Therapeutic Modalities 4th Edition

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Chapter 8 Clinical Application of Therapeutic Ultrasound

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. To ensure safe application of therapeutic ultrasound, how often should the unit be calibrated?
A. Once a year
B. Every 6 months
C. Every other year
D. Quarterly
____ 2. Ultrasound can only increase tissue temperatures when the treatment area is approximately _______ the size
of the effective radiating area.
A. two times
B. equal to
C. three times
D. one half
____ 3. Which of the following will not trigger the ultrasound unit to automatically shut down?
A. Application without a coupling medium
B. Insufficient contact between transducer and the skin
C. Unacceptable coupling medium is used
D. Too much coupling medium is used
____ 4. At a depth of 5 cm, what rate will tissue temperature increase when 1-MHz ultrasound is used at 2 W/cm2?
A. 0.04°C/minute
B. 0.2°C/minute
C. 0.3°C/minute
D. 0.4°C/minute
____ 5. Which coupling methods are best suited to treat an irregular area such as the talocrural joint?
A. Direct coupling and bladder technique
B. Bladder technique and immersion technique
C. Immersion technique and direct coupling
D. Direct coupling and pad technique
____ 6. Which of the following can increase when the contact area between the transducer and the tissue is decreased?
A. Spatial average intensity
B. Beam nonuniformity ratio
C. Effective radiating area
D. Peak intensity
____ 7. When utilizing the direct coupling method, which of the following represents an appropriate amount of
pressure to hold the transducer to the skin?
A. 0.2 lb
B. 1 lb
C. 1.5 lb
D. 2 lb
____ 8. Applying which technique before treatment will result in a more rapid increase in intramuscular temperature?
A. Moist heat pack
B. Shaving the skin
 C. Preheated coupling medium
D. Cooled coupling medium
____ 9. Which ultrasound coupling method will transmit the most energy and cause more heating?
A. Direct coupling
B. 1-cm-thick gel pad
C. 2-cm-thick gel pad
D. Direct coupling and gel pads (1 and 2 cm) each transmit the same energy
____ 10. Which water is ideal when using the immersion technique of ultrasound application?
A. Degassed water
B. Sterile water
C. Mineral water
D. Distilled water
____ 11. According to the practical evidence, which of the following is one of the most common errors when applying
therapeutic ultrasound?
A. Treating too small an area
B. Using too long of a treatment duration
C. Selecting the wrong output frequency
D. Selecting an output intensity that is too low
____ 12. What parameter is primarily responsible for determining whether the treatment effects will be thermal or
nonthermal?
A. Duty cycle
B. Output intensity
C. Transducer head
D. Spatial average intensity
____ 13. Which of the following represents a good ultrasound setup if nonthermal effects are desired?
A. Duty cycle of 25 percent and an intensity of 0.5 W per centimeter
B. Duty cycle of 25 percent and an intensity of 1.5 W per centimeter
C. Duty cycle of 50 percent and an intensity of 0.5 W per centimeter
D. Duty cycle of 50 percent and an intensity of 1.5 W per centimeter
____ 14. When using 3 MHz, what treatment duration should be used if vigorous heating is desired?
A. 10 to 12 minutes
B. 12 to 15 minutes
C. 3 to 4 minutes
D. 4 to 6 minutes
____ 15. When applying underwater ultrasound, about how far should the ultrasound head be from the body part?
A. 1 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 1 in.
D. 2 in.

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

____ 1. What does the U.S. Food and Drug Administration require to be indicated on the ultrasound generator or
transducer? Select all that apply.
 A. Output frequency
B. Effective radiating area (ERA)
C. Beam type
D. Beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR)
E. Maximum intensity output
____ 2. Which of the following are indications for the use of therapeutic ultrasound? Select all that apply.
A. Spasticity
B. Warts
C. Neuroma
D. Stress fracture
E. Ischemic area
____ 3. In which of the following scenarios is the use of therapeutic ultrasound contraindicated? Select all that apply.
A. Over lumbar region of menstruating female
B. Over sites of active infection
C. Ischemic area
D. Joint contracture
E. Over an area with scar tissue
____ 4. Which coupling mediums are not able to transmit any ultrasound energy? Select all that apply.
A. White petroleum gel
B. Myoflex cream
C. Eucerin cream
D. 10 percent hydrocortisone powder in ultrasound gel
E. Saran wrap
____ 5. Which of the following structures should be treated with 3-MHz ultrasound? Select all that apply.
A. Patellar tendon
B. Medial collateral ligament
C. Brachialis
D. Vastus intermedius
E. Rotator cuff
Chapter 8 Clinical Application of Therapeutic Ultrasound
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A PTS: 1
2. ANS: A PTS: 1
3. ANS: D PTS: 1
4. ANS: D PTS: 1
5. ANS: B PTS: 1
6. ANS: A PTS: 1
7. ANS: B PTS: 1
8. ANS: A PTS: 1
9. ANS: A PTS: 1
10. ANS: A PTS: 1
11. ANS: D PTS: 1
12. ANS: A PTS: 1
13. ANS: A PTS: 1
14. ANS: C PTS: 1
15. ANS: C PTS: 1

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1
2. ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1
3. ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1
4. ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1
5. ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1