GB1516 Sac 240 CV SP 0004 - A

EPC FOR INSTALLATION OF PWT,
REPUBLIC OF IRAQ
DOCUMENT DETAILS:
EMPLOYER CONTRACT NO. : 1516-23-DB-850-000
PROJECT TITLE : EPC for Installation of PWT Republic of Iraq
EMPLOYER : Gazprom Neft Badra B.V.
CONTRACTOR : Suhool Azmer Company.
CONTRACTOR JOB NO. : SAC
PROJECT DOCUMENT NO. : GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0004
REVISION NO. :A No. of pages (incl. sheet): 35
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION : SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS
REVISION DETAILS
A ISSUED FOR REVIEW 28/09/23 SS SAR AJ
REV DESCRIPTION DATE PRPD CHKD APPD
GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0004_Rev-A DOC PAGE SIZE: A4

Date: 28-Sep-23
Specifications For Roads
Doc. No. GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0004_Rev-A Page: 2 of 35
REVISION DESCRIPTION SHEET
Rev. Para. Revision Description
A ISSUED FOR REVIEW
Hold No Para. Description of Hold

Date: 28-Sep-23
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 5
2. PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................... 5
3. DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... 5
3.1. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 5
3.2. ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................................... 6
4. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ....................................................................................................... 6
5. CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 7
6. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES .............................................................. 8
7. ROADS ......................................................................................................................................... 8
7.1. ROADS............................................................................................................................................................ 8
7.2. DESCRIPTION OF ROADS .......................................................................................................................... 8
7.3. ROAD LAYER DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 9
7.4. ROAD DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................... 10
7.5. SUB-GRADE AND / OR FORMATION ..................................................................................................... 10
7.6. SUB-BASE AND ROAD BASE ................................................................................................................. 11
7.6.1. General ................................................................................................................. 11
7.6.2. Materials ............................................................................................................... 13
7.7. ASPHALT WORKS .................................................................................................................................... 14
7.7.1. Materials ............................................................................................................... 14
7.7.2. Marshall Design Base Course BC Type 1 ......................................................... 17
7.7.3. Tack Coat ............................................................................................................. 20
7.7.4. Marshall Design Wearing Course SC Type 1 .................................................... 21
7.8. SURFACE COURSE FOR GATCH ROAD ............................................................................................... 21
7.9. SHOULDERS .............................................................................................................................................. 22
7.10. PAVEMENT DESIGN ................................................................................................................................. 22
8. ROAD DETAILS ........................................................................................................................ 22
8.1. GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.2. WIDTH ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.3. ROAD JUNCTIONS & BENDS.................................................................................................................. 23
8.4. TRANSVERSE SLOPE .............................................................................................................................. 23
8.5. LONGITUDINAL SLOPES.......................................................................................................................... 23
8.6. CROSS SECTIONS OF ROADS............................................................................................................... 23
8.6.1. Internal Plant Roads and Asphalt Paved Areas ................................................ 23
8.7. MAINTENANCE TRACKS (GRADED ROADS) ....................................................................... 24
8.8. ROAD AT THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................................................. 24

Date: 28-Sep-23
8.9. DRAINAGE OF ROADS............................................................................................................................. 24

8.10. ROADS CROSSING NATURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ........................................................................ 24
8.11. PARKING AREAS ...................................................................................................................................... 24
8.12. KERBS ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
8.13. PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING SLAB.................................................................................................. 25
8.14. PRECAST CONCRETE INTERLOCKING BLOCK WORK PAVING ................................................... 25
8.15. TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKINGS............................................................................................. 26
8.16. VEHICLE CRASH BARRIERS.................................................................................................................. 27
8.17. ROAD CROSSINGS................................................................................................................................... 27
8.18. ROAD LIGHTING ....................................................................................................................................... 27
8.19. HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL CLEARANCE ........................................................................................... 28
8.20. EROSION PROTECTION OF SLOPES, EMBANKMENTS, DITCHES, ANDOPEN DRAINS ............. 28
8.20.1. General description.............................................................................................. 28
8.20.2. Functional Requirements .................................................................................... 28
8.20.3. Inside Battery Limits ............................................................................................ 29
8.21. INSPECTION BEFORE COMMENCEMENT ............................................................................................. 29
8.22. INSPECTION DURING THE WORK .......................................................................................................... 29
8.23. EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................................................ 30
8.24. THICKNESS AND FINISH ......................................................................................................................... 30
8.25. MAINTENANCE AND GUARANTEE ....................................................................................................... 30
9. ROAD CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................................................... 30
9.1. SITE CLEARANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 30
9.2. ROAD CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 31
9.3. CONSTRUCTION METHODS .................................................................................................................... 32
9.4. PLACEMENT AND COMPACTION............................................................................................................ 32
9.5. TOLERANCES............................................................................................................................................. 33
10. TESTS ........................................................................................................................................ 34
10.1. SAMPLING AND TESTING........................................................................................................................ 34
11. WORKS IN RELATION TO SERVICES .................................................................................. 35
12. TYPICAL ROAD DETAILS....................................................................................................... 35

Date: 28-Sep-23
1. INTRODUCTION
Gazprom Neft Badra B.V (EMPLOYER) is engaged in the development of the Badra Oil
field, located in the Republic of Iraq. The Badra Oilfield is situated in Wasit Governorate,
160 km south east of Baghdad city. The Employer plans to construct the Produced Water
Treatment System (PWT) and further disposal of the treated water by Evaporation ponds
or/ and Horizontal Combustion Units.
M/s. Suhool Azmer Company Ltd. (CONTRACTOR) is appointed as the Engineering,
Procurement, and Construction (EPC) Contractor for the installation of Produced Water
Treatment and Horizontal Combustion Unit as per Contracted Scope of work.
Petrochemical Engineering Consultant Ltd (PEC)is appointed as Engineering Consultant
for the Engineering services to the CONTRACTOR for the installation of Produced Water
Treatment and Horizontal Combustion Unit as per Contracted Scope of work and relevant
National & International Codes and Standards, relevant local regulations, and best
engineering practices.
2. PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to define the specification for Roads forthis
PROJECT
Road shall be designed in accordance with this specification and applicable codes &
standards.
3. DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS
3.1. Definitions
Throughout the document the following definitions shall apply:
EMPLOYER - Gazprom Neft Badra B.V. (GPNB)
CONTRACTOR - SUHOOL AZMEER COMPANY(SAC)
EPC CONTRACTOR - The party which carries out all or part of the design,
engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning
or management of a project or operation / maintenance
of a facility
PROJECT - EPC for Produced Water Treatment
WORKS - All temporary and permanent works described in this

specification and in the CONTRACT.
VENDOR - Is the Party which manufactures and/or supplies

materials, equipment, technical documents, d r a w i n g s

Date: 28-Sep-23
and/or services to perform the duties specified by the

EMPLOYER / CONTRACTOR.
SHALL - Indicates a mandatory requirement.
SHOULD - Indicates that the requirement is strongly recommended

to be adhered to.
3.2. Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this document:
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials
ACI - American Concrete Institute
ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
CBR - California Bearing Ratio
CPF - Central Processing Facility

EPC - Engineering, Procurement and Construction
4. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
In the event of apparent technical conflict occurring in applying this specifications and
reference documents, the following order of precedence shall apply:
• Iraqi local regulations

• International codes and standards as mentioned in the Project specification (with
Note 1)
• CONTRACTOR’s Project Specifications
Note-1: For cases where requirements of CONTRACTOR project specification is superior/

exceeds requirements set forth in codes and standards, the former shall be
considered as mandatory requirement for this Project.
Exceptions to and deviations from this specification and any other referenced documents
shall not be implemented without written approval by CONTRACTOR/ EMPLOYER.
While deciding on the order of precedence, due consideration shall be given to safety,
ease of operation and maintenance of the equipment.
The EMPLOYER’s interpretation shall be final.

