;jhz;lfk;
12. Kjw;rq;fk; - 549 Ngh; - 4449 Ngh; ghbdh;. ghlg;gl;lit – ghpghly;> KJehiu>
KJFUF> fshpahtpiu rq;fk; eilngw;wJ – 4440 Mz;Lfs;
Mjhpj;j murh;fs; fha;r;rpd tOjp Kjy; fLq;Nfhd; tiu 89 Ngh; ftpauq;Nfwpa
ghz;bah;fs; 7 Ngh; ,lk;: fly; nfhz;l kJiu E}y;: mfj;jpak;
13. ,ilr;rq;fkpUe;Njhh; 59 Ngh;> 3700Ngh; ghbdh;. ghlg;gl;lit: fyp> FUF> ntz;lhsp>
tpahokhiy> mfty;
E}y;: mfj;jpak;> njhy;fhg;gpak;> khGuhzk;> ,ir EZf;fk;> g+jGuhzk;> rq;fk;
eingw;wJ 3700 Mz;Lfs;.
Mjhpj;j murh;fs; ntz;Nlh;r;nropad; Kjyhf Klj;jpUkhwd; tiu 59 Ngh;
ftpauq;Nfwpa ghz;bah; Ith;. ,lk;: fghlGuk;
14. filr;rq;fkpUe;Njhh; 49 Ngh;. 449 Ngh; ghbdh;.
ghlg;gl;lit vl;Lj;njhif - $j;J> thp> rpw;wpir> Nghpir
rq;fk; eilngw;wJ 1850 Mz;Lfs;
Mjhpj;Njhh; Klj;jpUkhwd; Kjy; cf;fpug; ngUtOjp tiu 49 Ngh;
ftpauq;Nfwpa ghz;bah; %th;.
15. rq;fNk ,Ue;jjpy;iy vd;Nghh; P.T.rPdpthr Iaq;fhh;> K.N.rptuh[ gps;is> fh.ekrptha
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Kjypahh;
16. rq;fk; vd;w nghUs; jUk; nrhw;fs; - mit> Gzh; $l;L> njhif> fofk;> FO> gl;b>
kz;lgk;
17. xU rq;fk; ,Ue;jJ cz;ik vd;Nghh; K.A.ePyfz;l rh];jphp> V.R.uhkr;re;jpu jPlr ; pjh;>
S.itahGhpg; gps;is
18. Kr;rq;fk; ,Ue;jJ cz;ikNa – c.Nt.rh.> fh.R.gps;is> fh.mg;ghj;Jiuahh;> ghthzh;
19. ngha;abik apy;yhj Gyth;f;F kbNad; - Re;juh;
20. njd;jkpo; ehl;Lj; jPJjPh; kJiu – rpyg;gjpfhuk;
21. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l E}yhff; fUjg;gLtJ – nrq;Nfhd; jiur;nryT
22. kfhghujk; jkpo;g;gLj;Jk; kJuhGhpr; rq;fk; itj;Jk; - rpd;d kD}h;r; nrg;NgL.
23. jkpnoDk; msg;gUk; ryjp je;jtd; - mfj;jpad;
24. mfj;jpahpd; rPlh;fs; gd;dpUth; ghbaJ – gd;dpUglyk;
25. mfj;jpak;> Kj;jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y;: 12000 E}w;ghf;fs; ,Ue;jd.
26. 103 mfj;jpar; #j;jpuq;fs; nfhz;lJ Ngufj;jpaj; jpul;L – gthde;jk;gps;is
27. njhy;fhg;gpak; mfty; Nghd;w ahg;gpsJ: gdk;ghudhh; ghapuk; ghbAs;shh;
mjq;Nfhl;lhrhd; jiyikapy; epye;jU jpUtpw; ghz;bad; mitapy; muq;Nfw;wk;
28. rq;fg; ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 2381: ghba Gyth;fs; Vwj;jho 500 Ngh;. ngah; njhpahg;
Gyth;fs; 102 Ngh;
29. vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs; vz;ngUe;njhif vdTk;gLk;.
30. ew;wpiz: 400 ghly;fs; : 9-12 mbfs;
njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khwd; tOjp
njhFj;jth;: njhpatpy;iy: ghba Gyth;fs; 175 Ngh;
flTs; tho;j;J – jpUkhy; gw;wpaJ; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;
31. jpizapd; ngauhy; mike;j rpwg;GilaJ.
4 PG TRB TAMIL

32. xUKiy mWj;j jpUkhTz;zp - fz;zfp gw;wpaJ – ew;wpizapy; csJ.

33. FWe;njhif: 400 : 4-8 mbfs;
njhFg;gpj;jtd; - g+hpf;Nfh; njhFj;jth; cg;g+hpFbfpohh;
ghbNahh; - 205 Ngh;; flTs; tho;j;J – KUfd; gw;wpaJ
njhif E}y;fspy; Kjypy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ. ey;y vd;w milnkhop ngw;wJ.
mzpyhL Kd;wpahh;> fhf;ifg; ghbdpahh;> Fg;igf;Nfhopahh;> tpl;l Fjpiuahh;> kPndwp
J}z;byhh;> ghly; njhluhy; ngah; ngw;Nwhh;.
‘tpidNa Mlth;f;F capNu’ – 125
‘ifAk; fhYk; J}f;fj; J}f;Fk; Mbg;ghit Nghy – 8
‘ahAk; QhAk;’ - 40
34. Iq;FE E}W : Ie;jpizf;Fk;> jdpj;jdpNa E}W E}W ghly;fs; 3-6 mbfisAilaJ.
flTs; tho;j;J rptd; gw;wpaJ. njhFj;jtd; - Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;
njhFg;gpj;jtd; - ahidf; fl;Nra; khe;juQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw
kUjk; - Xuk;Nghfp; nea;jy; - mk;%td;; FwpQ;rp – fgpyd; ;
ghiy – Xjyhe;ij; Ky;iy – Ngad;
35. mfehD}W; mfk;> mfg;ghl;L> neLe;njhif vdg;gLk;. 13-31 mbfs;
njhFj;jtd;: kJiu cg;Ghp Fbfpohd; kfd; cUj;jpurd;kd;
njhFg;gpj;jtd; : ghz;bad; cf;fpug; ngUtOjp: flTs; tho;j;J – rptd;
tpy;ytjiuad; ghba ghapuk; xd;WsJ.
1>3>5>7>9 – ghiy; 10>20 – nea;jy;; 4>14 – Ky;iy; 2-8 – FwpQ;rp; 6-16 - kUjk; ;
1-120 - fspw;wpahidepiu; 121-300 – kzpkpilgtsk;; 301-400 – epj;jpyf;Nfhit
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ghba Gyth;fs; 145 Ngh;
gz;ilj; jkpoh; jpUkzKiw ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ gq;Fdp tpoh> fhh;j;jpif tpsf;F>
Ik;gilj; jhyp – nra;jpfs; cs;sd.
fq;fh;> ghzh;> jpiuah;> ee;jh;> nkshpah;> atdh; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd.
FlNthiyj; Njh;jy; Kiw
36. fypj;njhif: fypg;ghthy; MdJ> juT> jhopir> jdpr;nrhy;> Rhpjfk; vd;Dk;
mikg;gpdJ; – 150 ghly;fs;
ngUq;fLq;Nfhd; - ghiy; fgpyd; - FwpQ;rp; kUjdpsehfd; - kUjk;; ey;YUj;jpud; -
Ky;iy; ey;ye;Jtd; - nea;jy;
ghiy – 35; FwpQ;rp – 29; kUjk; - 35; Ky;iy – 17; nea;jy;- 33;
xt;nthU ghl;Lk; Xuq;f ehlfg; ghq;fpy; mike;Js;sJ.
37. ghpghly; ; gy;tifg; ghf;fSk; gytha mbfSk; ghpe;JtUk; ghl;L
fhkNk fUj;jhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ rpw;nwy;iy 25; Ngnuy;iy 400 mbfs;.
itia> KUfd; gw;wpa ghly;fs; mfg;nghUs; gw;wpad
ghz;bah; gw;wpg; NgRtjhy; Gwk;. mfKk; GwKk; fye;jJ.
70 ghly;fs; ,Ue;jd: ,d;W fpilg;git 22 ghly;fNs
jpUkhy; 6; KUfd; 8; itia 8;
,tw;iwg; ghbNahh; 13 Gyth;fs; njhFj;jth; ngah; njhpatpy;iy
ghl;bd; ,Wjpapy; gz; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
38. gjpw;Wg;gj;J:
Nru kd;dh;fs; gj;Jg; Ngiug; gw;wpg; gj;Jg; Gyth;fs; ghbaJ
Kjw;gj;Jk; ,Wjpg; gj;Jk; ,y;iy
Kjw;gj;J – cjpaQ;Nruiyg; gw;wpAk;> ,Wjpg;gj;J – khe;juQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw
gw;wpAk; ,Uf;fyhk;
5 PG TRB TAMIL

xt;nthU ghl;bd; ,WjpapYk; tz;zKk; J}f;Fk; JiwAk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,J ,irNahL ghlg;gLk; E}y;
xt;nthU gj;jpd; KbtpYk; gjpfk; cs;sJ
gy nra;As;fs; me;jhjp Kiwapy; tUfpd;wd
39. GwehD}W: flTs; tho;j;J rptd; gw;wpaJ
ghba Gyth;fs; – 160 Ngh;
njhFj;jth; njhFg;gpj;jth; njhpatpy;iy
4-40 mb tiuaiw
40. gj;Jg; ghl;L E}y;fs; gj;ijAk; ghbNahh; vz;kh;.
ef;fPuh; - KUF> neLey;thil
cUj;jpuq; fz;zdhh; - gl;bdg;ghiy> ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
fhpfhyd; - ,t;tpuz;bd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd;
ghz;bad; neLQ;nropad; - neLey;thil> kJiuf; fhQ;rpapd; ghly; jiytd;
gj;Jg;ghl;by; nghpaJ – kJiuf;fhQ;rp – 782 mbfs;
gj;Jg;ghl;by; rpwpaJ – Ky;iyg; ghl;L – 103 mbfs;
41. gjpNdhuhk; jpUKiwapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y; - KUfhw;Wg; gil
42. irth;fs; ehSk; ghuhazk; nra;Ak; gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y; - KUfhw;Wg; gil
43. muThpad;d mWit> cz;ZKd; fhf;iff;Fr; NrhwpLk; tof;fk; gw;wpf; $WtJ –
nghUeuhw;Wg;gil
44. fztd; Gz;zhy; gLk; Jauj;ijf; Fwkfs; ghl;Lg; ghbj; jzpg;gJ gw;wpa nra;jp
$WtJ - $j;juhw;Wg;gil
45. vy;yhp> FWe;J}k;G> jl;il> gjiy> ghz;by;> fubif Mfpa ,irf;fUtpfs; gw;wpf;
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$WtJ - $j;juhw;Wg;gil
46. gj;Jg;ghl;by; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; ,y;yhj E}y; - Ky;iyg;ghl;L
47. nrytOq;Fjy; vd;Dk; Jiwapy; mike;jJ – gl;bdg;ghiy
48. Rq;fg; nghUs;fspd; kPJ Nrhod; Gypg;nghwp nghwpf;fg;gl;lijg; gl;bdg;ghiy $WfpwJ
49. mwj;njhL epw;wy; vd;Dk; Jiwapy; mike;jJ – FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L
50. ‘MW fple;jd;d mfd; neLe;njU’ – kJiuf; fhQ;rp
51. atdhpd; ghit tpsf;F> kpNyr;rh; efiuf; fhty; nra;jJ gw;wpf; $WtJ
neLey;thil
52. gj;Jg;ghl;bNyNa jiyrpwe;jJ vdj; jf;fJ neLey;thil
53. Mq;fpyf; ftpQd; ePl;rpd; Eve of St.Agnes cld; xg;gplf; $baJ neLey;
54. Gyd; mOf;fw;w me;jzhsd; - fgpyh;
55. ‘nghJNehf;F xopkjp Gyth; khl;Nl’ vd;W kiyakhdplk; $wpath; fgpyh;
56. ghhpapd; kiwT gw;wp 9 ifaWepiyg;ghly;fs; ghbAs;shh;
57. rq;fg; Gyth;fspy; msthy; mjpfk; ghbath; – fgpyh; – 208 ghly;fs;
58. tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfis mjpfk; $Wgth; guzh;
59. ,yf;fpag; Gyth; rpq;fk; vdr; rptug;gpufhruhy; Gfog;gl;lth; ef;fPuh;
60. tuyhw;Wg; Gyth; vdr; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLgth; kh%ydhh;
61. fhpfhw; NrhoNdhL Nfhtpy; ntz;zpg; Nghhpy; Njhw;wtd; ngUQ;Nruyhjd;
62. ghujg;Nghhpy; ,U gilfSf;Fk; ngUQ;NrhW mspj;jtd; cjpaQ;Nruyhjd;
63. nghjpdp vdg;gLtJ goep
64. mhprpy; fpohUk; nghd;KbahUk; Nrh;e;J ghbaJ jf^h; ahj;jpiu
65. mt;it vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;Fj; jha; vd;gJ nghUs;
66. njhy;fhg;gpah; Fwpg;gpLk; mk;ik vd;Dk; tdg;gpDs; miktJ fPo;f;fzf;F
67. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;ifg; ghbath;fs; 13 Ngh;
68. jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; nghUs; thq;Fjy; ed;wd;W vd;wth; fzpNkjhtpahh; jpizkhiy
6 PG TRB TAMIL

69. fhyj;jhy; ngah; ngw;w E}y; - fhh; ehw;gJ

70. ife;epiy – ,jpy; if vd;gJ xOf;fk; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.
71. Ie;jpiz mWgJ vdg;gLtJ – ife;epiy
72. guzp ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Ff; fhy;Nfhshf tpsq;FtJ fstop ehw;gJ
73. Fwspd; rhuNkh vDkstpw;Ff; Fws; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ ,d;dh ehw;gJ
74. 164 ,d;dhr; nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd
75. gpukd; topghL $WtJ - ,dpait ehw;gJ
76. Nts;tpapd; nghUl;Lf; $lf; nfhiy $lhJ> gofpDk; ghh;g;ghiuj; jPg;Nghy xOf
Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WtJ – jphpfLfk;
77. czT nfhLg;gNj cah;thd mwk; vd;Dk; E}y; - Vyhjp
78. Mh;fyp cyfj;J kf;fl;nfy;yhk; vdj; njhlq;FtJ KJnkhopf; fhQ;rp
79. ehybahh; - mwk; 13; nghUs; 24; fhkk; 3; 40 mjpfhuq;fs;
80. cj;ju Ntjk;> vdg;gLtJ jpUf;Fws;
81. jpUf;Fwspy; cs;s tlnrhw;fs; 50f;Fk; FiwT
82. vg;ghtyUk; ,iagNt ts;Stdhh; Kg;ghy; nkhope;j nkhop – fy;yhldh;
83. vy;yhg; nghUSk;> ,jd; ghYs vd;wth; - jkpo; ehadhh;
84. Klq;fy; Kj;jpiuaplg;gLtijf; $Wk; E}y; - rpyk;G
85. ghz;ba Nruh; muz;kidfspy; $d;> FUL> Cik> Ngb Nghd;Nwhh;
gzpahsuhf ,Ue;jijf; $WtJ rpyk;G
86. Mk;gyq;Foy;> nfhd;iwaq;Foy; - Jisf;fUtpfs;
kfu> rNfhl> Nghp> nrq;Nfhl;baho; - euk;Gf; fUtpfs;
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ry;ypif> MtQ;rp> ,lf;if> fubif – Njhw;fUtpfs;
87. Gfhiuf; fhty; fhj;j nja;tq;fs; - kJuhgjp> rk;ghghp
88. g/Wspahw;Wld; gd;kiy aLf;fj;Jf; Fkhpf;NfhLk; nfhLq;fly; nfhz;
89. FwpQ;rpAk; Ky;iyAk; Kiwikapy; jphpe;J ghiyahdJ
90. Ik;ngUq;FO> vz;Nguhak;> Itif kd;wq;fs;
91. aho;E}y; Nghd;w E}y;fs; Njhd;w mbg;gilahd E}y; - rpyk;G
92. ek;ik kwe;jhiu ehk; kwf;f khl;Nlkhy; vDk; gz;gpdJ – rpyk;G
93. cyfpNyNa ngha;ikAk; GidTk; Fiwe;j fhg;gpak; - rpyk;G
94. rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;gijtplr; rpwg;gjpfhuk; vdyhk; vd;wth; c.Nt.rh
95. kzpNkfiy 4286 mbfs; ,iaG vd;Dk; tdg;G cilaJ.
96. kzpNkfiy Gj;j gPbifahy; gok;gpwg;G czh;e;jhs;
97. kzpNkfiy jPtjpyifapd; cjtpahy; mKjRugp ngw;whs;.
98. kzpNkfiy mwtz mbfshy; mwk; czh;ej ; hs;
99. kzpNkfiy Mjpiuaplk; mKJ ngw;whs;
100. Ngr;R eilAk; ,yf;fpa eilAk; ,ize;j fhg;gpak; Nkfiy
101. rPh;jpUj;jf; fhg;gpak;> rkaf;fhg;gpak; (Kjy;) – Nkfiy
102. klf;F> njhdp> rpNyil Nghd;w mzpfis Kjypy; nfhz;lJ – Nkfiy
103. grpg; gpzpiag; ghtp vd;wJ – Nkfiy
104. rpWghd;ik nra;As; ngUk;ghd;ik ciueilahy; tUtJ – jf^h; ahj;jpiu
105. njhd;ik vd;Dk; tdg;gpw;F cjhuzk; jf^h; ahj;jpiu
106. tpUe;J vd;Dk; tdg;gpw;F ,yf;fpakhtJ Kj;njhs;shapuk;
107. Kj;njhs;shapuj;jpy; fpilg;gd 109 ghly;fNs
108. Mz;ltdhy; mk;ikNa vd miof;fg; ngw;wth; - fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh;
109. ,th; jiyahy; jto;e;J> nrd;W topgl;l ,lk; - jpUthyq;fhL
110. ,j;jyj;jpy; fhybgl mQ;rpath; rk;ge;jh;
111. 63 ehad;khh;fspy; mkh;e;j Nfhyj;jpy; ,Ug;gth; fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh;
7 PG TRB TAMIL

112. jpUke;jpuj;jpy; jw;NghJ fpilf;Fk; ghly;fs; - 3047

113. jkpo; %thapuk; vdg;gLtJ jpUke;jpuk; - 9 je;jpuq;fis cilaJ
114. irt rpj;jhe;jf; nfhs;iffis czh;j;Jk; gioa jkpohfkk; - jpUke;jpuk;
115. rpj;jhe;jk; vd;w nrhy; Kjd; Kjypy; Ml;rp ngWtJ jpUke;jpuk;
116. KOtJk; fyptpUj;jj;jpy; ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ
117. rk;ge;jh; jpUf;Nfhyf;fhtpy; nghw;whsKk; gl;Br;Ruj;jpy; Kj;Jg;ge;jUk; ngw;W
118. jpUkiwf; fhl;Lf; Nfhapy; fjTfs; %lg; ghbdhh;
119. rk;ge;jh; – Nrho ehL; rPh;fhop
ngw;Nwhh; : rptghj ,Ujah; - MSilagps;is
NjhLila nrtpad; - Kjy; ghly;
Kayfd; vDk; Neha; ePq;fg; ghbath; - Mz; gidiag; ngz; gid Mf;fp tho;e;j
fhyk; 16 Mz;Lfs;
rk;ge;jh; ghbad: 16>000 gjpfq;fs;
jw;NghJ fpilg;git: 383 gjpfq;fs;> 1213 ghly;fs;
,tiuj; jpuhtpl rpR vd;wth; rq;fuh;
gps;isghjp Guhzk; ghjp vd;W ,tiug; gw;wpf; $WtJ – nghpaGuhzk;
‘Qhdj;jpd; jpUTU’ ‘ehd; kiwapd; jdpj;Jiz’
xt;nthU gjpfj;jpYk;> 8tJ ghl;by; ,uhtzidAk; 9tJ ghl;by; jpUkhy;> gpuk;kid
tpl Nkk;gl;ltd; vdr; rptidAk; 10tJ ghl;by; rkz ngsj;jr; rkaq;fisr; rhbAk;
ghbAs;shh;.
ehafd; ehafp ghtk; - rpiwahUk; klf;fpspNa ,q;Nf th
akfk;> jphpG> Vfghjk; Nghd;w nrhy;yzpfs; -
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fphpia vd;Dk; rj;Gj;u khh;f;fj;jth;
,d;jkpo; VRehjh;.
120. jpUehTf;furh;
jpUKidg;ghb ehL – jpUth%h; : Gfodhh; - khjpdpahh;
rNfhjhp – jpyftjpahh; - ,aw;ngah; : kUs;ePf;fpahh; - jUkNrdh;
#iy Nehahy; mtjp
ehkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; - ew;WizahtJ ekrpthaNt vd;wth;
thfPrh; - mg;gh; vd;w ngah; mspj;jth; rk;ge;jh;
kiwf;fhl;Lf; fjTk; jpwe;jhh;. cothug; gil nfhz;lth;
gbf;fhR ngw;wth;. kNfe;jputh;k gy;ytidr; irtdhf;fpdhh;
ifyhaf; fhl;rpapid Iahw;wpy; fz;lhh;. 81 Mz;Lfs; tho;e;jhh;
vd; fld; gzpnra;J fplg;gNj> vd;wth;
4900 gjpfq;fspy; 312 gjpfq;fNs 3066 ghly;fNs fpilj;Js;sd.
jhz;lf Nte;jh;
ed;ghl;Lg; Gytdha;r; rq;fk; Vwp ………… rq;fk; gw;wpf; $wpath;
rhpia my;yJ jhr khh;f;fj;jth;
121. Re;juh;
njhz;il ehl;Lj; jpUehtY}h;. ngw;Nwhh; riladhh; - ,irQhdpahh;
td;njhz;lh; - ‘gpj;jh gpiw#b’ jk;gpuhd; Njhoh;
nghpaGuhzj;jpd; ngUe;jiyth;
gd;duP hapuk; nghd;id kzpKj;jhw;wpy; Nghl;L fkyhyaj;jpy; vLj;jhh;
jpUth&hpy; guitahh;. jpUnthw;wpa+hpy; rq;fpyp ehr;rpahh;
Re;juh; nghUl;Lg; guitahhplk; J}J nrd;wtd; ,iwtd;
mtpdhrpapy; KjiyAz;l ghyid vOg;gpdhh;
Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhNuhL nts;is ahid kPjkh;e;J fapiy nrd;whh;
8 PG TRB TAMIL

,tUld; re;jpg;G nfhz;bUe;jth; jpUkq;ifaho;thh;

,th; ghbad 38000 ,g;NghJ 100 gjpfq;fs; 1026 ghly;fNs fpilj;Js;sd
jpUj;njhz;lh; njhif
rfkhh;f;fk; vd;Dk; Nahf newpahFk;.
122. khzpf;fthrfh;
ghz;behL – jpUthjt+h; : rk;Gghjrhhpahh; – rptQhdtjpahh;
mhpkh;j;jd ghz;badplk; mikr;rh; - ‘njd;dtd; gpuk;kuhad;’- gl;lk; ngw;whh;
jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; cgNjrk; ngw;whh;
khzpf;fthrfh; ghb ,iwtd; vOjpaJ jpUthrfk;
ghit ghba thahy; Nfhit ghLf vd;wth; rptd;
32 Mz;LfNs tho;e;jhh; Qhd khh;f;fj;jth;
jpUthrfj;jpw;F cUfhjhh; xU thrfj;jpw;Fk; cUfhh; – thd; fye;j
khzpf;f thrf - ,uhkypq;f mbfs;
jkpo; Ntjk; - irt Ntjk; vdg;gLtJ – jpUthrfk;
Nghg; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;Js;shh;
jkpopy; topghL epfo;j;Jtjw;F ,tuJ ‘Nghw;wpj; jpUtfty;’ Vw;wJ
123. Nfhitg; gpuge;jq;fspy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpaJ jpUf;Nfhitahh;
jpUr;rpw;wk;gyf; Nfhit vdTk;gLk;.
,iwtidj; jiytdhfTk;> capiuj; jiytpahfTk; nfhz;L ghlg;gl;lJ
Muzk;> Vuzk;> vOj;J> fhkE}y; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLtJ ,J
124. rkaf; Futh; ehy;thpy; rk;ge;jh; - gps;is : Re;juh; - Njhod;> thrfh; - khzth;
ehturh; - njhz;lh; vDk; epiyapy; ,iwtDld; njhlh;G
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,e;ehy;th; ghbad irt ehd;kiwfs; vdg;gLk;
re;jhdf; Futh;fs; - nka;fz;l Njth;> mUs; ee;jp Njth;> kiw Qhd rk;ge;jh;>
ckhgjpahh;
125. xd;gjhk; jpUKiw – jpUtpirg;gh> jpUg;gy;yhz;L> nkhj;j gjpfq;fs; 29. ghly;fs;
301. Njthuj;jpy; ,y;yhj ‘rhsughzp’ vd;w gz; ,jpy; cs;sJ.
126. jpy;iyapy; XlhjpUe;j Njiu tlkpd;wp Xlr; nra;jth; - jpUkhspifj; Njth;
127. jpy;iyapy; tlkpd;wpj; NjNuhlg; gy;yhz;L ghbath; Nre;jdhh;
128. rhsughzpg; gz; ghbath; – g+e;JUj;jp fhlt ek;gp
129. jkpo; %thapuk; vdg;gLtJ – jpUke;jpuk; -9 je;jpuq;fshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
130. irt rka Kjy; E}y; - jpUke;jpuk;
131. gd;dpUth; ghbad 40 E}y;fs; –1400 ghf;fs;
132. ef;fPuNjt ehadhh; 1) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil 2) fapiy ghjp fhsj;jpghjp me;jhjp 3)
jpU<q;Nfha;kiy vOgJ 4) jpUtyQ;Rop Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 5) jpUntO $w;wpf;if 6)
Nfhgg; gpurhjk; 9) Nghw;wpf; fypntz;gh 8) ngUe;Njt ghzp
133. fgpyNjt ehadhh; - %j;j ehadhh;> ,ul;il kzpkhiy> rptngUkhd; ,ul;ilkzp
khiy> rptngUkhd; jpUte;jhjp
134. Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhh; - fow;wwpthh;
1.jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh – jkpopy; mikAk; Kjy; cyh – Mjp cyh> nja;tPf cyh
2.nghd; tz;zj;je;jhjp – fl;lisf; fypj;Jiwfs; 101 ghly;fs;
3. jpUth&h; Kk;kzpf; Nfhit – 30 ghly;fs;
135. gl;bdj;jbfs;- ,aw;ngah; jpUntz;fhlh; 1.Nfhapy; ehz;kzp khiy> 2)jpUf;fOky
Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 3) jpUtpil kUJ}h; Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 4) jpUNtfk;gKilahh;
jpUte;jhjp
5) jpUnthw;wpa+h; xUg/J
136. ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
9 PG TRB TAMIL

Ntjq;fis tpahrh; tifg;gLj;jpaJ Nghy ,th; jpUKiwfis tFj;jjhy; jkpo; tpahrh;

vdg;gLfpwhh;
jpUKiwfisj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; ,uhruhrd;
137. Nrf;fpohh; - mUz;nkhopj; Njth;
mdghad; (,uz;lhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd;)
cynfyhk; vd mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLf;fj; jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhzk; ghbdhh;.
njhz;lh;rPh; guTthh;> cj;jk Nrho gy;ytd;> nja;tg;Gyth;
138. gd;dpU jpUKiwfisAk; ghbNahh; 27 Ngh;
139. NfhitfSs; Kjw;Nfhit ghz;bf;Nfhit
140. ngha;ifaho;thh; - ghQrrd;ak; vd;Dk; rq;fpd; mk;rkhfg; gpwe;jhh;
fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; ngha;ifapy; gpwe;jth;
141. g+jj;jho;thh; -jpUkhiyg; g+jk; vdg;ghbath;. kfhgypGuj;jpy; fjhAjj;jpd; mk;rkhfg;
gpwe;jth;
142. Ngaho;thh; - kapiyapy; ee;jfk; vDk; thspd; mk;rkhfg; gpwe;jhh;.
143. itak; jfspah – ngha;ifaho;thh;
144. md;Ng jfspah – g+jj;jho;;thh;
145. jpUkopir- rf;fuj;jpd; mk;rkhfg; gpwe;jth; – gf;jprhuh;
146. ehuhazidg; ghLNtNd ay;yhy; euidg; ghNld; vd;whh; fzpfz;zd;
147. jpUkhiy> ige;jkpopd; gpd; nrd;w gr;irg; gRq;nfhz;ly; vdg; ghuhl;Lgth; –
FkuFUguh;
jpUr;re;j tpUj;jk;> ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp ,th; ghbad.
148. Mo;thh;fspy; jiyik rhd;wth; ek;kho;thh; - clyhff; fUjf; $bath; rlNfhgd;>
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khwd;> guhq;Frd; - NtW ngah;fs;
149. irtj;jpw;F khzpf;fthrfiug; Nghy itztj;jpw;F ek;kho;thh; jpUthrphpak;>
jpUtpUj;jk;> jpUtha;nkhop> nghpa jpUte;jhjp> ,th; ghbad
150. jpUtha;nkhop jpuhtplNtjk; vdg;gLk;
151. ek;kho;thhpd; rPlh; kJufhtpaho;thh; - fz;zpEz; rpWj;jhk;G (14 ghly;fs;) ,th;
ghbad jpUkhy; gw;wpad my;y. ek;kho;thh; gw;wpait
152. mhpaiz Jwe;J itztj; njhz;luhdth; - FyNrfuho;thh;
ngUkhs; jpUnkhop> KFe;jkhiy
jpUNtq;flj;jpy; gbaha;f; fple;J kfpo tpUk;gpath;
nfsj;Jgk; vd;Dk; kzpapd; mk;rkhfg; gpwe;jth;
153. kJuftpaho;thh; - fUlho;thh; mk;rk;
154. nghpaho;thh; - =tpy;ypGj;J}h; - fUlhk;rk;
jpUg;gy;yhz;L - nghpaho;thh; jpUnkhop
gps;isj;jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;Jf;Fj; njhlf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ ,th;E}y;
tp\;Z rpj;jd;>gl;lh; gpuhd;> fpopaWj;jhd; - NtWngah;fs;
155. Mz;lhs; - g+kfs; mk;rk; – Mz;ltidNa Mz;lts; -
#bf;nfhLj;j Rlh;f;nfhb - #bf;nfhLj;j ehr;rpahh;.
jpUg;ghit – 30 ghly;fs; ghitNehd;G gw;wpaJ. khh;fopapy; ghlg;gLtJ
ehr;rpahh; jpUnkhop – 10 ghly;fs;> 14 jpUnkhopfs;
khdplth;f;F vd;W Ngr;Rg;gby; tho;fpy;Nyd; vd;wth;
156. njhz;lubg;nghb Mo;thh; - tdkhiy mk;rk;.
,aw;ngah; tpguehuhazh;
jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp – 10 ghly;fs;> jpUkhiy – 45 ghly;fs;
Mbg;ghb muq;fhNth vd;wiof;Fk; njhz;lubg;nghb vd;fpwhh; FyNrfuh;
‘gr;irkh kiyNghy; Nkdp’
10 PG TRB TAMIL

157. jpUg;ghzho;thh;- = tj;]k; vd;Dk; jpUkUtpd; mk;rk; - ghzh;Fb

mkydhjpgpuhd; vDk; gjpfk; ghbdhh;
muq;fd;Nky; ngz;nzhUj;jp fhjy; nfhz;l ghq;fpy; miktJ ,J.
158. jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - ePyd; - gufhyd;
jpUkhy;> ,yf;Fkpaplk; nfhs;isabj;jth;
nghpa jpUnkhop> jpUf;FWe; jhz;lfk;> jpUneLe; jhz;lfk;> jpUvO$w;wpUf;f
rpwpa jpUkly;> nghpa jpUkly;
,t;thWk; ehd;kiwf;F MW mq;fq;fs;
159. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpa gpuge;jj;ijj; njhFj;jth; ehjKdpfs;
160. gd;dpU jpUKiwfisj; njhFj;jth; ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
161. itztj;jpy; FyNrfuh; Nghy irtj;jpy; Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhh;
162. ,e;jpufhspak; - kiwe;JNghd ehlfj;jkpo; E}y;fspy; xd;W – ahkNse;jpu
163. euk;G> Foy;> fz;lk;> Njhy;> $j;J vd Ie;J cWg;Gfis czh;j;JtJ gQ;r kuG –
Mrphpah; mwptdhh; - ,ir ,yf;fz E}y;
164. jkpo;newp tpsf;fk; - mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzk; - 25 E}w;ghf;fs;

165. Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy – Iadhhpjdhh;
gd;dpU glyj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpaJ – 12 glyk;>19 #j;jpuq;fs;.
fy;Njhd;wp kz; Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj - ,lk; ngWtJ.
ciu – rhKz;b Njt ehafh;
166. jkpopy; mike;j Kjy; fyk;gfk; - ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;
fyk;gfk; - 18 cWg;Gfs;> me;jhjpaha; mikAk;.
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ghl;Lilj; jiytd; - njs;shW vwpe;j %d;whk; ee;jpth;kd;
167. fs;shW nrQ;nrhw; fyk;gfNk nfhz;L fhak;tpl;l
njs;shiw ee;jp – njhz;il kz;ly rjfk;
168. ee;jp fyk;gfj;jhy; khz;l fij ehlwpAk; - NrhNkrh; KJnkhop ntz;gh
169. Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhh; - nghd;tz;zj;je;jhjp> jpUth&h; Kk;kzpf; Nfhit>
jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh
170. me;jhjp – 100 fl;lisf; fypj;Jiwfs;. Nfhit – 30 ghly;fs;. cyh - 394 mbfs;;
fypntz;ghthy; MdJ.
171. gd;dpU ghl;bay; : %d;W ,ay;fs;> 360 ghf;fs;
172. rpw;wpyf;fpak; 96 vd Kjypy; $WtJ rpte;njOe;j gy;ytuhad; cyh.
173. Mzpd; VO gUtq;fs;> ghyd;> kPsp> kwNthd;> jpwNthd;> fhis> tpliy> KJkfd;
174. fpilf;Fk; ciufSs; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpaJ – ,iwadhh; fstpay; ciu.
175. ,iwadhh; fstpaYf;F mike;j fhhpif – fstpaw; fhhpif
176. ,iwadhh; mfg;nghUs; tpsf;fk; - ngah; khw;wp fstpaw; fhhpif vdg; gjpg;gpj;jth;
itahGhpg;gps;is
177. Ie;jpyf;fzj;ij Kjypy; $WtJ – tPuNrhopak;
178. fy;yhlk; - NfhitE}y; - mfk; - fy;yhlh;
179. jpUKiw fz;l Nrhod; - ,uhruhrd;
180. njhy;fhg;gpaf; fliy msf;Fk; glF Nekpehjk;
181. Kjy; guzp – fypq;fj;Jg;guzp> Kjy; gps;isj;jkpo; - FNyhj;Jq;fd; gps;isj;jkpo;>
Kjy; mur cyh - %tUyh.
182. ghl;Lilj; jiytd; ,y;yhjJ mk;gpfhgjpf; Nfhit
183. Nghh;g; gpuge;jq;fSs; jiyahaJ – fypq;fj;Jg;guzp
184. ghtpy; ntz;ghTk;> gps;isj;jkpopy; mk;Gypg; gUtKk; gpuge;jq;fSs; guzpAk; ghLtJ
fbdk;.
11 PG TRB TAMIL

