Precursor Active Type Type Primary Biochemical Binding Group Functiona Ex

CoEnzyme (Prosthetic/Co (Activation- Biochemical Reaction l group

-Substrate) transfer/ Reaction Clarification
redox)

Thiamin (B1) TPP Prosthetic Activation- Transfer of Decarboxylation Pyrophosphat Reactive LDH
(Thiamin Transfer aldehyde reaction releasing e by chelating C Alpha-
Pyrophosphate group CO2 magnesium ketoglutarate
) Dehydrogenase

Riboflavin FMN Prosthetic Redox Transfer of It takes on —— —— Succinate

(B2) FAD electrons electron and one (Nitrogen dehydrogenase
proton at time of Which is found
forming FADH amine ) in the inner
which is a radical membrane of
but being the
prosthetic mitochondria
doesn’t free it up so it passes
and it becomes FADH2 directly
FADH2. to oxidative
Release forms phosphorylatio
keto group. n
Niacin (B3) NAD+ Co-Substrate Redox Transfer of It accepts two — C LDH
NADP+ electrons electrons and one opposite Hisidine forms
proton, another to the a hydrogen
proton is nitrogen bond with H of
released. in its ring OH of second C
NAD is used for structure. in Lactate
catabolism. (stabilizing it)
NADP is used for while NAD+
anabolism steals the
Disassociation adjacent
forms keto hydrogen on
group . the same
Carbon.
Pantothenat CoA Prosthetic Activation Transfer of Transfer of Acyl Adenosine Thiole Pyruvate
e (B5) transfer Acyl Group. Group yielding 3,5- dehydrogenase
high energy bisphosphate .
molecules
By formation of Condensation
acyl thioester of acetyl CoA
bond and
oxaloacetate
into citryl coA
then Citrate
that enters
citric acid cycle.
pyridoxine, Pyridoxal Prosthetic Activation Amine group Its aldehyde ——- Aldehyde AST
pyridoxal, Phosphate transfer transfer. binds to amine of Aspartate turns
pyridoxamin amino acid and to oxaloacetate
e pulls electrons Alpha
(B6) from it then ketoglutarate
releases it as keto turns to
acid then the glutamate
original keto acid
binds to the ALT
amine group on Alanine turns
the coenzyme to pyruvate
and gets released Alpha
with it forming ketoglutarate
the new amino turns to
acidi glutamate.
Biotin (B7) Biocytin Prosthetic Activation Carboxylatio —— Binds to lysine —— Pyruvate
transger n carboxylase
 Acetyl CoA
carboxylase
forming
Malony CoA
(fatty acid
synthesis
precursor)
Vitamin E Redox Works with
metals to
transfer
electrons to
O2.
Ascorbic Redox Hydroxylatio Takes down —— —— Prolyl
Acid (C) n of proline reactive oxygen hydroxylase
(As in species but this
collagen) turns it into a
Antioxidant radical but it still
not harmful
because of
resonance for the
extra electron.
(It turns here
from ascorbate to
dehydroascorbat
e)