Date: 28-Sep-23
5. CODES AND STANDARDS
AASHTO M82 Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and

Methods of Sampling and Testing
AASHTO M208 Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
AASHTO M140 Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
AASHTO T180 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of
Soils
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
ASTM C88 Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
ASTM C127 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
ASTM C131 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-
size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
Angeles Machine.
ASTM D 2922 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate
in Place by Nuclear Methods
ASTM C136 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
ASTM C140 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
Masonry Units and Related Units
ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM C535 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-
size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
Angeles Machine.
ASTM C936 Standard Speciﬁcation for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving
Units
ASTM D75 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
ASTM D946 Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement
for Use in Pavement Construction
ASTM D1411 Standard Test Methods for Water-Soluble Chlorides Present as
Admixtures in Graded Aggregate Road Mixes
ASTM D1557 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lb./ft3
(2,700 kN-m/m3))
ASTM D1556 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by Sand-Cone
Method

Date: 28-Sep-23
ASTM D1883 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D2419 Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
Fine Aggregate.
ASTM D3398 Standard Test Method for Index of Aggregate Particle Shape
and Texture
ASTM D3927 Guide for State and Institutional Purchasing of Paint
ASTM D6927 Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of
Bituminous Mixtures
Other Codes
BS 812 Testing Aggregates
BS 1377 Method of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes
6. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES
The project documents referenced in and or applicable are listed below.
Following Project Specifications are to be referred in addition to above mentioned codes

and standards:
GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0001 - Specifications for Earthworks & Site Preparation
GB1516-SAC-240-CV-DB-0001 - Civil Design Basis
GB1516-SAC-240-CV-GA-0002 - Unit Plot Plan Produced Water Treatment
7. ROADS
7.1. Roads
Design and material of inside plant roads shall be as per this specification and typical
details are provided in the drawing no. GB1516-SAC-240-CV-ST-0001 Sheet 8 of 30
7.2. Description of Roads
Road Width (Refer section 8.0 for Road details)
Primary Road 6.0m + 1.5m shoulder + 1.5m Side walk
Secondary Road 5.0m + 0.75m shoulder + 1.2m Side walk
5.0m (without shoulder and sidewalk) to access the

Access Road
tank dyke area and to access the units from
peripheral road.

Date: 28-Sep-23
6 m wide temporary road from ring road to close

Gatch Road drain drum area.
5m wide in fresh & service water area.
4m wide to connect flare stacks.
Minimum radius for 10m

intersection of Primary Roads
(edge of Wearing course)
Minimum radius for

intersection of Secondary
7.5m
Roads (edge of Wearing
course)
Longitudinal Slope of main

1% to 4% (6% maximum)
roads
Longitudinal Slope of access

6% to 8% (10% maximum)
ramps
Transverse Slope (Bituminous 1.5% (one side slope)

Wearing course) 2% for sidewalk
Transverse Slope for

Horizontal (no slope)
intersections
Transverse Slope for Curves 5% maximum
6.0m (from highest point of Road to bottom of

Vertical Clearance
structural member - over full width of road)
Horizontal Clearance 3.0m (from outer edge of road)
7.3. Road Layer Definitions

The compacted existing ground or fill for 500 mm
Subgrade
beneath formation
The completed earthworks level shaped in
Formation Level readiness to receive the sub-base.
The secondary load spreading layer of granular
Sub-Base
material laid on the sub-grade.
The main load spreading layer of either granular,
Base Course bituminous or cement stabilized material laid on the
sub-base.
A rolled layer of bituminous material laid on Base
Binder Course
Course
Surface Course A rolled layer of bituminous material surfacing laid
on the base course.
Delineated strip, on each side of the road used for
Shoulder
emergency run off / parking of vehicles

Date: 28-Sep-23
7.4. Road Design
The design of the roads shall be in accordance with the relevant codes and standards.
The plant roads system shall be designed as required to reach all locations with the
relevant vehicle for construction, maintenance, normal operation or all other possible
situations.
Asphalt road consists of:
• Surface course (40 mm)

• Binder course (60 mm)
• Road Base Layer (150 mm, Aggregate)
• Sub-Base (250 mm)
• Sub-Grade
Gatch road consists of

• Sub-Grade
The sub-grade whether in cut or fill, shall be scarified and moisturized to optimum
moisture content and compacted to required density.
7.5. Sub-grade and / or Formation
The existing ground shall be scarified in place to a minimum depth of 150 mm for the full
width of embankment. The scarified material shall be watered as required, thoroughly
mixed, shaped and compacted to 95% maximum dry density as determined by ASTM
D1557 heavy compaction test (4.5kg rammer method).
Where an existing embankment is being widened, the existing embankment slope shall
be trimmed into benches of minimum width 1000 mm and depth 500 mm before placing
and compacting each layer of new embankment material.
All fill material, from 300 mm below formation level up to formation level, shall meet the
following requirement for selected fill:
• Maximum particle size 75 mm.

• Minimum 70% of material shall be smaller than 19 mm.
• At least 50% of material shall retain on the 0.425 mm sieve.
• At least 80% of material shall retain on the 0.075 mm sieve.
• The material passing the 0.425 mm sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM
C136 shall have liquid limit less than 35% and plasticity index not more than 10%.

Date: 28-Sep-23
• Swell 2% maximum.
• Organic matter content less than 2%.
• Maximum 5% water soluble salts and maximum 10% acid soluble salts.
• The soaked value of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) shall be greater than 15%.
The soaked value of CBR shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D1883.
• Maximum dry density greater than 1750 kg/m3 (at 95% compaction to ASTM D1557
heavy compaction test 4.5kg rammer method).
Filling for all areas including embankment, roadway, medians, shoulders, sidewalks and
kerbs shall be in layers not exceeding 150 mm compacted thickness. All fill material shall
be compacted to 95% maximum dry density, as determined by ASTM D1557 heavy
compaction test (4.5 kg rammer method).
Preparation of the formation shall be carried out after all ducts and pipe installations in the
sub-grade have been completed.
Once prepared, the formation shall be maintained in the finished condition until the first
succeeding course of sub-base, base or asphalt pavement has been placed.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall take all precautions necessary to protect the formation from
damage. Hauling over finished sub grade shall be limited to that which is essential for
construction purpose.
All cuts, ruts and breaks in the surface of sub-grade shall be repaired by EPC
CONTRACTOR before placing any subsequent layer. EPC CONTRACTOR shall protect
the prepared sub-grade from both his own and public traffic.
Testing the Sub-grade / Formation shall comply with the project Specification for
Earthworks & Site preparation Doc. No. GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0001
The density of any layer requiring compaction shall be determined at a minimum rate of
one test per 100 m run or one test per 500 m2, whichever results in the greater number of
tests. A minimum of one subgrade / formation compaction test shall be undertaken for
each section of new or reinstated road.
Filling low-level areas shall be to the level of sub-grade as designated in drawings.
7.6. Sub-Base and Road Base
7.6.1. General
The sub-base and road base shall consist of fine and coarse aggregate and the combined
gradation shall comply with the table given in this section.
Aggregate sub-base and base courses shall consist of crushed mineral aggregates or
natural mineral aggregates of the designated gradation and thickness. The maximum dry
density and the optimum moisture content of the material shall be ascertained as per