185. ‘ghly; ngUk; guzp Njlw;fUq; ftp ftpr; rf;futh;j;jp’ vdr; nraq;nfhz;lhiug;
ghuhl;Lgth; - xl;lf;$j;jh;.
186. Gwkhfpa guzpapy; mfk; mike;j gFjp – filjpwg;G
187. nraq;nfhz;lhh; Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;fdpd; mitg; Gyth;
188. xl;lf;$j;jh; - nrq;Fe;jh; kuG - <l;b vOgJ.
‘kyhp tUq; $j;jd;’ - ,lk; ngWtJ jz;bayq;fhuk;
jf;fahfg; guzp ghbAs;shh;. ftpr;rf;futh;j;jp> ftpuhl;r]h;
189. cyfpay; fle;j tUzid mikj;Jg; ghbajhy;> ‘nfslg; Gyth;’
Nrho kd;ddpd; fhsk; vd;Dk; tpUJ ngw;wikahy;> ‘fhsf; ftp’ gz;nkhopawpe;J
ghbajhy;> rh;tQ;Q ftp.
thf;Fg; gypjk; cilath; vd;gjhy;> COf;Ff; $j;jd;.
190. tpf;fpukNrhod; kPJ $j;jh; ghbaJ mUk;igj; njhs;shapuk;
GJitf; fhq;Nfad;kPJ ehyhapuf;Nfhit ghbAs;shh;.
vjph;E}y; vd;Dk; ,yf;fzKk; jpy;iyAyh vDk; rpw;wpyf;fpaKk; nra;Js;shh;
191. jf;fahfg; guzp – tPugj;jpug; guzp vdTk;gLk;
192.Nrf;fpohh; - ,aw;ngah; ,uhkNjtd;
193. cynfyhk; vd mrhPhp mb vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jy;. nghpa Guhzk; 2 fhz;lk;> 13 rUf;fk;>
4253 tpUj;jq;fs;. jkpo; Ntjk; vdj; jFtJ
194. gf;jpr;Rit edp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghba ftp tyt – kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp
Re;juk;gps;is.
195. jkpo; nkhopapd; fjpahthh; fk;gUk; jpUts;StUk;; - nry;t Nfrtuha Kjypahh;
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196. fk;gh; - NjuOe;J}h;
Mjhpj;jth; - jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}h; rilag;g ts;sy; - 10 ,lq;fspy; ghuhl;lg;gl;Ls;shh;.
fk;gh; ehl;lurd;Nfhl;ilapy; rkhjpaile;jhh;.
197. mt;it – Mj;jp #b; nfhd;iw Nte;jd;> %Jiu> ey;top
tug;Gau ePUaUk; Nrho tsehL NrhWilj;J
fw;wJ ifk;kz; msT rpj;jpuKk; ifg;gof;fk;
198. gtze;jp Kdpth; – rdfhGuk;; Mrphpah; - rd;kjp Kdpth;
‘gy;fiyf; Fhprpy; gtze;jp vd;Dk; Gyth; ngUkhd; - rq;fu ekr;rpthah;
ve;E}yhUk; ed;D}yhUf; fpizNah’ – Rthkpehj Njrpfh;
‘jd;ikahy; ngah; ngw;w E}y; ed;D}y;’ – rptQhd Kdpth;
‘rpw;wjpfhuk;’ – vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk;.
Kjy; ciuahsh; - kapiyehjh; (14 E}w;) rptQhd Kdpth; ciuNa rpwe;jJ (18 E}w;)
199. GfNoe;jp - nghd;tpise;j fsj;J}H;
re;jpud; Rth;f;fp Mjhpj;jhh;. 5 ,lq;fspy; ghuhl;bAs;shh;
‘ntz;gh Gyth;f;Fg; Gyp’ – ntz;ghtpw; GfNoe;jp
ghz;lth;f;F tpahrh; $Wk; eNshghf;fpahdNk esntz;gh
200. ngUk;gw;wg;Gypa+h; ek;gp – jpy;iyek;gp vdTk; $Wth;. ,tuJ jpUtpisahly;
Ntk;gj;J}uhh; jpUtpisahly; vdTk; toq;Fk;
201. ngha;ahnkhopg; Gyth; - jQ;irthzd; Nfhit (re;jputhzd;)
ehd; Nfhopiag; ghLNtNd ay;yhy; FQ;rpidg; ghNld; vd;wth;
jQ;irthzd;Nfhit mfg;nghUs; tpsf;fj;Jf;F tpsf;f ,yf;fpakhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
202. nka;fz;lhh; -rptQhd Nghjk; - 40 thpfs; - 12 E}w;ghf;fs;
gR> gjp> ghrk; ,ak;Gk; ,yf;fz ,ay; ,J.
rptQhd Kdpthpd; khghba ciu rpwe;jJ
203. kzpg;gpuths eil rkz ngsj;juhy; Njhd;wpaJ
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204. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; ngsj;jk; gw;wpa Fwpg;NgJk; ,y;iy

205. ngsj;jh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa nkhop – ghyp
206. ehye;jh gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; njhz;lhw;wpNahh; jUkghyh;> jpz;zhfh;
207. Fz;lyNfrp> mfyftp vd;Wk; toq;Fk;. RUz;l $e;jiy cilats;
rkz rkaj;ijf; fz;bf;f vOe;j E}y; - Mrphpah; ehj Fj;jdhh;
Fz;lyNfrpapd; fij Njhp fij> jk;k gjk;: mq;Fj;ju epfhah Mfpatw;wpy; mwpaf;
fplf;fpwJ
208. ,ts; rka thjj;jpy; rhhp Gj;jhplk; Njhw;W ngsj;jk; rhh;ej ; hs;.
Fz;lyNfrpia ke;jpupFkhhp jpiug;glkhf;fpdhh; fiyQh;.
209. tPuNrhopak; - Gj;jkpj;jpudhh;. vjph; E}y; vdTk; gLk; Ie;jpyf;fzk;.
210. rPtfrpe;jhkzp – Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fspy; Kjypy; itj;J vz;zg;gLtJ ‘kzE}y;’
vd;Dk; ngaUKz;L - jpUj;jf;f Njth;
211. fhg;gpaj; jiytd; rPtfd; MrphpauhNyNa ‘fhkjpyfd;’ vdg;gl;lhd;.
ehkfs; ,yk;gfk; Kjy; Kf;jp ,yk;gfk; Kba 13 ,yk;gfq;fisAk; 3145
nra;Al;fisAk; nfhz;lJ.
212. tpUj;jg;ghtpy; mike;j Kjy; fhg;gpak;
mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; ,jid KbnghUs; njhlh;epiyr; nra;As; vd;fpwhh;.
jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,ypal; - xb]p vdg; Gfo;fpwhh; [p.A.Nghg;.
213. tisahgjp – KOtJk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. 72 ghly;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
itrpa Guhzk; 35 tJ rUf;fj;jpy; tisahgjp fij tUfpwJ.
217. cjaz Fkhu fhtpak; - tj;r ehl;lurd; cjazd; fij $WtJ
6 fhz;lq;fs;> 369 tpUj;jq;fs;
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fe;jpahh; (rkzg; ngz; Jwtp) nra;jJ
fhtpa ,ay;Ngh eil eyNkh ,k;kp msTk; ,y;yhjJ
218. ehf Fkhu fhtpak;: 5 rUf;fk;> 170 tpUj;jk;
ehf gQ;rkpapd; fij $WtJ. 519 ngz;fis kzf;fpwhd; jiytd;
fhtpa mikjpNah> ftpeaNkh rpwpJk; ,y;yhj nrhj;ij E}y;
219. aNrhjh fhtpak;: 5 rUf;fk;> 320 ghf;fs;
caph;f;nfhiy jPJ vd czh;j;j te;j fhg;gpak;
,ir fhkj;ijj; J}z;Lk; vd;fpwJ.
220. #shkzp- Njhyhnkhopj; Njth; (,aw;ngah; - th;j;jkhd Njth;)
#lhkzp vd;w ngaUKz;L
12 rUf;fq;fs; - 2131 tpUj;jq;fs; - MUfj khGuhzj;ijj; jOtpaJ.
rpe;jhkzpia tpl ,dpikahd fhg;gpak;
tpUj;jj;ijf; ifahs;tjpy; rpy ,lq;fspy; NjtiuAk; kpQ;rptpLfpwhh;
rputzngyNfhyh fy;ntl;by; ,e;E}y; gw;wpa Fwpg;G cs;sJ
ngUq;fhg;gpag; gz;G kpf;f gDty; ,J
jptpl;ld; Rak;gpuigia kze;j fijiaAk;> mtd; jk;gp tprad; tuyhWk;
221. ePyNfrp Mrphpah; - njhpatpy;iy. ePyNfrpj; njUl;L vd;Wk; toq;Fk;. 10 rUf;fKk; 894
nra;Al;fSk; cilaJ.
thkd Kdpthpd; ~rka jpthfu tpUj;jp’ vDk; ciu cs;sJ.
222. ngUq;fij : gpUfj; fjh. Fzhl;bahh; igrhr nkhopapy; nra;jJ.
cjazd; fij> nfhq;FNts; khf;fij vdTk; gLk;.
Mrphpah; nfhq;FNtsph;. tprakq;fyj; Jwtp
5 fhz;lq;fs;>16000 thpfs; nfhz;lJ
223. NkUke;jpu Guhzk; - thkd Kdpth; ,jd; Kjy;E}y; =Guhzk; 13 rUf;fk;. 1405
ghly;fs;
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224. ahg;gUq;fyk; - ahg;gUq;fy tpUj;jp vdTk; gLk;.

mkph;jrhfuh;. re;jk;> jhz;lfk; ,tw;wpw;F ,yf;fzk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
225. Nekpehjk; - FztPu gz;bjh; ‘rpd;D}y;’ vdg;gLtJ
226. tr;rze;jpkhiy (ntz;ghg; ghl;bay;) %d;W ,ay;fs;
96 tifg; gpuge;jq;fs; gw;wpAk;>nra;ASf;fhd kq;fs vOj;Jf;fs; gw;wpAk; NgRfpwJ.
FztPu gz;bjh;.
227. jpthfu epfz;L – jpthfuh; - Kjy; epfz;L ‘Mjp epfz;L’ – ‘Mjp jpthfuk;’ vdTk;
gLk;. ‘Nre;jd; jpthfuk;’ vdTk; gLk;. 21180 #j;jpuk; Mjhpj;jtd; Nre;jd;.
19 ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. 9500 nrhw;fs;
gpq;fye;ij – gpq;fy epfz;L> gpq;fyk; vdg;gLk;. gpq;fy Kdpth; nra;jJ. 4181
E}w;ghf;fs;. 15791 nrhw;fs;.
,dpikAk; ePh;ikAk; jkpo; vdyhFk; vd;wth; ,tNu.
228. chpr;nrhy; epfz;L – fhq;Nfah;> 287 ntz;ghf;fs; 3200 nrhw;fs;. ryhk; vd;w
nrhy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
229. #lhkzp – kz;ly GUlh;. 1197 tpUj;jk;. 11000 nrhw;fs;. ,tNu Kjd; Kjypy;
epfz;L vd;Dk; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jp ‘epfz;L #lhkzp’ vd;fpwhh;
230. fe;jGuhzk; ‘rptrq;fu rq;fpijapd; jOty; - 6 fhz;lq;fs; 10346 tpUj;jq;fs;.
fk;guhkhazj;ij xj;Js;sJ. Mrphpah; - fr;rpag;g rpthr;rhhpahh; - ‘Guhz
ed;dhafk;’(gl;lk;)
231. nghpaGuhzj;jpd; <L ,izaw;w jiyth; Re;juh;
232. jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk; - guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth; - `hyh];a kfhj;kpak;.
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233. jpUTe;jpahh; - jpUtpaY}h; ca;ate;j Njt ehadhh;
234. ce;jPgw – ngz;fs; tpisahl;Lf;fspy; xd;W
235. jpUthtLJiw MjPdk; - epWtpath; - ekr;rptha %h;j;jpfs; (14
E}w;) ,Ugh ,UgJf;Fk; tpdh ntz;ghTf;Fk; ciu vOjpAs;shh;. ,tuJ khzth;
jl;rpzh%h;j;jp Njrpfh; jrfhhpak;> cgNjr g/nwhil ,aw;wpdhh;.
kw;nwhU khzth; mk;gythz Njrpfh;> jrfhhpak; Kjyhd 10 E}y;fs; nra;jhh;. ,tw;NwhL
<rhd Njrpfhpd; jrfhhpak;> Ntyg;g Njrpfhpd; gQ;rhf;fug; g/nwhilAk; Nrh;e;J
‘gz;lhu rhj;jpuq;fs; gjpdhd;F’ vdg;gLk;.
236. ,yf;fzf; nfhj;J - <rhd Njrpfh; (Rthkpehj Njrpfh;)
‘Ie;njOj;jhy; xU ghilnad;W miwa ehZth; mwpTilNahNu’ vd;wth;
237. jpUf;Fwl;ghf;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lr; nra;jp $WtJ – NrhNkrh;
KJnkhop ntz;gh – rptQhd Kdpth;
mKjhk;gpif gps;isj;jkpo;> fiyir me;jhjp> njhy;fhg;gpar; #j;jpu tpUj;jp> fhQ;rp
Guhzk;> jpuhtpl khghbak; gilj;jth;.
238. nkhl;il klk; vd miof;fg;gLtJ jpUthtLJiw MjPdk;
239. jUkGu MjPdk; : epWtpath; FUQhd rk;ge;j Njrpfh;
,th; rptNghj rhuk;> nrhf;fehj ntz;gh> gukhde;j tpsf;fk;>
Kj;jp epr;rak; gilj;jhh;.
Qhd rk;ge;jk; vd;Dk; khj ,jio ,k;klk; ntspapLfpwJ.
,J jhb klk; vdg;gLk;.
240. jpUg;gde;jhs; fhrp klk;> jpy;iy ehaf Rthkpfshy; epWtg;gl;lJ.
jUikahjPdj;jpd; rhh;G klk;. FkuFUgud; - ,jo;
241. mofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; - Mwhapug;gb ciu – FUguk;giug; gpughtk;
242. ehjKdpfs; - Nahfufrpak; - epaha jj;Jtk; vOjpait
243. itzth;fshy; ‘cilath;’ ‘vk;ngUkhdhh;’ vdg;gLgth; ,uhkhE[h;
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244. jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - ,uhkhD[ E}w;we;jhjp

245. gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; -- m\;lg; gpuge;jk;
246. fk;gd; fhtpak; jkpouJ ftpj;Jtj;jpd; Ngnuy;iy vd;wth; - itahGhpg;gps;is.
247. fk;guhkhazk; ngz; eilAilaJ- fh.R.gps;is
248. fk;gh; fhy murh; - %d;whk; FNyhj;Jq;fd;
249. fhtpak; vd;Dk; ngaUf;F Kd; ,Ue;jJ – njhlh;epiyr; nra;As;
250. Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;w njhliu Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpath; kapiyehjh;
251. ieljk; Gyth;f;F xsljk; - mjptPuuhk ghz;bah;
252. Ntl;ileha; gha;tJ Nghy cs;sJ
253. ehaf;fh; fhyk; - 1250 – 1750
,];yhkpah; EioT – 1310
kJiuapy; Kfk;kjpa Mjpf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ – 1324 ,y; - 1370 tiu
`hp`uh; Gf;fuhy; tp[aefug; NguuR 1336 ,y;
Fkhufk;gzd; 1358 ,y; kJiuia kPl;L ,e;J muir Vw;gLj;jpdhd;.
kuhl;bah; 1676 – 1856 tiu Mz;ldh;.
254. kUT Kj;jkpio Kd;dhy; tsh;j;j ghz;baNu Nghyf; fUjpanty;yhk;
je;J tsh;j;jth; vd kz;lyGUluhy; ghuhl;lg;gLgth; fpU\;zNjtuhah;.
255. tpy;ypGj;J}uhiu Mjhpj;jth; tf;fghif tugjpahl;nfhz;lhd;.
tpy;ypapd; kfd; tue;jUthh; – ghapuk; ghbAs;shh;. nghUg;gpNy gpwe;jhh;.
jkpopy; gpwe;j ghujq;fspNyNa rpwe;jJ tpy;ypghujk;.
256. fr;rpag;g rpthr;rhhpahh; - fe;jGuhzk;
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gjpflr; rf;fur; nrk;Kfk; Ie;Jshd;’ vd KUfd; mb vOj;Jf; nfhLj;j 6 fhz;lq;fs;
10345 ghly;fs;
%yk; - rptrq;fu rq;fpij.
itztUf;Fg; ghftjk; Nghd;W irtUf;Ff; fe;jGuhzk;.
257. ,ul;ilg; Gyth;fs; - ,sQ;#hpah;> KJ#hpah;> ghbad – jpy;iyf; fyk;gfk;>
jpUthkhe;J}h;f; fyk;gfk;> Vfhk;guehj;Uyp fr;rpf; fyk;gfk;
258. mUzfphpehjh;> jpUtz;zhkiy – KUfd; ‘Rk;kh ,U’ vd vOJjy;.
‘Kj;ijj; jU’- KUfd; mb vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; - jpUg;Gfo;
mUzfphpahUld; thjpl;Lj; Njhw;wth; tpy;yp
,th; ghba jpUg;Gfo; 16>000 - fpilj;jit 1307.
‘thf;fpw;fUzfphp’ vdg; ghuhl;bAs;shh; jhAkhdth;.
‘Iah> mUzfphp mg;gh cidg;Nghy nka;ahf xU nrhy; tpsk;gpd ahh;?’ vdTk;
Nghw;Wfpd;whh;
vOj;ijnay;yhk; vz;zpf;ifapy; itj;Jg; ghbAs;shh;.
‘re;jg; ngUq;fly;’. ’yaf; fsQ;rpak;’ - jpUg;Gfo;
mUzfphpahh;> ~re;j Nte;jh;’ vdg;gLfpwhh;.
Nty; tpUj;jk;> kapy; tpUj;jk;> jpUntO$w;wpUf;if ,th; ghbad
~nfhz;lnydr; re;jj; jkpo; khhp nga; nfhw;wtd;> mUzfphpf; Nfhkhd; vd;fpwhh;
itj;jpaehj Njrpfh;
259. fhsNkfg; Gyth; - ,aw;ngah; tujd;> MRftp. tirftp> rpNyil ghLtjpYk;
eifr;Rit mikag; ghLtjpYk; ty;yth;.
,k;nkd;Dk; Kd;Nd vOE}Wk; vz;Z}Wk; mk;nkd;why; MapuKk; ghbath;.
jpUthidf;fh cyh> jpUthidf;fh ruRtjpkhiy> rpj;jpukly;> rKj;jpu tpyhrk; 187
jdpg;ghly;fs; - akfz;lk; ghbath;
260. jkpopy; Ntjhe;j khh;f;fj;NjhL tpj;jl;l %yth; -jj;Jtuhah;.
15 PG TRB TAMIL

261. gfopf;$j;jh; - jpUr;nre;J}h; KUfd; gps;isj;jkpo;

262. flTs; khKdpth; jpUthjT+h;g; Guhzk;
263. jkpo;r; rpj;jh; kuG jpU%yhpypUe;J njhlq;FfpwJ
264. mOifr; Ritia mjpfk; ghbajhy; mOFzpr; rpj;jh;. FOcf; Fwpfs; ,th;
ghly;fspy; kpFjp
265. NfhdhNu> jhz;ltf;NfhNd vdg; ghLgth; ,ilf;fhl;Lr; rpj;jh;
266. ghk;ghl;br; rpj;jh; - ehjh; KbNkypUf;Fk; ey;y ghk;Ng.
267. rptthf;fpah; - el;l fy;iyr; Rw;wp.
268. kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; Kf;fpak; ngw;wth; Njiuah;.
269. tuJq;fuhk ghz;bad; - jpUf;fUitg; gjpw;Wg;gj;je;jhjp
Fl;bj; jpUthrfk; (fhptyk; te;j ey;Y}h;)
nfhf;Nfhfk; - ,th; ahj;jJ
270. mjptPuuhk ghz;bad; - ntw;wpNtw;if> ieljk;> fhrpf;fhz;lk;> $h;kGuhzk;>
kfhGuhzk;
271. epuk;g mofpa Njrpfh; - NrJ Guhzk;> NtDtd Guhzk;
272. ghftj Guhzk; ghbath; nrt;itr; #Lthh;
273. jpUf;FUifg; ngUkhs; ftpuhah; - khwdfg;nghUs;> khwd; ghg;ghtpdk;.
274. jhz;ltuhah;- ifty;a etePjk; (jj;JtE}y;)
275. jhAkhdth; - nksd FUtplk; fy;tp gapd;whh;.
jhAkhdth; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L – ’jkpo;nkhopapd; cgepljk;’
~vy;NyhUk; ,d;Gw;wpUf;f’> ’neQ;rfNk Nfhapy;’> ’rpdk; mlq;ff; fw;whkYk;’
~md;gh;gzp nra;a vd;id’
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276. rptQhd Kdpth; - ,yf;fz tpsf;fr; #whtsp> rptQhd Nghjr; rpw;Wiu>
rptQhd rpj;jpahh; Rgf;fk; - nghopg;Giu> NrhNkrh; KJnkhop ntz;gh> mKjhk;gpif
gps;isj;jkpo;> nrq;fOePh; tpehafh; gps;isj; jkpo;
277. gl;lh; ,Uth; vd miof;fg;gLNthh; rptQhdKdpth; - fr;rpag;g Kdpth;
278. fr;rpag;gKdpth; - rptQhd Kdpthpd; khzhf;fh;.
jzpifg; Guhzk; - jpUthidf;fhg; Guhzk;> g+thSh;g; Guhzk;> tpehaf Guhzk;>
ftpuhl;r]h; - .
279. rPh;fhop mUzhryf; ftpuhah; - ,uhkehlfk;> mNrhKfp ehlfk;> mDkhh; gps;isj;
jkpo;> rPh;fhopj; jy Guhzk;> Nfhit> gs;S
280. jphp$l uhrg;gf; ftpuhah; – kJiu nrhf;fehj ehaf;fh; tpUk;gpathW Fw;whyf;
FwtQ;rp ghbdhh;
jpUf;Fw;why ehjh; Nky; 12 E}y;fs; ghbAs;shh;
281. nfhl;ila+h; rptf;nfhOe;J Njrpfh; - ruNge;jpu g+ghyf; FwtQ;rp – NfhBr;Ruf; Nfhit
282. gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjh; - mofh; fps;is tpL J}J> kJiu Kk;kzpf;Nfhit
283. ey;yhg;gps;is – ghujk;
284. ftpuh[ gz;bjh; - ehffphp Guhzk; - Fl;bf; fe;jGuhzk;
285. ,iwadhh; fstpaYf;F ciu nra;jth; ef;fPuh;
Kr;rq;fk; gw;wpa KO tpguk; jUk; ciu 10Mk; E}w;whz;L
286. ,sk;g+udhh; - ciuahrphpah;fspy; jiyikahdth;. njhy;fhg;gpak; KOikf;Fk;
KjYiu tFj;jth; – 11k; E}w;whz;L. ciuahrphpah; vd;Nw miof;fg;gLgth;.
vOj;Jf;F ,sk;g+uzk;.
287. njhy; - nghUs; - KOik – gpd;dhd;F ,ay;fSf;Nf fpilj;Js;sJ. FWe;njhif>
jpUf;NfhitahUf;Fk; ciu nra;Js;shh; 13Mk; E}w;whz;L
288. Nrdhtiuah; - tlE}w; fliy epiy fz;Lzh;ej ; th; nrhy;Yf;Fr; Nrdhtiuak; 13k;
E}w;whz;L.
16 PG TRB TAMIL

289. er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; - cr;rpNky; Gyth;nfhs; er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; njhy;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> fyp>

rpe;jhkzp> ciu nra;jit
290. rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrphpah; mbahh;f;F ey;yhh;.
291. E}ypw; ghpj;j ciunay;yhk; ghpNkyofd; njhpj;j ciuahNkh? – njhz;il kz;ly
rjfk;
292. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpa gpuge;j ciufs; - tpahf;fpahdq;fs; vdg;gLk;
293. jpUtha;nkhopf;F Kjd;Kjypy; ciu nra;jth; - Mste;jhh;
294. jpUf;FUifg; ngUkhs; gps;shd; jpUtha;nkhopf;F 6000 gb ciu
295. gb - fpue;jk;. xU fpue;jk; xw;nwOj;Jf;fs; ePf;fp 32 vOj;Jf;fs;
296. eQ;ra P h; - 9000 gb
297. mofpa kzths [Pah; - 12000 gb
298. nghpathr;rhd; gps;is – 24000 gb
299. tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; gps;is – 36000 gb
300. kzths Kdpfs; - nghpa [Pah; vdg;gLthh;
301. FkuFUguh; - jpUr;nre;J}h; KUfd; mUshy; NgRk; jpwd; ngw;wth;.
fe;jh; fypntz;gh> fapiyf; fyk;gfk;> kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj; jkpo;> kPdhl;rpak;ik Fwk;>
kPdhl;rpak;ik ,ul;il kzpkhiy> ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;. gpuge;j Nte;jh;-
gz;lhu Kk;kzpf;Nfhit - irt rpj;jhe;jr; rpWfhg;gpak; vd;gh;.
302. rptg;gpufhrh;> fw;gidf; fsQ;rpak;> fw;gid Cw;W> jpUntq;iff; Nfhit> cyh>
fyk;gfk;> myq;fhuk;> ehy;th; ehz;kzpkhiy> gpuGypq;f yPiy-(tPu irtj;jpd; ngUik
NgRtJ) nkhj;jk; 34 E}y;fs;. ed;ndwp – ePjpE}y;
jpUr;nre;jpy; ePNuhl;l akf me;jhjp> jpUntq;iff; Nfhit jpUf;Nfhitahh; - uhrhf;Nfhit;
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jpUntq;if – ke;jphpf;Nfhit> rPfhsj;jp Guhzk;> Nrhz iry khiy> VRkj
epuhfuzk;
303. me;jff;ftp tPuuhft Kjypahh; - jpUf;fOf;Fd;w Guhzk;> cyh> khiy> jpUth&h;
cyh> Nra+h;f; fyk;gfk;.
304. gbf;fhRg; Gyth; - re;jf;ftp
rpte;njOe;j gy;ytuhad; cyh> gps;isj; jkpo; Gs;spUf;FNtSh;f; fyk;gfk;.
305. gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; - mofpa kzths jhrh;. jpUtuq;ff; fyk;gfk;>
jpUNtq;flj;je;jhjp> m\;lg; gpuge;jk; ’jpt;tpa ftp’
306. itj;jpaehj Njrpfh; - ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; - Fl;bj; njhy;fhg;gpak;.
307. jrfhhpak; - <rhd Njrpfh;
308. ehzpf; fz; Gijj;jy; vd;w xU Jiw gw;wp 400 ghly;fs; ghb xU Jiw Nfhit
E}yhf;fpdhh; mkph;j ftpuhah;
309. Gytuhw;Wg;gil - jpUNkdp uj;jpdf; ftpuhah;
310. Ftyahde;jk; - Rg;iga jPlr ; pjh;
311. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; - tpUe;J vd;Dk; tdg;Gs; mlq;Fk;
312. me;jhjp - ,iaG vd;Dk; tdg;G
313. me;jk; Kjyhj; njhLg;gJ me;jhjp
314. ntz;ghtpNyDk; fl;lisf; fypj;JiwahNyDk; ghlg;ngWk;.
315. me;jhjp fyk;gfj;jpd; xh; cWg;gha; tUjy; cz;L
316. ,jidr; nrhw;nwhlh; epiy vd;Wk; $Wth;
317. gjpw;Wg; gj;J (ehd;fhk;) me;jhjpj; njhilapy; mike;jJ.
me;jhjpg; Gytd; - xl;lf;$j;jd;
jpUte;jhjp – jpUkopiraho;thh;
rlNfhgue;jhjp – fk;gh;
fapiyghjp fhsj;jpghjp me;jhjp – ef;fPuh;
17 PG TRB TAMIL

kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;juk; gps;is> vl;L me;jhjpfs; ghbAs;shh;

318. cyh – fypntz;ghthy; ghlg;gLk;; ,J ghlhz; jpizf;FhpaJ.
cyhg;Gwk;> gtdp cyh> Gw cyh vd;Wk; $Wth;
’CnuhL Njhw;wKk; chpj;njd nkhopg’ – njhy; E}w;gh
NgRk; cyhtpy; ngJk;ig Gyp
cyhtpidg; ngz;ghw; iff;fpis vd;gh;.
Mjp cyh – 9k; E}w;. cyhtpw;F xl;lf;$j;jh; - %tUyh.
tpf;fpukd; > FNyhj;Jq;fd;> ,uhruhrd;> MSila gps;isahh; jpUTyh khiy –
ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
Vfhk;gu ehjUyh - ,ul;ilg; Gyth;fs;
jpUth&h; cyh – me;jff;ftp
319. fyk;gfk; - 18 nra;As; cWg;Gfs;
Mrphpag;gh> fypg;gh> tQ;rpg;gh> klf;F> kUl;gh fye;J ghLtJ
me;jhjpj; njhil mikag; ghLtJ fyk;gfk;.
Njth; - 100> Kdpth; 95> murh; 90> mikr;rh; 70> tzpfh; 50> Ntshsh; 30. fhyj;jhy;>
rpwg;ghy; Kjd;ikahdJ - ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; %d;whk; ee;jpth;kd; gw;wpaJ
320. Nfhit – fl;lisf; fypj;Jiwapy; 400 ghly;fspy; miktJ
jpUf;Nfhitahh; - ,iwtd; (jiytd;)
jQ;irthzd; Nfhit - ts;sy;
ghl;Lilj; jiytd; ,y;yhjJ mk;gpfhgjpf; Nfhit
ghz;bf;Nfhit – 8Mk; E}w;whz;L
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Nfhit ghl xl;lf;$j;jh; - FNyhj;Jq;fd; Nfhit> ehyhapuf; Nfhit
321. FwtQ;rp - jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp- jphp$l uhrg;gf; ftpuhah;
khDliug; ghLtJ – tpuhypkiyf; FwtQ;rp
muridg; ghLtJ – ruNge;jpu g+ghyf; FwtQ;rp (ruNgh[p Nky;)
jkpod;idia - jkpourp FwtQ;rp - tuj eQ;irag;g gps;is
ngj;jyNfk; FwtQ;rp – Ntjehaf rh];jphp
322. rjfk; - 100 ghly;fs; - jpUthrfk; - jpUr;rjfk;
Nrhokz;ly rjfk; - Mj;kehj Njrpfh;
ghz;b kz;ly rjfk; - Iak; ngUkhs;
nfhq;F kz;ly rjfk; - fhh;Nkff; ftpQh;
njhz;il kz;ly rjfk; - gbf;fhRg; Gyth;
mwg;gsPRtu rjfk; - mk;gythz ftpuhah;
fhh; kz;ly rjfk; - Miwfpohh;
323. J}J – fhkk; kpf;f fopglh; fpstp vd;W Jiwapy; tUk;.
fypntz;gh - gapy; jUk; fypntz;ghtpdhNy - ,yf;fz tpsf;fk;
J}J nry;yw;Fhpait gj;J vdf; $Wk; E}y; uj;jpdr; RUf;fk;
,g;gj;Jk; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;isapd; jrtpL J}jpy; mike;Js;sd.
,uh[h[pf;F ,e;jpj; jpzpg;ig vjph;j;J nts;is thuzdhh; tpLj;j J}J
‘fhf;if tpL J}J’
‘,Ue;jkpNo cd;dhy; ,Ue;Njd;’ - jkpo;tpL J}J
J}J – tlnkhopapy; re;Njrk; - fhspjhrhpd; Nkf re;Njrk; rpwe;jJ.
NrhkRe;ju ghujpapd; ‘khhp thapy;’ rpwg;G kpf;fJ
324. guzp
Mid Mapuk; mkhpil ntd;w khdtDf;F tFg;gJ guzp
guzpf;F mbg;gil - ths; kq;fyk;> fsNts;tp
18 PG TRB TAMIL

13 cWg;Gfs; ,uz;lbf; fypj;jhopir

guzpf;Nfhh; nraq;nfhz;lhh; - fypq;fj;Jg; guzp
filjpwg;G - fhjy; Rit; fsk; ghbaJ - tPur;Rit
Nga;Kiwg;ghL> ,e;jpu [hyk; - eifr;Rit
FNyhj;Jq;fd; gilj;jiytd; fUzhfuj; njhz;ilkhd; Vs mde;jgJk
jf;fahfg; guzp - xl;lf;$j;jh; - jf;fd; ahfj;ij tPugj;juNjth; mopj;jJ
mQ;Qtpijg; guzp - jj;Jtuhah;
Nkhftijg; guzp - itj;jpaehj Njrpfh; - ghrtijg; guzp
325. (Gyd;) - gs;S- coj;jpg; ghl;L
Nrhp tof;Ffs; mikag; ghlg; ngWtJ
‘kUjepy ee;jh tpsf;fk;’ vdg;gLtJ - ehlf tif ,yf;fpak;
,ir ehlf Kj;jkpo;g; gDty; vdyhk;
rpe;Jk; tpUj;jKk; tputptug; ghlg;ngWtJ
Kf;$lw;gs;S - 17k; E}w;whz;L.
326. Vh;kq;fyk;> Kfitg;ghl;L- rpyg;gjpfhuk;
327. gps;isj; jkpo; - gps;isf; ftp> gps;isg;ghl;L vdTk; gLk;.
328. gpwth ahf;ifadhjypd; rptd;kPJ gps;isj;jkpo; ghLtjpy;iy
329. Mrphpaiug; gw;wpaJ – mk;gythzh; gps;isj;jkpo;
330. ts;sy; gw;wpaJ – rpte;njOe;j gy;ytuhad; gps;isj;jkpo;
331. Gyth; gw;wpaJ – Nrf;fpohh; gps;isj;jkpo;
332. jiyth; gw;wpaJ - ,uh[h[p gps;isj;jkpo;
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333. Fotp kUq;fpDk; fpot jhFk; - njhy; Gwj;
334. nghpaho;thhpd; nghpa jpUnkhop – Njhw;Wtha;
335. ghly; jiytdpd; 3Mk; khjk; Kjy; 21Mk; khjk; tiu
336. murd; Kbftpj;jgpd; ,r;rpw;wpyf;fpak; ghlg;glhJ
337. Kjy; - FNyhj;Jq;fNrhod; gps;isj;jkpo;
338. rpwg;G - kPdhl;rpak;ik> Kj;Jf;FkhuRthkp – FkuFUguh;
339. kly;:- iff;fpisf;F chpaJ klw;$w;W. Mz; ngz; ,Ughyh;f;Fk; cz;L. klNyWjy;
ngUe;jpizf;F chpaJ. MZf;Nf chpaJ. Kjypy; jpUkq;ifaho;thh;> rpwpa> nghpa
jpUkly;; rpj;jpu kly; - fhsNkfg; Gyth;
rpwg;G – tUzFyhjpj;jd; kly; - fhspKj;jk;ik
340. khiy: 1: mq;fkhiy – ghjhjp NfrkhfNth Nfrhjp ghjkhfNth ghLtJ 2) ,ul;il
kzpkhiy - ntz;gh> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw khwp khwp 20 nra;Al;fspy; me;jhjpahf
mikg;gJ.
fhiuf;fhyk;ikapd; - jpUtpul;il kzp khiy – Kjy;
fgpyNjt ehadhh; - %j;j ehadhh; jpUtpul;il kzp khiy.
FkuFUguh; - kPdhl;rpak;ik ,ul;il kzp khiy
3) ,iz kzp khiy – 100 nra;As;fs;
4) fhg;G khiy – 3 my;yJ 7 nra;As;fs;
5) ehd; kzpkhiy – 40 nra;As;fs;
341. nka;f;fPh;j;jp xUtifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaNk.
murh; Gfio mftypy; ghLtJ – gpw;fhyr; Nrhoh; fhyk;
342. rPwhg; Guhzk; - 3 fhz;lq;fs;> 92 glyq;fs;> 5027 tpUj;jq;fs; tpyhjj;J – gpwg;G:
EGt;tj;J – jPhf ; ;f jhprdk;> `p[;uj; - ,lk; ngah;jy;.
ckWg;Gyth; – rPjf;fhjp ts;sy;
rPjf;fhjpapd; nghUshsh; mGy; fhrpk; kiuf;fhah; cjtpdhh;. 100
19 PG TRB TAMIL

ghly;fSf;F xU Kiw 22 ghly;fspy; ed;wp ghuhl;bAs;shh;.