Date: 28-Sep-23
the test procedure given in this shall be used to assess the degree of compaction of the
mix after rolling.
The pavement layer designated as sub-base may be substituted by any of the materials
designated to be laid on it subject to the approval of the EMPLOYER. The particle size
shall be determined by the washing and sieving method of ASTM C136.
Fine and coarse aggregates for sub-base shall be a combined gradation of material that
meets the requirements of the specification for density and other properties.
The aggregate road bases shall conform to the Class A gradation and the aggregate sub-
base shall conform to the class B gradation, as given in the Table below:
Sieve Percent Passing
(mm) Class A Class B
63 100 -
50 90-100 100
37.5 60-90 70-100
25 42-77 55-85
20 35-70 50-80
10 25-60 40-70
5 15-40 30-60
2.36 10-26 20-50
0.425 5-15 10-30
0.075 2-9 5-15
The sub-base and road base shall be compacted and tested for acceptance in accordance
with project Specification for Earthworks & Site Preparation Doc. No. GB1516-
SAC-240-CV-SP-0001, Section 15.6 and 15.7, and ASTM D1557 to
attain a minimum density of 100% of maximum dry density of the material. The compaction
of the roadbed shall be verified by plate load tests in order to achieve the required
compaction. After completion of cut and fill operations, all areas in both cut and fill shall
be proof rolled with at least four or more passes of a 12 tons vibratory roller to obtain the
above-specified limits.
Where unsuitable material is encountered, it shall be removed and replaced, until this
criterion is reached.
Density tests shall be carried out for each sub-base and road base layer at a minimum
rate of one test per 100m run or two tests per 500m 2, whichever results in the greater
number of tests. A minimum of one density test for each sub-base and road base layer
shall be undertaken for each section of new or reinstated road.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall protect the sub-base and road base course so that it is
maintained sound,
• During work progress.

• After its completion.
• Before receiving the bituminous layers.

Date: 28-Sep-23
7.6.2. Materials
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate (passing the 4.75 mm sieve) shall consist of natural sand (screened desert
fill) and / or crushed mineral aggregate. The parent rock of the crushed mineral aggregate
shall be EMPLOYER approved.
The fine aggregate shall be clean and free from organic matter, clay-balls and other
extraneous or detrimental materials.
The ratio of fine aggregates passing the 0.075 mm sieve shall not exceed 66% of the
portion passing the 0.425 mm sieve.
The material passing the 0.425 mm sieve shall have a maximum liquid limit of 25% and
the plasticity index shall not exceed 6%. The sand equivalent value shall be greater than
31.
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate (material retained on the 0.425 mm sieve) shall consist of crushed
stone / crushed gravel with 50% by weight with fractured faces and shall be of such
gradation that when combined with other required aggregate fractions in proper
proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the designated gradation. The parent rock of
the crushed stone shall be EMPLOYER approved.
The flakiness index of the aggregate shall not exceed 35% when tested in accordance
with ASTM D3398.
The percentage of wear of coarse aggregate shall not exceed 40% when tested for
resistance to abrasion in accordance with ASTM C131/C535.
The coarse aggregate shall be hard and durable and free from organic matter, clay and
other extraneous or detrimental materials.
Coarse aggregate shall be subject to the sodium sulphate soundness loss test in
accordance with ASTM C88. The maximum allowable sodium sulphate soundness loss
shall be 18%.
The total loss factor when tested in accordance with 10-minute immersed rotational test
shall not exceed 20%.
The elongation index for coarse aggregate shall be 40% maximum when tested in
accordance with ASTM D3398.
Combined fine and Coarse Aggregates
Acid soluble chloride in the combined aggregates shall be 1% maximum when tested in
accordance with ASTM D1411.

Date: 28-Sep-23
Acid soluble sulphate in coarse aggregate shall be 0.5% maximum when tested in
accordance with ASTM C88.
7.7. Asphalt Works
7.7.1. Materials
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate is that portion of the mineral aggregate passing the 2.36 mm Sieve. Fine
aggregate shall consist of crushed hard durable rock and shall be of such gradation that
when combined with other aggregates in proper proportions, the resultant mixture will
meet the required gradation. The use of beach or dune sand for asphalt works is not
permitted. Fine aggregate shall be non-plastic and chemically stable. The source of
natural fine aggregate is considered to be the crusher site at which it is produced. Crushed
fine aggregate shall be produced by crushing clean coarse aggregate and shall not be
thin, flaky or elongated. Sampling of fine aggregate shall be in accordance with ASTM
D75.
Fine aggregate shall be clean and free from organic matter, clay, cemented particles and
other extraneous or detrimental materials. Individual stockpiles of crushed fine aggregate
shall have a sand equivalent of not less than 30. The loss by the magnesium sulphate
soundness test, as determined by ASTM C88, shall be a maximum of 18%. Unless
permitted elsewhere in the contract, the aggregate type for wearing, intermediate, and
base courses shall be as approved by EMPLOYER.
The maximum acid-soluble chloride content shall be 0.1% and the maximum acid- soluble
sulphate content shall be 0.5%. The fine aggregate shall have a maximum plasticity index
of 4% when sampled from stockpiles and shall be non-plastic when sampled from hot bins.
The EPC CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the sources of all fine aggregates have been
approved by the EMPLOYER concerned.
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate is that portion of the mineral aggregate retained on the 2.36 mm Sieve.
Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed natural stones and gravel. Crushed particles
shall be cubic and angular in shape and shall not be thin, flaky or elongated. The gradation
shall be such that when combined with other aggregate fraction in proper proportions, the
resultant mixture will meet the required gradation.
The source of crushed aggregate is considered to be the crushing site from which it is
produced. Sampling of coarse aggregate shall be in accordance with ASTM D75. Coarse
aggregate shall be clean and free from organic matter, clay, cemented particles and other
extraneous or detrimental material.
The degree of crushing shall be such that a minimum of 99% by weight of aggregate (of
each stockpile) having at least one fractured face and 85% having at least two fractured
faces. No rounded or sub rounded particles shall be permitted.
The flakiness index (of each stockpile) shall not exceed 30% for wearing course and 35%
for intermediate and base courses, and the elongation index (of each stockpile)

Date: 28-Sep-23
shall not exceed 35% for all courses, and the average of the elongation index values of
all stockpiles shall not exceed 30% for the wearing course.
The loss by magnesium sulphate soundness test, as determined by ASTM C88, shall be
a maximum of 10% for aggregate used in wearing and intermediate courses and a
maximum of 15% for aggregate used in base course.
The Los Angeles Abrasion Loss, as determined by ASTM C131/C535, shall be a

maximum of 25% for wearing coarse aggregate and 30 % for intermediate and base
courses aggregate. The aggregate crushing value, as determined by BS 812: Part 110
shall be a maximum of 20% for the wearing coarse aggregate and a maximum of 25% for
the intermediate and base courses aggregate.
Unless permitted elsewhere in the contract, the aggregate type for wearing, intermediate,
and base courses shall be Gabbro or as approved by EMPLOYER. The average water
absorption by the aggregate for all courses shall not exceed 1.5% except for base course
where it shall not exceed 2.0% when tested in accordance with ASTM C127.
The EPC CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the sources of all coarse aggregates have
been approved by the EMPLOYER concerned.
Mineral Filler
Mineral filler when separately supplied from an external source shall consist of finely
ground mineral matter such as rock dust, hydrated lime, cement or other material which
can satisfy the EMPLOYER will produce asphalt mixes of at least equal quality. It shall be
free from organic substances and clay, shall be thoroughly dry and free from
agglomerations, shall be non-plastic and shall meet the following grading requirements:
Sieve (mm) % Mass passing
0.600 100
0.300 95-100
0.150 90-100
0.075 70-100
Hydrated lime shall conform to the definitions given in ASTM C51. Sampling, packaging
and marking of hydrated lime shall be in accordance with ASTM C50. Storage and use of
the hydrated lime shall at all times be such as to protect the material from the weather.
When cement is used as mineral filler, it shall meet the requirements of ASTM C150.
Bitumen
The bitumen specified for use in the asphalt mixes shall be 60-70 penetration grade in
accordance with ASTM D946 and shall only be obtained from approved sources.

Date: 28-Sep-23
The bitumen shall be prepared by the refining of petroleum. It shall be uniform in character
and shall not foam when heated to 175°C. Blending of bitumen materials from different
refineries will be permitted only with the written approval of the EMPLOYER.
Prime Coat
The work shall consist of furnishing and applying liquid asphalt and blotter material, if
required, to a previously prepared and approved subgrade or granular base / sub-base
course as designated and to the full designated width. Prime coat shall not be applied
when the ambient temperature is less than 13°C nor during rain, fog, dust storms or other
unsuitable weather.
The prime coat shall be cutback bitumen consisting of a 60 / 70 penetration grade bitumen
and kerosene. The residue from the distillation test, carried out to 360°C, shall be a
minimum of 55% (by volume), as determined by the difference method.
Materials
Liquid asphalt for use in asphalt works shall be MC-70 medium curing cutback asphalt in
accordance with AASHTO M82. The application rate shall be between 0.45 to
0.75 kg/m2, or as directed by the EMPLOYER.
The EPC CONTRACTOR shall ensure that excessive application of prime coat is avoided.
The application temperature for the MC-70 liquid asphalt shall be between 60°C and 85°C
as directed by the EMPLOYER.
Surface Preparation
Immediately before applying the prime coat, all loose dirt, earth and other objectionable
material shall be removed from the surface with a power broom of approved design and a
power blower as required, and any ruts, soft spots or unacceptable irregularities in the
surface shall be repaired in accordance with the instructions of the EMPLOYER.
If the EMPLOYER so requires, the surface shall be lightly bladed and rolled immediately
before the application of the prime coat, in which case brooming or blowing may not be
required. The EMPLOYER may direct that a light application of water be made just before
the application of liquid asphalt to facilitate penetration. Priming will not be permitted when
there is free water present on the surface.
Application
After preparing the road surface as above, the liquid asphalt shall be applied by means of
the distributor at the temperature and rate directed by the EMPLOYER. Hand- spraying is
permitted only in restricted, inaccessible areas, subject to the approval of the EMPLOYER.
The surface of structures, kerbstones and other appurtenances adjacent to areas being
treated shall be protected in such a manner as to prevent their being spattered or marred.

Date: 28-Sep-23
The prime coat shall usually be applied to 1/3 or 1/2 of the road width at a time. When
applied in two or more lanes, there shall be a slight overlap of asphalt material along
adjoining edges of the lanes. It should be noted that no overlapping is allowed at the
transverse joints and that thick paper shall be used at the joint to protect the previous
application and the joining application shall begin on the paper.
The paper used shall be removed and satisfactorily disposed of by the EPC
CONTRACTOR after use. Care shall be taken that the application of bituminous material
at the junctions of spread is not in excess of the specified amount. Excess bituminous
material shall be removed from the surface.
Maintenance and Traffic
Traffic shall not be permitted on the primed surface until the asphaltic material has
penetrated and dried and, in the judgement of the EMPLOYER, will not be picked up under
traffic. If it becomes necessary to permit traffic before that time, but in no case sooner than
48 hours after the application of the asphaltic material, blotter material shall be applied as
directed by the EMPLOYER and traffic shall be permitted to use the lanes so treated.
Blotter material shall be spread from trucks operated backward so that the wheels will not
travel in uncovered wet asphaltic material. When applying blotter material to an asphalt
treated lane that adjoins a lane that has not been treated, a strip at least 200 mm wide
along the adjoining edge shall be left devoid of blotter material in order to permit an overlap
of asphalt material.
The EPC CONTRACTOR shall maintain the primed surface in good clean condition and
before the application of the next course; any surface irregularities shall be corrected and
all excessive blotter material, dirt or other objectionable materials shall be removed.
7.7.2. Marshall Design Base Course BC Type 1
The types of bituminous paving mixes shall be as designated on the project drawings or
in the contract documents. The "Laboratory Design Mixture" for all types of bituminous
coated courses shall comply with the requirements given in the below tables in this section
and the precise values for each mixture shall be determined in accordance with the
procedures given in ASTM D6927 except that 75 blows with automatic compaction
hammer shall be used for compaction of each face of the specimen. ASTM D3927 shall
be used in designing the bituminous mixtures with mechanically operated compaction
equipment. The actual test procedure and type of equipment used shall be to the approval
of the QS.
All of the criteria shown in table, not stability alone, shall be considered in designing and
evaluating each type of mix.
The approved Job Mix Formula may be amended as a result of experience in the
execution and performance of the permanent asphalt works. Such an amendment may be
submitted by the EPC CONTRACTOR for the EMPLOYER’s approval in which case the
EPC CONTRACTOR shall submit full details of the proposed amendment together with
such data as is necessary to support his submittal. Amendment may also be directed by
the EMPLOYER.

Date: 28-Sep-23
Approval by the EMPLOYER of the Job Mix Formula or amendments thereto shall in no
way relieve the EPC CONTRACTOR of his obligations under the Contract, and the EPC
CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the soundness of the asphalt paving mixes and
the satisfactory execution and performance of the asphalt paving courses. After the Job
Mix Formula has been established and approved, all mixes furnished shall conform
thereto within the following tolerances:
Description Job Mix Tolerances
Base Intermediate Wearing
course Course Course
Aggregate Retained on
5.00 mm Sieve or larger +/- 5 % +/- 4 % +/- 4 %
Aggregate Passing 5.00
mm Sieve and Retained +/- 4 % +/- 3 % +/- 3 %
on 75 m Sieve
Aggregate Passing 75
m Sieve +/- 1.5 % +/- 1.5 % +/- 1.3 %
Binder Content +/- 0.3% +/- 0.2 % +/- 0.2 %
The ‘Job Standard Mix Density’ shall be obtained by making six standard Marshall
specimens from samples of the approved ‘Job Standard Mixture’ determining the bulk
specific gravity of each and comparing them with the mean value of the six.
Any individual result which differs from the mean by more than 0.015 shall be rejected,
and provided that not more than two results are so rejected the mean of the remaining
result shall be designated the ‘Job Standard Mixture Density’. The absolute density shall
be considered as the theoretical specific gravity calculated in accordance with ASTM
D6927.
Combined gradation of aggregate shall be in accordance with below Table: -