rpd;dr;rPwh – gdp mfkJ kiuf;fhah;. 2145 ghly;fs;
343. egp mtjhu mk;khid – ckWg;Gythpd; kfd; fy;tpf; fsQ;rpag; Gyth;.
jpU kjPdj;je;jhjp – gpr;ir ,g;uh`pk; Gyth; ,aw;wpaJ
ehifae;jhjp – nra;F mg;Jk; fhjpW eapdhh;
kJiur; rq;fj;Jg; Gytuhw;Wg;gil – Fyhk; fhjpW ehtyh;
KifjPd; Mz;lth; gps;isj;jkpo; - nra;aJ KifjPd; ftpuhah;
344. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG – Ry;jhd; mg;Jy; fhjpW nyg;ig Mypk; ,];yhkpaj;
jhAkhdth;
345. ckWg;Gyth; - ckW fj;jha;
fbif Kj;Jg; Gythpd; rPlh; - FUit thJf;fioj;j thiy thhpjpia 16 tajpy;
ntd;wth;.
346. k];jhd; ghly;fisj; njhFj;jth; rPakq;fyk; mUzhry Kjypahh;
347. egpfs; ehafk; gw;wp jpUg;Gfo; ghbath; - Nrfdh nyg;ig
348. tz;zf; fsQ;rpag; Gyth; - `kPJ ,Guh`Pk;
nkhifjPd; Guhzk; ghbdhh;
349. ,yf;fzf; Nfhlhp – gpr;ir ,g;uhfPk; Gyth;
350. KifjPd; Mz;lth; gps;isj;jkpo; - rt;thJg; Gyth;
351. tPukhKdpth; (1680-1746) ,j;jhyp – fhd;];lhd;ba]; N[hrg; ng];fp Rg;ujPgf;
ftpuhahplk; jkpo; gapd;whh;.
Ntjpah; xOf;fk;> Ntj tpsf;fk;> Ngjfk; kWj;jy;> Y}j;jh; ,dj;jpay;G
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gukhh;j;j FU fij – rpWfij tsh;rr ; papy; Kjyplk; ngWk; jFjpAilaJ
jkpopy; mikAk; Vsd ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Kjy; E}y; - gukhh;j;j FU fij.
‘ciueil ,yf;fpa Kd;Ndhb’ - nre;jkpo;j; Njrpfh;
njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk; - Fl;bj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
Ngr;Rj; jkpo; ,yf;fzk; - nfhLe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;
ngah;> nghUs;> njhif> njhil miktJ – rJufuhjp – jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; mfuhjp
– jkpo; mfuhjpapd; je;ij
jkpo;; - yj;jPd; mfuhjp – 9000 nrhw;fs;
Njk;ghtzp – tsh;g;Gj; je;ijahd (N[hrg;) J}a tsth; tuyhW $WtJ
3 fhz;lq;fs;. 36 glyq;fs;> 3615 tpUj;jq;fs;
Njk;ghtzp Xh; Vhp. ,jpy; fpof;fpypUe;Jk; Nkw;fpypUe;Jk; MWfs; te;J fyf;fpd;wd -
jdpehaf mbfs;
tPukh Kdpth; vd;gJ kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jhh; nfhLj;j gl;lk;
jpUf;fhtY}h;f; fyk;gfk;> milf;fy ehafp ntz;gh> fUzhk;ghg; gjpfk;> md;id
mOq;fy; me;jhjp> jkpo; nra;As; njhif> fpj;Njhp mk;khs; mk;khid
re;jh rhfpg;gplk; jpthdhf ,Ue;jNghJ mtuhy; ‘,];kjp re;epahrp’ vd kjpf;fg;gl;lhh;.
352. [p.A.Nghg; (1820 – 1907) ,q;fpyhe;J
,uhkhD[ ftpuhahplk; jkpo; gapd;whh;.
jpUf;Fws;> ehybahh; - Mq;fpy nkhopngah;g;G
GwehD}W> Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy – gy nra;Al;fs; nkhopngah;g;G xt;Nthh; Mq;fpyg;
Gj;jhz;L jpdj;jd;Wk; Gwg;ghl;L xd;iw nkhop ngah;e;J Elementary Tamil Grammer -
%d;W ghfq;fs;
kzpNkfiyf; fijia Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjp cs;shh;.
nkhopg;ngah;g;Gj; Jiwf;F topNfhypath; vdyhk;.
jpUthrfk; - Mq;fpy nkhopngah;g;G
20 PG TRB TAMIL

jdJ fy;yiwapy; ‘xU jkpo; khztd;’> vd vOjr; nra;jth;

353. fhy;Lnty; - (1815-1891) mah;yhe;J
jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk; 1856
tlnkhop ,d;wpNa jdpj;J ,aq;ff; $baJ jkpo; vd epWtpath;
ew;fUizj; jpahdkhiy> jhkiuj; jlhfk;> Qhd ];jhdk;> jpUney;Ntyp rhpj;jpuk;.
354. jkpor;rpd; je;ij – mz;l;hpf; ghjphpahh; - jk;gpuhd; tzf;fk;
355. ,uhgh;l; - b – nehgpyp : (jj;Jt Nghjfh;) 1577-1656 ,j;jhyp
jd;id ‘Nuhk; gpuhkzd;’ ‘uh[ rd;dpahrp’ vdf; $wpf; nfhz;lhh;.
ke;jpu khiy> QhNdhgNjr fhz;lk;> Mj;Jk eph;zak;> jj;Jtf; fz;zhb> NrRehjh;
rhpj;jpuk;
356. Nudpa]; Iah; - g+kp rh];jpuk;> Ntj cjhuzj; jpul;L
357. vy;yP]; - mhpa jkpo;r; Rtbfisj; jpul;bg; ghJfhj;jhh;.
1812 ,y; nrd;id fy;tpr; rq;fk; epWtpdhh;
Njk;ghtdp ,tuhy; fpilj;jJ
358. ngh;rpty; ghjphpahh; - tptpypaj;ijj; jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jhh;
MWKf ehtyhplk; jkpo; gapd;whh;
jkpo;g; gonkhopfisj; jpul;b 1842,y; ntspapl;lhh;
jpdth;j;jkhdp (1855) vd;Dk; thu ,jo; elj;jpdhh;
,JNt Kjy; jkpo;r; nra;jpj; jhs; MFk;.
359. ed;D}iy Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;j;jth; gth; Iah;.
360. mr;rhd jkpo; E}y;fspd; tifnjhifg; gl;bay; - [hd; kh;lhf;
361. Ntjehafk;gps;is – Kd;rPg;
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gpujhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuk; – jkpopd; Kjy; ehty; - jkpo; ehtypd; je;ij
rh;t rka rkurf; fPh;j;jid> ngz;kjp khiy> ePjpE}y;>
RFz Re;jhp rhpj;jpuk;> Njtkhjh me;jhjp
362. H.A.fpU\;zg; gps;is – fpwp];jtf; fk;gd;
[hd; ghd;ad; vOjpa Pilgrims progress - ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; -
jkpo; gd;dpad; vd ,tiu miog;gh;
,ul;rz;a kNdhfuk; - fpwp];jth;fspd; Njthuk; vdg;gLk;
363. Ntjehaf rh];jphpahh; - QhdjPgf; ftpuhah; (gl;lk;)
ngj;yN`k; FwtQ;rp> nrd;idg; gl;lzg; gpuNtrk; (nehz;b ehlfk;)
Qhd Vw;wg;ghl;L> Qhdf;Fk;gp
364. njhy;fhg;gpa ed;D}y; - ,.rhKNty; gps;is - 1858
365. Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; - fUzhkph;j rhfuk;
366. ,uhkypq;f mbfs; - (1823 -74)
1865y; rd;khh;f;f rq;fk; Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;
1867 - rj;jpa jUkrhiy> 72,y; rj;jpa Qhd rhiy
rd;khh;f;ff; nfhb kQ;rs; - nts;is
jhuf ke;jpuk; - mUl;ngUQ;N[hjp jdpg;ngUq; fUiz
Nfhl;ghL – Md;kNea xUikg;ghL
nfhs;if – [PtfhUz;ak;
thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk; thbath;
367. fz;zp> Fk;kp> fPh;j;jid> rpe;J Nghd;w Nghw;wpath;
368. mk;gyg; ghl;Nl mUl;ghl;L
my;yhjhh; ghl;nly;yhk; gpUl;ghl;L
369. jpUtUl;gh vdg; ngahpl;L> jpUKiwfshf tFj;J> Kjd; Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;jth;
jiykhzhf;fh; njhOt+h; NtyhAj Kjypahh;
21 PG TRB TAMIL

370. mUl;gh ghly; ngw;w jyq;fs; 14. itg;Gj; jyq;fs; 265

mUl;ghg; ghly;fis kUl;gh vd;wth; MWKf ehtyh;
kDKiw fz;l thrfk;> [PtfhUz;a xOf;fk; - ciueil E}y;fs;.
jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjy; fy;ntl;lha;thsh;
371. kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is 1815-76
ehnshd;Wf;F 400 ghly;fs;.
Gyth; Guhzq;fs; 22> gps;isj;jkpo; 10> me;jhjp 16> khiy 4> Nfhit 3> fyk;gfk; 2>
cyh 1
fhNuhzg; Guhzk;> Nrf;fpohh; gps;isj;jkpo;> jpy;iy akf me;jhjp> jpUthidf;fh ,ul;il
kzpkhiy
etPd fk;gh;> gpw;fhyf; fk;gh; vd;Nwj;Jth;
372. ,yf;fzf; fly; - ,uhkhEr ftpuhah;
373. ,uhkr;re;jpu ftpuhah; - rJufuhjpia Kjypy; mr;Nrw;wpath; MtPd kio nghopa –
374. jz;lghzp Rthkpfs; - tz;zr;rugk; - KUfjhr Rthkpfs; -jpUg;Gfo; Rthkpfs;
mUzfphpahh; tuyhw;iwg; Guhzkhf tbj;Js;shh;
mgu mUzfpehjh; rugftp tpj;Jthd; vdg;gLthh;
mWtif ,yf;fzk; nra;Js;shh;
375. tp.Nfh. #hpa ehuhaz rh];jphpahh; - ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is>
‘jpuhtpl rh];jphp’ gl;lk; ey;fpdhh;.
QhdNghjpdp - ,johrphpah; Kj;jpuh uhl;rrk; - khyhgQ;rfk; -
jkpo; nkhop tuyhW> jkpo;g; Gyth; rhpj;jpuk;
kjpthzd; - ehty;> &ghtjp> fyhtjp> khdtp[ak; - ehlfq;fs;
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376. fstop ehw;gJ fijapid mftypy; jUtJ khdtp[ak;
ehlf ,yf;fz E}y; - ehlftpay;
377. jhz;ltuha Kjypahh; - ,yf;fz tpdh tpil> gQ;r je;jpuf; fij>
378. g+z;b muq;fehj Kjypahh; - fr;rpf; fyk;gfk;
379. Nrhlrhtjhdk; (16) Rg;guha nrl;bahh;
380. koit kfhypq;ifah;> njhy; vOj;J> er;rh; ciuia Kjd; Kjypy;1847,y;
gjpg;gpj;jhh;
381. gpd;dj;J}h; m.ehuhazrhkp Iah; - khzhf;fuhw;Wg;gil>
fsg;ghs; Guhzk;> gioaJ tpL J}J> nrUg;G tpL J}J
mfehD}w;W ciu.
382. ghk;gd; Rthkpfs; - (Fku FUjhr Rthkpfs;)
383. ‘,f;fhy mUzfphp
384. ghz;bj;Jiuj; Njth; 14-9-1901,y; kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fk; epWtpdhh;
385. Mj;jp#b ntz;gh ghbath; ,uhkghujp
386. mtjhdk;: rlhtjhdk; - 6;ml;lhtjhdk; - 8; jrhtjhdk; - 10. Nrhlrhtjhdk; 16;
rjhtjhdk; - 100
387. rpwg;Gg; ghapuk; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; jw;NghJ rhw;Wf;ftpfs;
388. ,f;fhyk;: ehlfk; - Nguh. Re;juk;gps;is; ehty; - Ntjehafk;gps;is VL fz;lik-
c.Nt.rh; gjpg;G – gthde;jk;gps;is> jhNkhjuk; gps;is
fij - fy;fp; ciueil –jpU.tp.f; jdpj;jkpo; - kiwkiy mbfs;
Muha;r;rp – itahGhpg;gps;is
389. fk;giuAk;> ghujpiaAk; gl;bj;njhl;bnaq;Fk; gutr; nra;jth; [Pth.
390. ghujpahh; – (Rg;ukzpak;) 11-12-1882> 11-9-1921
vl;ilaGuk;. ghl;b – ghfPujp mk;khs;> kidtp – nry;yk;khs;
22 PG TRB TAMIL

11Mk; tajpy; ‘ghujp’ gl;lk;

1905y; rf;futh;j;jpdp ,jo; njhlq;fy;> ,jpy; gf;fpk; re;jpuhpd; te;Nj khjuk; fPjj;ijg;
ngah;j;J vOjpdhh;
,e;jpah ,jopd; Mrphpah; - 1906
ghy ghuj; Mq;fpy thu Vl;il elj;jpdhh;
1907y; nrd;id [drq;fk; Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;
mutpe;jh; njhlh;ghy; Ntjhe;j <LghL Vw;gl;lJ
kd;dh;fsplKk; klq;fspYk; gz;bjh;fsplKk; Klq;fpapUe;j jkpio rpiwtPL nra;jth;
‘ngz;ikjhd; nja;tPfk; ngUq;fhl;rpalh’ vd;wth;
‘giftDf; fUs;tha; ed;ndQ;Nr’ vd;wth;>
‘ghh;g;ghid Ianud;w fhyKk; Nghr;Nr’
‘Vionad;Wk; mbiknad;Wk;’
‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij’ ‘ghuj ehL gok;ngUk; ehL’
‘ghpg+uzDf;Nf mbik nra;J tho;Nthk;’
‘xd;W guk;nghUs; ehkjd; kf;fs;’
‘ghl;Lj; jpwj;jhNy ,t;itaj;ijg; ghypj;jpl Ntz;Lk;’
,tiug; gj;jpukhfg; Nghw;w Ntz;Lk; (fhe;jp)
Njrpaf; ftpQh;fl;fpilNa jpyfk; (tpNdhgh)
,e;jpaj; jj;Jtq;fis mDgtj;jhy; czh;ej ; mjpNkij (mutpe;jh;)
,th; jpUttjhuk; nra;jJ jkpoh;fspd; ghf;fpak; (uh[h[p)
ghujp khngUk; kf;fs; ftpQh; (mz;zh)
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ghujp jh$iuAk;tpl cah;eJ ; epw;fpwhh; - jpU.tp.f.
ghujpf;F epfh; ghujpNa – gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahz Re;juk;
gujpapd; QhdFU – epNtjpjh; murpay; FU - jpyfh;
ghujp vOjpa Mq;fpy E}y; - Agni and Other poems, The fox with the golden Tail.
n\y;ypjhrd;> fhspjhrd;> rf;jp jhrd; - Gid ngah;fs;
fdfypq;fj;Jf;F 1913 y; g+Z}y; mzptp;j;jhh;
mr;R tbtpy; te;j ghujpapd; Kjy; ghly; jdpik ,uf;fk;
fz;zk;kh vd; Foe;ij> Copf;$j;J Nghd;w ghly;fs; cyf ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,y;iy.
jkpopy; Rarhpij ghba Kjy; ghtyd;
Kjy; ciueilf; fhtpak; Qhd ujk; (1908)
nkhopngah;g;G – gftj; fPij : ciu vOjpaJ – gjQ;ryp Nahf #j;jpuk;
ghujpahiu Kjd;Kjy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; guyp R.
ney;iyag;gh; - ghujpahuhy; jk;gp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth;
ghujpia cyf kfh ftp vd czh;j;jpa Kjy; vOj;jhsh; t.uh
vl;ilaGuj;jpy; ghujp epidT kz;lgk; vOg;gpath; fy;fp
vl;ilaGuj;jpy; ghujpf;Fg; ngUtpoh vLj;j ebfh;fs; rpth[p> n[kpdp
ghujpapd; ghly; chpikia thq;fpath; V.tp.vk;
ghujp ghf;fis Njrcilikahf;fpath; Xkhe;J}h; gp.uhkrhkp nul;bahh;
jw;Nghija ghujp cUtj;ij tiue;jth; Mh;ah vDk; gh\;ak;
ghujp fsQ;rpak; - uh.m.gj;kehgd;
nrd;idapy; 1949y; ghujpahh; rq;fk; njhlq;fpath; fy;fp
ghujp njhz;lh; guk;giuia cUthf;fpath; Rg;ukzpa rpth
t.c.rp.caph; tpLk; NghJ Nfl;l ghly; - ‘vd;W jzpAk; ,e;j Rje;jpu jhfk;’
jkpohy; ghujp jFjp ngw;wJk;> jkpo; ghujpahy; jFjp ngw;wJk; – ghNte;jh;
391. ftpkzp (Njrpa tpehafk; gps;is) 1876-1954.
23 PG TRB TAMIL

ehfh;Nfhtpiy mLj;j Nj&h;

Njrpf tpehafj;jpd; ftpg; ngUik jpdKk; Nfl;gJ vd; nrtpg; ngUik - ehkf;fy; ftpQh;
cs;sj;Js;sJ ftpij -
Mrpa N[hjp – vl;tpd; Mh;dhy;L – Light of Asia
ckh;fa;ahk; - Ughaj; - ghurPf nkhop
[hd; gpl;[uhy;L - Mq;fpyj;jpy; ghbaijj; jkpohf;fpAs;shh;
‘kq;ifauha;g; gpwg;gjw;Nf’
‘Mop #Ok; cyfhSk; murdhf Ntz;Lnkdpy;’
‘nta;apw;Nfw;w epoYz;L’
‘ehQ;rpy; ehl;L kUkf;fs;top khd;kpak;’ – eifr;Rit> khkpahh; nfhLik
Foe;ijf; ftpQh; - Njhl;lj;jpy; NkAJ nts;isg;gR
‘ghl;Lf;nfhU ‘Gytd; ghujpalh’
tuyhW fy;ntl;L Muha;r;rp E}y; - fhe;jSh;r;rhiy
kyUk; khiyAk;
jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhh; ‘ftpkzp’ gl;lk; toq;fpdhh;.
392. ehkf;fy; ftpQh; - ,uhkypq;fk;gps;is – 1888 – 1972
rpwe;j Xtpah; - Kjypy; tiue;j glk; - ,uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rh;
Ie;jhk; [hh;[; kd;dhplk; jq;fg; gjf;fk; ngw;Ws;shh;
‘fj;jpapd;wp uj;jkpd;wp’> ‘jkpondd;W nrhy;ylh’
‘jkpod; vd;nwhU ,dKz;L’
‘gNy ghz;bah> gps;is> ePh; xU Gyth; Iakpy;iy’ vd;wth; ghujpahh;.
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jpyfh; tpijj;j tpj;J – ghujp; fhe;jp J}tpd tpij – ehkf;fy; ftpQh; vd;wth; uh[h[p.
fhe;jpaf; ftpQh;
mtDk; mtSk;> rq;nfhyp> jkpod; ,jak;> kiyf;fs;sd; ,yf;fpa ,d;gk;
,e;jpa murpd; Kjy; nts;spg;gjf;fk; ngw;w jkpo;g;glk;
vd;fij> ftpjhQ;ryp> jkpo;j;Njh;> gpuhh;j;jid> jhahh; nfhLj;j jdk;
NjkJuj; jkpNohir> ,irj;jkpo;.
1949 Kjy; muitf; ftpQh;> gj;kg+\d; tpUJ ngw;wth;
393. guyp R.ney;iyag;gUk; ghujpAk; ,yf;fpa ,ul;ilah;
ghhpapd; jpUehis Kjd;Kjypy; nfhz;lhbath;
394. ghujpjhrd;; 29.4.1891 - 21.4.1964 Rg;Guj;jpdk;
395. vq;nfq;F fhzpDk; rf;jpalh - Kjy; ghly; - Fapy; VL elj;jpdhh;
396. ghz;bad; ghpR> vjph; ghuhj Kj;jk;> Nrujhz;ltk;> mofpd; rphpg;G> FLk;g tpsf;F>
FwpQ;rpj; jpl;L> fz;zfp Gul;rpf; fhg;gpak;> kzpNkfiy ntz;gh> jkpopaf;fk;>
jkpor;rpapd; fj;jp> ,Uz;l tPL> fz;zpd; filg; ghh;it fhjypah; fhl;btpl;lhy; -
rQ;rPtp gh;tjj;jpd; rhuy;> Gul;rpf; ftp - gpy;`zPaj;jpd; thh;g;G
fy;tp ,y;yhg; ngz;fs; fsh;epyk; -
kfspnuy;yhk; fy;tpawpT xOf;fKs;stuhapd; kUj;JtNk Ntz;lhk;.
gpzp %g;G thuh -
fyg;G kzk; xd;Nw ey;topf;Ff; iffhl;b vd;fpwhh;
FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL gw;wp ,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjypy; ghbath;.
jkpiog; gopj;jtidj; jha; jLj;jhYk; tplhNj –
rhtpy; jkpo; gbj;Jr; rhfNtz;Lk; -
Xlg;guhapUf;Fk; Vioag;gh;.
ey;y FLk;gk; xU gy;fiyf;fofk; - ,Ul;liwapy; cs;sjlh cyfk;
GjpaNjhh; cyfk; nra;Nthk; - jkpOf;Fj; njhz;L nra;Nthd; rhtjpy;iy
24 PG TRB TAMIL

nfhiy thspid vllh – ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRe; jpUehl;L -

kq;if xUj;jp jUk; RfKk; vq;fs; khj;jkpOf; fPby;iy.
ghujpf;Fg; gpwF jkpo;ehl;by; Xh; cz;ikahd ftp – F.g.uh
397. r.J.R.Nahfpahh;
jkpo;f;Fkhp> mfy;ah> Nkhpkf;jNydh
398. Gyth; Foe;ij - <NuhL – XytyR.
,uhtz fhtpak;> murpayuq;fk;> neUQ;rpg;gok; jpUehzhr; rpNyil ntz;gh
cyfg; nghpNahd; nfd;db> fhkQ;rhp (Nrhug; U];Jk; gw;wpa ehlfk;)
ahg;gjpfhuk;> njhilajpfhuk;>
nfhq;F ehL> jkpof tuyhW> jPud; rpd;dkiy
399. J}ud;: GjpJ Gjpjhf ahg;Gfis mikj;jth;
rhndl; tifg; ghly;fisg; gilj;jth;
,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjd;Kjypy; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; nfhz;L te;jth;.
400. nfhj;jkq;fyk; Rg;G – Gidngah; - fiykzp
fhe;jp kfhd; fij> jpy;yhdh Nkhfdhk;ghs;> kp];uhjh
401. thzpjhrd; - vj;jpuhrY> muq;frhkp> GJit – tpy;ypaD}h;
402. jkpor;rp> nfhbKy;iy> vopNyhtpak;> jPh;j;j ahj;jpiu> ,d;g ,yf;fpak;> nghq;fy;
ghpR> ,uT tutpy;iy. rphpj;j Ezh> ,dpf;Fk; ghl;L> vopy; tpUj;jk;> njhLthdk;>
ghl;Lg; gpwf;Fklh. jkpo;ehl;L Nthh;l;]; nthh;j;> Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; xypiaNa
ctikahf vLj;jhz;l Kjy; ftpQh;.
jkpo;ehl;Lj; jh$h; vd;Wk; Vj;jg; ngWthh;
403. jkpo; xsp (tp[auq;fk;)
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mUzfphpehjUf;Fg; gpwF re;jj; jkpo;f; ftpij eilia ntw;wpfukhff; ifahz;lth;
tpjpNah tPizNah> Nfhriyf; Fkhp> fz;zg;gd; fpspfs;>
ghL ghg;gh (Foe;ijg; ghly;fs;)
404. fz;zjhrd; (Kj;ijah) ,uhkehjGuk; - rpW$lw;gl;b.
fhiuKj;Jg; Gyth;> tzq;fhKb> fkfg;hpah> Jg;ghf;fp – Gidngah;fs;
ftpQh; vd;w milapl;L NkilNaw;wpath; fiyQh;
Nghw;WNthh; Nghw;wl;Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifah;
kio$l xU ehspy; Njdhfyhk;
khq;fdp> Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp> fpotd; NrJgjp> kyh;fs;> ijg;ghit>
ftpjhQ;ryp> Nurkhd; fhjyp> mh;j;jKs;s ,e;Jkjk;> ghpkiyf;nfhb>
Cikad; Nfhl;il> Ntyq;Fbj; jpUtpoh> tpsf;F kl;Lkh rptg;G>
Mapuq;fhy; kz;lgk;> rpq;fhhp ghh;j;j nrd;id> uh[ jz;lid> rptfq;ifr; rPik>
mdhh;fyp> ,NaR fhtpak;> tdthrk;> kdthrk;> njd;wy;> fz;zjhrd; - VLfs;
jkpof murpd; muritf; ftpQuhf ,Ue;jth;
405. gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahz Re;juk; -
nghJTilikj; jj;Jtj;jpy; g+j;j ghl;lhspf; ftpQd;
406. ghujrf;jp kfh fhtpak; - Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh;
jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fof – uhruhrd; ghpR Kjd;Kjypy; (1984) ngw;wJ.
407. ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; (Jiu.khzpf;fk;)
njd;nkhop VL - ,yf;fpa ,jo;> jkpo;r;rpl;L – rpWth; ,jo;
cyfj; jkpopd Kd;Ndw;wf; fofj;jpd; Kjy;th;.
Kbaurd; (Jiuuh[;)
g+q;nfhb> tPufhtpak;
408. kP.g.NrhK – mf;fiiur; rPikapNy (gazk;)
409. Rujh (uh[Nfhghy;)
25 PG TRB TAMIL

Kjy; ftpij rphpg;gpd; epoy;

jkpofj;jpy; Kjd; Kjy; ntspte;j ftpij thu VL – fhtpak;
,yf;fpak;> Ch;tyk;> Rujh (jpq;fs; ,jo;fs;)
rhtpd; Kj;jk;> cjl;by; cjL> gl;lj;jurp> Njd;kio> RtUk; Rz;zhk;Gk;>
JiwKfk;> thh;j;ij thry;> vr;rpy; ,uT> Cikf; ftpQh; vd;wth; n[frpw;gpad;
Kjd;Kjypy; ghNte;jh; tpUJ ngw;wth;
jkpnod;why; jtpl;ilAk; cz;Ngd; vd;wth;
410. fiyQh; fUzhepjp 3-6-1923. jpUf;Ftis> Kj;JNtyh; - mQ;Rfk; >njhy;fhg;gpag;
g+q;fh> rq;fj; jkpo;> nghd;dh; rq;fh;> ghAk;Gyp gz;lhuf td;dpad;> njd;ghz;br;rpq;fk;>
neQ;Rf;F ePjp - jd; tuyhW
411. jpUr;rpw;wk;gyf; ftpuhah; (njh.K.rp.uFehjd;)
ghujp fhyKk; fUj;Jk; - rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ. gQ;Rk; grpAk;
412. FNyhj;Jq;fd; (th.nr.Foe;ijrhkp). – mwptpay; mwpQh;
tsh;f jkpo;> thapy; jpwf;fl;Lk;> thOk; ts;Stk;.
413. Gyikg;gpj;jd; (,uhkrhkp)
Gul;rpj; jP> ghNte;jh; gps;isj;jkpo;> Gul;rpg;g+f;fs;> vJ ftpij?
414. Gyik ,jopd; Mrphpah; nghw;Nfh
415. N[hjp (fp.th.[fe;ehjd;) [Pth – g.[Pthde;jk;
416. ehzy; (m.rPdpthruhftd;) nts;isg; gwit - rh.mfhlkp tpUJ
417. thy;l; tpl;kd; - Gy;ypd; ,jo;fs;
ghujpahh; - fhl;rpfs;> Qhdujk; - trdk;
r.J.R.Nahfpahh; - kdpjidg; ghLNtd;
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GJf;ftpij – e.gpr;r%h;j;jp – 1934 - Kd;Ndhb
trdftpijapd; vjph;g;ghsh; njh.K.rp.uFehjd;.
GJf;ftpijiaf; fhY}d;wr; nra;jth; - rp.R.nry;yg;gh – vOj;J
e.gp> F.g.uh.> f.eh.R %tUk; Kjypy; Mq;fpyj;jpy;jhd; vOjpdh;.
‘vOj;J’ ftpQh;fs;> f.eh.R.> rp.kzp> gRitah (Re;juuhkrhkp)> jUK rptuhK> eFyd;
(b.Nf.Jiurhkp)
thdk;ghbfs;; Qhdp> Re;juk;> GtpauR> mf;dp Gj;jpud;> Ky;iy Mjtd;> kPuh> ,d;Fyhg;>
rpw;gp> jkpod;gd;> fq;ifnfhz;lhd;> jkpo; ehld;> Nkj;jh> fyhg;hpah>Qhdf; $j;jd;>
jkpotd;
71y; thdk;ghb ,jo; fpsk;gpaJ.
gpd;> mf;dp> Qhdp – ‘Nts;tp’ njhlq;fpdh;. ‘Jspfs;’ ‘o’
418. Nghh;f;Fzk; nfhz;l GJf;ftpijf;fhud; iffspy; Ngdh epkph;ej ; hy; NtyhfpwJ.
tise;jhy; tpy;yhfpwJ. ituKj;J
419. kf;fshl;rp KiwNa GJf;ftpij vd;wth; Nkj;jh
420. rpf;fYk; rpLf;Fk; GJf;ftpijapd; [Pthjhuk; - f.eh.R.
421. Xh; XtpaNkh rpw;gNkh jd;idr; nrhw;fspd; thapyhf ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;
tifNa - gbkk; - v];uh gTz;L
422. ,br;nrhw;nghoptpd; RUf;nfOj;J mg;Jy; uFkhd;
423. ,utpNy thq;fpNdhk;> ,d;Dk; tpbaNtapy;iy - muq;fehjd;
424. mofhapy;yhjjhy; mts; vd; jq;ifahfptpl;lhs;. fyhg;hpah
425. tpopfs; el;rj;jpuq;fis tUbdhYk; tpuy;fs; vd;dNth [d;dy; fk;gpfNshLjhd;
(Nkj;jh)
426. mwpah rdk; ,Uf;Fk;tiu mhpahrdk; Va;g;gtUf;Nf – tpehaf%h;j;jp
427. Kjy; i`f;$ E}y; - mKjghujpapd; Gs;spg;g+f;fs; - 1984
,uz;lhtJ – fodpa+udpd; epue;ju kpd;dy;fs;
26 PG TRB TAMIL

428. GJf;ftpijia ‘ciug;gh’ vd;fpwhh; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;

429. ‘ciutPr;R’ vd;ghh; rhiy ,se;jpiuad;> ‘nrhw;Nfhyk;’ fz;zjhrd;
430. e.gpr;r%h;j;jp - Fk;gNfhzk; - GJf;ftpij ,af;fj;jpd; tpbnts;sp.
fpspf;FQ;R> g+f;fhhp> topj;Jiz> fpspf;$z;L
431. rp.R.nry;yg;gh - tj;jyf;Fz;L - vOj;J.
eP ,d;W ,Ue;jhy;> khw;W ,jak;.
432. F.g.uh[Nfhghyd; - rpwpJ ntspr;rk;
433. ty;ypf;fz;zd; (fpU\;zrhkp) ‘ieahz;b ghujp’ – Gidngah; mku Ntjid –
GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - rh.mfhlkp
434. GJikg;gpj;jd; (tpUj;jhryk;)
435. GtpauR (n[fe;ehjd;) - kPwy;> ,Jjhd;
436. rf;jpf;fdy; (godprhkp)
GOjpg; Gay;> fdfhk;guKk; brk;gh; g+f;fSk;>ePq;fs; Nfl;lit. mz;zd;khh; fijiag;
gjpg;gpj;jth;
437. rpw;gp (ghyRg;gpukzpak;)
438. ‘ftpij> ,yf;fpaj;jpd; uhzp vd;whYk; r%fj;jpd; Ntiyf;fhhp’ epyTg;g+> rphpj;j
Kj;Jf;fs;> xspg;gwit> rh;g;gahfk;> nksd kaf;fq;fs;> xU fpuhkj;J ejp>
g+[;[paq;fspd; rq;fpyp.
439. mg;Jy; uFkhd;> ftpf;Nfh- gbkf; ftpQh; ghy;tPjp> Neah; tpUg;gk;> Rl;Ltpuy;>
Myhgid (rh.mfhlkp) gpj;jd;> Kl;ilthrpfs;> cd; fz;zhy; J}q;fpf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
440. kPuh (kP.uhNre;jpud;)
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441. fdTfs; + fw;gidfs; = fhfpjq;fs;> %d;Wk; MWk;> kUf;nfhOe;J> md;dk; - mfuk;
gjpg;gfk;> md;dk; tpL J}J - ,johrphpah;.
442. vopy;Kjy;td; (,uhkypq;fk;)
,dpf;Fk; epidTfs;> vq;nfq;F fhzpDk;> epidTg; g+f;fs; (GJ)
443. <NuhL jkpod;gd; (n[fjPrd;) Gidngah; tpbnts;sp.
rpyph;g;Gfs;> Njhzp tUfpwJ> jPTfs; fiuNaWfpd;wd> epyh tUk; Neuk;> #hpag;
gpiwfs;> Cik ntapy;> jpUk;gp te;j Njh;tyk;> tzf;fk; ts;St – rh.mfhlkp
444. jkpo;ehld; (Rg;gpukzpak;) - Nryk; - Nts;tp> kz;zpd; khz;G> fhk&gk;> el;rj;jpug;
g+f;fs;> Ntypfs; (ehty;)
VO fhh;l;^d;fSk; xU tz;z xtpaKk; (nkh.ng) rh.mfhlkp tpUJ.
445. ,d;Fyhg; (rhFy; `kPJ)
nts;is ,Ul;L> Kuz;ghLfs; gw;wp> #hpaidr; Rkg;gth;fs;> fpof;Fk; gpd;njhlUk;
446. eh.fhkuhrd;
‘Viofspd; mLg;nghpg;Nghk;: ,y;iynadpy; #hpadpy; jPf;Fspg;Nghk;’ fWg;G kyh;fs;>
fpWf;fy;fs;> ehty; gok;> kfh fhtpak;> Rje;jpu jpdj;jpy; xU ifjpapd; ilhp>
jh[;k`hYk; nuhl;bj; Jz;Lk;> #hpafhe;jp> rfhuhitj; jhz;lhj xl;lfq;fs;> kiyAk;
[PtejpAk;> Mg;gps; fdT.
447. K.Nkj;jh (Kfk;kJ Nkj;jh)
448. fz;zPh;g; g+f;fs;> Ch;tyk;> kdr;rpwF> mth;fs; tUfpwhh;fs;> ele;j ehlfk;> Kfj;Jf;F
Kfk;> fhj;jpUe;j fhw;W> jpUtpohtpy; xU njUg;ghlfd;> ee;jtd ehl;fs;>
xUthdk;> ,UrpwF> ,jaj;jpy; ehw;fhyp> ntspr;rk; ntspNa ,y;iy> mth;fs;
tUfpwhh;fs;> Nrho epyh (ehty;) Mfhaj;Jf;F mLj;j tPL (rh.mfhlkp ghpR)
449. tyk;Ghp [hd; - jha;> kUjhzp nkl;b> ghg;gh kQ;rhp ,jo;fspd; Mrphpah;> fhw;wpd;
ftrk;> mk;kh miog;G> xU ejp Fspf;fg; NghfpwJ> ej;ijf; $Lfs;.
450. ituKj;J (1953) Kjw; ftpij – Njd;kioapy; ‘,sneQ;rpd; Vf;fk;’ (1917). Kjy;
E}y; - itfiw Nkfq;fs; (1972) Kjy; jpiug;ghly; - nghd;khiyg; nghOJ.
27 PG TRB TAMIL

thndhypapy; Kjd;Kjypy; GJf;ftpij ghbath; - fz;zPiur; rphpf;ftpLNthk;> jpUe;jp

vOjpa jPh;g;Gfs;> ,d;ndhU NjrpafPjk;> ftpuh[d; fij> nfhb kuj;jpd; Nth;fs;> vd;
nksdj;jpd; rg;jq;fs;> rpw;gpNa cd;idr; nrJf;FfpNwd;. fy;ntl;Lf;fs;> fhtp
epwj;jpy; xU fhjy;> nga;nadg; nga;Ak;kio.
,Jtiu ehd; - jd;tuyhW
thdk; njhl;LtpLk; J}uk;jhd;. kPz;Lk; vd; njhl;bYf;F> xU Nghh;f;fsKk; ,uz;L
g+f;fSk;> tpy;NyhL th epyNt> fUthr;rp fhtpak;> fs;spf;fhl;L ,jpfhrk;.
tpz;zpypUe;jhYk; kz;izNa ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; #hpa re;jpuh;fs; - GJf;ftpij
451. fodpa+ud; (mg;Jy;fhjh;) epue;ju kpd;dy;fs; (i`f;$)
neUg;gpy; tpOe;j tpijfs;
mKjghujp (mKNjhd;)
jkpopy; Kjd;Kjyhf ntspte;j KO i`f;$ E}y; - Gs;spg; g+f;fs;
ciueil
452. ciungW fl;Liu> ciug;ghl;L kil - rpyk;G
ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; nra;As; - rpyk;G
Kjy; ciu - ,iwadhh; fstpaYiu – ciueil tuyhw;wpy; iky;fy;
453. ,sk;g+uzhh; - tpdhTk; tpilAkhf> tlnkhop fythJ vOJgth;
454. Nguhrphpah; - nrhw;nghUs;> ,d;wpaikah ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;Gfs; nfhz;lJ.
455. Nrdhtiuah; - tlnkhopiaj; jOtpaJ
456. epuk;g mofpa Njrpfh; - jpUtUl; gad;
457. kapNyWk; ngUkhs; - fy;yhlk;
458. gpuNahf tpNtfk; – Rg;ukz;a Njrpfh;
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459. rptg;gpufhrh; jUf;f ghpghi\ vd;Dk; ciueil E}y; nra;Js;shh;
460. mk;gyf;fhl;by; 1577y; ntspahd fpwp];JNthgNjrk; - jkpopy; mr;rhd Kjy; E}y;
vd;fpwhh; fhy;Lnty;
461. nfhy;yj;jpy; 1579y; Mz;l;hpf; mr;Nrw;wpa jk;gpuhd; tzf;fk;jhd; Kjy; E}y; vd;fpwhh;
jdpehaf mbfs;
462. 1716y; rPfd; ghy;F Iah; jkpo; - yj;jPd; xg;gpyf;fz Ma;T E}iyj; jhNk
cz;lhf;fpa jkpo; mr;Rf;fshy; gjpg;gpj;jhh;.
463. ciuahrphpah; eilianahl;b ‘cah;ej ; eilapy; njhd;D}y; tpsf;fKk; Ngr;Rj;jkpio
mbnahw;wp vspaeilapy; ‘Ntjpah; xOf;fKk;’ tiue;jhh; tPukhKdpth;.
464. gukhh;j;j FUfij eil midth;f;Fk; Vw;wJ
465. jkpo; ciueilapd; je;ij> jkpo; ciueil ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Njhw;Weh; tPukhKdpth;
466. jw;fhyj; jkpo; ciueilapd; je;ij MWKfehtyh;
467. fhy;Lnty; - guj fz;l Guhzk;: Nghg; - ,q;fpyhe;J Njr rhpj;jpuk;
468. rptQhd Kdpth; - ,yf;fz tpsf;fr; #whtsp> rptQhd khghbak;
469. jQ;irthzd; Nfhitf;F ciu tFj;jth; nrhf;fg;g ehtyh;
470. jpUts;Stkhiyf;F ciu nra;jth; rutzg; ngUkhisah;
471. ,e;E}w;whz;bd; ciueil ,sturh; - jhz;ltuhaKjypahh; - gQ;r je;jpuf; fij (1826)
472. ciu eilNte;jh; MWKfehtyh; ‘jkpo;f; fhtyh;’
473. itjhYk; tOtpd;wp itthh;. MWKfehtyh;
trd eil ifte;j ty;yhsh; -- vd;ghh; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh;
474. tPuhrhkp nrl;bah; - tpNdhjur kQ;rhp – jiyrpwe;j ciueil ,yf;fpak;
475. gz;bjh; jkpopy; vOjpath; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;
476. jw;fhyj; jkpo; ciueilapd; QhapWk; jpq;fSkhfj; jpfo;gth;fs; kiwkiyabfs; -
jpU.tp.f
477. jdpj;jkpo; eilapd; je;ij - kiwkiy mbfs;
28 PG TRB TAMIL