Percentage Passing
(By weight)
Sieve Size
Base Course BC Type
1
37.5 mm 100
28.0 mm 80 – 100
25.0 mm -
20.0 mm 68-91
14.0 mm -
10.0 mm 46 - 69
6.30 mm -
5.00 mm 31 - 52
3.35 mm -
2.36 mm 20 – 40
1.18 mm -

Date: 28-Sep-23
600 m -
300 m 9-20
150 m 5-14
75 m 2.0-8.0
Design Criteria for Marshall Design Mixes

Parameter Base Course Intermediate Asphaltic Dense
(BC-TYPE1) Course Concrete Bitumen
(IC-TYPE 1) Wearing Macadam
Course Wearing
(SC-TYPE1) Course
(SC-TYPE2)
Stability (kN) 9 minimum 9 minimum 10 minimum 10 minimum
Flow (mm) 2 to 4 2 to 4 2 to 4 2 to 3.6
Stiffness 4.0 minimum 4.0 minimum 4.0 minimum 3.5 minimum
(=Stability/Flow)
(kN/mm)
Voids in Mix 4 to 8 4.5 to 8 5.5 to 8 5.5 to 8.5
(Air Voids)
(%)
Voids in Mineral 13 minimum 14 minimum 15 minimum 14 minimum
Aggregate (%)
Voids Filled 50 to 70 50 to 75 50 to 75 48 to 64
with Bitumen
(%)
Voids in 3.2 minimum 3.4 minimum 4 minimum 4.5 minimum
Marshall
Specimen at
400 Blows per
Face at
Optimum
Binder Content
(%)
Retained 75 minimum 75 minimum 75 minimum 75 minimum
Stability
(As per CML
Test Method 2-
97) (%)
(Filler/Bitumen) 0.8 to 1.5 0.8 to 1.5 0.75 to 1.35 0.75 to 1.35
Ratio
Bitumen grade 60 / 70 shall be used. The compacted layer thickness of Base Course shall
be 80 mm to 100 mm unless noted otherwise on the Approved for Construction project
drawings.

Date: 28-Sep-23
7.7.3. Tack Coat
General
Tack coat consists of furnishing and applying emulsified asphalt to previously prepared
Base Course, to provide bond for a superimposed course to the full designated width of
roadway.
Materials
Emulsified asphalt for use in asphalt works shall comply with BS 434: Part 1 class K1-40.
Alternatively emulsified asphalt for use in asphalt works may be CSS lh or CRS-2 cationic
emulsified asphalt in accordance with AASHTO M208 or SS lh anionic emulsified asphalt
in accordance with AASHTO M140 unless otherwise designated. Emulsified asphalt shall
be of the slow-setting cationic or anionic type of the CSS-lh or SS-lh grades respectively
and shall conform to the designated requirements.
Surface Preparation
The full width of the surface to be treated shall be cleaned with a power broom or power
blower to remove dust, dirt or other objectionable materials. All faulty or unsuitable
patches, excess cracks or joint filler and all surplus bituminous material shall be corrected
in accordance with the instructions of the EMPLOYER. The surface shall be dry when
treated.
Application
Immediately after cleaning the surface, the tack coat shall be applied by means of the
distributor at the temperature and rate directed by the EMPLOYER. Hand spraying of
restricted, inaccessible areas is permitted, subject to the approval of the EMPLOYER. The
diluted emulsion shall be applied at a rate between 0.15 to 0.38 kg/m2 as specified by the
EMPLOYER.
The EPC CONTRACTOR shall ensure that excessive application of tack coat is avoided.
The application temperature shall be between 10°C and 60°C as directed by the
EMPLOYER.
The surface of structures, kerbstones and other fixed objects adjacent to areas being
treated shall be protected in such a manner as to prevent their being spattered or marred.
Tack coat shall not be applied when the ambient temperature is less than 13°C nor during
rain, fog, dust storms or other unsuitable weather.
Maintenance and Traffic
After application, the surface shall be allowed to dry until it is in a proper condition of
tackiness to receive the superimposed course. Tack coat shall be applied only so far in
advance of the superimposed course placement as is necessary to obtain this proper
condition of tackiness.

Date: 28-Sep-23
Until the superimposed course is placed, the EPC CONTRACTOR shall protect the tack
coat from damage. If the tack coat is unavoidably damaged by rain or dust, it shall be
allowed to dry, shall be cleaned again by a power broom or power blower and, if required
by the EMPLOYER, a subsequent light application of tack applied to the surface.
Where, in the opinion of the EMPLOYER, a tack coat is not necessary between layers of
freshly placed courses, he may give instructions in writing to omit the tack coat. Any
cleaning required in these areas shall be carried out before the application of the next
course.
7.7.4. Marshall Design Wearing Course SC Type 1
The mix design shall be in accordance with the below table & section 7.7.2 of this
specification.
Gradation of aggregate shall be as follows:

Percentage Passing (by weight)
Sieve Size
Asphaltic Concrete Wearing Course SC Type 1
37.5 mm -
28.0 mm -
25.0 mm 100
20.0 mm 98-100
14.0 mm 75-95
10.0 mm 60 – 81
6.30 mm 47 – 67
5.00 mm -
3.35 mm -
2.36 mm 25 – 41
1.18 mm -
600 m 12-23
300 m 8-16
150 m 4-12
75 m 2.0-6.2
Bitumen grade 60/70 shall be used. The compacted thickness of SC Type 1 wearing
course shall be 40 mm to 50 mm unless noted otherwise on the PROJECT drawings.
7.8. Surface course for gatch road
The material shall have minimum 4 days soaked CBR value not less than 30% & shall be
compacted to 95% proctor density. The Iraqi local regulations/standards to be followed for
construction of the gatch roads.

Date: 28-Sep-23
Fill material specified on drawings, shall be borrowed from areas predominantly consisting
of cemented particles (wide range of soft rock characteristics, silty sand, sandy silt and
clayey sand). The combined content of gypsum and soluble salts shall be not more than
8%. The maximum content of gypsum shall be limited to 5% and of salts shall be limited
to 3%. The particle composition when delivered at work shall meet the following
requirement: -
Sieve Size Percentage Passing
3 in (75 mm) 100
1/2 in (38.1 mm) 85 to 100
3/8 in (9.52 mm) 40 to 90
No. 4 (4.76 mm) 25 to 85
No. 40 (0.425 mm) 30 to 50
No. 200 (0.075 mm) 10 to 30
The final layer of surfacing for gatch roads wherever shown on drawings shall comprise
of gatch layer. The material shall have a minimum 4 days soaked CBR value not less than
30% and shall be compacted to 85% proctor density, when tested in accordance with BS
1377. Surfacing material shall have sufficient binding properties such as when compacted.
It produces a well bound surface which shows no signs of breaking under the action of
heavy traffic.
7.9. Shoulders
Construction and controls of the shoulders shall be as per sub-base, road base course
and surface course
7.10. Pavement Design
The design of road pavements shall take in to account the traffic, sub-grade, water table,
sub-base, base course and wearing course characteristics. However, the following shall
be considered as the minimum requirement:
• The design axle load shall be for the heaviest traffic loads as specified in Doc. No.
GB1516-SAC-240-CV-DB-0001 ‘Civil Design Basis’.
• Horizontal and vertical alignment shall be determined by the specified speed
parameter together with the appropriate safe distance and safe overtaking distance.
8. ROAD DETAILS
8.1. General
Roads and paved areas in and around plot facilities shall be as shown on the PROJECT
drawings.