478. nkd;jkpo; ciueilapd; Kjy;th; - jpU.tp.f

479. c.Nt.rhkpehijah; - 19.2.1855 – 28.4.1942
,aw;ngah; Ntq;flehjd;
480. jpUthtLJiw MjPd jPl;rhehkk;- rhkpehjd;
kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;is - FU
gjpg;Gj; Jiwapy; GFj;jpath; Nryk; uhkrhkp Kjypahh;
fy;Y}hpj; jlj;jpy; Vw;wptpl;lth; jpahfuhrh;
1906y; k`hkN`hghj;ahah - gl;lk;
1925y; j\pzhj;ah fyhepjp tpUJ
1940 njhlq;fp Mde;j tpfldpy; vd; rhpj;jpuk; ntspte;jJ
,th; Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;jJ –NtZypq;f tpyhrr; rpwg;G – 87 E}y;fs;
481. m.rpq;fhuNtY Kjypahh; - mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp
482. Kj;Jrhkpf; Nfhdhh; - ‘tpNtf jpthfud;’ gjpg;gfk; VL – ‘nfhq;FNts;’
483. jp.nry;tNfrtuhah; - Kjy; vk;.V
484. uh.uhfitaq;fhh; - Gtp vOgJ> ghhpfhij
485. rq;fg; ngz;ghw; Gyth; gw;wpaJ ey;ypirg; Gyik nky;ypayhh;fs;
486. nghq;fy; ed;dhisj; jkpoh; jpUehshf;fpath; fh.ekr;rptha Kjypahh;
487. jpUts;Sth; jpUehs; Njhw;Wtpj;J nfhz;lhlr; nra;jth; fh.ekr;rptha Kjypahh;
488. kiwkiy mbfs; - 1902 ,y; Qhdrhfuk; (mwpTf;fly;) 1905 y; irt rpj;jhe;j kfh
rkh[k; njhlq;fpdhh;
jpUthrf tphpTiu> Ky;iyg;ghl;L> gl;bdg;ghiy Muha;r;rp ciu>
rhFe;jy ehlf Muha;r;rp> rptQhdNghj Muha;r;rp>
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khzpf;fthrfh; tuyhWk; fhy Muha;r;rpAk;.
jkpo; tuyhw;wpy; Kjw; ngUk; Muha;r;rpahsh; vdyhk;.
489. jkpo;f; flypy; gpwe;j tyk;Ghpay;yth rpe;jhkzp vd;wth; S.D.rw;Fzh;
490. K.uhfitaq;fhh; -
Ntsph; tuyhW> Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd;>Mo;thh;fs; fhyepiy> rhrdj; jkpo;f;ftp rhpjk;>tpidj;
jphpG tpsf;fk;
491. ehtyh; NrhkRe;ju ghujp – khhpthapy;> Nruh; jha Kiw> jrujd; FiwAk; ifNfap
epiwAk;>
khhpthapy; - fhspjhrdJ Nkfre;Njrk; Nghd;wJ
492. gz;bjkzp K.fjpNurd; nrl;bahh; - kfhkNfhghj;ahah; 1941 -
kz;zpay; rpWNjh; - (kpUr;r fbfk;) Rf;fpu ePjp
493. jpU.tp.f. Njrgf;jd; (1917) etrf;jp (1920)
,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjd;Kjypy; nrd;idapy; 1918y; njhopw;rq;fk; epWtpdhh;.
,tuJ murpay; FU jpyfh;.
chpik Ntl;if> KUfd;> jpUkhy;> fpwp];J> rptd; mUs; Ntl;;ly;fs;
jd; tuyhW – tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gfs;
kdpj tho;f;ifAk; fhe;jpabfSk;> ngz;zpd; ngUik.
494. ‘itahGhp jkpopd; ithp’
v];.itahGhpg; gps;is – gjpg;ghsh; - 40 E}y;fs;
jkpo;r; Rlh; kzpfs;> fhtpa fhyk;
495. fh.R.gps;is – Kjd; Kjypy; vk;.vy;.gl;lk;
‘jh$h; rl;lg; Nguhrphpah;’ – (jh$h; rl;lg; nghopTfSf;fhf)
jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW – Kd;Ndhb E}y;
29 PG TRB TAMIL

496. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah; - uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is ‘nrhy;ypd;

nry;th;’.
‘jkpopd;gk;’ - rhfpj;a mfhlkp ghpR ngw;w Kjy; jkpo;E}y;
‘CUk; NgUk;’> nre;jkpOk; nfhLe;jkpOk;
497. ,e;jpa murpd; National Professor of Humanities vd;w Njrpag; Nguhrphpah; tpUJ
ngw;wth; nj.ngh.kPdhl;rpRe;juk;gps;is
498. jkpo; nkhopapaypd; je;ij – nj.ngh.kP.
fhdy; thp> Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak;> rkzj; jkpo;; ,yf;fpa tuyhW> ghl;bNy Gul;rp
499. NjtNeag; ghthzh; - nkhop QhapW
nre;jkpo;r; nrhw;gpwg;gpay; mfuKjypj; jpl;;l ,af;Feh;.
ny%hpahf; fz;lNk Fkhpf; fz;lk; vd;W epWtpath;
ghthziuj; jkpo;j; nja;tkhf kjpj;Jg; Nghw;WfpNwd; vd;wth; MGR. cyfj; jkpo;f; fofk;
nfhz;lth;
Nth;rn; rhy; Muha;;rr
; pahsh;. tlnkhop tuyhW> jkpo; tuyhW
gz;ilj; jkpo; ehfhpfKk; gz;ghLk;> jkpoh; jpUkzk;> jkpo;ehl;L tpisahl;Lf;fs;
500. xsit Jiurhkpg;gps;is – ciuNte;jh;
jkpo; ehtyh; rhpij – GwehD}W> gjpw;Wg;gj;J> Iq;FWE}W> ew;wpiz> rptQhdNghjk; -
ciufs;
501. nja;trpfhkzpf; fTz;lh; - Gytuhw;Wg;gil>nfhq;F kz;ly rjfk;> gQ;r kuG
mopahky; fpilj;jJ ,tuhy;jhd;.
502. kh.,uhrkhzpf;fdhh;
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nghpa Guhz Muha;r;rp> irt rka Muha;;rr ; p> fhy Muha;;r;rp> gj;Jg;ghl;L Muha;;r;rp>
jkpo;nkhop ,yf;fpa tuyhW.
503. m.rpjk;guehjd; nrl;bahh;.
jkpopd; Kjy; gz;lhufh; gl;lk; ngw;wth; ,tNu.
nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fof Mq;fpyk; - jkpo; mfuhjpj; jiyikj; njhFg;ghsh;
504. jkpoh; Nghh;Kiw> jkpo; ,yf;fpa mfuhjp – ghY}h; fz;zg;g Kjypahh;.
505. rp.,yf;Ftdhh; - khztuhw;Wg;gil
506. K.tujuhrd;
nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Kjy; lhf;lh; gl;lk; ngw;w jkpoh;.
goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,aw;if
D.Litt gl;lk; ngw;w Kjy; jkpowpQh;
cyfk; Rw;wpa Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah;
mfy; tpsf;F – rhfpj;a mfhlkp
fs;Nsh fhtpaNkh> fhpj;Jz;L> ngw;w kdk;>neQ;rpy; xU Ks;>rpwg;G
13 ehty;fs;> Kjy; ehty; - nre;jhkiu; ,Wjp – thlhkyh;
507. fp.th. [fe;ehjd;> (N[hjp) c.Nt.rh - tpd; rPlh;
gd;dpU jpUKiwf;F jpUKiw kyh;fs; vd mUk;nghUs; nra;Js;shh;
rq;fE}w; fhl;rpfs; vl;L E}y;fs;
ehNlhb ,yf;fpak; - kiyaUtp
508. jh.V.Qhd %h;j;jp- ,yf;fpaj; jpwdh;atpay;
509. jkpopd; Kjd;Kjy; ,yf;fpaf; fiy gilj;jth; - m.rh.Qhdrk;ge;jd;
510. ,uhtzd; khl;rpAk; tPo;r;rpAk;> fk;gd; fiy> murpah; %th;
jk;gpah; ,Uth; - m.rh.Qh
85Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ
30 PG TRB TAMIL

511. f.nts;isthuzdhh; - fhf;iftpL J}J> gd;dpU jpUKiw Muha;r;rp> njhy;fhg;gpa

ciutsk;> rq;f fhyj; jkpo; kf;fs;
512. t.Rg.khzpf;fk; - ts;Stk;> jkpo;f;fhjy;> njhy;fhg;gpag; GJik> nfhil tpsf;F>
ve;jr; rpyk;G
513. fl;lnghk;kd; tuyhW $Wk; E}y; - fypAfg; ngUq;fhtpak;
514. tuyhw;WKiwj; jkpofuhjp cUthf;fj;jpy; cioj;jth; - K.rz;Kfk; gps;is
515. jkpoz;zy; - ,uhk nghpa fUg;gd;
Foe;ijfs; ,yf;fpak;> kPdhl;rp
jhyhl;L> fhjy; tho;T> gpiwnjhOk; ngz;fs;> xg;gpyf;fpa mwpKfk;> rq;f ,yf;fpa
xg;gPL> FwpQ;rpg; ghl;L jpwdha;T
516. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tifAk; tbtKk;> r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad;
517. fhy;Lnty; xg;gpyf;fzj;jpd; jkpohf;fk; - Gyth; Nfhtpe;jd;
518. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;iw Mq;fpyj;jpy; Kjypy; vOjpath; - M.S. g+h;zypq;fk; gps;is.
519. gh.Nt.khzpf;f ehaf;fh; - mQ;Qhdk;> fk;gd; GSFk; thy;kPfp tha;ikAk;
520. t.c.rpjk;guk;gps;is – tpNtfghD ,jo; ntsptur; nra;jhh;.
RNjrpf; fg;gy; fk;ngdp njhlq;fpdhh;
‘njd;dhl;Lj; jpyfh;’
kdk;Nghy tho;T> mfNk Gwk;> typikf;F khh;f;fk; - N[k;]; Myd; E}y;
nka;awpT> nka;awk; - vOjpdhh;
fPo;f;fzf;fpy; xd;whd ,d;dpiyia ntspapl;lhh;
caph; gphpAk;NghJ ghujpapd; ghliyf; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nl caph; tpl;lth;
521. gz;bij mryhk;gpif mk;ikahiu ,f;fhy mt;itahh; - jpU.tp.f.
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fhe;jp Guhzk;
522. gthde;jk; gps;is – Ngufj;jpaj; jpul;L> cs;spl;ll 147 E}y;fisg; gjpg;gpj;jhh;
523. uh[h[p – tpahrh; tpUe;J> rf;uth;j;jpj; jpUkfd;.
1. m.rf;uth;j;jp eapdhh; - ePyNfrp rkajpthfu thkd Kdpth; ciu – gjpg;G
2. Nfhitf;fpohh; - rp.vk;.,uhkr;re;jpud; nrl;bahh;
3.t.Nt.R.Iah; - tufNdhp Ntq;fl Rg;ukzpak;
jpUf;FwisAk; FWe;njhifiaAk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;Js;shh;
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; njhlf;fk; - Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk; nrhd;dfij
524. urpfkzp b.Nf.rp.- tl;lj;njhl;b
Culture vd;gjw;Fg; gz;ghL vd mikj;jth;
ftpkzpia cyfwpar; nra;jth;
525. j.Nt.ckhkNfRtuk;gps;is – jkpo;g; nghopy; njhlq;fpath;
‘jkpoNts;’ gl;lk;
yk;ghb ,e;jpf;Fj; jkpo;ehl;by; vd;d Ntiy? vd;wth;
526. Rg;ukzpa rpth
527. rpth Ngrpdhy; nrj;j gpzKk; caph;j;njOk; - ePjpgjp gpd;N`.
528. QhdghD> gpugQ;rkpj;jpud;> ,e;jpa Njrhe;jp – VLfs; elj;jpdhh;.
529. ghujkhjh Nfhapy; vOg;g mbf;fy; ehl;bdhh;
530. gioa ehujh; vd;w Gidngah; nfhz;bUe;jhh;
531. gp.=.Mr;rhh;ah - = uhkhD[h; - rhfpj;a mfhlkp
532. kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp -
533. kiwe;J Nghd jkpo; E}y;fs;> rkzKk; jkpOk;> ngsj;jKk; jkpOk;> fpwpj;jtKk;
jkpOk;> gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; jkpo; ,yf;fpak;> jkpoh; tsh;j;j moFf; fiyfs;>
rkak; tsh;j;j jkpo;> nfhq;Fehl;L tuyhW
534. fk;gd; mbg;nghb rh.fNzrd;
31 PG TRB TAMIL

535. eh.thdkhkiy – Muha;r;rp fhyhz;bjo; elj;jpath;

536. f.jputpak; - Njrpak; tsh;j;j jkpo;
537. Kj;jkpo;f; fhtyh; fp.M.ng.tpRtehjd; - jkpoh; fofk; mikj;jth;. jkpoh; ehL ,jo;
njhlq;fpdhh;.
538. Mtzq;fSk; MizfSk; ngah;;g; gyiffSk; jkpopy; mikar; nra;jth;
fP.,uhkypq;fdhh;
539. rpyk;Gr;nry;th; - k.ngh.rptQhdk; - ts;syhh; fz;l xUikg;ghL rhfpj;a mfhlkp ghpR
ngw;wJ
540. gd;nkhopg; Gyth; - fh.mg;ghj;Jiuahh;
541. 1800 Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;l jkpofk;
542. ne.J.Re;ju tbNtyh;
543. gs;spr; rPUil> kjpa czTj; jpl;lk; nfhzh;ej ; th;
544. mUl;nry;th; - nghs;shr;rp kfhypq;fk;
545. Nrf;fpohh; mbg;nghb - b.vd;.,uhkr;re;jpud;
546. eilr;rpj;jpuk; - (Gjpa tif) t.uh.(uhkrhkp)
547. Nfhijj;jPT> Re;jhp> tp[ak;> rpd;dr;rhk;G
548. Nf.MWKf ehtyh;> ‘gurkaf; Nfhshp’
549. rpWfij Fjpiug; ge;jak;Nghy; njhlf;fKk; KbTk; tpWtpWg;Gld; mika Ntz;Lk;
vd;wth; - nrl;[;tpf;
550. th\pq;ld; ,h;tpq; vOjpa Rip van winkle cyfpd; Kjy; rpWfij
551. The Sketch book Kjy; rpWfijj; njhFjp
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552. Mz;ld; nrfht; - rpWfij cyfpd; je;ij (u\;ah)
553. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjypy; tq;fhsk; - jh$h;> gq;fpk; re;jpuh;
554. rpWfijf;F Kd;Ndhb – tPukhKdpth; - gukhh;j;j FUfij (1845)
555. re;jputh;zk; gps;is – fjh rpe;jhkzp (1875)
556. tPuhrhkp nrl;bahh; - tpNehjur kQ;rhp (1877)
557. jpUkzk; nry;t Nfrtuha Kjypahh; - mgpetf; fijfs;
558. khjitah – Frpfh; Fl;bf; fijfs; (1924)
559. Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk; nrhd;d fij – t.Nt.R.Iah; (1913)
560. jkpo;r; rpWfijj; je;ij – kq;ifah;f;furpapd; fhjy; - 8 fijfs;
561. jkpOf;F iyyh k[;D> mdhh;fypia mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; Iah;
562. jh$hpd; fhg+yp thyh ,tuhy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;lJ
563. ghujpahh; - Mwpy; xU gq;F> g+Nyhfuk;ig> jpz;bk rh];jphp> ];th;z Fkhhp
564. rpd;d rq;fud; fij> re;jphpifapd; fij ehty; ghzpad. Qhdujk;
565. fy;fp – xw;iw Nuh[h> fhhpUspy; xU kpd;dy;> mgiyapd; fz;zPh;>
khlj;Njtd; Rid> kapy;tpop khd;> tPiz gthdp> kapiyf; fhis> rhuijapd; je;jpuk;>
fizahopapd; fdT.
566. e.gpr;r%h;j;jp - [k;gUk; Nt\;bAk;> Nkhfpdp> khq;fha;j;jiy> gjpndl;lh ngUf;F>
FLk;g ufrpak; (FWehty;)
rpwe;j fijfs; - xU ehs;> fiyAk; ngz;Zk;> ey;ytPL> nfhY nghk;ik
567. jp.[.uq;fehjd; - re;jdf;fhtb> nehz;bf;fpsp> rkj;J ikdh> tPLk; tz;bAk;> fhsp
jhprdk;> kQ;rs; Jzp
568. F.g.uh[Nfhghyd; - fpuhk Copad; Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jth;.
Gdh; n[d;kk;> fhzhkNy fhjy;> fdfhk;guk;> fhQ;rdkhiy> rpwpJ ntspr; rpwe;j fijfs;:
tpbAkh?> jpiu> mb kwe;jhy; Mok;> jpiuf;Fg; gpd;
569. gp.v];.uhikah> tj;jyf;Fz;L
32 PG TRB TAMIL

kyUk; kzKk;> QhNdhjak;> ghf;fpaj;jpd; ghf;ak;> GJikf; Nfhapy;> g+Tk; nghd;Dk;.

570. fijfs;: jOk;G> epidT Kfk; kwf;ftpy;iy> el;rj;jpuf; Foe;ij> nfhj;jdhh;
Nfhapy;.
571. ehty;fs;: gpNuk`huk;> ee;jhtpsf;F
572. kzpf;nfhb fhyk; E}y; - rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ ngw;wJ
573. ,th; gilg;Gfs; rhfh vOj;Jf;fs; vd;wth; GJikg;gpj;jd;
574. GJikg;gpj;jd; (nrh.tpUj;jhryk;)
575. fghlGuk;> Gjpa xsp>rpj;jp> Mz;ik> md;W ,uT – njhFjpfs;
576. flTSk; fe;jrhkpg; gps;isAk;> mfy;ia> rhg tpNkhrdk;> Mz;ik> Jd;gf;Nfzp>
kdpj ae;jpuk;> rpw;gpapd; eufk;> jpahf%h;j;jp> nghd;dfuk;> fapw;wuT> kfhkrhdk;>
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; Kb#lh kd;dh;.
577. nksdp – (v];.kzp)
,th; vOjpa fijfs; 24. filrpf;fij – jtW
njhFg;G – mopahr;Rlh;> FLk;gj;Njh; - jiyrpwe;j fij
gpugQ;r fhdk;
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; jpU%yh; - fhg;/fhTld; xg;gplyhk;.
578. F.mofphprhkp
ehty;fs;: lhf;lh; mDuhjh> jPuhj tpisahl;Lg; gps;is> GJtPL GJ cyfk;> tho;f;ifg;
ghij
njhFjpfs;: rphpf;ftpy;iy> jtg;gad;> fhyfz;b> nja;tk; gpwe;jJ
,U rNfhjuh;fs;: fw;gf tpUl;rk;> tug;gpurhjk;> md;gspg;G.
md;gspg;G - rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ
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579. uh[h[p :
Xh; vyf;\d; fij> uhag;gd;> KFe;jd; giwadhd fij> Njthid> mwpahf; Foe;ij>
md;idAk; gpjhTk;.
580. fp.th.[fe;;ehjd; - mWe;j je;jp> gts ky;ypif> fiyQd;> jpahfk;> mirah tpsf;F>
Nfhtpy; kzp> kpl;lha;f;fhud;
581. rpl;b- ng.Nfh.Re;juuh[d; - kJtpyf;F kq;if> me;jpke;jhiu
582. rp.R.nry;yg;gh – ru]htpd; nghk;ik> kzy;tPL> mWgJ> rj;ahf;ufp.
583. ehty;fs;: thbthry;> [Ptdhk;rk;
584. fhpr;rhd; FQ;R (ehuhaz rhkp)
585. ty;ypf;fz;zd; - Mz; rpq;fk;> ftpijtho;T> tho tpUk;gpatd;>
586. fp.uh[ehuhazd; -
fjT> fd;dpik> Ntl;b – rpWfijfs;
Nfhgy;y fpuhkk;> Nfhgy;y fpuhkj;J kf;fs; - rh.mfhlkp ghpR
587. jkpo;ehl;Lf; fhz;Nlfh; - vd;.Mh;.jhrd;
588. ehtypd; je;ij – nghf;fhrpNah – nlf;fkuhd; - ,j;jhyp (1313-75)
Mq;fpy ehtypd; je;ij hpr;rh;l;rd; - ghnkyh - 1740
,e;jpa ehtypd; je;ij gq;fpk; re;jpu rl;lh;[p – Jh;Nfr ee;jpdp (1865)
jkpo; - gpujhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuk; - kha+uk; Ntjehafk; (1879)
njYq;fpy; - fe;J$hp tPNurypq;fk; ge;JY – uh[Nfu rhpj;jpuK 1880
kiyahsk; - mg;G neLq;fhb - Fz;lyjh – 1887
fd;dlk; - vk;.v];.Gl;lz;zh – kjpNjLd;Neh kfhuhah (1815)
589. Ntjehafk; - RFz Re;jhp (1887)
590. rp.k.eNlr rh];jphp -
jkpo; ehNlhbf; fijfis ,q;fpyhe;J ,jo;fspy; vOjp Vw;wk; je;jth;
jhdtd; - Jg;gwpAk; ehty; (1894)
33 PG TRB TAMIL

jPdjahS> jpf;fw;w ,U Foe;ijfs;> Nfhksk; FkhpahdJ> kjpnfl;l kidtp> jiyaiz

ke;jpNuhgNjrk;.
ehty; ,yf;fpa kh;kf;fij Kd;Ndhb
jd; E}Yf;F ehty; vd;W Kjd;Kjy; nrhy;yhz;lth;.
591. R.it. FU];thkp rh;kh- gpNukfyhtjpak;
592. jp.j.rutzKj;Jg;gps;is – Nkhfdhq;fp
jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; rhpj;jpu ehty; - tuyhw;Wg; Gjpd Kd;Ndhb
593. gp.Mh;.uh[k; Iah; - gpuGj;j ghujk; - Mq;fpy Ntjhe;j ,jopd; Mrphpah;.
594. fkyhk;ghs; rhpj;jpuk; my;yJ Mgj;Jf;fplkhd mgthjk;
njhlh;fijahf te;j Kjy; ehty;.
595. m.khjitah – gQ;rhkph;jk; khj ,jo; elj;jpdhh;
Gidngah; - NfhzNfhghyd;
gj;khtjp rhpj;jpuk; (1898) tp[akhh;j;jhz;lk; (1903) Kj;JkPdhl;rp> ghhp];lh; gQ;rehjk;>
Frpfh; Fl;bf;fijfs;
gj;khtjp – ngz;fy;tpia Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;lJ
tp[akhh;j;jhz;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp kwth;fspd; Kul;L tho;T gw;wpaJ
Kj;J kPdhl;rptpjit – jd; Jd;gj;ij; jhNd $WtJ.
‘jkpo;ehl;bd; jhf;fNu’
596. t.uh-ghujpapd; jiyikr; rPlh;
Re;jhp my;yJ me;jug; gpiog;G (1917) - tpjit kzj;ij tpje;NjhJtJ rpd;dr;rhk;G>
Nfhijj;jPT
597. N[.Mh;.uq;fuh[_ - Jg;gwpAk; Nfhtpe;jd;
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598. tLt+h; Jiurhkp Iaq;fhh; - ghyhkzp my;yJ ghf;jhj; jpUld;
Fk;gNfhzk; tf;fPy; my;yJ jpfk;gurhkpahh;
599. b.b.rhkp fUq;Fapy; Fd;wj;Jf; nfhiy
600. Nf.v];.Ntq;flukzp - KO Kjy; Njrpa ,af;f ehty; gilj;jth;
KUfd; xh; cotd;> Njrgf;jd; fe;jd;.
601. rq;fu uhk; - (b.vy;.eNlrd;)
kz;zhir – Kjy; KO fpuhkpa ehty;
602. Njtd; (Mh;.kfhNjtd;)
ikjpyp> [];b]; [fe;ehjd;> fy;ahzp> uh[j;jpd; kNdhujk;
kp];lh; Ntjhe;jk; - Jg;gwpAk; rhk;G
603. j.eh.FkhuRthkp -
tq;f vOj;jhsh;fisj; jkpOf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpath;> gq;fpk;> ruj; re;jpuh;
jh$hpd; 12 ehty;fs; 420 fijfs;> nkhopngah;j;Js;shh;
tq;fj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tpbnts;sp
604. mz;zh – Fkhpf;Nfhl;lk;> ghh;tjp gp.V>uq;Nfhd; uhjh> fNghjpGuf; fhjy;> Fkh];jhtpd;
ngz;> fypq;f uhzp
605. nfhj;jkq;fyk; Rg;G – jpy;yhdh Nkhfdhk;ghs;> uht; gfJ}h; rpq;fhuk;> ge;jey;Y}h;
ghkh> kp]; uhjh.
606. K.tujuhrd;
cyfg;Nghuhy; gh;khj; jkpoh; ele;Nj ,e;jpah tUtJ gw;wpaJ – me;j ehs; ilhp
Kiwapy; mike;jJ my;yp
gz;ila mfg;nghUs; Gjpa thh;g;G – ghit
607. e.rpjk;gu Rg;gpukzpad; -
,ja ehjk;> ehfkzp> kz;zpy; njhpAJ thdk;
608. tpe;jd; (Nfhtpe;jd;)> Ky;iyf; nfhbahs;>
34 PG TRB TAMIL

ghYk; ghitAk;> fz; jpwf;Fkh? Rak;tuk;> kdpjd; khwtpy;iy.

609. Mh;.rz;KfRe;juk;
ehfk;khs;> g+Tk; gpQ;Rk;> vjph;tPl;L [d;dy;> mWtil> Njd;kio>
rl;b Rl;lJ> khypdp> fhzhr;Rid> mopahf;Nfhyk;> khaj;jhfk;> tl;lhu ehty;fspd;
Kd;Ndhb.
610. jp.[hdfpuhkd; - rpWfijfs; - rptg;G hpf;\h> njhl;LNksk;> mf;gh; rh];jphp> ahJk;
CNu> gpb fUiz> rf;jp itj;jpak; (rh.mfhlkp tpUJ)
ehty;fs; - mkph;jk;> NkhfKs;> md;Ng MuKNj> mk;kh te;jhs;>caph;j;Njd;> nrk;gUj;jp>
kyh; kQ;rk;> kug;gR
611. mU.uhkehjd; - fjhehafp> mk;gpfhgjp> gioaD}h; ePyp- rpWfijfs;
tPughz;bad; kidtp> mNrhfd; fhjyp
612. n[frpw;gpad; (ghiyah)
[PtfPjk;> kz;zpd; Fuy;> fpspQ;ry; NfhGuk;> nrhh;f;fj;jpd; epoy;> fhty; nja;tk; - r%f
ehty;fs;
ehafp ew;Nrhiz> kfuaho; kq;if> gj;jpdpf; Nfhl;lk;> Mytha; mofd;>
jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;> ee;jpth;kd; fhjyp> re;jdj; jpyfk;.
tpNdhghtpd; g+kpjhd ,af;f tpsf;fNk – kz;zpd; Fuy;
rpwe;j rpWfijfs; - fbfhur; rpj;jh;> ehpf;Fwj;jp> nehz;bg; gps;isahh;
613. ehuz Jiuf;fz;zd;
capNuhtpak;> rPkhd; Raeyk;> jpahfj; jOk;G> GJikg;ngz;> juq;fpzp> jkpo; lhy;];lha;
vdyhk;
614. rhz;by;ad; - (gh\;ak;)
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Kjy; ehty; gyhj;fhuk; - jkpopy; Njhd;wpa rj;jpahfpufk; gw;wpa Kjy; ehty;
Kjy; tuyhw;W ehty; - [Ptg+kp
r%f ehty;fs; - nrz;gfj; Njhl;lk;> kdNkhfk;
atd uhzp> cjaghD> fd;dpkhlk;> kiythry;> [yhPgk;> uh[jPgk;> gy;yt jpyfk;>
fly;Gwh> kd;dd; kfs;.
615. f.eh.Rg;ukzpak;
grp> ngha;j;NjT> VONgh;> xU ehs;> mRufzk;> tpLjiyah> tho;ej ; th; nfl;lhy;> mtuth;
ghL - ehty;fs;
616. fh.=.=. (= epth]hr;rhhpahh;)
kuhl;ba fhz;Nlfhpd; ehty;fisj; jkpopy; jUgth;
fUfpa nkhl;L – nkhopngah;g;G Gfo; ngw;wJ.
617. j.eh.Nrdhgjp -
rhfpj;a mfhlkpf;fhfj; jh$h; E}y;fis nkhopngah;j;Js;shh;.
618. ckh re;jpud; (uhkr;re;jpud;)
Ks;Sk; kyUk;
619. rhtp (rh.tp];tehjd;) - nksdg; gps;isahh;> th\pq;ldpy; jpUkzk;> tprpwp thio
620. yh.r.uhkhkph;jk; - mgpjh> Gj;u
621. khahtp (v];.Nf.uhkd;)
622. vk;.tp.ntq;fl;uhk;
epj;jpa fd;dp> mUk;G> Nts;tpj; jP> fhJfs;> xUngz; NghuhLfpwhs;>
mk;ikNa mg;gh.
Nts;tpj;jP – nrsuhl;bu ,dj;jpd; rKjhar; rpj;jhpg;G
F.uh[NtY
‘1942’ (ehty;)> fhjy; J}q;FfpwJ. rhiy Xuk;> moF MLfpwJ> thdtPjp> fhe;jKs;> jq;fr;
Ruq;fk;> ,sNtdpy;> kfpok;g+
35 PG TRB TAMIL

K.t.tpd; ehty; thhpR ,th;.