Date: 28-Sep-23
Roads shall be designed in accordance with the EMPLOYER norms and regulations, with
line marking, signage and other details.
The plant internal roads shall be in accordance with the PROJECT drawings and the
requirements of EMPLOYER and any other relevant authorities.
Wherever existing facilities are extended or modified, the facilities access roads shall be
modified or rerouted as required.
8.2. Width
Unless larger widths are indicated in the PROJECT documents or required by the relevant
authorities, the minimum carriageway width shall be as follows:
Plant internal roads 6.0 m
Pedestrian access within plot limits 1.0 m
8.3. Road Junctions & Bends
All crossings shall be in horizontal plane. Unless larger radii are indicated in the Approved
for Construction project documents or required by the relevant authorities, the internal
radius of curvature at road junctions and bends shall be, R = 10 m.
8.4. Transverse Slope
All roads shall be transversely sloped each side, the high point being on the center line of
the road.
Transverse slope for roads shall be 1.5% to 2.5%. For car parks, transverse slope shall
be 0.5% (1:200) minimum.
8.5. Longitudinal Slopes
Longitudinal slopes shall be 4% maximum for roads and 6% maximum for access ramps.
8.6. Cross Sections of Roads
The following provisions shall be considered as a minimum. However, EPC

CONTRACTOR may offer alternate design for the roads and tracks. Alternate designs are
subjected to EMPLOYER’s approval.
8.6.1. Internal Plant Roads and Asphalt Paved Areas
Pavement shall be designed for the traffic of 1 million standard axles.
For a subgrade CBR between 15% and 25% and the minimum thickness of road layers
shall be as follows:

Date: 28-Sep-23
• Binder course (60 mm)

• Road Base Layer (150 mm, Aggregate)
• Sub-Base (250 mm)
• Sub-Grade
The minimum pavement design specified above is illustrated in project standard drawing
GB1516-SAC-240-CV-ST-0001 sheet 24 of 30.
8.7. Maintenance Tracks (Graded Roads)
Maintenance tracks specified to facilitate access to unused areas within the property /
lease boundary, shall be accessible for 4-wheel drive-type vehicles under normal weather
conditions. Vegetation, peat and soft clays shall be removed. Maximum slopes shall not
exceed 12%. Surfacing is not required.
8.8. Road at the Construction Phase
At the construction phase, only the sub-base, the base course and the surface binder
course shall be installed.
At the completion of the construction phase and for all permanent roads, the surface shall
be cleaned and re-shaped, and the final wearing course shall be installed. Holes in the
existing road-base shall be filled with suitable surface material.
8.9. Drainage of Roads
The Paved swales and collectors along the roads shall form an integral part of the surface
drainage system of the site as mentioned in the project drainage philosophy. Unless
otherwise specified in the project drainage philosophy for the road rain water drainage
system, all the rain water from roads shall be drained by proving cross slope and shall be
collected either with open road side ditches or on roads with roadside curbs by means of
gullies to the storm water drainage system.
8.10. Roads crossing natural drainage systems
Roads often interfere with the natural drainage of areas or existing drainage systems. If
so, the natural drainage shall be restored, by means of culverts, ditches and rerouting of
water courses.
8.11. Parking Areas
The permanent car parking areas shall be paved with asphalt, concrete or interlocking
paver blocks in accordance with this specification.
Parking areas which subjected to light axle loads and no spillage of hydrocarbon products,
chemical spills shall be treated as light duty concrete paving or interlocking tiles. The
minimum spacing between each parking and size (width, length) shall be decided based
on the type of vehicles to be used for the plant operation.

Date: 28-Sep-23
8.12. Kerbs
As a minimum, road kerbing shall be provided in front of buildings and at road corners &
intersections. Kerbs shall be also provided at boundaries and raised islands. The details
of kerbs shall be as per standard drawing GB1516-SAC-240-CV-ST-0001 Sheet 24 of 30.
8.13. Precast Concrete Paving Slab
Pre-cast concrete paving slab, using grade C30, conforming to ACI 318 and unless
otherwise specified in drawings, 600 X 600 x 80 mm thick precast concrete paving slab
shall be used.
8.14. Precast Concrete Interlocking Block Work Paving
Precast concrete paving blocks shall be of 80 mm thick for heavy duty paving and 60 mm
thick for light duty paving in two or more colors as approved by EMPLOYER.
Paving blocks shall be obtained from an approved source and installed as per approved
design pattern / shop drawings.
Materials for interlocking concrete paving block shall conform to ASTM C936. Concrete
paving blocks shall be laid in accordance with AASHTO. Joints in paving block shall
neither be less than 3 mm nor more than 6 mm in width.
The compressive strength of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be as follows:
• The average strength of 10 blocks shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C140
shall be not less than 55 MPa.
• The strength of any individual block shall not be less than 50 MPa.
Water absorption of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be as follows:
• An average of three specimens tested in accordance with ASTM C140 shall not be
greater than 5%.
• No individual result shall be greater than 7%.
Subgrade under paving shall be compacted to 95% maximum dry density in accordance
with ASTM D1557 heavy compaction test (4.5kg rammer method).
Joints between paving blocks shall be filled with dry jointing sand by spreading it over the
surface and brushing it into the joints. Sand laying course and joining shall be in
accordance AASHTO and to a pattern approved by the EMPLOYER.
Sand laying course consisting of washed sand, which complies with the corresponding
grading requirement given in table below in this section. The sand shall be placed in a
moist but not a saturated condition and shall be compacted so that a laying course
thickness of 50 mm approximately is formed. This sand layer shall be placed on a
compacted aggregate sub base or base as indicated in the project specifications /
drawings.

Date: 28-Sep-23
The paving blocks shall be laid on the laying course and compacted using a plate
compactor with a plate area of not less than 0.25 m2, transmitting an effective pressure of
not less than 75 kN/m2 of plate at a frequency of vibration in the range of 75 Hz to 100 Hz.
A maximum deviation for the block paving from design levels of ± 6 mm shall be
maintained.
The joints between the paving blocks shall be filled with dry jointing sand by spreading it
over the surface and brushing it into the joints. The dry sand shall be natural and shall
comply with the corresponding grading requirement given in table. The block paving shall
be vibrated to ensure that the joints have been completely filled.
Sieve Size % Passing
Laying Coarse Sand Jointing Sand
10 mm 100 -
5 mm 90-100 100
2.36 mm 75-100 95-100
1.18 mm 55-90 90-100
600 m 35-70 55-100
300 m 8-35 15-50
150 m 0-10 0-15
75 m 0-3 0-3
For a subgrade CBR between 15% and 25% the following layer details to be followed.
a) Compacted subgrade of minimum thickness 300 mm.
b) Granular sub-base of minimum thickness 200 mm.
c) Compacted sand bedding of minimum thickness 50 mm.
d) Pre-cast interlocking blocks of 80 mm thick.
Light duty interlocking block paving in all other areas shall comprise of following layers:
a) Compacted subgrade with CBR between 15% to 25% at 95% maximum dry density.
b) A granular sub-base layer of minimum thickness 150 mm.
c) Compacted sand bedding of minimum thickness 50 mm.
d) Pre-cast interlocking blocks of 60mm thick.
Unless noted otherwise in the PROJECT documents, all footpaths around buildings and
within plants, Vehicle / car parking areas shall be constructed from interlocking paving in
accordance with this clause.
8.15. Traffic Signs and Road Markings
EPC CONTRACTOR shall supply and install the traffic signs (complete with posts and
foundations), thermoplastic road marking, road marking paint, reflective studs and non-