623. Mh;.tp.(Mh;.Ntq;fluhkd;)
]tpjh> mizah tpsf;F>jpiuf;Fg; gpd;> kdpj epoy;fs;
Kjd;Kjy; jQ;ir khtl;l fpuhk tho;tpid tl;lhu kzk; fko vOjpath;
624. mfpyd; (gp.tp.mfpyhz;lk;)
ruspapd; [hjfk;> fhR kuk;>ngz;
ngz;ikf;F Kjyplk; je;J ehty; Gide;jth;
mz;il khepy tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpapy; - ntw;wpj; jpUefh;
ghz;bag; gpd;dzpapy; - fay;tpop
Nrhog; Nguuirg; gpd;Gykhff; nfhz;L – Ntq;ifapd; ike;jd;
GJik nts;sk; - fhe;jpak; fye;j fij
Mz;ngz; cwit mbehjkhff; nfhz;lJ - rpj;jpug; ghit – Xtpaf;fiy
ghit tpsf;F – vOj;Jf;fiy gw;wpaJ
Nejh[papd; tpLjiyg; gilia ikakpl;lJ – neQ;rpd; miyfs;
Jiztp> tho;T vq;Nf?
r%ff; nfhLikfisr; rhLtJ nghd;kyh;.
fhe;jpa elg;gpay; fij vq;Nf NghfpNwhk;?
kiyehl;L ug;gh; Njhl;lj; jkpoh; epiy – gha;kuf; fhl;bdpNy
625. fiyQh;
gof;$il> jd;dlf;fk;> tho Kbahjth;fs;> rq;fpypr;rhkp> fpotd; fij> mUk;G>
Kjiyfs;> jg;gptpl;lhh;fs;> eshapdp
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626. Gay;> Gijay;> nts;spf;fpoik> RUspkiy> thd;Nfhop> NuhkhGhpg; ghz;bad;> xU kuk;
g+j;jJ.
627. Nfhtp.kzpNrfud; - m[hjrj;U> nrk;gpad; nry;tp> nrQ;rp mguQ;rp> mNrhfr; rf;fuk;>
nghd; Nta;ej ; ngUkhs;> Flthapw; Nfhl;lk;> kapypwF> njd;dq;fPw;W> kNdhuQ;rpjk; -
130 ehty;fs;.
‘Gjpdg; NguuR’ – gl;lk;
628. uh.fp.uq;fuh[d; -
629. b.Nf.rPdpthrd; - rpd;d mz;zhj;Jiu vdr; nry;ykhf miof;fg;gLgth; MLk; khLk; -
rpwe;j ehty;
630. ,e;jpuh ghh;j;jrhujp - Kjy; ehty; fhy nts;sk;> je;jpu g+kp
FUjpg;Gdy;> rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ – fPo; ntz;kzpapd; ntspg;ghL> kdf;Fif.
631. u.R.ey;yngUkhs;
fy;Yf;Fs; <uk;> tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;l epfo;r;rpfs;> fhe;jPak;>
Nghuhl;lq;fs;> vz;zq;fs; khwyhk;
632. Re;ju uhkrhkp
,tiuj; jkpOf;F mwpKfk; nra;jth; njh.K.rp.
fhfq;fs; ,yf;fpa mikg;gpdh; - fhyr; RtL ,jopd; Njhw;Weh;.
KjYk; KbTk; - Kjy; fij
njhFg;Gfs;: mf;fiur; rPikapy;> gpurhjk;> gy;yf;Fj; J}f;fpfs;.
ehty;fs;: xU Gspa kuj;jpd; fij> N[.N[.rpy Fwpg;Gfs;
Foe;ijfs; ngz;fs; Mz;fs;
jfopapd; nrk;kPd>; Njhl;bapd; kfd; ,uz;ilAk; jkpohf;fk; nra;Js;shh;
gRta;ah vd;Dk; ngahpy; vOJgth; - ‘eLeprp eha;fs;’
633. G\;gh jq;fJiu vd;Dk; ngahpy; vOJthh; - = NtZNfhghyd;
634. mNrhfkpj;jpud; (jpahfuh[d;) - fizahop nghWg;ghrphpah;
fiue;j epoy;fs;> jz;zPh; 18tJ ml;rf;NfhL> Mfhaj;jhkiu> ,d;W>
36 PG TRB TAMIL

mg;ghtpd; rpNefpjh; (rh.mfhlkp tpUJ)

fiue;j epoy;fs; - jpiug;glj; njhopypd; khia gw;wpaJ
jz;zPh; - 69y; nrd;idapy; Vw;gl;l jz;zPh; gQ;rk;
635. kfhp\p (ghyRg;ukzpad;)
gdpkiy> kfhejp> Nkfepoy;> mf;fpdp tisak;> GOjpg; Gay;> Cdf;fdT>
jpiug;glkhd ehty;fs;: gdpkiy> gj;ufhsp> Gtdh xU Nfs;tpf;Fwp>
rha;ej; hlk;kh rha;e;jhL> tl;lj;Jf;Fs; rJuk;> ejpiaj; Njbte;j fly;> rf;fu tz;b> fly;
Eiu
636. eh.ghh;j;jrhujp – jPgk; ,jo;
637. rpWfijj; njhFjpfs;: Gjpa ghyk;> fq;if ,d;Dk; tw;wptpltpy;iy>
638. tyk;Ghpr; rq;F> kq;fpaNjhh; epytpdpNy> fhyj;Jf;F tzf;fk;> Ntdpy; kyh;fs;
639. ghz;bkh Njtp> kzp gy;ytk;> tQ;rp khefh;> fghlGuk;> epj;jpyty;yp> FwpQ;rp kyh;>
nghd;tpyq;F> Mj;khtpd; uhfq;fs;> rj;jpa nts;sk;> neQ;rd; fdy;> rKjha tPjp>
mdpr;rkyh;> ePy eadq;fspy;>
640. M.khjtd; - GdYk; kzYk;.
641. n[afhe;jd;> 24.04.1934 flY}h; kQ;rf;Fg;gk; - Nrh\yp];l;
tpLjiyf;F Kd; GJikg;gpj;jd; - rpWfij kd;dd;
tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd; n[afhe;jd; - rpWfij kd;dd;
cjak;> xUgpb NrhW> ,dpg;Gk; fhpg;Gk;> Njtd; tUthuh> Rikjhq;fp> khiy kaf;fk;>
Afre;jp> Gjpa thh;g;Gfs;> Rajhprdk;> ,we;j fhyq;fs;> FUgPlk;>rf;fuk; epw;gjpy;iy –
rpWfijj; njhFjpfs;
jphprq;F nrhh;f;fk;> ,utpy; - rpwe;j fijfs;
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Kjy; ehty;> ‘tho;f;if miof;fpwJ’
ghhpRf;Fg; Ngh – cd;idg; Nghy; xUtd;> ahUf;fhf mOjhd;.
rpy Neuq;fspy; rpy kdpjh;fs; - rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ n[an[a rq;fu>
hp\p %yk;> r%fk; vd;gJ ehYNgh;> xU kdpjd; xUtPL xU cs;sk;>
rpdpkhTf;Fg; Nghd rpj;jhS> xU ebif ehlfk; ghh;f;fpwhs;.
2005k; Mz;L QhdgPl tpUJ ngw;wth;
642. F.rpd;dg;g ghujp (rpd;dg;gd;)
jhfk;> rh;f;fiu> gtshap> rq;fk;
643. R[hjh (v];.uq;fuh[d;)
ieyhd; fapW> ePh;thz efuk;> fiunay;yhk; nrz;gfg; g+> nfhiyAjph; fhyk;> xU tpghPjf;
Nfhl;ghL> fdTj; njhopw;rhiy.
644. b.nry;tuh[; - kyUk; rUFk; - Nrhp kf;fs; gw;wpa Kjy; ehty;> NjePh; - Njapiyj;
njhopyhsh; epiy - %yjdk;
645. ePy gj;kehgd; – jiyKiwfs;> gs;spnfhz;lGuk;>cwTfs;> igy;fs;> kpd;Dyfk;
646. Irf; mUikuh[d; - fPwy;fs;
647. rh.fe;jrhkp – rhahtdk;> tprhuizf; fkp\d;
648. ehQ;rpy; ehld; - (f.Rg;ukzpak;) - jiyfPo; tpfpjq;fs;
649. yl;Rkp (jphpGu Re;jup)
650. Kjy; ehty; gthdp> ngz; kdk;> kpjpyh tpyh];> xU fhtphpiag; Nghy> fhQ;ridapd;>
rhfpj;a mfhlkp
651. mDj;jkh (uhN[];thp) – Kjy; ehty; xNu thh;j;ij
fiye;j fdT> Nfl;l tuk;> gpNuk fPjk;> kzy;tPL> RUjp Ngjk;
‘jkpo; ehl;bd; N[d; M];bd;’
652. ru];tjp uhk;ehj; jkpo; - ,e;jp; ,e;jp – jkpo;
653. n`g;rpgh N[Rjhrd; - Gj;jk; tPL> lhf;lh; nry;yg;gh> mdhij.
37 PG TRB TAMIL

654. uh[k; fpU\;zd; - FwpQ;rpj; Njd; - glfh; tho;f;if gw;wpaJ.

Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; mUQ;rhjid – mKjkhfp tUf.
655. Nfhth tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; - tisf;fuk;
fl;rpfs; tpisj;j murpay; Fog;gk; - NtUf;F ePh;
Ks;Sk; kyh;e;jJ – fk;gk; gs;sj;jhf;F nfhs;isah; jpUe;jpaJ gw;wpaJ.
ngz; Fuy;> Nuh[h ,jo;> Nrw;wpy; kdpjh;fs;
miytha;f; fiuapNy – kPdth; tho;T: fhpg;G kzpfs; cg;gsk;> jPg;ngl;bj; njhopw;rhiy
($l;Lf; FQ;Rfs;)
CrpAk; czh;Tk; cyfr; rpWfijg; Nghl;bapy; ghpR ngw;wJ
NtUf;F ePh; rhfpj;a mfhlkp ghpR ngw;wJ.
656. Nfhkfs; (uh[yl;Rkp) md;id g+kp> re;jd kyh;fs;.
rptrq;fhp – jphpNtzp rq;fkk;> Vd;> ejpapd; Ntfj;NjhL> 47 ehl;fs;.
657. jg;Gf; fzf;F> Rwh kPdf ; s;> xU rpq;fk; KayhfpwJ> tsh;j;j flh
658. ,e;Jkjp – jiuapy; ,wq;Fk; tpkhdq;fs;> tPizapy; cwq;Fk; uhfq;fs;> kz;zpy;
njhpAJ thdk;> neUg;G kyh;> fhfpjf; fg;gy;.
659. mZuhjh ukzd; - rpiw rpWfij rpwg;ghdJ.
660. Mq;fpy tuyhw;W ehtypd; je;ij thy;lh; ];fhl;- jkpopy; fy;fp
661. kdhaf;fd; Nfhl;il - <.ghyfpU\;z ehAL
662. nfhq;F tl;lhu ehty; - Mh;.\z;Kf Re;juk;> F.rpd;dg;g ghujp
663. ehfh;Nfhtpy;> jpUtde;jGuk; - ePy.gj;kehgd;> n`g;rpgh N[Rjhrd;
664. jQ;ir – jp.[hdfpuhkd;> g+it.v];.MWKfk;
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665. nerthsh; epiy gw;wpaJ gQ;Rk; grpAk; - njh.K.uFehjd;
666. fk;a+dprk; NgRtJ Irf; mUikuh[dpd; fPwy;fs;
667. $l;LwT ,af;fk; gw;wpaJ Rfp Rg;ukzpaj;jpd; ciof;Fk; fuq;fs;
668. gidNaWk; njhopyhsh; gw;wpaJ n`g;rpghtpd; Gj;jk; tPL
669. nrsuh\;buh; gw;wpaJ vk;.tp.ntq;fl;uhkpd; Nts;tpj; jP
670. tpLjiyg; gw;wp NgRk; ehty;fs;
miyNahir (fy;fp) 1942 (F.uh[NtY) tPLk; ntspAk; (ty;ypf; fz;zd;)
Mj;khtpd; uhfq;fs; (eh.gh.)fy;Yf;Fs; <uk; (u.R.ey;yngUkhs;)
tisf;fuk; (uh[k; fpU\;zd;) kz;zpy; njhpAJ thdk; (e.rpjk;gu Rg;ukzpad;) rPkhd;
Raeyk; ([Pth)
671. edNthil ehty;fs;;
rp.R.nry;yg;ghtpd; [Ptdhk;rk;> yh.rh.uhtpd; mgpjh> f.eh.Rtpd; mRu fzk;.
672. fhyj;jhy; Kjypd; Njhd;wpa ehty; Ntjehafk; - gpujhg Kjypahh;- (1879)
673. njhlh;fijahf tpNtf rpe;jhkzpapy; (1893) ehty; fkyhk;ghs; rhpj;jpuk;
674. ehty; tbt mikg;gpy; mike;j Kjy; ehty; fkyhk;ghs; rhpj;jpuk; (1893)
675. Kjy; tuyhw;W ehty;- rutzKj;Jg; gps;is – Nkhfdhq;fp (1895)
676. elg;gpay; cj;jpiaf; ifahz;l ehty;fs; fkyhk;ghs;> gj;khtjp rhpj;jpuk;
677. tpLjiy czh;it Neubahfg; Ngrpa ehty; gidag;g nrl;bahhpd; fhe;jpkjp
678. NjrPa ,af;f KO ehty; Nf.v];.Ntq;flukzp – Njrgf;jd; fe;jd; (1930)
679. KOf;f KOf;f fpuhkpa ehty; rq;fuuhkpd; kz;zhir (1940)
680. fbjehty; - kiwkiy - Nfhfpyhk;ghs; fbjq;fs; (1921)
681. mNrjdg; nghUisg; ghj;jpukhf;fpaJ – xU Gspakuj;jpd; fij (1966)
682. fpwpj;Jtf; FLk;gj;ijf; fUthff; nfhz;lJ kyNuh kzNkh (1953)
683. Fbkf;fs; ehty; - eh.gh.kzp gy;ytk; (1962)
684. GJf;ftpijapy; mike;j Gjpdk; - lhf;lh; uh.rPdpthrDilaJ
38 PG TRB TAMIL

685. Gjpa cyF gilj;j Gjpdk; t.uh.tpd; Nfhijj; jPT

686. khdpltpay; ehty; - uh[k; fpU\;zdpd; FwpQ;rpj;Njd; - (1963)
687. Kjy; ngz; ehtyhrphpia – fpUgh rj;jpaehjd;
688. rj;jpahf;fpufk; gw;wpa ehty; - gyhj;fhuk; - rhz;by;adpd; Kjy;ehty;
689. ghl;bidg;Nghy; Mr;rhpak; ghhpd;kpir ,y;iyalh – ghujp
690. ahopirahy; kjahidia mlf;fpatd; cjazd; - ngUq;fij.
691. gz;fshtd - ghiyaho; Kjypa E}w;W%d;W--103
692. vfpg;jpah; ahio - ‘eq;fh’ vd;wdh;.
693. ,irj;jkpOf;F mbg;gilahd Kjy; fUtp - Foy;
,jidf; fz;lth;fs; Ky;iy epy kf;fs; (ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil)
694. Fuy; (r-\l;[k;) Jj;jk; (hp-hp\pgk;) iff;fpis (f-fe;jhuk;) cio (k-kj;akk;) ,sp (g-
gQ;rkk;) tpshp (j-ijtjk;) jhuk; (ep-ep\hjk;) VOk; jkpo; Kiwapd
695. ghpghly; - ,irapd; ngah;> tFj;jth; ngah;> aho;> J}f;F> tz;zk; $WfpwJ.
fypj;njhifapy; tUk; jhopirg; gFjp ,irg;ghl;Nl
696. rpyk;gpd; thpg;ghly;fSk; FuitAk; ,iria ntspg;gLj;Jk;
697. ngUehiu> ngUq;FUF> gQ;rghujPak;> gQ;r kuG>,ir EZf;fk; - mbahh;f;F ey;yhuhy;
mwpag;gLk; ,ir ,yf;fz E}y;fs;
698. ehSk; ,d;dpirahy; jkpo; gug;gpath; jpUQhd rk;ge;jh;
699. jpUePyfz;laho;g;ghzhpd; kidtp kjq;f #shkzp - ,irg;Gyik
700. Njthuj;jhy; njhpatUk; gz;fs; 24.
701. NjthuKk; - jpUtha;nkhopAk; ,iragptpUj;jp nr;ajd
702. cjazd; thrpj;j aho; - Nfhlgjp
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703. Kjyhk; kNfe;jputh;kdpd; FLkpahd;kiyf; fy;ntl;L ,ir gw;wpaJ
704. ghzgj;jpuUf;fhf> ,iwtd; tpwFntl;bahfr; nrd;W ghbaJ rhjhhpg;gz;
705. jpUtpirg;gh - fz;luhjpj;jh;> fUt+h;j;Njth; Nghd;Nwhh;
706. Njthu %th; ghlhj rhsughzp vd;Dk; gz; jpUtpirg;ghtpy; cs;sJ
707. re;jj;jhy; mike;j Nfhapy; ehz;kzpkhiy gjpNdhuhe; jpUKiwapy; cs;s
mUzfphpahhpd; re;jg;ghf;fSf;F ,J Kd;Ndhb. jhsf; fiyf;F Ntjk;. jpUg
708. fy;yhlk; - ,irr; nra;jpfs; gy nfhz;lJ
709. Nrf;fpohh; rpwg;gpf;Fk; gz;fs; – Ky;iy> ,e;jsk;> gok; gQ;Ruk;
710. Nfhapy;fspy; Njthuj; jpUg;gjpq;fs; ghlr; nra;J Nghw;wpatd; uhruhrd;
711. rq;fPj uj;dhfuk; - tlnkhopE}y; – eprq;f rhuq;f Njth; - 14 gz;fs;
712. ehaf;f kuhl;ba kd;dh;fs; fhyj;jpy; cUthd ,irg;ghf;fs; - rhfpj;jpaq;fs;
uhfj;ij Kjyhff; nfhz;lJ rq;fPjk;> rq;fPjj;NjhL ghl;Lk; ,iztJ rhfpj;jpak;
713. rq;fPj Kk;%h;j;jpfs; - jpahifah;> rpahkh rh];jphpfs;> Kj;Jrhkp jPlr
; pjh;. rPhf
; hop
Kj;Jj;jhz;lth;> khhpKj;jhg; gps;is> mUzhryf; ftpuhah; Mfpa %tUk; fUehlf
rq;fPj Mjp Kk;%h;j;jpfs; vd;fpwhh; K.mUzhryk;
714. gs;S> FwtQ;rp - ,ir ,yf;fpaq;fs;
715. ,uhkypq;f mbfs; ehkhtsp> fPh;j;jdk;> fhtbr;rpe;J ghbAs;shh;
716. jkpopir ,af;fk; fz;lth; - uh[h rh; mz;zhkiy nrl;bahh;
nrd;idapy; jkpopirr; rq;fk; epWtpdhh; - jkpopirj; je;ij vdyhk;
717. jkpopirf; fhtyh; uh[h rh; mz;zhkiy nrl;bahh;
718. Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; - fUzhkph;j rhfuk;
719. tpGyhde;j mbfs; – aho;E}y;
720. NfhghyfpU\;z ghujpahh; - ,aw;gif ehadhh; rhpj;jpuk;> fhiuf;fhyk;ikahh;>
jpUePyfz;l ehadhh;> ee;jdhh; rhpj;jpuq;fs; midj;Jk; fPH;j;jidfs;
721. fe;jGuhzf; fPh;j;jid – ftp FQ;ru ghujpahh;
39 PG TRB TAMIL

722. nghpaGuhzf; fPh;j;jid – koit rpjk;gu ghujp

723. jpUtpisahlw; Guhzf; fPh;j;jid – koit R.Rg;ukzpa Iah;
724. Kr;rPh; nfhz;lJ rpe;J – fhtbr;rpe;J - mz;zhkiy nul;bahh;
725. jkpo;j; jpahifa;ah; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgth; - ghgehrk; rptd;
726. jkpo;j; jpahfuh[h; - Nahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh;.
ghujpahuhy; ftpNahfp vdg; ghuhl;lg;gl;lth;
727. ehlfk; - fiyf;F muR - mt;it jp.f.rz;Kfk;
728. cyfk; xU ehlf muq;fk; vd;wth; - ehuz Jiuf;fz;zh;
729. ehlfk;> ghku kf;fspd; gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;wth; ftpf;Fapy;> rNuh[pdpehAL
730. uh[uh[dpd; ntw;wp $WtJ - uh[uhN[];tu tp[ak;
731. g+k;Gypa+h; ehlfk; - fkyhya gl;lh;
732. Kjd;Kjy; Nkilapy; ebf;fg;ngw;w ehlfk; - lk;ghr;rhhp tpyhrk; mLj;J jhrpy;;jhh;
733. jkpo; ehlfj;jpd; jhjh jhj;jh – ethg; Nfhtpe;jrhkp uht;
734. Nfhtpe;j ftpuhah; - xl;l ehlfk;> fpU\;zrhkp nrl;bahh; - fhuhsh; fhh; fhj;j ehlfk;
735. eifr;Rit (KO) ehlfk; rdkNdhy;yhrpdp – ehuhaz Iah;
736. rq;fujh]; Rthkpfs;: mgpkd;A Re;jhp> my;yp mh;[_dh> ,yq;fhjfdk;> Nfhtyd;>
rjpmDRah> rj;jpathd; rhtpj;jphp> rjp RNyhrdh> rpWj;njhz;lh;> rpe;jhkzp> rPke;jpdp>
gtsf;nfhb>gpufyjh> ghJ\h gl;lhgpN\fk;> ghh;tjp fy;ahzk;> ey;yjq;fhs;> NuhkpNa
[_ypal;> rpk;giyd; Nghd;w XNu ,utpy; vOjpaJ mgpkd;A Re;jhp
kdpjiug; ghLtjpy;iy vd;w Nehd;G nfhz;lth;
jkpio tpiyf;F tpw;fr; rk;kjpf;f khl;Nld; vd;wth;
Qhdg; goj;ijg; gpope;J vd;Dk; ghliy vOjpath; ,tNu
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jkpo; ehlf Nkij> jkpo; ehlf cyfpd; je;ij> jkpo; ehlfg; NguwpQh;
ebg;Gf; fiyapd; Nguhrhd;> ehlf cyfpd; ,kakiy> ehlf cyfpy; Xh; ey;ypirg; Gyth;
jkpo; ehlfj; jiyikahrphpah; -- b.Nf.rz;Kfk;
737. ng.Re;juk;gps;is ypl;ld; gpuG jPl;ba The secret way kNdhd;kzp
738. ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; - &ghtjp> fyhtjp> khdtp[ak;
ehlf ,yf;fz E}y; - ehlftpay;
#h;g;gdif - ,Umq;fk;> Kj;jpuhuhl;rrk; - VO mq;fk;
739. gk;ky; rk;ge;j Kjypahh; - RFz tpyhr rig
Kjy; ehlfk; G\;gty;yp – rjpRNyhrdh> fhythp\p> aahjp> (Guhz)
rghgjp – vs;sy;; ,U ez;gh;fs;> kNdhfud;
Vkhe;j ,U jpUlh;fs;> fiyNah fhjNyh> nghd; tpyq;Ffs;> tp[auq;fk;> Fwkfs;>
jhrpg;ngz;
yPyhtjp RNyhrdh jkpopd; Kjy; ciueil ehlfk;
Jd;gpay; KbTfs; itj;J vOjp top fhl;bath;
jkpo; ehlfj; je;ij
740. jkpo; ehlf kWkyh;r;rpj; je;ij- Nkh#h; fe;jrhkp Kjypahh;
741. nj.ngh.fpU\;zrhkpg; ghtyh; - gjpgf;jp> fjhpd; ntw;wp> gk;gha; nkapy;> gQ;rhg; Nfrhp>
Njrpaf; nfhb
742. ehlf murp - ghyhkzp mk;ikahh; - KOf;f ngz;fisf; nfhz;L ehlfk;
mikj;jth;. ngl;Nuhkhf;]; tpsf;F ,th; ehlfq;fspy;jhd; mwpKfkhdJ.
ghyhkzp ];ng\y; uapy – khatuk; - Fk;gNfhzk;
743. mt;it jp.f.rz;Kfk; - cld;gpwg;Gfs;> rq;fud;>Kj;Jr;rhkp> gftjp> rh;.Mh;.Nf.rz;Kfk;
nrl;bahh;> <Nuhl;by; mt;it gl;lk; mspj;jhh;. jkpo; ehlfj; jiyikahrphpah;>
ehlff;fiy> vdJ ehlf tho;f;if> neQ;R nghWf;Fjpy;iyNa Mfpad E}y;fs;
40 PG TRB TAMIL

744. ethg; T.S.uh[khzpf;fk; - kJiu Njtp ghy tpNehj rq;fPj rig> rk;g+h;z uhkhazk;>
fpU\;zyPyh> gf;j uhkjh];> kNdhfuh> rf;jp yPyh> VRehjh;> jrhtjhuk;> rghpkiy =
Iag;gh> gf;j JUtd;> gf;jg; gpufyjh> N[hjp kd;dtd;
745. v];.tp.rf];uehkk;> Nrth ];Nl[; - ghQ;rhyp rgjk;
746. Nerdy; jpNal;lh]pd; Kjy; Guhz ehlfk; - ,yq;Nf];tud;> rhzf;fpa rgjk;>
Ntq;if khh;gd;> ehlf Kj;jiuad;> khypf;fhg+h;> #ugj;kd;> ,e;jpu[pj;> rpRghyd;>
JNuhzh;> tpRthkpj;jpuh;
747. Mh;.v];.kNdhfh; (yl;Rkp eurpk;kd;) nrhe;j Ch; khatuk;: gpwe;jJ ehkf;fy;
748. vk;.Mh;.uhjh - fPkhazk;> Ngg;gh; epa+];> gk;gha; nkapy;> yl;Rkpfhe;jd; jpUth&h;
jq;fuhrpd; uj;jf; fz;zPh; - Gfo; je;jJ
749. Nrh (uhkrhkp) - rhjy; ,y;iyNay; fhjy;> [l;[;nkz;l;> hprh;t;L> ahhplKk; nrhy;yhNj>
Vd; $lhJ? Neh;ik cwq;Fk; Neuk;> rk;gthkp ANf ANf> kdk; xU Fuq;F> ,utpy;
nrd;id> ,iwtd; ,we;Jtpl;lhdh? Nfhthb];> mz;lh; nrf;ulhp> fy;ahzp> ru];tjp
rgjk;> KfkJ gpd; Jf;sf;> ahUf;Fk; ntl;fkpy;iy> tha;ikNa nty;Yk;
750. Nf.ghyr;re;jh; - ehzy;> ePh;f;Fkpop> nkOFth;j;jp> vjph;ePr;ry;> Nk[h; re;jpufhe;j;> rh;th;
Re;juk;> rJuq;fk;
751. ghujpjhrd; ,uzpad; my;yJ ,izaw;w tPud;> nrskpad;> fw;fz;L> gbj;j ngz;fs;>
fiof;$j;jpapd; fhjy;> Nrujhz;ltk;> gprpuhe;ijahh;
752. gp.v];.,uhikah – NjNuhl;b kfd;> gpurpnld;l; gQ;rhl;ruk;> NghyP];fhud; kfs;>
ky;ypak; kq;fsk;> g+tpyq;F
753. J}ud; - kdf;Fif
754. mz;zh – re;jpNuhjak;> Xh; ,uT> Ntiyf;fhhp> re;jpuNkhfd; my;yJ rpth[p
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fz;l ,e;J rhk;uh[;[pak;> ePjpNjtd; kaf;fk;> fhjy; N[hjp> nrhh;f;fthry;> ,d;g xsp>
fz;zhapuj;jpd; cyfk;> ey;y jk;gp
‘rl;lk; xU ,Ul;liw – mjpy; tf;fPypd; thjk; xU tpsf;F’
jkpo;ehl;L ngh;dhl;\h> ,g;]d;> fhy;] ; ;nthh;j;jp
755. jp. [hdfpuhkd; - ehYNtyp epyk;> tbNtY thj;jpahh;> lhf;lUf;F kUe;J.
756. v];.b.Re;juk; - ftpapd; fdT> ek; jha;> tPu Rje;jpuk;> tPu kfh rf;jp
757. mU.uhkehjd; - ,uh[uh[Nrhod;> thdtpy;
758. ehuz Jiuf;fz;zd; - jPz;lhjhd; ahh;? khzpf;fthrfh;> [Ptfek;gp> capNuhtpak;
(ehty;) ehlfkhf;fg;gl;lJ.
759. jh.V.Qhd%h;j;jp - njspe;j ePNuhil> nghd;kyh;
760. ehNlhb – vk;.ntq;fl;uhkd;.
761. uh.Ntq;flhr;ryk; - ,kaj;jpy; ehk;> Kjy; Kof;fk;> jkpod; ngUik> ngz; ,kaj;jpy;
ehk; - rpyg;gjpfhu tQ;rpf; fhz;lj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ
762. fiyQh; - xNu Kj;jk; - J}f;FNkil> tpkyh my;yJ tpjitapd; fz;zPh;> ke;jpu
Fkhhp> kzp kFlk;> er;Rf;Nfhg;ig> rhe;jh my;yJ godpag;gd;> tho Kbahjth;fs;>
ehNd mwpthsp> nts;spf;fpoik> cd;idj;jhd; jk;gp> cja #hpad;> gug;gpuk;kk;>
fhfpjg;g+> rpyg;gjpfhuk;
xNu Kj;jk;> <oj;J epfo;r;rpfis itj;Jj; jPl;lg;gl;lJ
er;Rf;Nfhg;ig – ngz;zpd; kdThpik
763. KjpNahh; fy;tp gw;wpa ehlfk; - ,Ul;by; xU ntspr;rk; - gl;Lf;Nfhl;il FkhuNty;
md;gpd; miyfs;> tho;T ek; ifapy;
764. ,e;jpuh ghh;j;jrhujp - xsuq;frPg;> grp> Nghh;itfs;
765. Nfhky; Rthkpehjd; - Kjy; ehlfk; - Gjpa ghij
ngUkhNs rhl;rp> jz;zPh; jz;zPh;> xU ,e;jpaf; fdT> Fkhu tp[ak;>
uh[ guk;giu> ghY}l;b tsh;j;j fpsp
41 PG TRB TAMIL

766. Nfhuh (Nfh.uh[Re;juk;) kyUk; kJTk;> kjpa+fp kr;rhd;> rpghhprk;> gpQ;Rg;gok;>

jd;khdkh? ahh; fz;lJ> fz;zfpNah khjtp> ngz;rhjp> Kw;Wif> Mirj;jP> kiykL
767. Guhz ehlfq;fs;: gk;ky; 13 gilj;Js;shh;. mLj;J R.S.kNdhfh;
768. r%fk;: gk;kypd; nghd; tpyq;F jkpopd; Kjy; r%f ehlfk;. F.rh.fpU\;z%h;j;jp –
me;jkhd; ifjp> g.ePyfz;ld; - Ks;spy; Nuh[h> b.nry;tuh[; - Af rq;fkk;>
gp.v];.uhikah – gpurpnld;l; gQ;rhl;ruk;> jh.Nt.tPuhrhkpapd; nghd;FQ;R> mofg;gd; -
Kj;Jr;rpg;gp fhtphpehldpd; mf;fpdp rhl;rp.
; pUj;jk; - mz;zh – ey;y jk;gp> fiyQh; - J}f;FNkil> Nfhuh – rpghhprk;
769. rPhj
770. ,yf;fpa ehlfq;fs; - ghujpjhrd; – gprpuhe;ijahh;> fue;ijf; ftpauR – kzpNkfiy>
rpyg;gjpfhuk;> J}ud; - Mjp mj;jp> V.vd;.ngUkhs; - gPyptis> khddPif> godp –
mdpr;r mb> eluh[gps;is - GfNoe;jp> kiwkiyahh; – mk;gpfhgjp mkuhtjp>
rpj;jhde;jhpd; - tisahgjp>
771. ftpij ehlfq;fs; - ghpjpkhy; fiyQhpd; - khdtp[ak;> Re;juk;gps;is> kNdhd;kzPak;>
rp.v];.Kj;Jrhkp Iah; - tpRtehjk;> ghNte;jh; - rj;jpKj;jg; Gyth;> r.J.R.Nahfpapd;
fhkpdp> Gyth; Foe;ij – fhkQ;rhp> j.m.Re;juuhrd; - Ntq;ifapd; Nte;jd;> Vif
rptrz;Kfk; -fz;buh[h> fh.muq;frhkp> fdif> mk;ghgyp> Irf; mUikuhrdpd;
Ky;iy khlk;> neLkhdQ;rp .
772. tuyhW: mz;zh – rpth[p fz;l ,e;J rhk;uh[;[pak; fiyQh; - kzpkFlk;>
mU.uhkehjdpd; uh[uh[Nrhod;> v];.b.Re;juk; - ftpapd; fdT> Nt.rhkpehj rh;kh –
ghzGuj;J tPud;> rf;jp fpU\;zrhkp – tPughz;ba fl;lnghk;kd;> kJiu jpUkhh;gd; -
Ntq;if khh;gd;> fhlf Kj;jiuad;> Jiwa+h; %h;j;jp - ,yq;Nf];tud;> MW mofg;gd;>
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jpUkiy ehaf;fh;> jkpo;thzd; - Gypj;Njtd;
773. ieahz;b> fpe;jdhh; (vd;.v];.Nf.) fPkhazk; (vk;.Mh;.uhjh) re;jpu `hp (gk;ky;) -
`hpr;re;jpuDf;F KuzhdJ
774. jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ kzkf;fSf;nfd Nghlg;gl;l xNu ehlfk; tho;tpy; ,d;gk; mfpy
775. jOty;: The Secret Way – kNdhd;kzPak;. Nkj;a+ mh;dhy;bd; Sorab & Rusthum -
fhkQ;rhp
tq;fhs ehtiyj; jOtp – Fkh];jhtpd; ngz;- b.Nf.Kj;Jrhkp
epf;Nfhyha; NfhNfy; (u\;ah) ,d;];ngf;lh; n[duy; - gpurpnlz;l; gQ;rhl;ruk;
776. jkpo; ehlfj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;rr ; pAk; - V.vd;.ngUkhs;
777. ehlff;fiy vd;w jpq;fs; Vl;bid elj;jpath; - MW.mofg;gd;
778. Foe;ij vOj;jhsh; rq;fk; Njhw;Weh; –mo.ts;spag;gh - 1950y;
779. jkpopd; Kjy; Foe;ijg; gj;jphpif - 1840 - ghyjPgpif ghg;gh kyh;
780. mo.ts;spag;gh - Kjy; E}y; - kyUk; cs;sk;> ghl;bNy fhe;jp> ghg;ghTf;Fg; ghl;L>
nghpNahh; tho;tpNy> ey;y ez;gh;fs;> rpd;dQ;rpW tajpy;> gps;isg; gUtj;jpNy>
jkpopy; Foe;ij ,yf;fpa Kd;Ndhb
gps;isf; ftpauR> koiyf; ftpr;nrk;ky; – gl;lq;fs;
781. g+tz;zd;> ‘fUk;G’ Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jth;.
Foe;ij ,yf;fpa tuyhW vOjpath;.
fhNthpapd; md;G> Gyth; kfd;> ghl;Lj; Njhl;lk;> Gs;spkhd;> nghk;ik tz;b
gy;yt kd;dd;> Myk; tpOJ> uh[hkzp> md;G epiyak;
782. kapiy rptKj;J – Kj;Jg;ghly;fs; (,e;jpa murpd; ghpR) jq;f ehzak;> ey;y vWk;G>
ey;y Foe;ij> rptQhdk;
783. it.Nfhtpe;jd; (rf;jp fhhpahyak;) kha tpsf;F> ehd;F Kl;lhs;fs;
784. fy;tp NfhghyfpU\;zd; - ke;jputhjpapd; kfd;> gz;ila cyfpy; gwf;Fk; ghg;gh>
ghyh; fijf;fsQ;rpak;> #ug;Gyp> Fl;bf; fijf; fsQ;rpak;
42 PG TRB TAMIL

785. jzpif cyfehjd; - ghLk; ghg;gh> g+tpd; tpUe;J ‘ghg;ghtpd; ghtyh;’

786. Fo.fjpNurd; - vyp fbj;j g+id> XbahLk; gps;isfNs.
787. Mye;J}h; Nfh.Nkhfduq;fd; - nghd;dk;kh xU GJikg;ngz; - V.tp.vk;.ghpR ngw;w
ehlfk;> Fg;igNkl;Lg; g+idf;Fl;b> rphpj;j Kfq;fs;
788. kpd;D}h; rPdpthrd; - tz;z tz;z kPd;fs;
789. [py; [py;> Nfhkhsp> kpl;lha; - ,jo;fis elj;jpath; thdjp jpUehTf;fuR
790. ,yf;fpa Muha;r;rp - K.t
791. ,yf;fpaf; fiy – m.r.Qhdrk;ge;jd;
792. ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;tpay; - jh.V.Qhd%h;j;jp
793. ,yf;fpa tpkh;rdk; - njh.K.rp.uFehjd;
794. etPdj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa mwpKfk; - n[aNkhfd;
795. t.Rg.khzpf;fk; - jkpo;f;fhjy;> fk;gh;> njhy;fhg;gpaf; fly;> ts;Stk;.
796. jkpoz;zy; - rq;f ,yf;fpa xg;gPL> ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs;> xg;gpyf;fpa mwpKfk;
797. e.thdkhkiy – Muha;r;rp ,johrphpah;> jkpoh; ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;>
jkpoh; tuyhWk; gz;ghLk;> GJf;ftpij Kw;Nghf;Fk; gpw;Nghf;Fk;
798. nj.ngh.kP – A history of Tamil Language, History of Tamil Literature fhdy;thp.
799. njh.K.rp.uFehjd; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs; ahh;? ghujp fhyKk; fUj;Jk;> GJikg;gpj;jd;
tuyhW> fq;ifAk; fhtphpAk;
800. ,.Re;ju%h;j;jp – eilapay; mwpKfk;> ghujp eilapay;
801. jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp jpl;lj;jpy; ngUk;gzp Mw;wpath; v];.itahGhpg; gps;is
802. ,yf;fpar; rpe;jidfs;> fhtpa fhyk; - v];.itahGhpg;gps;is
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803. xsit ehlfk; (,d;Fyhg;)
804. Gyp MLfs;> gtsf;nfhb - Nf.V.FzNrfud;> rhgk;? tpNkhrdk;? – K.,uhkrhkp
805. Mh;.v];.kNdhfh; - ,yq;Nf];tud;> rhzf;fpa rgjk;> khypf;fhg+h;
806. kzpf;nfhb Mrphpah; - gp.v];.,uhikah
807. thf;Fk; tf;Fk; - (ehlfk;) GJikg;gpj;jd;
808. ,e;jpuh ghh;j;jrhujp – grp> xsuq;frPg; - uhkhD[h; (ru];tjp rk;khd;)
809. a+kh thRfp (khhpKj;J) – Njhoik ,Us;> cdf;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk;> mKj tyk;Ghpaha;
mize;jnjhU rq;F> caph;j;jpUj;jy; (rpWfijfs;)
810. ghg;Nyh mwpTf;Fapy; - fpSf;fp> jpirnaq;Fk; kpd;kpdpfs; (rp)
811. n[aNkhfd; - Mapuq;fhy; kz;lgk;> jpirfspd; eLNt> kz; (rp)
812. fd;dpthb – f.rP.rptFkhh; Mjz;lhh; Nfhapy; Fjpiu – fz;kzp FzNrfud;; jfg;gd;
nfhb – mofpa nghpatd;;
813. mk;ig – tPl;bd; %iyapy; xU rikayiw> fhl;by; xU khd;
814. njf;fj;jp Mj;khf;fs; - (eh)gh.nrag;gpufhrk;
815. Nkyhz;ik nghd;Drhkp – khDlg; gputhfk;> rpg;gpfs;> g+f;fhj khiy> caph;f; fhw;W
(rp)
816. jp.[hdfpuhkd; - nfhl;LNksk;> rptg;G hpf;\h> kdpjhgpkhdk;> vUikg; nghq;fy;> rf;jp
itj;jpak;> mf;gh; rh];jphp> ahJk; CNu> gpb fUiz (rp)
817. fhfq;fs; (rp) - Re;ju uhk%h;j;jp
818. K.t. – tpLjiyah? Fwl;il xyp
819. vOj;J ,johrphpah; rp.R.nry;yg;gh
820. F.g.uh.NthL Nrh;j;J ,ul;ilah; vdg;gLgth; - fhpr;rhd;> FQ;R khDlk; ntd;wjk;kh>
nrhuiz> Mz;fs; (rp)
821. e.rpjk;gu Rg;gpukzpad; - rf;futhfk;> #hpa fhe;jp> tU\g; gpwg;G
822. kzpf;nfhb 1933 – 1938
43 PG TRB TAMIL

823. GaypNy xU Njhzp> flYf;F mg;ghy; - g.rpq;fhuk;

824. rPNuh bfphp – rhU epNtjpjh
825. gioad fopjy;> Mde;jhap – rptfhkp
826. cg;G tay;> thq;fy; - =ju fNzrd;
827. NfhNtW fOijfs;> MWKfk;> nrly; - ,ikak;
828. CUk; NrhpAk; - rpj;jypq;ifah
829. mQ;riy nts;nsUf;F> fz;kzp FzNrfud;
830. jpyftjp – kpd;dw;g+f;fs;> fy;kuk;> thh;j;ij jtwptpl;lha;.
831. g+kzp – ntf;if> gpwF> ieNtj;ak; – fUNtyk; g+f;fs; jpiug;glk; ,af;fk;
832. a+khthRfp – uj;j cwT
833. n[aNkhfd; – tp\;ZGuk;> fd;dpahFkhp> ug;gh;> Vohk; cyfk;
834. tz;zepytd; - fly;Guj;jpy;> nuapdp]; Iah; njU> fk;gh ejp
835. ehQ;rpy; ehld; - jiyfPo; tpfpjq;fs;
836. Njhg;gpy; Kfk;kJ kPuhd; - $dd; Njhg;G> JiwKfk;> rha;T ehw;fhyp> xU flNyhuf;
fpuhkj;jpd; fij
837. rh.fe;jrhkp – rhahtdk;> njhiye;J Nghdth;fs;> #hpa tk;rk;> tprhuizf; fkprd;>
vl;lhtJ fly;
838. gpugQ;rd; - thdk; trg;gLk;> kfhejp> re;jpah> fhfpj kdpjh;fs;>
839. [p.ehfuh[d; - ehis kw;nwhU ehNs
840. nghd;dPyd; - Gjpa jhprdq;fs;> fhpry;> Njly;> Cw;wpy; kyh;ej; J.
841. kf;rPk; fhh;f;fpapd; Gjpdj;ijj; jha; vd;w ngahpy; nkhop ngah;j;jth; njh.K.rp
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842. yh.rh.uhkhkph;jk; - fy; rphpj;jJ> rpe;jhejp> ghw;fly;
843. vOj;Jf;fspd; mfu epuy;gb nrhw;fisj; njhFj;Jg; nghUs; $WtJ mfuhjp
844. khzpg;gha; mfuhjp – re;jpuNrfu gz;bjh; 1842
e.fjpiuNtw;gps;is – jkpo;nkhop mfuhjp> jkpo;r; nrhy;yfuhjp
845. nrhw;fs;> nrhw;nghUs; Nghd;wtw;iw E}w;gh tbtpy; jUtd epfz;Lfs;
846. nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; $Wk; mfuhjpapd; njhlf;fk; chpapay; - njhy;fhg;gpah;
847. Kjy; epfz;L – jpthfuk;
848. gd;dpU glyk; - Gwg;nghUs; E}y;
849. mWtif ,yf;fzk; (Gyik) - jz;;lghzp
850. jkpoh;fspd; jhafk; - ny%hpah
851. fy;Njhd;wp kz;Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj – Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy
852. fd;dlKk; fspnjYq;Fk; ftpd;kiyahsKk; - Re;juk;gps;is
853. ,dpikAk; ePh;ikAk; jkpo; vdyhFk; - gpq;fy epfz;L
854. ,Ue;jkpNo cd;dhy; ,Ue;Njd; - jkpo;tpL J}J
855. jd;Ndhp yhj jkpo; - jz;bayq;fhuk;
856. rq;fj; jkpo; %d;Wk;jh vd;wth; xsitahh;
857. kJuhGhpr; rq;fk; itj;Jk;> khghujk; jkpo;g;gLj;Jk; - rpd;dkD}h;r; nrg;NgL
858. rq;fk; vd;gJ tlnkhopr; nrhy;
859. njhy;fhg;gpak; - %d;W mjpfhuk;> 27 ,ay;fs;> 1610 E}w;ghf;fs;
860. kuG vd KbAk; ,ay;fs; 4. E}d;nkhop> njhif> tpsp
861. rq;f ,yf;fpag; ghly; vz;zpf;if 2381
862. vz;nghUe;njhif – vl;Lj;njhif
863. fypj;njhif flTs; tho;j;J – ey;ye;Jtdhh;
864. ew;wpiz> FWe;njhif> Iq;FWE}W> mfk;> Gwk; - ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;
44 PG TRB TAMIL

865. ew;wpiz – ciu gjpg;G gpd;dj;J}H ehuhazrhkp Iah; (1914) xsit

Jiurhkpg;gps;is
866. FWe;njhifiag; gjpg;gpj;jth; jp.nrs.muq;fdhh; (1925) c.Nt.rh.(1937)
867. Iq;FWE}W - c.Nt.rh.Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;jhh;
868. mfehD}w;Wf;Fg; ghapuk; ghbath; tpy;ytjiuad;
Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;jth; - Nt.uh[Nfhghy; Iah;
869. fypg;gh – fypj;njhif – rpw;nwy;iy 11- Ngnuy;iy 80 mb.
iff;fpis> ngUe;jpiz> klNyWjy; - Jiwfs; ghLnghUshf cs;sd.
fhkd; topghL> MWgil tPLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;
rp.it.jh – 1887 ypYk; mde;juhkh; 1925ypYk; gjpg;gpj;Js;sdh;
870. gjpw;Wg;gj;jpd; Kjy; gj;J - cjpaQ;Nruy;> ,Wjpg;gj;J - ahidf;fl;Nra;
khe;juQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiwahf ,Uf;fyhk;
871. ,Uk;Gf; fliy – gjpw;Wg;gj;J
872. ,irg;ghl;L- ghpghly;
873. vl;Lj;njhifapy; mfk; 5> Gwk; 2> mfk;Gwk; 1
874. gj;Jg;ghl;Ls; mfk; 3> Gwk; 1> mfk;Gwk; 1> Mw;Wg;gil 5.
875. Mw;Wg;gil - ,utyid topelj;Jjy;
876. tPL ngWtjw;fhf Mw;Wg;gLj;JtJ – jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil
877. ghl;Lilj; jiytd; ngauhy; mike;jJ jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil
878. nghUeuhw;Wg;gil - Nghh;f;fsk; ghLeh; gw;wpaJ
fhpfhyDila ntz;zpg; gwe;jiy ntw;wpia tpae;J ghLtJ
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879. ghzhW – ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
45 PG TRB TAMIL

ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; E}y;fs;
thpir ntspahd Mrphpah; ngah; E}ypd; ngah;
vz; Mz;L
1. CHARLES E.GOVER THE FOLKSONGS OF
SOUTHERN INDIA
2. 1943 K.mUzhryk; fhw;wpNy kpje;j ftpij
3. 1952 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; kr;RtPL
4. 1952 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; Foe;ij cyfk;
5. 1956 jkpoz;zy; jhyhl;L
6. 1958 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; kiyaUtp
7 1964 eh.thdkhkiy jkpoh; ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;
8 1965 K.it.mutpe;jd; jkpof ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;
9 1966 MW.mofg;gd; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fs;
10 1966 nr.md;dfhK Vl;by; vOjhf; ftpijfs;
11 1967 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; ehNlhb ,yf;fpak;
12 1967 mo.ts;spag;gh ghku kf;fspd; guk;giug;
ghly;fs;
13 1967 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; fQ;rpapYk; ,d;gk;
14 1972 MW.mofg;gd; jhyhl;Lf;fs; 500
15 1973 MW.mofg;gd; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; -
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jpwdha;T
16 1975 gh.uh.Rg;gpukzpad; jkpof ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;
17 1975 ,uhk.nghpa fUg;gd; gpiw njhOk; ngz;fs;
18 1977 K.it.mutpe;jd; jkpof ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;
19 1978 fh.fpU\;zrhkp nfhq;F ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;
20 1978 kh.tujuhrd; jkpof ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;
21 1978 R.rz;KfRe;juk; jkpof ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;
22 1981 Nk.Re;juk; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;
23 1982 V.vd;.ngUkhs; Fk;kpg; ghly;fs;
24 1983 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; Vw;wg; ghl;Lf;fs;
25 1983 C.K.NtYg;gps;is kiyehl;L kf;fs; ghly;fs;
26 1983 fp.th.[fe;ehjd; jpUkzg; ghly;fs;
27 1983 kh.tujuhrd; jkpof ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;
28 1984 Nydh jkpo;thzd; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;
29 1985 kh.tujuhrd; jkpofj; njk;khq;Fg; ghly;fs;
30 1985 rp.Uf;kzp Nga; Xl;Lk; cLf;fbg;
ghly;fs;
31 ng.J}ud; fhw;wpy; te;j ftpij
46 PG TRB TAMIL

1. fhR kuk; - ehtyhrphpah; mfpyd;

2. Njtd; tUthuh? - ehtyhrphpah; n[afhe;jd;
3. ehtypd; jhafk; ,j;jhyp
4. ghyghujp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; rhj;J}H; Rg;ukz;a Nahfp
5. Njd;kio (ftpij) – Rujh
6. trdeil ifte;j ty;yhsh; vdg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQuhy; ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; - MWKf
ehtyh;
7. jpuhtplg; gpufhrpif vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - rghgjp ehtyh;
8. goe;jkpo; E}y;fisg; gjpg;gpg;gjpy; Kd;Ndhb rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is
9. c.Nt.rh.tpd; Kjy; gjpg;G E}y; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp
10. Mq;fpy murhy; c.N.rh.Tf;F mspf;fg;gl;l gl;lk; kfh kNfhghj;aha
11. kiwkiy mbfs; Mrphpauhf ,Ue;j Mq;fpy ,jo; The Ocean of wisdoms
12. kiwkiy vOjpa Mq;fpy E}y; Ancient and Modern Tamil Poets
13. jkpo;ff
; hjy; - t.Rg.khzpf;fk;
14. GJikg; gpj;jd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iwg; gilj;jth; rpjk;gu uFehjd;
15. etPd fk;gh; vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is
16. QhdNghjpdp ,johrphpah; - - ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;
17. khzpf;fh; Mw;Wg;gil> njd;jpy;iy cyh>njd;jpy;iyf; fyk;gfk;> fsg;gho;g; Guhzk;
ghbath; - gpd;dj;J}h; ehuhazrhkp Iah;
18. Nrf;];gpahpd; rpk;giyd; vd;w ehlfj;ij jkpopy; vOjp ebj;jth; ryrNyhrdr;
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nrl;bahh;
19. jkpo; ehty; Jiwapy; cs;sPL> tbT Mfpa ,UtifapYk; GJikia tsh;j;jth;
khjitah
20. khjitah elj;jpa ,jo; - gQ;rhkph;jk;
21. khjitahtpd; Gidngah; NfhzNfhghyd;
22. 1942y; eilngw;w Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;ij itj;J vOjg;gl;l ehty; jpahfj; jOk;G –
ehuz.Jiuf;fz;zd;
23. Nejh[papd; tpLjiyg; gilia mikj;J vOjg;gl;l ehty; neQ;rpd; miyfs;
24. vOj;jhsh;fspd; Nghuhl;lq;fis czh;r;rp fye;j eilapy; tpsf;Fk; ehty; ghit
tpsf;F
25. Ntq;ifapd; ike;jd; - Nrhoh; ; fay;tpop – ghz;bah;; ntw;wpj;jpUefh; tp[aefug;
NguuR
26. Njtd; vd;Dk; GidngaUilath; kfhNjtd; - kp];lh; Ntjhe;jk;
27. njd; jpUtpjhq;$h; jkpohpd; Ngr;R nkhopapy; fij vOJgth; n`g;rpgh N[Rjhrd;-
Gj;jk; tPL> lhf;lh; nry;yg;gh
28. nfhq;Fehl;Lg; Ngr;Rnkhopiaf; nfhz;L R.rz;KfRe;juk; vOjpait ‘g+Tk; gpQ;Rk;’>
‘ehfk;khs;’> ‘mopahf; Nfhyk;’
29. [y;ypf;fl;L vUjhl;lj;ij itj;J rp.R.nry;yg;gh vOjpaJ ‘thbthry;’
30. gQ;Rk; grpAk; - njh.K.rp.uFehjd;
31. etje;jpuf; fijfs; - ghujpahh;
32. Rq;fk; jtph;j;j Nrhod; - Kjyhk; uhNre;jpud;
33. rpyg;gjpfhuk; gw;wp nj.ngh.kP vOjpa E}y; - fhdy; thp
34. fgpyuJ E}iyf; fgpyk; vd;W $WtJ MFngah;
35. Kd;wpy; vd;Dk; nrhy; ,yf;fzg; Nghyp
36. m.r.Qhdrk;ge;jd; ghh;itapy; nghpa Guhzk; Njrpa ,yf;fpak;
47 PG TRB TAMIL

37. fsg;gpuh;fspd; rkak; MrPtfk;

38. fstop ehw;gJ vd;Dk; E}y; $Wk; nra;jp – Nghh;
39. ifyhrgjpapd; jpwdha;tpy; kpFe;jpUg;gJ - cUttpay;
40. m/wpizg; ngah; tpsp Vw;Fk;NghJ Vfhuk; ngWk;.
41. jkpohpd; jhafk; vd;gJ Fkhpf;fz;lk;
42. itahGhpg;gps;isapd; jpwdha;tpy; fUj;J NtWghl;bw;F chpajhf miktJ mtuJ
gpd;Gy Ma;T
43. gpuha;bd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; jpwdha;T mZFKiw – cstpay;
44. mirr; nrhy; vd;gJ ,ilr;nrhy;
45. rhkNtjrhuk; vd;W ghuhl;lg;gLk; E}y; - jpUtha;nkhop
46. ,ul;ilg; Gyth;fs; fgpyguzh;
47. cs;Siw nja;tk; xope;j fUg;nghUis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tUk;
48. njhy;fhg;gpak; xU tpsf;fKiw ,yf;fzk;
49. Rg;ukzpa rpth xU Gul;rpahsh;
50. Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Kjd;ik Nehf;fk; - ,utyid topelj;jy;
51. fbif vd;gjd; nghUs; mwepiyak;
52. F.g.uhtpd; Nrhjidf; fijfspd; mbj;jsk; - ghypay;
53. jiyjLkhw;wk; vd;gJ cj;jptiffSs; xd;W
54. Nfhapy; xOF Fwpg;gpLk; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpapy; ,lk; ngWgth; tp[aefu kd;dh;
55. fy;fpapd; miyNahir Fwpg;gpLk; tuyhw;Wf; fhyk; - tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk;
56. mWrkaf; nfhs;ifia cUthf;fpath; Mjprq;fuh;
57. jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; ehty;fspy; nghpJk; fhzg;gLk; gpd;dzp - jQ;ir
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58. Nfhtpy;fspy; ,iwtDf;Fg; gzp nra;j kfsphpd; ngah; cUj;jpufzpifah;
59. jpUehisg; Nghthh; vdg; ngah; ngw;wth; ee;jdhh;
60. Nfhthtpd; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; uh[k; fpU\;zdpd; ehty;
tisf;fuk;
62. ehty;fs; ,uz;L Njhd;wf; fhuzkhd n[afhe;jdpd; rpWfij mf;fpdpg; gpuNtrk;
63. jpUtuq;ff; Nfhapypd; Fjpiu kz;lgj;ijf; fl;bath; - tp[aefu kd;dh;fs;
64. fPo;ntz;kzpr; rk;gtj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vOe;j ehty; FUjpg;Gdy;
65. jpUTil kd;didf; fhzpy; jpUkhiyf; fz;Nld; vd;wth;
66. rhz;by;adpd; ,uhgh;l; fpist; gw;wpa tuyhw;W ehty; uh[Nghpif
67. K.t.tpd; filrp E}y; thlhkyh;
68. ee;jp vd;Dk; Gidngah; nfhz;l vOj;jhsh; rptQhd Re;juk;
69. 1985k; Mz;L mz;zhkiy murh; ghpR ngw;w ghyFkhud; ehty; ,Uk;Gf; Fjpiufs;
70. fiyQhpd; jd; tuyhw;W E}y; - neQ;Rf;F ePjp
71. fhg;gpag;ghl;L vdg;gLtJ FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L
72. jkpo;f;Fkhp – r.J.R.Nahfpahh;
73. trd ftpijapd; Kd;Ndhb – ghujpahh; (fhl;rpfs;)
74. tQ;rp neLk;ghl;L – gl;bdg;ghiy
75. nrhy;ypd; nry;th; - uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is
76. rpd;D}y; - Nekpehjk;
77. mQ;Qhdk;> fk;gd; GSFk; thy;kPfpapd; tha;ikAk; ,tw;wpd; Mrphpah;
M.Nt.khzpf;fehaf;fh;
78. jpUts;Stiu kd;gijg; ngUk;ghftjh; vdg; ghuhl;bath; Nghg;
79. Gyd; vd;gJ gs;S
80. Njhy; vd;Dk; tdg;gpw;F cjhuzk; $j;juhw;Wg;gil
48 PG TRB TAMIL

81. Vfkjepuhfuzk; vd;w E}iy vOjpath; - rptg;gpufhr Rthkpfs;

82. Njrpf tpehafhpd; ftp;g;ngUik jpdKk; Nfl;gnjd; nrtpg;ngUik vdf; ftpkzpiag;
Gfo;e;jth; ehkf;fy; ftpQh;
83. gpwnkhop ehty;fisj; jkpo; nkhopapy; ngah;f;Fk; gzpiar; nra;JtUk; epWtdk; -
njd;dpe;jpa Gj;jf mwepiyak;
84. epuk;igah; fhtyh; - mbahh;f;F ey;yhh;
85. Mq;fpyj;jpy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;iw Kjypy; vOjpath; g+h;zypq;fk;gps;is
86. Kjy; nkhopE}y; vOjpath; - gp.rh.Rg;ukz;a rh];jphp
87. ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;Tj; Jiwf;F mbNfhypath; - t.Nt.R.Iah;
88. Kjy; gaz ,yf;fpak; - fhrp ahj;jpiu - VWFy tPuhrhkp Iah;
89. kad; vd;Dk; GidngaUilath; - f.eh.Rg;ukzpak;
90. ehzy; vd;Dk; GidngaUilath; - m.rPdpthruhftd;
91. NkUke;jpu Guhzk; - thkdhrhhpahh;
92. rptrq;fpu rq;fPij – fe;jGuhzk;
`hyh];a kfhj;kpak; - jpUtpisahly; Guhzk;
93. ed;D}y; tpUj;jpAiu – rq;fu ekr;rpthah;; fhz;bif – MWKf ehtyh;
94. rq;fPj uj;jdhfuk; vd;w ,ir ehlf E}iy vOjpath; - eprq;f rhuq;f
95. fUzhkph;j rhfuk; vd;w ,irj;jkpo; E}iy vOjpath; - Mgpu`hk; gz;bjh;
96. jkpopd; Kjy; r%f ehlfk; - lk;ghr;rhhp tpyhrk; - fhrptpRtehj Kjypahh;
97. jkpopd; Kjy; ciueil ehlfk; - gpujhg re;jpu tpyhrk; - uhkrhkp uhR
98. mdpr;r mb E}yhrphpah; - M.godp
99. ciueilapy; vOjp mr;rplg;ngw;w Kjy; ehlfk; - yPyhtjp RNyhrdh (gk;ky;)
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100. jpt;aftp> mofpa kzthsjhrh; - gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;
101. mr;Rf;fiy E}yhrphpah; - kh.R.rk;ge;jd;
102. gjpg;Gf; fiy – tpehafg; gps;is
103. vOj;jpd; fiy – K.tujuhrdhh;
104. ,e;jpa ,jo;fs; - kh.uh.,sq;Nfhtd;
105. nra;jp Clfk; - godp muq;frhkp
106. njd;dhl;L jh$h; - Nf.v];.Ntq;flukzp
107. gpNukfhuk; Mrphpah; - v];.,uhikah
108. kj;jtpyhrg; gpufldk; - kNfe;jputh;kd;
109. jkpio Kjd;Kjypy; INuhg;gpah; tpspj;j Kiw – jKs;
110. $j;Jg; gl;liwia epWtpath; - eh.Kj;Jrhkp
111. kio ehlfhrphpah; -- ,e;jpuh ghh;j;jrhujp
112. Muha;;r;rp vd;w ,jo; ntspaPl;lhsh; - eh.thdkhkiy
113. ahg;gpy; nra;Aspd; Xir msT vd;d? Xh; myF
114. Ma;j vOj;jpd; ,Utif - Kw;wha;jk;> Fw;wha;jk;
115. njhy;fhg;gpah; $Wk; vr;rq;fs; - 10
116. ,sk;g+uzhh; fUj;Jg;gb ‘xy;’ vd;w vOj;J - ,ir vr;rk;
117. ,opjpiz vd;W $wg;gLtJ m/wpiz
118. ngah;rn; rhw;fs; cUNgw;gjhy; nghUis Ntw;Wikg;gLj;Jk;
119. Qhdujk; - Mrphpah; - ghujp
120. ,];yhkpaj; jhAkhdth; - Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG
121. Fl;bj; jpUthrfk; - jpUf;fUitg; gjpw;Wg;gj;je;jhjp
122. nghUs; jUk; kpfr;rpwpa xypaf;$W cUgd;
123. g+ypj;Njtd; murhz;l Ch; new;fl;Lr; Nrty;
124. thSk; ts;Stk; - th.nr.Foe;ijrhkp
49 PG TRB TAMIL

125. Fuq;Fehjh; Nfhtpypd; ,Ug;gplk;- =epthr ey;Y}h;

126. njhopyhsh; ,af;fj;jpy; <Lgl;l jkpowpQh; - jpU.tp.f
127. jpUntO$w;wpUf;if vd;gJ – rpj;jpuf;ftp
128. njhy;fhg;gpar; #j;jpu tpUe;jpd; Mrphpah; rptQhdKdpth;
129. tpLjiyapd; gpd; jkpof Kjy; muritf; ftpQh; - ehkf;fy; ftpQh;
130. ny%hpah kdpj ehfhpfj;jpd; njhl;by; vd;wth; - ];fhl; vypal;
131. Ky;iyAk; FwpQ;rpAk; Kiwikapy; jphpe;jJ ghiy – rpyg;gjpfhuk;
132. ghzhW – ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
133. neQ;rhw;Wg;gil – Ky;iyg;ghl;L
134. $lw;wkpo;- kJiuf;fhQ;rp
135. er;rpdhh;ff
; pdpah; Fwpg;gpLk; ngUq;FwpQ;rp vd;gJ - FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L
136. tPukhKdptuhy; ‘jkpo;f; ftpQUs; murh;’ vd;wiof;fg;gl;lth; - jpUj;jf;fNjth;
137. NkUke;jpuGuhzk; - thkdhrhhpahh;
138. jkpo; tpahrh; - ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
139. ed;D}y; Njhd;wf; fhuzkhapUe;jth; rPafq;fd;
140. khNjtbfs; vd;W fy;ntl;L rpwg;gpf;Fk; egh; - Nrf;fpohh;
141. rUtQ;Q ftp> fhsf;ftp vd;W ngah; ngw;wth; - xl;lf;$j;jh;
142. ,uhkhD[ E}w;we;jhjp – jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh;
143. ml;lhjr ufrpak; - gps;is Nyhfhrhhpahh;
144. itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp – a+fpKdp
145. GyT Jwe;j nghpNahd; vdg; ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; - ,sk;g+uzhh;
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146. ,uFtk;rj;ijj; jkpopy; je;jth; murNfrhp
147. fhrpf;fhz;lk; - mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;
148. ftpuhl;r]h; - fr;rpag;g Kdpth;
149. FUkfhj;kpak; E}yhrphpah; - jpUf;FUifg; ngUkhs; ftpuhah;
150. jpuhtpl khghbak; vdg;gLtJ – rptQhdNghjk;
151. nrhf;fehj ntz;ghit mUspath; = FUQhd rk;ge;jh;
152. fw;gidf; fsQ;rpak; - rptg;gpufhrh;
153. m\;lg;gpuge;jj;jpd; Mrphpah; - gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;
154. ,e;jpuhad; gilg;Nghh; - Mrphpah; - mypahh; Gyth;
155. gaz ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhd rhfpj;a mfhlkp ghpR - mf;fiur; rPikapNy – kP.g.NrhK
156. jd; tuyhw;Wf;fhd rhfpj;a mfhlkp - rpe;jhejp - yh.r.uhkhkph;jk;
157. N[hjp vd;w Gidngahpy; kiwe;jpUg;gth; fp.th.[fe;ehjd;
158. ,d;nlyf;Rty; ftp – b.Nf.Jiurhkp
159. xU Gy;yhq;Foy; mLg;g+JfpwJ - ehlfhrphpah; - nksyp
160. Kr;rq;fk; KOg;ngha; - K.N.rptuh[gps;is> P.T.rPdpthr Iaq;fhh;
161. njd; jkpo; ehl;L jPJjPh; kJiu – rpyg;gjpfhuk;
162. nja;tKk; cz;L nfhy; - fz;zfp $w;W
163. tPu irtj;jpd; ngUikia tpsf;Fk; E}y; - gpuGypq;fyPiy
cyfj;jkpo; khehL
mwpQh; jdpehaf mbfs;> mwpQh; gpy;ypNahrh Nghd;wth;fs; ‘cyfj; jkpo;
Muha;r;rpf; fofk;’ epWtpdh;. ,jpy; ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw cyfj; jkpo;
khehL elj;Jtnjd KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ
t.vz;. Mz;L khehL eilngw;w ,lk;

1. 1966 kNyrpah– Nfhyhyk;g+h;
50 PG TRB TAMIL

2. 1968 nrd;id
3. 1970 gpuhd;]; - ghhp];
4. 1974 aho;g;ghzk;
5. 1981 kJiu
6. 1987 Nfhyhyk;g+h;
7. 1989 nkhhP\pa];
8. 1995 jQ;rht+h;
164. Gytuhw;Wg;gil - jpUNkdp uj;jpdf; ftpuhah;> Fyhk; fhjpW ehtyh;

165. jzpifahw;Wg;gil - fr;rpag;g Kdpth;
166. neQ;rhw;Wg;gil - njhOt+h; NtyhAj Kjypahh;
167. fdftprahpd; Kbj;jiy nehpj;jJ – fhdw;ghdp
168. 1980k; Mz;bd; jkpof murpd; ghpR ngw;w n[frpw;gpadpd; rpWfij ‘xU ghuj
Gj;jpud;’
169. fk;gubg;nghb – rh.fNzrd;
170. fk;gd; jpwdp – m.rh.Qhdrk;ge;jd;
171. ,yf;fzk; xU Kg;gFg;Gg; nrhy; - ,yf;F mz; mk;
172. rpwe;j eilf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfj; jpfOk; nkhopaikjp – ,yf;fzk;
173. ,yf;fzj;ij tlnkhopapy; tpahfzk; vd;gh;
174. ,yf;fzk; vd;Dk; nghUs;jUk; xUnghUl; gd;nkhopfs; - Fwp> E}y;> Gyd;>
vOj;J> ,ay;G> Kiw> kuG
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175. MwhtJ ,yf;fzk; : ghl;bay;
tz;zr;rugk;jz;lghzp mbfshh; Gyik vd;W $Wthh;
176. re;jpuhNyhfk; - mzp ,yf;fz E}y;
177. ,yf;fz tuyhW E}ypd; Mrphpah; - Gyth; ,sq;Fkud;
178. ,yf;fz Ma;tlq;fypd; Mrphpah; lhf;lh; Jiu.gl;lhgpuhkd;
179. njhy;fhg;gpak; KOikf;Fk; ciu fz;lth; - ,sk;g+uzh;
180. jd;ikahy; ngah; ngw;w E}y; - ed;D}y;
181. rpw;wjpfhuk; vdg;gLtJ ed;D}y;
182. gd;dpUglyj;jpd; topE}y; Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy
183. Fl;bj; njhy;fhg;gpak; - ,yf;fz tpsf;fk;
184. rpd;D}y; - Nekpehjk;
185. ‘mKj #j;jpuk; mWgjha;r; rikE}y;’ vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ - ,iwadhh; fstpay;
186. vOj;jpd; tbtq;fs; ,uz;L 1.xyp> 2.thp
187. jkpo; tlnkhop ,uz;bw;Fk; nghJthd vOj;J. jw;rkk;
188. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; xd;gJ tifg;gLk;
189. nra;Aspd; NtW ngah;fs; - ahg;G> ghl;L J}f;F> njhlh;G
190. jdpNa tUk; Neuirr; rPh; -- ehs;
191. jdpNa tUk; epiuairr; rPh; -- kyh;
192. Neh;G vd;w mirr;rPUf;F – fhR
193. epiuG vd;w mirr;rPUf;F – gpwg;G
194. ntz;ghTk; mftw;ghTk; fye;J tUtJ kUl;;gh
195. vOj;njz;zpg; ghlg;gLtJ fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw
196. nganur;r tha;g;ghLfspd; vz;zpf;if %d;W
197. jphpe;J tUk; jd;ik gilj;j nrhy; k&c
198. ,aw;if tuyhW - E}yhrphpah; gpisdp
199. g+Nyhf tptuzk; - jhykp
51 PG TRB TAMIL

200. ,z;bfh – nkf];jdp];

201. fsg;gpuiu ntd;w ghz;bad; fLq;Nfhd;
202. rpk;kth;kd; fsg;gpuhplkpUe;J Nrhoehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wpdhd;
203. ,uz;lhk; GypNfrp xU rhSf;fpa kd;dd;
204. thjhgp nfhz;lhd; vd;w rpwg;Gg;ngah; ngw;wth; eurpk;kth;kd;
205. thjhgp gilnaLg;ig elj;jpatd; guQ;Nrhjp
206. Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fis mikj;jtd; - kNfe;jputh;kd;
207. rpj;jpufhug; Gyp – kNfe;jputh;kd;
208. ’kJiuAk; <oKk; nfhz;lhd;’ vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;ltd; guhe;jfNrhod;
209. tp[aefug; Nguurpd; Kjy; kd;dh; `hp`uh; ,tuJ kfd; Fkhu fk;gzd;
210. rk;Gtuhah;fspd; giltPL uh[fk;gPuk; vdg;gLk;
211. ,uhkehjGuj;ij Ml;rp nra;j NrJgjp uFehjj; Njth;
212. jkpofj;jpy; Ml;rp nra;j Kjy; ngz;kzp ,uhzp kq;fk;khs;
213. njd;dhl;bd; jh[;k`hy; - jpUkiy ehaf;fh; k`hy;
214. rq;ffhyr; Nrhoh;fspd; jiyefuk; ciwa+h;
215. ,yf;fpaf; $WfSs; Kjd;ikahdJ - czh;r;rp
216. ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F epiyNgw;iwj; jUtJ - czh;r;rp
217. gilg;ghsd; gilg;Nghh;Kd; jd; mDgtj;ijg; gilj;Jf; fhl;Lk; jpwNd fw;gid
vd;wth; rp.b. tpd;nr];lh;
218. FyNrfu Mo;thh; tlnkhopapy; ghbaJ - KFe;jkhiy
219. gjpw;Wg;gj;J ghly;fs; me;jhjp eilAilad
220. gjpw;Wg;gj;J ghly;fs; gz;nzhL fye;j ,irg;ghly;fs;
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221. fhkk; fye;j nja;t tho;j;jhf tUtJ - ghpghly;
222. gztpLJ}J - rutzg; ngUkhs; ftpuhah;
223. gQ;rje;jpuj;ijj; jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jth; - jhz;ltuha Kjypahh;
224. Gyth; Guhzk; ghbath; KUfjhr mbfs;
225. Ntshz; Ntjk; - ehybahh;
226. neUg;igAk; fiuahd; mhpf;FNkh – ,lk; ngw;wJ kNdhd;kzp
227. jUkj;jpd; tho;tjidr; #J ft;Tk; : jUkk; kWgbAk; nty;Yk; -mh;r;Rdd; $w;W
228. mfj;jpizg; ghly;fspy; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfis kpFjpAk; mikj;Jg; ghbath; -
guzh;
229. mg;Jy; uFkhd; (1937) ,f;ghy; ftpijfis nkhopngah;j;jth;
230. ,e;jpuh ghh;j;jrhujpapd; ,aw;ngah; - uq;fehjd;
,uhkhD[h; ehlfj;jpw;fhf ru];tjp rk;khd; tpUJ ngw;wth;
231. gpugQ;rdpd; ,aw;ngah; rh.itj;jpaypq;fk; - thdk; trg;gLk; - rhfpj;a mfhlkp
232. nghd;dPyd; ,aw;ngah; - gf;jtj;ryd;: Gjpa jhprdq;fs; - rhfpj;a mfhlkp
233. gpy;`zPak; ehlfhrphpah; ghujpjhrd;
234. ,yq;ifj; jkpohpd; Kjy; ehty; mrd;Ng rhpj;jpuk; (1885)
235. fhpr;rhd; FQ;Rtpd; ,aw;ngah; ehuhazrhkp
236. jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; E}yhrphpah; fh.rptj;jk;gp
237. GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - ty;ypf;fz;zd;
238. ehty; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - rpl;b rptghjRe;juk;
239. rpl;bapd; ,aw;ngah; ng.Nfh.Re;juuh[d;
240. kad; vd;Dk; Gidngah; nfhz;lth; f.eh.Rg;ukzpak;
241. gRta;ah – Re;juuhkrhkp
242. eFyd; - b.Nf.Jiurhkp
243. rhf;ifah; vd;w ,dj;jth; MLk; $j;J rhf;iff; $j;J
52 PG TRB TAMIL