Date: 28-Sep-23
reflective studs shall comply with the local traffic / EMPLOYER regulations. Road
Markings at “T” junctions and crossroads as shown on the PROJECT drawings.
8.16. Vehicle Crash Barriers
The supply, installation and foundation requirement for the vehicle crash barriers shall
comply with this specification. The barrier shall consist of a strong corrugated steel beam
section mounted on steel universal posts. The posts shall be set in mass concrete grade
C20.
The layout and positioning of the barrier shall be as shown on the PROJECT drawings.
The details and sizes and spacing of the various components shall be as shown on the
drawings. Barriers shall be installed where process equipment / piping is installed in close
proximity to the edge of a road and on each side of the culvert or pipe crossing.
The beams shall be shaped so that there are no sharp edges protruding into traffic. Beams
shall be connected by lap joint. The beams shall be formed from 3 mm steel strip to give
a corrugated cross section. On curves less than 45 m radius, the beams shall be provided
in preformed curves.
For Highways & other access roads at terminations, the end rails shall be sloped down at
a slope of approximately 1 in 6 to terminate just above ground level. Unless otherwise
designated, the centerline of the beam shall be 610 mm above the edge of the carriageway
or hard shoulder.
To ensure that the vehicle crash barriers are clearly delineated, reflecting markers shall
be fixed to the barriers.
8.17. Road Crossings
Construction of road crossings shall be in accordance with Doc. No. GB1516-SAC-240-

CV-DB-0001 ‘Civil Design Basis’.
All road crossings shall be designed by EPC CONTRACTOR and approval shall be
obtained from EMPLOYER and other relevant authorities prior to start of WORK.
Open cut culverts shall extend for the full width of the road including shoulders. The road
openings and reinstatements work shall be as per EMPLOYER regulations.
Minimum inside clearance required in box culverts shall be 500 mm to top and sides of
pipe, unless approved by EMPLOYER.
8.18. Road Lighting
Road lighting, lighting for road signals, Lighting poles, Luminaries and lamps shall comply
with EMPLOYER regulations.
Location of light poles, height of pole and the type of luminaries shall be as per the
Approved for Construction project drawings.

Date: 28-Sep-23
8.19. Horizontal & Vertical Clearance
At roads without raised kerbs a horizontal clearance of 1.0 m shall be maintained between
the edge of the shoulder and any structure projecting above shoulder level. However, for
safety barriers and traffic signs the minimum horizontal clearance shall be
0.6 m.
At roads with raised kerbs the minimum horizontal clearance shall be 0.6 m from the face
of the kerb.
Horizontal clearances shall be maintained for the full required vertical clearance for the
road classification.
For any new work, the minimum vertical clearance shall be 6.0 m to allow the passage of
emergency vehicles, cranes and other tall vehicles.
8.20. Erosion protection of slopes, embankments, ditches, and open drains
The scope of this section is limited to erosion protection aspects. For ditches and open
drains only material, design and construction aspects of the protective surface layer are
considered.
8.20.1. General description
Examples for some of the erosion protection layers are:
• Concrete slabs or concrete blocks laid in cement mortar

• Flexible asphalt paving or bituminous mixtures (e.g., sand bitumen mix)
• Impermeable polyethylene (or equivalent) membranes, anchored with concrete
interlocking tiles, rock rip-rap etc.
• Concrete interlocking tiles or concrete flags, if required in combination with filter
cloth
A filter cloth (geotextile) shall be applied if a wash out of sand or sandy material is expected
under the erosion protection layer. The possibility of cracking should also be avoided by
introducing suitably spaced control joints and using cement mortar bedding layers.
8.20.2. Functional Requirements
Slopes for bund walls, cuts, embankments, open drains and ditches shall be protected
against erosion and subsequent damage and failure on a micro scale as a consequence
of wind, water, and spillages.
Protection against failure on a macro scale (slope stability) can be initiated but is not a
function of erosion protection and not considered in this section.
In the case of accidental contamination of a drainage system, the cover layer of open
drains and ditches shall protect the subsoil against contamination by
hydrocarbon/chemical products.

Date: 28-Sep-23
Erosion protection systems (concrete slabs, blocks, etc.) shall be adequately supported
to prevent sliding downward, as a consequence of temperature movements, self-weight,
and other factors.
8.20.3. Inside Battery Limits
Inside battery limits all slopes, embankments, open drains and ditches shall be lined with
concrete in accordance with Project Specification. The minimum layer thickness shall be
80 mm. Slabs shall have a maximum size of 5 x 5 m.
Slopes higher than 1 m shall be provided with drain points to eliminate water / liquid
pressure build up. Wash out of soil through the drain points shall be prevented.
8.21. Inspection before commencement
The EPC CONTRACTOR has to check that work by other trades affecting this section has
been satisfactorily completed. EPC CONTRACTOR also has to ensure that its equipment
is suitable and kept in good order for a proper execution of the WORK.
8.22. Inspection during the work
During the WORK, EPC CONTRACTOR has to check the following:
Excavation work does not endanger or undermine other structures, public or private,
including water mains, sewers, drains, gas, pole lines, etc.
• Underground structures, such as pipes and conduits, crossing the excavation are
adequately supported or rerouted (if necessary).
• Adequate bracing and shoring of sheeting are being done in accordance with
approved plans indicating structural stability.
• Necessity of underpinning foundations of buildings, walls, foundations or abutments
and similar existing structures which are close to the excavation.
• Subsurface conditions being different from those anticipated or provided for and if
modification is required.
• Provision being made for maintaining or rerouting traffic and also for access to
individual properties or working areas of earlier trades.
• Excavation to be properly drained and water to be disposed of in a proper way and
at approved locations.
• Filling and compaction to be carried out as specified.
• Work to be finished to required lines and grades.
The EPC CONTRACTOR has also to verify that unsuitable material is removed and has
to ensure that materials meet requirements of the specifications.