244. kd;diug; ghLk; jdpg;ghly; kuG nefpo;e;J flTisg; ghLk; newp ghpghlypy; Njhw;wk;
nfhz;lJ.
245. Mz;ltDld; mbahiuAk; ghLk; kuG Nrf;fpohhpd; jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhzj;jpy;
njhlq;FfpwJ
246. tz;zg; ghliy mUzfphpahUk; fz;zpiaj; jhAkhdtUk; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.
247. mfg;ghlypd; jdpj;jd;ikahff; fUjg;gLtJ cs;Siw
248. mfj;jpy; gphpT gw;wpa ghiyNa ngUk;ghd;ikaJ
249. FwpQ;rp vd;Dk; jpiz fsT vd;Dk; iff;Nfhspy; kl;Lk; epfo;fpwJ
250. ghiyapy; fsT> fw;G Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ,ay tha;g;Gs;sJ
251. Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy; Mfpa gpw %d;Wk; fw;GlNdNa njhlh;G ngWfpd;wJ.
252. mfg;nghUisg; ghl fyp> ghpghl;L Mfpa ,U ahg;G tiffisj; njhy;fhg;gpah;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. Mdhy; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Mrphpag; ghititNa gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;
253. gpw;fhyf; Nfhit ,yf;fpaj;jpw;fhd tpij FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; cs;sJ
254. jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh – mfg;nghUs; gw;wpaJ
255. murDf;Fhpa gj;J cWg;Gfisg; ghLtJ jrhq;fk;
256. ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPuhapDk; my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd; - ,jw;F tpsf;fk; jUtJ
Nghy mike;Js;s E}y; - ,d;dh ehw;gJ
257. gy flTsiu Vj;Jk; E}y;fs; - ,d;dh ehw;gJ> ,dpait ehw;gJ
258. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F mLj;jgb ,aw;ifiag; gythwhfg; ghbath; rk;ge;jh;
259. jhAkhdthpd; Mrphpah; nksdFU
260. jhAkhdth;> mUzfphpahh; ghly;fspy; tlnrhy; kpFjp
261. KUfid topgL flTshfTk; rk;ge;jiuf; FUthfTk; nfhz;lth; ,uhkypq;fh;
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262. jkpopd; Kjy; irtf; fhg;gpak; - nghpaGuhzk;
263. Ntjehafk; gps;isapd; NtWE}y;fs; - ePjp E}y;> ngz;kjpkhiy> RFz Re;jhp rkurf;
fPh;j;jdk;
264. Jg;gwpAk; ehtypd; Njhw;Wtha; - eNlr rh];jphpapd; ‘jhdtd;
265. tphpr;rp Nfl;ly; ,lk; ngWtJ – Ky;iyg;ghl;L
266. MW fple;jd;d mjd; neLe;njU – kJiuf;fhQ;rp
267. rhsughzpiag; ghbath; g+e;JUj;jp ek;gp
268. Nrf;fpohh; Guhzk; ghbath; - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
269. Njthuj;jpy; ,y;yhj gz; - rhsughzp
270. VO jpUKiwfSk; mlq;fd;Kiw vdg;gLk;
271. jpUf;Nfhitahh; jpUr;rpw;wk;gyf; Nfhitahh; vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;
272. jpUf;Nfhitahiu me;jzh; - Muzk; vd;Wk;> Nahfpah; - Mfkj;jpd; fhuzk; vd;Wk;>
fhKfh; - fhk ed;D}y; vd;Wk; $Wth;
273. ,uhruhrdpd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb jpyiyapy; gjpNdhU jpUKiwfs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.
274. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly; jd;ikia khzpf;fthrfh; ghly;fspy; fhzyhk;
275. fy;fpapd; Kjy; ehty; - tpkyh
ehlfq;fs; rpy Kjy; mbfs;
,uh[uh[Nrhod; - mU.uhkehjd; cynfyhk; czh;eJ ; – nghpaGuhzk;
re;jpNuhjak; - rp.vd;.mz;zhJiu cyfk; ahitAk; - fk;guhkhazk;
ts;spj;jpUkzk; – rq;fujh]; Rthkp cyfk; ctg;g – jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil
fhw;wpy; te;j fbjk; – t.jz;lghzp %th Kjyh cyfk; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp
ftpapd; fdT – v];.b.Re;juk; itafk; gdpg;g – neLey;thil
CQ;ry; kdk; – Kunrhyp khwd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;j ikakhf itj;J
KfkJ gpd; Jf;sf; - Nrh vOjg;gl;l ehty;fs;
mk;gpfhgjp> mkuhgjp – kiwkiy mbfs; K.t. - me;jehs;
53 PG TRB TAMIL

jpUthsh; Njrpak;gps;is – fiyQh; ehuz Jiuf;fz;zd; - rPahd; Raeyk;

fhyj;Njh; - Rj;jhde;j ghujp vk;.v];.fy;ahzRe;juk; - ,UgJ tUrq;fs;
fhkQ;rhp>Ky;iykzk; - Foe;ij ty;ypf;fz;zd; - tPLk; ntspAk;
Cikf;Fapy; - rpq;fhuNtyd; e.rpjk;gu Rg;ukzpad; - kz;zpy; njhpAJ
md;dpkpQpyp – cyfehjd; eh.ghh;j;jrhujp – Mj;jkhtpd; uhfq;fs;
khf;ngj; - v];.kfuh[d; uh.R.ey;yngUkhs; - fy;Yf;Fs;<uk;
rhFe;jyk; - ethypa+h; eluh[d; uh[k; fpU\;zd; - tisf;fuk;
kz;zpay; rpWNjh; - gz;bjkzp QhdgPlk;
gr;irag;gh; - K.t Njhw;wk; - 1944
cg;gq;fop – t.Rg.khzpf;fk; epWtpath; - rh.F.rhe;jp gpurhjk; n[apd;
njs;shw;W ee;jp – m.rh.Qhdrk;ge;jd; epWtg;gl;l ,lk; - fhrp
jpUkiyehaf;fh; - MW.mofg;gd; 1965 – P.V.mfpyhz;lk; - rpj;jpug;ghit
tho;f;if tuyhW 1983 – kh];jp ntq;fNlr ma;aq;fhh; -
Gyth; Guhzk; -jz;lghzp Rthkpfs; rpf;fptPu uhN[e;jpuh
kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is – c.Nt.rh 1984-jfop – nrk;kPd;> jq;fop> fhah;> uz;b.
k.ngh.rp.- rp.Qhdkzp [p.rq;fu F&g; - Xlf;Foy; (ftpij)
ngh;dhl;\h – K.t 1990-tpehaf; fphprd; Nfhff; - fd;dlk;
GJikg;gpj;jd; - uFehjd; 1991 – Rgh\; kNfhghj;ahah- ngq;fhyp
fl;lnghk;kd; - k.ngh.rp 1992 – eNu\; Nkj;jh - `pe;jp
Rarhpij 1993 – rpj;jfz;l; kfhgj;uh – xhpah
vd; rhpj;jpuk; - c.Nt.rh 1994 – U.K.mde;j%h;j;jp - fd;dlk;
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vd; fij – ehkf;fy; ftpQh; 200- n[afhe;jd;
tdthrk; - fz;zjhrd;
epidj;Jg;ghh;f;fpNwd; - n[afhe;jd;
Mj;kNrhjid – r.J.R.Nahfpahh;
vdJNghuhl;lk; - k.ngh.rp
vdJ tho;f;if mDgtq;fs; - V.tp.vk;
,jak; NgRfpwJ – kzpad;
neQ;Rf;F ePjp – fiyQh;
,Jtiu ehd; - ituKj;J
epidT miyfs;
276. vd; fld; gzp nra;J fplg;gNj – mg;gh; - jpUf;flk;g+h; gjpfk;

277. gbf;fhR ngw;wth;> Iahw;wpy; fapyhaf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;lth; mg;gh;
278. ifapy; jhsk; Ve;jp Mbg;ghb topgl;lth; rk;ge;jh;
279. rk;ge;jhpd; ghly;fSf;F aho; ,irj;jth; jpUePyfz;l aho;g;ghzh;
280. kd;dh;fisg; ghlhky; ,iwtidg; ghl tUkhW Gyth;fis mioj;jth; Re;juh;
281. jpy;iytho; me;jzh; jk; mbahh;f;Fk; mbNad; vd;wth; - Re;juh;
282. jq;fj;ijj; jpUkzp Kj;jhw;wpy; ,l;Lj; jpUth&hpy; vLj;jth;- Re;juh;
283. \j;jpu #lhkzp – rPtf rpe;jhkzpf;F Kjy; E}y; vd xU rdh; $Wfpd;wdh;.
284. rPtfd; Nfhtpe;ijia gJKfDf;F kzk; nra;tpj;jhd;
285. rPtfd; ,irahy; ntd;W kze;jts; fhe;jUtjj;ij
286. rPtfd; Fzkhiyia ahidaplkpUe;J kPll ; hd;
287. ghk;G jPz;lg; ngw;w gJikapd; tplj;ijg; Nghf;fp kze;jhd;
288. rPtfidf; fz;L ehzpats; Nfkrhp
289. tpy;tpj;ijiaf; fz;L rPtfdplk; Nkhfk; nfhz;lts; fdfkhiy
290. ge;J tpisahLk; NghJ rPtfidf; fz;lts; tpkiy
54 PG TRB TAMIL

291. ghl;lhy; kaq;fpats; RukQ;rhp

292. Kjypy; - ehkfs; ,yk;gfk; - ,Wjp – Kf;jp ,yk;gfk; 13 ,yk;gfq;fs;
293. Kjy; VO jpUKiwfs; - jdpj;jkpo; jpUkhkiwfs;
294. vl;lhk; jpUkiw – jpUkhkiwapd; KbT
295. jpUr;rpw;wk;gyf; Nfhit – jpUtbg;NgW
296. jpUke;jpuk; - jdpj;jkpohfkk;
297. 9>11>12k; jpUKiwfs; - jdpj;jkpo; kiwfspd; cWg;Gfs;
298. Nfhg;ngUQ;NrhoDf;F ey;ywpT nfhSj;jpath; - Gy;yhw;W}h; vapw;wpadhh;
299. tlf;fpUj;jy; vd;gJ czT nfhs;tij epWj;jp tlf;F Nehf;fp ,Ue;J nky;y caph;
gphpAk;gb nra;jy;
300. Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhodpd; ez;gh;fs; gprpuhe;ijahh;> nghj;jpahh;
301. NrhoDila eLfy; efh;e;J ,lk; nfhLj;jJ nghj;jpahUf;fhf.
302. grpg;gpzp Nghf;Fk; kUj;Jtd; gz;zd;> fps;spapd; ez;gd;
303. g+jg;ghz;badpd; kidtp ngUq;Nfhg;ngz;L - jPg;gha;ej ; ts;
304. nghjpdp vd;gJ goepkiy> Mtpdd;Fb vdTk; gLk;. Ngfd; Mz;lhs; Ngfdpd;
kidtp fz;zfp
305. mjpad; Fjpiu kiyf;Fj; jiytd;> ,tdJ milahs khiy gdk;g+
306. mjpadpd; Kd;Ndhh;fs; thDyfpypUe;J fUk;igf; nfhz;L te;jdh; vd;gJ tuyhW
307. mjpad; ngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiwAld; eilngw;w Nghhpy; ,we;J Nghdhd;
308. jw;NghJs;s gpuhd;kiyNa - gwk;Gkiy
309. nfhf;nfd;W epidj;jhNah nfhq;fzth? thRfp – nfhq;fzh;
310. mf;dpNjtd; fz;zfpKd; ghh;g;gd tbtj;jpy; Njhd;wpdhd;
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311. fz;zfp Nfhl;lj;jpy; epj;ag+i[ nra;jts; Njte;jp
312. cjaFkuzd; mlf;fpa ahidapd; ngah; fhyNtfk;
313. jd;idj; jhprpj;NjhUf;Fg; gok; gpwg;G czh;j;jty;yJ Gj;j gPbif
314. kzpNkfiyf;F mKjRugpiag; gw;wpf; $wpats; jPtjpyif
315. kzpNkfiyf;F MGj;jpud; tuyhw;iwr; nrhd;dth; mwtz mbfs;
316. Mjpiuaplk; Kjy; gpr;ir ngW vd;W $wpats; fharz;bif
317. cjazpd; ,wg;gpw;Ff; fhuzk; $wpaJ fe;jpw;ghit
318. kDePjp jpUth&iuj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Mz;ltd;
319. kfhj;kh Fwpg;gpLk; Kjy; rj;jpahf;u`p ee;jdhh;
320. kdj;jhNyNa ,iwtDf;Ff; Nfhapy; fl;bath; g+ryhh; ehadhh;
321. fz;fhrpGtpd; ,aw;ngah; kUjehafk;gps;is
322. fhz;Nlfhpd; E}y;fisj; jkpopy; jUgth; fh.=.=
323. Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh; Mq;fpyj;jpypUe;J nkhop ngah;j;jit> ViogLk;
ghL. ,spr;rthad;
324. jh$hpd; g+e;Njhl;lk;> Gay; - jkpopy; je;jth; j.eh.Fkhurhkp
325. Mde;j klk; - gq;fpk; re;jpuh;
326. lhy;];lhapd; md;dh fhPdpdhitj; jOtp ehuz Jiuf;fz;zd; vOjpaJ
fhh;j;jpahapdp
327. rhh;y]; bf;fd;]pd; Mypth; l;tp];l;ilj; jOtp v];.v];.khhprhkp vOjpaJ mdhij
Mde;jd;
328. kjq;f #shkzp – tpGyhde;jh;
329. RNjrkpj;jpud; [p.Rg;gpukzpak; mth;fshy; 1887-y; thuk; ,UKiwahf te;jJ. 1897y;
ehspjohf kyh;ej ; J
330. 1927y; jpuhtpld; ,jOk; FbauR ,jOk; ntspahapd
331. FbauR ,jopd; Mrphpah; nghpahh;
55 PG TRB TAMIL

332. 1929y; Njrgf;jd; ntspahdJ

333. jpU.tp.fTf;Fg; gpd; t.Nt.R.Iah; Njrgf;jdpd; Mrphpauhdhh;
334. jkpo;ehL gj;jphpf;ifapd; Mrphpah; lhf;lh; tujuhRY
335. 1934y; Nfhaq;fh mth;fshy; jpdkzp ntspahdJ
336. Ngdh kd;dd; vd;Wk;> gj;jphpif cyfg; gpuk;kh vd;Wk;> gj;jphpif cyf [hk;gthd;
vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lth; - b.v];.nrhf;fypq;fk;
337. gj;jphpif tpQ;Qhdp vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; v];.v];.thrd;
338. V.Nf.nrl;bahh; 1945y; Fkhpkyh; khj ,jioj; njhlq;fpdhh;
339. gpurz;l tpfld; Mrphpah; ehuz Jiuf;fz;zd;
340. f.eh.R- #whtsp vd;Dk; ,jioj; njhlq;fpdhh;
341. rhypthfdd; - fhyNkhfpdp vd;Dk; ,jioj; njhlq;fpdhh;
342. [Pth – [drf;jp vd;Dk; ,jioj; njhlq;fpdhh;
343. fy;tpf;fly; vdg; Gfog;gl;l uha.nrhf;fypq;fk; Copad; ,jio elj;jpdhh;
344. 1941y; fy;fp ,jo; Njhd;wpaJ
345. mz;zh – jpuhtplehL
346. fiyQh; – Kunrhyp> kd;wk;> Nghh;ths;> jPg;nghwp
347. kq;ifah; kyh;> NfhFyk; - fy;fp ,jopd; Jiz ,jo;fs;
348. jpdj;je;jp 1942y; Njhd;wpaJ. v];.gp.Mjpj;jd; Mrphpah;
349. 1960y; khiy KuR ntspahdJ
350. FKjk; 1947 y; khj ,johfj; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ
351. fy;Y}hpapy; gbj;Jg; gl;lk; ngwhkNyNa mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy;
Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath; - gz;bjkzp
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352. Vlhapuk; Nfhb vLj;njOjhJ jd; kdj;Nj vOjpg; gbj;j tpufd; -me;jff;ftp tPuuhft
Kjypahh;
ghbad - Nra+h;f; fyk;gfk;> Nra+h; gps;isj;jkpo;> jpUth&h; cyh
353. Nkhfdhq;fpapd; Nkhftiyapy; tpOe;J itztj;jpypUe;J irtj;jpw;F khwpdhh; -
fhsNkfk;
354. akfz;lk; ghLtjpy; ty;yth; - fhsNkfk;
355. jrhtjhdp vdg;gl;lth; - nra;Fj;jk;gpg; ghtyh; - rPwhg;Guhz ciufs;
356. egpfspd; tuyhw;iw tpdhtpilahfg; ghbath; - KfkJ ,g;uh`pk; rhfpg; Gyth;.
357. ,yf;fzf; Nfhlhhp vd;W rpwg;Gg; ngah; ngw;wth; - gpr;ir ,g;uh`pk; Gyth;.
358. tptpypaj;ijj; jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jth; rPfd; ghy;F Iah;.
359. nrhw;gpwg;G xg;gpay; jkpofuhjp – ey;Y}h; Fzg;gpufhrh;
360. njhy;fhg;gpa ed;D}y; rhKNty; gps;is
361. ngj;yN`k; FwtQ;rp - Ntjehaf rh];jphp
362. KUfg;ngUkhNd Gytuhf te;J thjhbaJ – tPuNrhopak; - jpflrf;fuk;
363. Mrphpag;ghtpy; xU fhg;gpaNk gilf;fKbAk; vd epWtpath; ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
364. kzpg;gpuths eilapy; mike;j xNu E}y; =Guhzk;
365. itzt Mrhhpah; tuyhWfisf; $Wk; E}y;fs; ‘FUguk;giu’ vdg;gLk;
366. tpahf;fpahdr; rf;futh;j;jp – nghpathr;rhd;gps;is
367. ,uhkhD[hpd; njhz;bid ,yf;fpa tbtpy; epiyepWj;jpath; jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; -
,uhkhD[ E}w;we;jhjp
368. ehd;kiwapd; jtf;nfhOe;J vdg; Nghw;wg;gLgth; ,uhkhD[h;
369. ,uhkhD[hpd; E}y;fs; = gh\;ak;> Ntjhe;j jPgk;> Ntjhe;j rhuk;> fPjhgh\;ak;>
Ntjhe;j rq;fpufk; vd;gd.
370. <rhd Njrpfh; vd;gJ Rthkpehj Njrpfhpd; ngah;
371. rptid mfz;l rr;rpjhde;j rptk; vdg; Nghw;wpath; jhAkhdth;
56 PG TRB TAMIL

372. Md;khitf; fhjypahfTk; Mz;ltidf; fhjydhfTk; ghbath; jhAkhdth; -

Mde;jf; fspg;G
373. rptg;gpufh Rthkpfs; jpUtz;zhkiyia tyk;tUk;NghJ ghbaJ Nrhz iry khiy
374. Ie;jhk; Ntjk; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLtJ ghujk;
375. Iah mUzfphp mg;gh cidg;Nghy nka;ahf Xh; nrhy; - jhAkhdth;
376. tpy;ypGj;J}uhiu Mjhpj;jtd; tugjp Ml;nfhz;lhd;
377. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpNyNa rpfukhf tpsq;FtJ gl;bdj;jhh; - clw;$W
tz;zk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; cs;s ghlyhFk;.
378. tr;rze;jpkhiyapd; Kjy; E}y; ,e;jpufhspak;
379. ghQ;rrd;ak; vd;Dk; rq;fpd; mk;rkhfg; gpwe;jth; - ngha;ifaho;thh;
380. jhkiu kyhpy; Njhd;wpajhy; gpukidg; Nghy;thd; vdg;gl;lth; ngha;ifahh;
381. nfsNkhjfp vd;Dk; jz;bd; mk;rkhfj; Njhd;wpath; g+jj;jho;thh;
382. ehe;jfk; vd;Dk; thspd; mk;rkhfj; Njhd;wpath; Ngaho;thh;
383. ehuhazNd Nkyhd nja;tk; vd ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;bath; jpUkopir Mo;thh;
384. irt> rkz> ngsj;j kjq;fis ntspg;gilahff; fz;bg;gth; - jpUkopir
385. gf;jp rhuh; vdg;gLgth; - jpUkopiraho;thh;
386. ek;kho;thh; jpUtuq;fdhy; ,t;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;
387. rlNfhgd;> guhq;Frd;> tUshguzd;> FUiff;fhtyd;> Ntjk; jkpo; nra;j khwd;>
jpUtha;nkhopg; gpuhd;> jpUtOjp tsehlh;
388. ghk;Gf; Flj;jpy; iftpl;L ntd;wth; - FyNrfuh;
389. nghpaho;thh; - fUlhk;rkhfg; gpwe;jth;
ahid kzpfisj; jhskhff; nfhz;L jpUg;gy;yhz;L ghbdhh;
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390. tdkhiyapd; mk;rkha; mtjhpj;jth; njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh;
391. jpUkWtpd;mk;rk; - jpUg;ghzho;thh;
392. rhuq;fk; vd;Dk; tpy;ypd; mk;rk; - jpUkq;ifaho;thh;
393. fhy Muha;;r;rp vd;Dk; E}yhrphpah; - kh.,uhrkhzpf;fdhh;
394. rpyg;gjpfhu Muha;;r;rp – nt.R.Rg;ukzpa Mr;rhhpahh;
395. kzpNkfiy Muha;r;rp – xsit Jiurhkpg;gps;is
396. rptd; vd;Dk; nrhy; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gltpy;iy
397. rpyk;G Fwpg;gpLk; gpwth ahf;ifg; nghpNahd; rptd;
398. rptdpd; Ml;lk;> nfhLnfhl;b> nfhl;br;Nrjk;
399. rpyk;G $Wk; khiy ntz;Fil kd;dtd; Nfhapy; - ,e;jpud;
400. Iq;fiz neLNty; muR – fhkd;
401. cr;rpf;fpohd; Nfhl;lk; vdg;gLtJ - #hpad;
402. MGj;jpuDf;F mKj Rugpiaj; je;jts; - rpe;jhNjtp
403. miyf;fopAk; kdpjid mlf;fpahSk; topapidf; $l;Ltpf;Fk; flTs; fe;jpw;ghit
404. kd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpaJ kd;dd;
405. gjpw;Wg;gj;J> GwehD}W Fwpg;gpLk; Nru kd;dh;fs; - 24 Ngh;
406. nghUeh;> gl;bdg;ghiy> Gwk; Fwpg;gpLk; Nrho kd;dh;fs; - 66 Ngh;
407. kJiuf; fhQ;rp> neLey;thil Gwk;> Fwpg;gpLk; ghz;ba kd;dh;fs; - 31 Ngh;
408. Nru murh;fSs; kpFjpahd ghly;fisg; ghbath; ghiy ghba
ngUq;fLq;Nfhd; ,sq;fLq;Nfh xU ghly; kl;LNk ghbAs;shh;
409. kfdpd; rpije;j cly; fz;L kfpo;ej ; jhiag; ghbath; xsitahh;
410. fhh;nfhz;l nfhilf; fow;wwpthh; - Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhh;
411. jpUTyhg;Gwk; vdg;gLtJ Mjpcyh
412. ef;fPuh; ghbad: fapiyghjp fhsj;jpghjp me;jhjp> Nfhgg;gpurhjk;> ngUe;Njt ghzp>
jpUntO$w;wpUf;if
57 PG TRB TAMIL

413. N\j;jpuj; jpUntz;gh ghbath; - Iabfs; fhlth;Nfhd;

414. rptngUkhd; jpUte;jhjp ghbath; - fgpyNjt ehadhh;
415. Nfhapy; ehz;kzpkhiy - gl;bdj;Jgps;isahh;
416. ehl;Lg;Gwf; fiug;ghlypd; ghpzhkk; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;
417. njhd;D}w;whW Nfhyg; gpuge;jq;fs; nfhz;l gpuhd; - ,lk; ngWtJ rpte;njOe;j
gy;ytuhad; cyh
418. ‘ee;jp fy;gfj;jhy; khz;l fij ehlwpAk;’ vd;wJ NrhNkrh; KJnkhop ntz;gh
419. ghjhjpNfrk; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tifiaj; je;jJ jpUtpirg;gh
420. Nfh%j;jphp> khiykhw;W Mfpa rpj;jpuftpfs; rk;ge;juhy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ
421. njs;shW vwpe;j %d;whk; ee;jpth;kNd fow;rpq;f ehadhh;
422. ,yf;fpaf;fiy E}yhrphpah; m.rh.Qhdrk;ge;jd;
423. nfhz;Ljiyf; fopjy; ,lk;ngWk; jpiz ghiy
424. Nfhlfey;Y}h; Re;ju Rthkpfspd; epidthf vOe;j kNdhd;kzpa ghj;jpuk; - Re;ju
Kdpth;
425. ghit ghba thahy; Nfhit ghLf vd;wth; rptngUkhd;
426. rptd; Mba $j;J ghz;luq;fk;
427. fz;zd; MbaJ Flk;
428. t.Nt.R.Iahpd; jpwdha;T E}y;- fk;guhkhazk;
429. ,J nghWg;gjpy;iy jk;gp vhpjoy; nfhz;Lth vd;wtd; - gPkd;
430. nre;ehg;Gyth; vdg;gl;l rq;fg;Gyth; - fgpyh;
431. Egt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk; tpsf;FtJ – egpfSf;F ,];yhj;ij mUspaJ
432. jpwdha;thshpd; jFjp – fha;jy;> ctj;jypd;wp Ma;jy;
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433. gpuge;j Nte;jh; – kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is
434. if$g;gp nka;gl; ePw;wy; - Fle;jk; ($j;Jtif)
435. xU rKjhaf; fUj;jpid nkhoptop tpsf;FtJ ,yf;fpak; vd;wth; vkh;rd;
436. jpiug;glg; ghly;fisg; gw;wp ‘mk;kp nfhj;jr; rpw;gp vjw;F’ vd;W Nfl;lth; mg;Jy;
uFkhd;
437. njhy;fhg;gpah; $Wk; vOj;Jr; rhhpiafs; fuk;> fhuk;> fhd;
438. gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; jkpopy; te;j ,ilr;nrhy; ‘fpy;’
439. fhud;> fhhp vd;gJ ngUtof;fhdit ehaf;fh; fhyk;
440. nra;Ak; vd;Dk; tha;gg ; hl;L tpidnar;rj;ij ,d;Dk; rpwg;ghfj; jf;fitj;Jf;
nfhz;Ls;s jpuhtpl nkhop kiyahsk;
441. gpwthik Ntz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gpwg;Gz;nldpy; cid kwthik Ntz;Lk; vd;wth;
fhiuf;fhy;mk;ikahh;
442. ehad;khh; ghly;fs; ‘jpUthf;F’ vdg;gLk;. Mo;thh;fs; - ghRuq;fs;
443. mUl;ngUk; N[hjp jdpg;ngUk; fUiz khzpf;fthrfh; ghba
jpUntk;ghitapy; ,Ue;J ts;syhh; vLj;jpUf;fpwhh;
444. tPu irtj;ij tsh;j;jth; - gRNtRtuh; - fh\;kPu irtk; - tRFg;jh;
445. jpUkiwf;fhL fjT jpwf;fg;ghbaJ ‘,uf;fnkhd;wpyPh;’ gjpfk; fjT %l> ‘rJuk;
kiwjhd;’ gjpfk;
446. itzt ];jhgfh; - ,uhkhD[h;
447. fz;zdpd; %yg;ngah; - ehuhazd;
448. KUfdpd; %yg;ngah; - rutzd;
449. Ma;j vOj;jpw;Fj; njy;fhg;gpah; ,yf;fzk; $wtpy;iy
450. ce;jPgw vd;gJ kfsph; tpisahl;LfSs; xd;W
451. ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpah; ,aw;wpa vl;L E}y;fSk; rpj;jhe;j ml;lfk; vdg;gLk;
452. jkpopy; fPh;j;jid tbtj;ij Kjypy; mwpKfk; nra;jth; Kj;Jj;jhz;lth;
58 PG TRB TAMIL

453. jkpopir%th; Kj;Jj; jhz;lth;. khhpKj;jhg;gps;is> mUzhryf; ftpuhah;

454. gjk; vd;gJ mfj;jpizg; ghly;
455. khhpthapy; - NrhkRe;jughujp
456. cgepljq;fs; - Ntjq;fSf;F tpsf;fk; nrhy;Yk; E}y;fs;
457. [Pthj;kh gukhj;kh jj;Jtj;ij tpsf;fpath; ek;kho;thh;
458. jpUkhypd; thspd; mk;rkhfj; Njhd;wpath; Ngaho;thh;
459. rf;fu mk;rk; - jpUkopir
460. FKjd; vd;Dk; ep;j;a#hp – kJuftp
461. Nrid Kjypahh; ek;kho;thh;
462. nfs];Jgk; - FyNrfuho;thh;
463. mwk; itj;Jg; ghba ftpijfs; ‘Mhplf;ftp’ vdg;gl;ld
464. ngha;ifahhpd; ghly;fis ‘QhdjPgk;’ vd;wth; FyNrfuh;
465. jpUkhypd; fuj;jpy; cs;s thSf;F ee;jfk; vd;W ngah;
466. ,aw;gifahUf;F ‘,y;iyNa vd;dhj’ vd;Wk;> fz;zg; gUf;F ‘fiy kype;jrPh; ek;gp’
vd;Wk;> Fyr;rpiwahUf;F ‘ngU ek;gp’ vd;Wk;> mg;g+jpf;F ‘xU ek;gp’ vd;Wk;> jpU%h;j;jp
ek;gpuhd; vd;Wk; milnkhop njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.
467. jpUty;ypf;Nfzp ghh;j;jrhujp Nfhtpy; fy;ntl;L Fwpg;gpLk; gy;ytkd;dd; ee;jpth;kd;
468. kJiu – Midkiy eurpq;fg; ngUkhs; Nfhtpy; ghiwf; fy;ntl;L Fwpg;gpLk; kd;dd;
Kjyhk; guhe;jfd;
469. fhe;jSh;r; rhiy fskWj;jUspatd; - ,uhruhrd;
470. ek;kho;thhpd; jpUtpUj;jk; - hpf; Ntjj;jpd; rhuk;
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471. jpUthrphpak; - a#h; Ntjj;jpd; rhuk;
472. nghpa jpUte;jhjp – mjh;tz Ntjj;jpd; rhuk;
473. jpUtha; nkhop – rhk Ntjj;jpd; rhuk;
474. gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Kjypy; klY}h;jiyg; GFj;jpath; ek;kho;thh; gpd;dh;
jpUkq;ifaho;thh;
475. fk;gh; ek;kho;thiug; Nghw;wpg; ghbaJ rlNfhgue;jhjp
476. khyhfhuh;> Ntah;Fy tpsf;F – nghpaho;thh;
477. Mz;lhspd; rhpjk; njYq;F nkhopapy; - MKf;j khy;ajh
478. mk;ghthly; vd;W goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ ePuhly;
479. ifNfhh;j;J MLtJ – Fuit
480. Klf;fpa ,Uif gOg;Gil nghw;wpahly; - Jzq;if
481. xw;wWj;jy; – tl;liz
482. ifFtpj;Jf; nfhl;ly; - nfhk;ik
483. Fe;jp epw;wy; - FQ;rpjk;
484. KUff;flTs; fl;lisahy; mtuJ tyJ Njhspy; tPw;wpUg;gth; mUzfphpahh;
485. Mrphpa epfz;bd; Mrphpah; Mz;bg;Gyth;
486. ahkNse;jpuh; nra;j ,irj;jkpo; E}y; ,e;jpufhspak;
487. ,yf;fz tpsf;fr; #whtsp rptQhd Kdpth;
488. FUehdf;fpd; rPlh; fgPh;jhrh; - mtuJ nfhs;iffs; Mjpfpue;jk;
489. mj;jpf;Fk;gh fy;ntl;L $Wk; fypq;f kd;dd; fhuNtyd;
490. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lk; Kjy; Nrhod; fhpfhyd;
491. rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpy; kJiuia Mz;ltd; Mhpag;gil fle;j neLQ;nropad;
492. kNfe;jpudhy; jpUtjpifapy; fl;lg;gl;l rptd;Nfhapy; Fzgu <r;ruk;
493. kNfe;jpudpd; ,irg;Gyikf;Fr; rhd;W jUtJ- FLkpahd; kiyf;fy;ntl;L
494. jpUTil kd;didf; fhzpy; jpUkhiyf; fz;Nld; - ek;kho;thh;
59 PG TRB TAMIL

495. xd;W Kjy; xd;gJ tiuapyhd jpUKiwfs; Njhj;jpuk;> gj;jhtJ rhj;jpuk;>

gjpndhd;whtJ gpuge;jk;> gd;dpuz;lhtJ Guhzk;
496. ghujpahhpd; ghly;fspy; nghpaJ ghQ;rhyp rgjk;
497. ghujpahhpd; ghQ;rhyp rgjj;ij tpahrghujj;ijj; jOtp vOjpAs;shh;
498. jhopirahy; vOjg;gl;l Kjy; E}y; fypq;fj;Jg;guzp
499. khjtp fhtpak; ghbath; – ftpQh; jkpnohsp
500. ehybahh; - Ntshz; Ntjk; - ,e;E}Yf;F mjpfhuk; tFj;jth; gJkdhh;. ciu
nra;jth; jUkh;
501. jpU.tp.ftpd; nrhw;nghopTfspd; njhFg;G – jkpo;j;njd;wy;
;
121. nghUsjpfhug; gpd;dhd;F ,ay;fspd; ciuahrphpah; Nguhrphpah;. 13k; E}w;whz;L
122. er;rh; 14k; E}w;whz;L
123. xy;fhg; Gyikj; njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F ciuapl;l tpufh; fy;yhlh;
124. tlE}Yzh;ej ; hh;f;fd;wp jkpopay;G tpsq;fhJ vd;wth; rptQhdKdpth;
125. njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUshjpfhu Muha;rr ; p – K.uhfitaq;fhh;
126. njhy;fhg;gpaj;ij Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jth; rp.,yf;Ftdhh;
127. ,iwadhh; mfg;nghUs; 60 #j;jpuq;fs; nfhz;lJ
128. ‘mk;gYk; myUk; fsT’ vd;W $Wk; E}y; ,.mfg;nghUs;
129. me;jhjp Kiwapy; vOjg; ngw;Ws;s ciu ,.mfg;nghUs; ciu
130. njhy;fhg;gpah; Fwpg;gpLk; tz;zq;fs; 20
131. Iadhhpjdhh; Nru kugpdh; - 9k; E}w; - %yE}y; gd;dpUglyk;
132. Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy 361 E}w;ghf;fs;. 12 jpizfs;
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133. E}w;ghtpd; nghUs; tpsf;fk; $WtJ nfhS
134. ahg;gUq;fhyk; %d;W ,ay;fs;> 96 E}w;ghf;fs;
135. ahg;gUq;fyj;jpd; Gweil – ahg;gUq;fyq;fhhpif 3 ,ay;fs; 44 fhhpif
136. kf^c Kd;dpiy fhzg;ngWk; ,yf;fz E}y; fhhpif
137. kd;dd; ngauhy; mike;j Ie;jpyf;fz E}y; tPuNrhopak;> 5 mjpfhuk; 10 glyk;
138. vOtha; Ntw;Wikf;F cUG $Wk; E}y; - tPuNrhopak;
139. ntz;gh ahg;gpy; mike;j E}y; - ntz;ghg; ghl;bay; (tr;rze;jp khiy)
me;jhjp Kiwapy; mike;Js;sJ – 3 ,ay;fs;> 100 ntz;ghf;fs;.
140. jz;bayq;fhuk; - %d;W ,ay;fs; - 125 E}w;ghf;fs; : nghUszpfs; - 35 NtW ngah;
- mzpajpfhuk;
141. ed;D}y; - gtze;jp Kdpth; - rPafq;fd; - 462 E}w;ghf;fs; - rkzk; Kjy; ciu –
kapiy ehjh; - ghapuj;jpy; 55 ghf;fs; cs.
142. ed;D}yhh; rhh;ngOj;Jf;fs; 10 : njhy;fhg;gpah; 3
143. rhh;ngOj;Jf;fspd; tphp 369
144. Gj;jk; Gj;Jiu vOjpath; rptQhd Kdpth;
145. Mrphpa tpUj;jj;jhy; ed;D}Yf;F ciu vOjpath; - Mz;bg;Gyth;
146. Jiw tifapy; ,yf;fzk; $Wk; E}y; - mfg;nghUs; tpsf;fk; 5 ,ay;fs; 252
E}w;ghf;fs;.
147. gd;dpU ghl;bay; %d;W ,ay;fs; - 204 E}w;ghf;fs;
148. fypj;Jiwg; ghl;bay; vd miof;fg;gLtJ – etePjg; ghl;bay; 108 ghly;fs;
149. tiuaWj;j ghl;baypd; NtWngah; - rk;ge;jg; ghl;bay; 10 ghly;fs;
150. rpjk;gug;ghl;bay; - guQ;N[hjpahh; 5 ,ay;fs; 47 ghly;fs;
151. ek;kho;thh; ngahpy; vOjg;gl;l mzp ,yf;fzE}y; - khwdyq;fhuk; 4 ,ay; -
nghUszpfs; 64
152. ,iwadhh; fstpaYf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf cs;s E}y; - ghz;bf;Nfhit
60 PG TRB TAMIL

153. fstpaw; fhhpiff;F fhl;lhfr; Rl;lj;jf;f E}y; - jpUf;Nfhitahh;

154. rpjk;gur; nra;Al;Nfhit FkuFUguh; - ghly; jiytd; rptngUkhd;
155. rhh;ngOj;Jf;fs; 9 vd;W $Wk; E}y; ,yf;fztpsf;fk;
,e;E}Yf;F vjpuhf vOjg;gl;lJ ,yf;fz tpsf;fr; #whtsp - rptQhd Kdpth;
156. njhd;D}y; 370 E}w;gh
157. rhh;ngOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;L vdf; $WtJ – Kj;JtPhpak;. nky;ypdk; jiyia ,lkhff;
nfhz;L gpwf;Fk; vdf; $WfpwJ
158. re;jpuhNyhfk; - 100 mzpfs; 126 E}w;ghf;fs;
159. Nkhid,y;yh Kj;jkpo;g;ghl;L ehzkpy;yh eq;iff;F xg;ghNk vd;W $Wk; E}y; -
mWtif ,yf;fzk;
160. Vohk; ,yf;fzk; vOjpath; - jz;lghzp Rthkpfs;
161. tpUj;jg;ghtpay; vOjpath; - tPug;g Kjypahh;
162. ahg;G E}y; - rutzj; jkpod;
163. tlnkhopr; nrhw;fs; jkpopy; toq;Fk; Kiw Fwpj;J vOjg; ngw;w E}y; - ,yf;fzr;
re;jphpif - Rd;dhfk; m.Fkhurhkpg;gps;is
164. Ie;jpyf;fzq;fisAk; ciueilapy; $Wk; E}y; - gQ;r yl;rzk;
165. njd;D}y; - ghtyNuW ghyRe;judhh; - %d;W glyk;
166. ,yf;fz Mrphpah;fSs; Nguhrphpah; vd;W jkpo; ehtyh; rhpij $Wgth; FztPu
gz;bjh;
167. tpsp Ntw;Wikf;F cUGfs; $Wk; E}y; tPuNrhopak;
168. ed;D}y; - vOj;J - 202 E}w;ghf;fs; : nrhy; - 205 E}w;ghf;fs;
169. jpthfu epfz;L $Wk; mzpfspd; vz;zpf;if 28
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170. jkpo; tuyhw;W ,yf;fzk; M.NtYg;gps;is
171. ,sk;g+uzj;jpd; Foe;ij vdr; Rl;lg;gLk; E}y; - ed;D}y;
172. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F tlnkhop kuigj; jOtp ciu vOjpath; Nrdhtiuah;
173. mWrPh;f;fop nebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jk; - ,jpy; tUk; fop - chpr;nrhy;
174. gFjpNa njhopw;ngauhf khWtJ Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngah; nra; - vjph;kiwj;
njhopw;ngah; - nra;ahik
175. jhd;> jhk;> vy;yhk;; - jpiz nghJg; ngah;fs;
176. fhyf;fpstp vdg;gLtJ tpidr;nrhy;
177. nky;yg; Ngrpdhd;. ,jpy; tUk; nky;y vd;gJ Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;
178. nrj;jhh; ,jd; gFjp rh
179. GyT Jwe;j nghpNahd; - ,sk;g+uzhh;
180. ,uz;Nl vOj;Jf;fspy; tUk; cfuk; - neby; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
181. eyk; - eyd; ,r;nrhw;fspy; tUk; Nghyp - filg;Nghyp
182. mz;zDk; jk;gpAk; - ,jpy; cs;s ck;ik vz;Zk;ik
183. mtpeak; 20 tifahd nghUs;Nfhs; gw;wpg; NgRfpwJ.
184. ngz; klNyWtjw;F ,yf;fzk; $Wk; E}y; gd;dpU ghl;bay;
185. Gd;nkhopfspy; ftp ghLNthd; nts;isf;ftp
186. me;jzh;fisg; ghLk; ghtif ntz;gh
187. murh;f;FhpaJ - Mrphpag;gh
188. tzpfh;f;FhpaJ - fypg;gh
189. Ntshsh; - tQ;rpg;gh
190. ,yf;fz tpsf;fr; #whtspia Xh; mepaha fz;ldk; vd;wth;
rp.it.jhNhkjuk;gps;is
191. epyj;jpd; tifia Kg;gj;ije;jhff; $Wk; E}y; - gpuge;jj;jpul;L
192. gpuge;j jPgpif - Kj;J Ntq;f Rg;igah
61 PG TRB TAMIL

193. me;jhjpiaj; jkpopy; ,WKfk; vd;gh;

194. jpiug;ghlYf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wk; E}y; - ahg;G E}y;
195. ‘vQ;rh kz;eir Nte;jid Nte;jd; mQ;Rjf; jiyr; nrd;W mly; Fwpj;jy;’ –
tQ;rpj;jpiz
196. njhd;ik jhNd ciunahL Gzh;ej ; goik Nkw;Nw – njhy;fhg;gpak;
197. ee;Jk; KuSk; - <uwpTaph;
198. E}y;> fufk;> Kf;Nfhy; vd;gd me;jzh;f;Fhpad
199. fpuhkl;bfh jKypfh E}yhrphpah; rPfd; ghy;F
200. njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfis ep\j nkhopfs; vd;wth; khf;];Ky;yh;
201. jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpay; Ma;tpd; je;ij fhy;Lnty;
202. ,e;jpa nkhopfNshL jpuhtpl nkhopfs; njhlh;Gilad vd;wth; fhy;Lnty;
203. fhy;Lnty; Fwpg;gpl;l jpuhtpl nkhopfs; 12
204. jpuhtpl nkhopfs; 14 vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lth; fphpah;]d;
205. jpuhtpl nkhopfspd;; mbr;nrhy; mfuhjp jahhpj;Njhh; - gh;Nuh> vkNdh
206. njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfis Ma;thsh;fs; kyghh; (m jKypf; vd;wdh;
207. Fkhpy gl;lh; - Me;jpu jpuhtpl gh\h
208. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s nkhopf;FLk;gq;fs; ehd;F
209. gpuhFap nkhop gYrp];jhdj;jpy; Ngrg;gLfpwJ
210. jpuhtpl nkhopfs; xl;Lepiy nkhopfs;
211. njd;jpuhtpl nkhopfs; xd;gJ
212. ePyfphpapy; Ngrg;gLk; nkhopfs; glfh> Njhlh>Nfhlh
213. jpuhtpl nkhopfspy; tlnkhopj; jhf;fk; Fiwe;j nkhop jkpo;
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214. jpuhtplk; vd;gjpypUe;J jkpo; te;jJ vd;wth; fhy;Lnty;
215. njYq;fh;fSk; fd;dlh;fSk; jkpio mutk; vd;wdh;
216. kiyahsnkhopf;F ,yf;fzk;> mfuhjp tFj;jth; - Fz;lh;l;
217. fd;dl nkhopapd; tl;lhu tof;F> Njthq;fh fd;dlk;
218. JS NgRk; gFjp re;jpufphp> fy;ahzGhp MWfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l gFjp
219. JS nkhopf;F ,yf;fzk; vOjpath; gphpfy;
220. caph; xyp ,iaG kpFe;J tUk; nkhop njYq;F
221. fPo; caph;fs; m>M; Kd;Daphp;fs; ,>< ; gpd;Daph;fs; X.X ,ilKd;Daph;fs;
v>V; ,ilg; gpd;Daph;fs; X>X
222. a>t nkhopapayhh; miu caph;fs; vd;gh;
223. xypad;fs; ,ize;j nghUs; jUk; mirfs; - cUgd;fs;
224. jdp cUgd;fs; M(gR) V (mk;G)
225. xyp gpwf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fhl;Lk; fUtp yhhpq;fh];Nfhg;
226. mbg;gil capnuhypfs; %d;W m , c
227. ,uz;L Fwpy;fspd; Nrh;f;ifNa neby; vd;wth; fhy;Lnty;
228. Fw;wpaYfuk; ½ khj;jpiu
229. Xhpdkhjy; - kuk; + nfhk;G = kuf;nfhk;G
230. %f;nfhypia tlnkhopapy; mqp];thuk; vd;gh;
231. g+jd;je;ij – g+e;ij vd;W khWtJ k&c
232. gpb> mb vd;gd Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngah;fs;
233. Cz;>NfL vd;gd Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah;fs;
234. xU nka;apd; Kd; NtW nka; kaq;FtJ – Ntw;Wepiy nka;k;kaf;fk;
235. xU nka;apd; Kd; mk;nka;Na kaq;FtJ – cldpiy nka;k;kaf;fk;
236. jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; czh;j;jty;yd - chpikr; nrhw;fs;
237. nrhw;fspd; nghUs; gw;wp Muha;tJ – nrhw;nghUspay;
62 PG TRB TAMIL

238. nrhw;fs; thf;fpakhf khWtJ gw;wp Muha;tJ – nrhw;nwhlhpay;

239. nrhw;fspd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp Ma;tJ nrhw;gpwg;gpay;
240. ghy;fhl;Lk; tpFjpfisj; njhy;fhg;gpah; ghywp fpstp vd;fpwhh;.
241. Xh; cUgidf; fhl;Lk; gy;NtW cUGfis khw;WUGfs; vd;gh;.
242. cl;gpizg;G epiy nkhopfs; - rk];fpUjk; rPdk;
243. khw;wpyf;fzj;jpd; je;ij – Nehk; rhk;];fp
244. tpsf;f nkhopapaypd; je;ij GSk; gPy;L
245. tuyhw;W xg;G nkhopapaypd; je;ij fphPk;
246. tq;fhs uh[;k`hy; Fd;Wg;gFjp kf;fs; NgRk; nkhop – khy;Nlh
247. Mnlhypia cz;lhf;Fk; vOj;J – w
248. nkhopapd; ,Wjpapy; tuhj caph; vOj;J – xs
249. nrag;gLnghUs; Ntw;Wik vd;gJ ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik
250. cldpfo;rr ; pg; nghUspy; tUtJ - %d;whk; Ntw;Wik
251. ,lg;nghUs; - Vohk; Ntw;Wik
252. njhz;L vd;w nrhy; Fwpg;gpLk; vz; - xd;gJ
253. ,ul;ilg; gd;ikf;Fr; rhd;W - Ith;fs;
254. ‘fpy;’ vd;gJ ,ilr;nrhy;
255. jkpod; vd;w nrhy;iy Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpath; mg;gh;
256. xd;gJ caph;fNs nkhop ,Wjpapy; tUk; vdf; $Wk; E}y; - Nekpehjk;
257. vjpnuhypr; nrhw;fs; Kz;lhnkhop
258. ,lf;fulf;fiyj; njhy;fhg;gpah; mitay; fpstp vd;fpwhh;
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259. RNkhpah;fNshL njhlh;Gilait Mg;G tbt vOj;Jf;fs;
260. v>x vd;w vOj;Jf;fis ,d;wpUf;Fk; Fwpy; neby; tbtj;jpw;F khw;wpath;
tPukhKdpth;
261. fhud;> rhyp tpFjpfs; - ehaf;fh; fhyj; jkpo;
262. vOj;jpyf;fzf; Nfhl;ghL> nrhy;ypyf;fzf; Nfhl;ghL – nr.it.rz;Kfk;
263. jkpo;nkhop tuyhW> nj.ngh.kP R.rf;jpNty;
264. jw;fhyj; jkpo; kuG – gukrptk;
265. tl;nlOj;J jkpop vOj;jpypUe;J tsh;e;jJ
266. tl;nlOj;J fpK 3k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J tof;fj;jpw;F te;jJ
267. tlnkhopia vOj cjtpa vOj;J fpue;j vOj;J
268. fpue;jk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F E}y; vd;W nghUs;
269. Njtehfhp vOj;J fpgp Mwhk; Ew;whz;by; tof;fj;jpypUe;jJ
270. FlNthiy Kiwiaf; Fwpg;gpLk; fy;ntl;L – cj;juNk&h; fy;ntl;L
271. fy;ntl;by; cs;s jpUNkdpfs; vd;gJ nja;t cUtk;
272. kf;fs; cUtq;fisg; gpujpkq;fs; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd
273. ,we;j muridg; Gijj;j ,lk; gs;spg;gil
274. rpj;jd;d thrypy; cs;s rkzg;gLiff;F Vobg;gl;lk; vd;W ngah;
275. gzpj tzpfd; - rh;f;fiu tpahghhp; nfhO tzpfd; - ,Uk;G tpahghhp
276. Nrhoh;fhy muR mjpfhhpfs; fUkpfs; vdg;gl;ldh;
277. Nghhpy; ,we;j tPuh;fspd; FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l ,iwapyp epyq;fs cjpug;gl;b
278. kNfe;jputh;kd; ehlfk; vOjpdhd; rhd;W – kz;lfg;gl;L fy;ntl;L
279. nrg;NgLfs; vOJk; Kiwiaf; $Wtd – tp\;ZGuhzk;> ahf;Qty;fpak;
280. $uk; nrg;NgL $Wk; gl;b vd;gJ 1200 Fop nfhz;lJ
281. rkzh;fspd; cz;zh Nehd;Gf;F mirdk; vd;W ngah;
282. fz;zhyf; fhdk; jpUkz thp: fj;jpf; fhzk; - MAj thp
283. Frf;fhzk; vd;gJ Fath;fs; nrYj;Jk; thp
63 PG TRB TAMIL

284. $yk; vd;gJ jhdpa thpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;

285. $w;wk; vd;gJ xU tif ehl;Lg;gphpT
286. nfhf;Ftha; vdf; fy;ntl;L $WtJ – xU tif mzpfyd;
287. gzpg;ngz;izf; Fwpg;gpLk; fy;ntl;Lr; nrhy; - nts;shl;b
288. fy;ntl;Lf;fiy eLfy;ypypUe;J njhlq;FfpwJ
289. nka;f;fPh;j;jpfspy; goikahdJ – guhe;jfd; neLQ;riladpd; nrg;Ngl;L
nka;f;fPh;j;jpfs;
290. nka;f;fPh;j;jpfs; Nrhoh; fhyj;jpy; rhpahd tbtk; ngw;wd
291. kd;dhpd; Gfiog; ghLtd nka;f;fPh;j;jpfs;
292. nka;f;fPh;j;jpfSf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wtd ghl;bay; E}y;fs;
293. fhe;jSh;r; rhiy fykWj;jUspatd; - Kjyhk; ,uh[uh[d;
294. ef;fthuk; vd nka;f;fPh;j;jpfs; Fwpg;gpLtJ – epf;Nfhghh; jPTfs;
295. fy;ntl;by; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s rjpaGNjh vd;gJ mjpakhd;
296. jkpop vOj;J tbtj;ijj; njd; ,e;jpag; gpuhkp vd;wioj;jdh;
297. rk];fpUjj;ijr; rhpahf vOjg; gad;gl;l vOj;J fpue;j vOj;J
298. jha;khkidf; Fwpf;Fk; fy;ntl;Lr; nrhy; - mk;khd;
299. mWit thzpfd; - Jzp tpw;Nghd; - MFjp – Nts;tpapy; tpLk; nea;
300. <uq;nfhy;yp – tz;zhh; - ctr;rd; - giwaiwNthd;
301. Ntshsh; gaphpLk; epyk; fhuhz;ik
302. Fjk;ig - fhjzp
303. Gj;jhiliaf; fy;ntl;L $iw vdf; $WfpwJ
304. fy;ntl;L Fwpg;gpLk; Nrhjp ehs; vd;gJ ngsh;zkp ehs;
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305. thpt#y; nra;Ak; jiyik mjpfhhp –jz;ly; ehafk;
306. jpUKfk; vd;gJ murhiz
307. murd; $Wtjf; Fwpg;ngLg;gth; - jpUtha;f;Nfs;tp
308. rkz ngsj;j Myaq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l epyf;nfhil- gs;spr;re;jk;
309. nghw;nfhy;yh; nrYj;Jk; thp – jl;lhh;g;gl;lk;
310. ,uhah; vd;w gl;lk; ngw;Nwhh; Njtubahh;fs; - RrPej; uk; fy;ntl;L (rhd;W)
311. ehl;baj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l gl;lk; - jiyf;Nfhyp
312. njd;dpe;jpaf; fhRfs; E}yhrphpah; - rh; thy;lh; vypal;
313. gz;lhuk; vdf; fy;ntl;L $WtJ – fUt+yk;
314. ahidNky; JQ;rpa Njtd; - ,uhrhjpj;jd;
315. mhpf;fNkl;by; fpgp Kjy; ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L NuhkhGhp ehzaq;fs; fpilj;Js;sJ.
316. fsg;gpuh;fshy; Vw;gl;l murpay; khWjy;fs; - Nts;tpf;Fbr;nrg;NgLfs;
317. kJiuapy; jkpo;r;rq;fk; Njhw;Wtpj;j rkzh; tr;rpuee;jp – fpgp 470
318. fpgp 5k; E}w;whz;L tiuAs;s fy;ntl;Lf;fs; gpuhkpf; fy;ntl;Lfs;
319. gy;yth;fhyf; fy;ntl;Lfspy; ifahsg;gl;l ypgp – gy;yt fpue;jk;
320. Nrhoh; fhyr; nrg;NgLfspy; khngUk; nrg;NgL – jpUthyq;fhL
321. gy;yth; gw;wpa Fwpg;G - `pa+d; Rthq;
322. jkpofk; - muG thzpfj; njhlh;G - muhgpa vOj;jhsh;fs; - ,GNd `hf;fhy;>
<];lhf;
323. ntdp]; gazp – khh;f;NfhNghNyh 1293
324. kJuhtp[ak; - fq;fhNjtp
325. njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtk; - [Pd;> mf;Nlhgh;> tlfpof;Fg; gUtk; - mf;Nlhgh;> brk;gh;
326. fiuNahuq;fspy; fly;ePh; cl;GFe;J Njq;fpapUg;gd - fhay;fs;
327. mfd;w Fopfspy; gpzq;fisg; Gijf;Fk; tof;fk; ngUq;fw;GijTf;fhyk;
328. jkpofj;jpy; Gjpa fw;fhyj;ijaLj;J ,Uk;Gf; fhyk; njhlq;fpaJ
64 PG TRB TAMIL

329. hpf; Ntjj;jpy; ,UgJ jpuhtplr; nrhw;fs; ,Ug;gjhff; $wpath; gh;Nuh

330. rpe;Jntsp Muha;r;rpapy; kpfTk; Gfo; ngw;wth; `Puh]; ghjphpahh;
331. njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;iw Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jth; \pg;ghy];
332. atdh; je;j jz;fko; Njwy; - Gwk;
333. atdh; je;j tpidkhz; ed;fyk;- mfk;
334. rhj;jpuk; gyNgRk; rof;fh;fhs;> Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh; - mg;gh;
335. rhjpFynkd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk; Mjkpyp ehNad; - khzpf;fthrfh;
336. ‘ghz;ltg; ghjhsd;’ Gj;jh;
337. ee;jh;fis mLj;J jkpofj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLj;jth;fs; nkshpah;
338. KUfg;ngUkhdpd; $whff; fUjj;jf;ftd; - cUj;jpurd;kd;
339. ];buhNgh> gpspdp – fpgp Kjy; Ew;. jhykp – fpgp 2k; E}w;
340. jkpofj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; Nuhk ehzaq;fs; - mf];l];> ilgPhpa]; fhyj;jit
341. GJr;Nrhpia atdh;fs; ‘nghJif’ vd;wioj;jdh;
342. mhpf;fNkl;Lg; ghid XLfs; - ,j;jhyp ehl;bd; mhpl;ild; ghid XLfs;
343. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhyj;jhy; gpw;gl;lJ fypj;njhif
344. FwpQ;rpf;fypg; ghly;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ik – iff;fpis> ngUe;jpiz
345. rq;f E}w;fspy; tlnrhy; kpFjp – ghpghlypy;
346. gj;Jg;ghl;by; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilapy; tlnrhy; kpFjp
347. neLey;thilapy; thdtpay; Fwpg;G cs;sJ. GWehD}w;wpy; - ,uhrpfs;
348. Iah; ,r;nrhy; 15k; E}w;whz;L tiu ,iwtidf; Fwpj;J epd;wJ
349. njhy;fhg;gpak; fhyj;jhy; gpw;gl;lJ vdf; fUJgth; itahGhpg;gps;is
350. Kj;jiuah; gw;wpa Fwpg;G ehybahh;
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351. ehl;Lg;Gw tpohf;fis ney;iyapy; nfhil vd;gh;
352. gpl;Lj; jpUtpoh kJiuapy; eilngWk;
353. gftjp ngahpy; Nru ehl;by; fz;zfptpoh eilngWfpwJ
354. xUKiy aWj;j jpUkh cz;zp – ew;wpiz
355. rpyk;G> Nkfiy ngha; vdf; $Wgth; K.A.ePyfz;l rh];jphp
356. Ik;ngUq;FO> vz;Nguhak; gw;wp Kjypy; $Wk; E}y;fs; rpyk;G> Nkfiy
357. rpyk;G> Nkfiy 8k; E}w;whz;L vd;gth; vy;.b. Rthkpf;fz;Zg;gps;is.
358. VOehs; fhy msthfpa thuj;ijg; gw;wpa Fwpg;G Fwspy; cs;sJ
359. goe;jkpoh; tpahoidg; nghd;> rdpia ePyd;>fhhp vd;W Rl;bdh;
360. jpiz vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;Ff; Fb vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L
361. njhy;fhg;gpah; guj;ijaiuf; fhkf;fpoj;jpah; vd;fpwhh;
362. jpUts;Sth; tiutpd; kfsph;> nghUl;ngz;bh; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;
363. fy;tpf;fhd gphpT 3 Mz;Lfs;
364. g+g;gile;j ngz;fs; fye;njhlh kfsph;
365. murh; mzpAk; rl;ilf;Ff; fQ;Rfk; vd;W ngah;
366. Fuk;ig – FwpQ;rp Ky;iy epy kf;fspd; Fbirapd; ngah;
367. ehsq;fhb – gfw;fil : my;yq;fhb - ,uTf;fil
368. rq;ffhy thzpgk; – gz;lkhw;W Kiw
369. yl;rk; vd;w Ngnuz;iz E}whapuk; vd;Nw Fwpg;gpl;ldh;
370. jpUts;Sth; fhyj;jpy; Nfhb te;Jtpl;lJ Nfhbf;FNky; nts;sk;> Mk;gy;> jhkiu
371. 21 euk;Gfs; cilaJ - Nghpaho;
372. 19 euk;Gfs; cilaJ - kfuaho;
373. 14 euk;Gfs; cilaJ - rNfhlaho;
374. 7 euk;Gfs; cilaJ - nrq;Nfhl;baho;
375. 1000 euk;Gfs; cilaJ - Mjpaho;
65 PG TRB TAMIL

376. fzf;fhah; vd;gth; fy;tp gapw;Weh;

377. jkpo; neLq;fzf;fpy; rpwg;ghff; fhzg;gLgit /> o>
378. Nts;tpf;Fbr; nrg;NgLfs; GfOk; kd;dd; - gy;ahfrhiy KJFLkpg; ngUtOjp
379. Ma; mz;bud; Mz;l gFjp – nghjpa kiy
380. fsg;gpuh;fs; Mjhpj;j nkhop – gpuhfpUjk;> ghyp
381. ngsj;jk; flTs; ,y;iy vd;fpwJ. rkzh; - mUfd;
382. rpk;ktp\;Ztpd; mitg;Gyth; ghuhtp fpuhjhh;r;RdPak;
383. ghiwiaf; File;J Nfhapy; mikf;Fk; kuG kNfe;jpud;
384. kNfe;jpuDila ,irg;Gyikf;Fr; rhd;W – FLkpahd; kiyf; fy;ntl;L
385. thjhgp nfhz;lhd; - eurpk;kth;kd;
386. rptDf;Fj; jd; neQ;rpNyNa Nfhapy; vOg;gpath; g+ryhh; ehadhh;
387. fow;rpq;f ehadhh; - ,uz;lhk; eurpk;kth;kd;
388. ‘mtdp ehuhazd;’ %d;whk; ee;jpth;kd;
389. kNfe;jputh;kd; irtdhd gpwF jpUg;ghjphpg; Gypa+hpypUe;j rkzg; gs;spia ,bj;J
jpUtjpifapy; Fzg;gjPrR ; uk; vd;w Nfhapiy vOg;gpdhd;
390. rkz ngsj;jj;ijr; rhbath; rk;ge;jh;
391. Kjiy cz;l gps;isia kPl;lth; Re;juh;
392. Vopiraha; ,irg;gadha; vd ,iwtidg; ghbath; Re;juh;
393. iff;fpisj; jpizf;Fhpa aho; - ahkaho;
394. khzpf;fthrfh; vd;gJ rptd; #l;ba ngah;
395. rptGuhzk; jpUthrfj; njhFg;gpy; Kjyplk; ngw;Ws;sJ
396. khzpf;fthrfh; fhy Muha;r;rp - kiwkiy mbfs;
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397. Re;juh; jpUj;njhz;lh; njhifapy; khzpf;fthrfiur; Nrh;f;ftpy;iy
398. nrse;jh;a yfhp – Mjprq;fuh;
399. rpj;jhe;jk;> rkur rd;khh;ff; k; nrhw;fis Kjypy; Mz;lth; jpU%yh;
400. jpUthyq;fhl;by; mbnaLj;J itf;f mQ;rpath; rk;ge;jh;
401. ghuj ntz;gh – ngUe;Njtdhh; - %d;whk; ee;jpth;kd; fhyk;
402. fhQ;rp cyfse;j ngUkhs; Nfhapy; – fl;batd; - ,uz;lhk; ee;jpth;kd;
403. khkz;^h; Vhp> cj;jpuNk&h; Vhp – Kjyhk; kNfe;jputh;kd;
404. gpuhkzh;fSf;Fj; jhdkhf toq;fg;gl;l epyk; - gpukNjak;
405. ngsj;j> rkzf; Nfhapy;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l epyk; - gs;spr;re;jk;
406. epyg;gug;ig tiuaiw nra;Ak; Xiy – tiuNahiy
407. jQ;irapy; epRk;g#jpdp Nfhapiy vOg;gpatd; - tp[ahyad;
408. tPuNrhod; - guhe;jfd; - jpy;iyak;gyg; nghw;$iu Nta;e;jtd;
409. fz;luhjpj;jd; kidtp nrk;gpad; khNjtp
410. nghd;khspifj; JQ;rpa Nrhod; - Re;juNrhod;
411. fhe;jSh;r; rhiy fykWj; jUspatd; - ,uh[uh[d; (1985-1014)
412. goe;jPTfs; vd;gd khyj;jPTfs;
413. ‘rlhth;kd; Re;jughz;bad;’ (gl;lk;) ,uhrhjpuhrd;
414. fhbfk; vd;gJ flhuk; – er;rh;
415. MidNky; JQ;rpa kd;dd; - Kjyhk; ,uhrhjpuhrd;
416. fypq;fg;Nghh; - Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd; (1096)
417. murDf;F mDf;fj;jpypUe;J njhz;L nra;gth;fs; Ntisf;fhuh;fs;
418. KUfid Ntisf;fhug; ngUkhNs vdg;ghbath; mUzfphpehjh;
419. gy fpuhkq;fs; Nrh;e;jJ $w;wk; - gy $w;wk; - tsehL – gytsehL – kz;lyk;
420. gpwh; eyj;Jf;fhf caph;tpl;lth;fspd; thhpRfSf;Fj; jhdkhf toq;fg;gl;l epyk;
cjpugl;b
66 PG TRB TAMIL

421. gpuhkzh; FbapUg;Gfs; mfuk;> gpukNjak;> rJh;Ntjp kq;fyk;

422. fpuhkq;fspd; Ml;rpia elj;jp te;j FOf;fs; - rig
423. coTj; njhopy; nra;j Ntshz; FOf;fs; rpj;jpuNkop vdg;gl;ld
424. Nrhoh;fhy Njh;jy; Kiw FlNthiy Kiw
425. Nrhoh;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; nrhj;Jhpik ngw;wpUe;jdh;
426. ,irapYk; $j;jpYk; ty;y ngz;fs; - Njtubahh; vdg;gl;ldh;
427. Xtpaj;Jf;Fj; jkpopy; tl;bifr; nra;jp vd;W ngah;
428. tz;zk; jPl;Ltjw;F Kd;G fhzg;gLtJ - Gidah Xtpak;
429. VWjOTk;NghJ Koq;Fk; giw Vwq;Nfhl;giw
430. rpwF Kisj;Jg; gwe;J nry;Yk; ghk;Gf;Ff; Ff;Fl rh;g;gk; vd;W ngah;
431. ngz;fs; mUe;jpa kJ fhkghdk;
432. irt rkaj;jpd; Kbthd nfhs;if – irt rpj;jhe;jk;
433. Nfhapy; Guhzk; - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
434. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpa gpuge;jj;Jf;F ,irAk; tFj;jth; - ehjKdpfs;
435. fhq;Nfad; Nfhit xl;lf;$j;jh; - mUk;igj; njhs;shapuk;
436. tpehfh; mfty; - xsitahh;
437. tlnkhop nusut Mfkj;jpd; nkhopngah;g;Ng rptQhdNghjk; vd;gh;
439. jpy;iy tho; me;jzh;jk; mbahh;f;Fk; mbNad; - Re;juh;
440. ‘vk;kz;lyKk; nfhz;lUspatd;’ khwth;kd; FyNrfud;
441. khh;f;NfhNghNyh Fwpg;gpLk; ghz;ba efuk; - fhay;gl;bdk;
442. Fkhufk;gzpd; kidtp fq;fhNjtp
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443. tp[aefu Ml;rp 1344 y; ,Ue;J njhlq;FfpwJ
444. tp[aefug; Nguurpd; tpo;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhdJ jiyf;Nfhl;ilg;Nghh;
445. NuhkhGhp Iah; - uhgh;l; b nehgpyp
446. jQ;ir kuhl;ba muirj; njhlq;fpatd; Ntq;fh[p
447. fpotd; NrJgjp Mz;lJ - ,uhkehjGuk;
448. ,e;Jf;fspd; gof;f tof;fq;fSk; rlq;FfSk; - mNg JNg - gpnuQ;R
449. re;jg;gh ghLtjpy; tpy;ypGj;J}uhUf;F ,iz mUzfphpehjh;
450. mUzfphpahh; rk;ge;jhz;lDld; thjpl;L ntd;whh;
451. fe;jGuhzk; - 10346 ghly;fs;
452. Fsj;J ePUf;Fs; <l;bfis ehl;bj; jiyfPohf mjpy; tpOtJ – fUkhwp gha;
453. jpUf;Fwspd; RUf;fk; vdg;gLtJ ePjpnewp tpsf;fk; - FkuFUguh;
454. Kf;$lw;gs;S ehlfk; - Ntyd; rpd;dj;jk;gp vd;Dk; vd;dhapdhg; Gyth;
455. guhkhh;j; FU fij – Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;
456. mKjhk;gpif gps;isj;jkpo; - rptQhd Kdpth;
457. gpnuQ;Rf; fth;dh; &g;Nsf;Fj; Jizahf ,Ue;jth; Mde;juq;fk;gps;is
458. fpof;fpe;jpaf; fk;ngdp 1600-brk;gh; 31
459. ,e;jpahTf;Fs; mbnaLj;J itj;j Kjy; INuhg;gpah; Nghh;r;Rr;fPrpah;
460. th];Nfhlfhkh - 1498 - fs;spf;Nfhl;il
461. lr;Rf;fhuh;fspd; jiyefuk; - ehfg;gl;bdk;
462. gpnuQ;Rf; fpof;fpe;jpaf; fk;ngdp 1664
463. NtY}h;f; fyfk; 1806
464. Fbkf;fs; muRf;F Neubahf thp nrYj;JtJ uaj;Jthhp Kiw
465. Kjypy; rpWth;fisg; gs;spapy; itg;gJ – Rtb J}f;Fjy;
466. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk; 1857> fpwpj;Jtf; fy;Y}hp 1837> gr;irag;gd; 1841
467. fz;%bg; gof;fnky;yhk; kz;%bg;Nghf ,uhkypq;fh;
67 PG TRB TAMIL

468. jpt;tpa Qhd rig – gpshtl;];fp mk;ikahh;

469. khz;NlF nrk;];Nghh;L rPh;jpUj;jk; 1919
470. N`hk;&y; ,af;fk; - md;dp ngrz;l;
471. xj;Jioahik ,af;fk; 1920
472. njd;dpe;jpa ey chpikr; rq;fk; - 1916 - gpd;dh; ePjpf;fl;rpahdJ
473. itf;fk; rj;jpahfpufk; 1925
474. cg;Gr; rj;jpahfpufk; 1930
475. kJtpyf;if eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jth; uh[h[p
476. nts;isaNd ntspNaW 1942Mf];L 9
477. Me;jpu khepyk; cUthdJ – 1953> Nfush 1956
478. nrd;id - jkpo;ehL 1967- Mf];L 18
479. nre;jkpo;r; nrhw;gpwg;gpay; mfuKjyp – nkhopQhapW - NjtNeag; ghthzh;
480. ehl;bag; gs;sp fyhN\j;uh - jpUthd;kpa+h;
481. FkuFUguh; ghly;fspy; ,e;jpr; nrhw;fs; mjpfk;
482. ahg;G – rPh;fspd; vz;zpf;if 30
483. khr;rPUk; tpsr;rPUk; mftw;rPh; (m) Mrphpa chpr;rPh;
484. fha;r;rhP ; ehd;Fk; - ntz;gh chpr;rPh;
485. fdpr;rPh; ehd;Fk; - tQ;rp chpr;rPh;
486. khKd; Neh; - Nenuhd;whrphpaj;ji
487. tpsk;Kd; epiu - epiu Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis
488. khKd; epiu> tpsk;Kd; Neh; - ,aw;rPh; ntz;lis
489. fha;Kd; Neh; - ntz;rPh; ntz;lis
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490. fha;Kd; epiu – fypj;jis
491. fdpKd; epiu – xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis
492. fdpKd; Neh; - xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis
493. rPh;fs; ,iae;J jisaLj;J KbtJ mb
494. njhilfs; vl;L tifg;gLk;
495. njhilfs; vitAk; nghUe;jhky; tUtJ nre;njhil
496. njhil + njhil tpfw;gq;fs; - 43
497. ntz;ghtpy; ehyirr;rPh; tuhJ Mrphpag;ghtpYk; Fw;Wfuk; te;Jopad;wp thuh
498. jisapd; NtWngah; ge;jk;
499. capusngilapy; nel;nlOj;NjOk; msngLf;Fk;.
*************
68 PG TRB TAMIL

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KJfiyj; jkpohrpupaHj;NjHTf;F cupaJ

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46. Nfhapy; xOF Fwpg;gpLk; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpapy; ,lk; ngWgth; – tp[aefukd;dh;

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86. Fe;jp epw;wy; FQ;rpjk;

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8. fpgp 470 ,y; tr;rpuee;jp vd;Dk; rkzh; kJiuapy; rq;fk; epWtpdhh;.

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32. xUKiy mWj;j jpUkhTz;zp - fz;zfp gw;wpaJ – ew;wpizapy; csJ.

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xt;nthU ghl;bd; ,WjpapYk; tz;zKk; J}f;Fk; JiwAk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

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69. fhyj;jhy; ngah; ngw;w E}y; - fhh; ehw;gJ

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112. jpUke;jpuj;jpy; jw;NghJ fpilf;Fk; ghly;fs; - 3047

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,tUld; re;jpg;G nfhz;bUe;jth; jpUkq;ifaho;thh;

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Ntjq;fis tpahrh; tifg;gLj;jpaJ Nghy ,th; jpUKiwfis tFj;jjhy; jkpo; tpahrh;

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157. jpUg;ghzho;thh;- = tj;]k; vd;Dk; jpUkUtpd; mk;rk; - ghzh;Fb

164. jkpo;newp tpsf;fk; - mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzk; - 25 E}w;ghf;fs;

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204. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; ngsj;jk; gw;wpa Fwpg;NgJk; ,y;iy

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224. ahg;gUq;fyk; - ahg;gUq;fy tpUj;jp vdTk; gLk;.

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244. jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - ,uhkhD[ E}w;we;jhjp

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261. gfopf;$j;jh; - jpUr;nre;J}h; KUfd; gps;isj;jkpo;

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289. er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; - cr;rpNky; Gyth;nfhs; er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; njhy;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> fyp>

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kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;juk; gps;is> vl;L me;jhjpfs; ghbAs;shh;

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13 cWg;Gfs; ,uz;lbf; fypj;jhopir

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ghly;fSf;F xU Kiw 22 ghly;fspy; ed;wp ghuhl;bAs;shh;.

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jdJ fy;yiwapy; ‘xU jkpo; khztd;’> vd vOjr; nra;jth;

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370. mUl;gh ghly; ngw;w jyq;fs; 14. itg;Gj; jyq;fs; 265

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11Mk; tajpy; ‘ghujp’ gl;lk;

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ehfh;Nfhtpiy mLj;j Nj&h;

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nfhiy thspid vllh – ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRe; jpUehl;L -

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Kjy; ftpij rphpg;gpd; epoy;

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428. GJf;ftpijia ‘ciug;gh’ vd;fpwhh; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;

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thndhypapy; Kjd;Kjypy; GJf;ftpij ghbath; - fz;zPiur; rphpf;ftpLNthk;> jpUe;jp

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478. nkd;jkpo; ciueilapd; Kjy;th; - jpU.tp.f

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496. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah; - uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is ‘nrhy;ypd;

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511. f.nts;isthuzdhh; - fhf;iftpL J}J> gd;dpU jpUKiw Muha;r;rp> njhy;fhg;gpa

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