Date: 28-Sep-23
8.23. Equipment
All equipment, tools and machines used in the performance of the work shall be subject
to the approval of the EMPLOYER’s Representative, and shall be maintained in a
satisfactory condition at all times.
The blade graders, sprinkling equipment and all compacting equipment shall be as
described and specified.
Mechanical spreaders shall be the spreader box type capable of receiving material to be
spread by a hopper to an even depth. The spreader shall be adjustable so that the width
and thickness of the spread can be set to any dimension required by the drawings and
specification and for uniform and complete coverage. The mechanical spreader may be
self-propelled or receive propulsion from an outside source. If self-propelled, the speed of
the spreader shall be controllable.
8.24. Thickness and Finish
The following requirements for thickness and smoothness shall apply to the base courses:
The completed base course will be tested for the required thickness and smoothness
before acceptance. Any areas of the completed base course having a compacted
thickness less than the thickness shown on the drawing, or waves and irregularities in
excess of 1 cm in 3 m or 2 cm in 15 m shall be corrected by scarifying the surface, adding
approved material, re-shaping, re-compacting and finishing as specified and as approved
by the EMPLOYER’s representative. Skin patching of an area without scarifying the
surface to permit proper bonding of the added material will not be permitted.
8.25. Maintenance and Guarantee
The basic requirements in this point include responsibility of the EPC CONTRACTOR for
quality of WORKS on construction and operation of the service roads, and its reliability for
operation for a period of two years from the date of final acceptance. EPC CONTRACTOR
shall be fully responsible for quality of the road during the warranty period. EPC
CONTRACTOR should correct and repair, at its expense, all damages and destroyed parts
and details of the road.
9. ROAD CONSTRUCTION
9.1. Site Clearance
Where designated in the project documents, the existing pavement / road together with
all kerbs, kerb base and backing, sidewalk paving, etc. shall be broken out and removed.
After the rough grading is completed, the area of the old roadbed shall be scarified or
ploughed to mix the remaining road material thoroughly with earth and then shall be
harrowed and smoothened.

Date: 28-Sep-23
EPC CONTRACTOR shall cut back all existing construction in such a manner to avoid
damage to the remaining works. Any damage to the existing pavement and other
remaining works shall be restored to the satisfaction of EMPLOYER. The details and
dimensions of the cutting back of the existing pavement construction shall be as
designated on the project documents subject to a minimum benching step of 300 mm
between each pavement course.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall transport and remove all debris, remove asphalt or concrete
pavement to the designated stockpile location.
Where designated in the project documents, underground pits, manholes and similar
items shall be demolished to a depth of 1000 mm below the finished subgrade level in the
area, properly cleaned out to full depth and backfilled with approved compacted materials.
Where designated in the project documents, manhole covers and frames shall be carefully
removed, cleaned and transported to and placed into storage at EMPLOYER designated
storage areas.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall remove from the site as work progresses all materials arising
from site clearance except those materials specified for re-use or as otherwise instructed
by EMPLOYER. EPC CONTRACTOR shall dispose of materials at an offsite tip approved
by EMPLOYER for such tipping. EPC CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all tipping
costs and for obtaining the necessary permits and approvals from the relevant authorities.
9.2. Road Construction
During the work, EPC CONTRACTOR has to check the following:
• Excavation work does not endanger or undermine other structures, public or private,
including water mains, sewers, drains, gas, pole lines, etc.
• Underground structures, such as pipes and conduits, crossing the excavation are
adequately supported or rerouted (if necessary).
• Adequate bracing and shoring of sheeting are being done in accordance with
approved plans indicating structural stability.
• Necessity of underpinning foundations of buildings, wall, foundation or abutments
and similar existing structures which are close to the excavation.
• Subsurface conditions being different from those anticipated or provided for and if
modification is required.
• Provision being made for maintaining or rerouting traffic and also for access to
individual properties or working area of earlier trades.
• Excavation to be properly drained and water to be disposed of in a proper way and
at approved locations.
• Filling and Compaction to be carried out as specified in Section 9.3.
• Work to be finished to required lines and grade.
• Unsuitable material is removed and has to ensure that materials meet specification
requirements.

Date: 28-Sep-23
After Completion of the Work
The EPC CONTRACTOR has to check that suitable excavated materials, to be used at a
later stage, have been stockpiled as specified. Trash and unsuitable material shall be
removed from site and disposed of at approved locations. EPC CONTRACTOR has to
check smoothness of top layer surface of sub-base.
9.3. Construction methods
Where the base course thickness exceeds 12.5 cm, it shall be constructed in layers of
equal thickness, the thickness of no layer shall exceed 12.5 cm, except that if a vibratory
compactor is used for compaction the thickness of the layers may be increased to a
maximum of 25 cm, providing that satisfactory compaction is obtained.
Each layer shall be compacted until the entire depth of the course to at least 95 per cent
of density at optimum moisture as determined by AASHTO T180, or 95 per cent of the
maximum dry density. Compaction shall be completed as soon as possible after the
material has been spread.
Water shall be applied to the materials during the rolling operations in such amount as
may be required to obtain the specified density. Where an appreciable amount of loose
materials remains on the surface after rolling as specified above, the layer shall be
thoroughly rolled with a pneumatic-tired roller, with the addition of water where required.
Prior to beginning of rolling operations on either layer, embankment materials shall be

shaped against the edge of the layer in such depth as will permit uniform, simultaneous
compaction of the base course layer and the shoulders. In all places not accessible to the
rolling equipment, the materials shall be compacted thoroughly with approved mechanical
or hand tampers to a density comparable to that obtained by rolling. Each hand tamper
shall weigh not less than 23 kg. The surface of the final layer shall be finished by blading
and by rolling with pneumatic-tired rollers, with the addition of water as required by the
EMPLOYER’s Representative, until the surface is smooth and free from waves and
irregularities and is true to grade and cross-section. All use of water shall be at the EPC
CONTRACTOR’s expense.
9.4. Placement and compaction
Fill material shall be placed in layers, moisture conditioned, spread to the appropriate
loose layer thickness, treated and compacted to the specified density using suitable
mechanical equipment.
All layers shall be compacted according to the recommendations of the relevant standards
and as follows:
• The maximum loose layer thickness shall be 200 mm (depending on the mechanical
equipment) with maximum particle size of 80 mm.
• The fill material shall be conditioned with water to within two percent (2%) of the
optimum moisture content.
• The roadbed shall be compacted to an average density of not less than ninety-two
percent (92%) of Maximum Dry Density as per ASTM D1557.

Date: 28-Sep-23
• The sub-base layer shall be compacted to an average density of not less than ninety-
five percent (95%) of Maximum Dry Density as per ASTM D1557.
• The road base layer shall be compacted to a density of not less than ninety-five
percent (95%) of Maximum Dry Density of material before treatment as per ASTM
D1557.
• Density measurements shall be carried out in each compacted layer. A compacted
layer under test shall not be recovered with the following layer until EMPLOYER
approves results of the compaction test results.
• EPC CONTRACTOR shall supply to EMPLOYER for approval all procedures for fill
placement and all characteristics of treatment with lime and cement (proportioning,
procedures for mixing and means of control, equipment) before execution.
• Along forms, kerbs, walls or other places not accessible to roller, the mix shall be
thoroughly compacted with mechanical tampers or a plate compactor. Skin patching
of an area without sacrificing the surface to permit proper bonding of the added
material shall not be permitted.
• After completing, the finished surface shall present a well-closed appearance, free
form movement under compaction equipment or any other compaction marks, ridges,
cracks and loose material. All loose, segregated or otherwise defective areas shall be
made good to the full thickness of the layers and re-compacted.
• Longitudinal joints and edges shall be constructed true to the delineating line parallel
to the center line of the road. All longitudinal and transverse joints shall be cut vertical
the full thickness of the previously laid mix before laying fresh mix.
9.5. Tolerances
The grade shall be properly shaped to the required elevations and parallel to the required
surface. The elevation of any point and the line of any edge of center of the earthworks
shall conform to that shown on the drawings within the tolerance’s states below.
Tolerances from true level Tolerances from True line
Basic Grading
(General +30 mm / -50 mm +/- 75 mm
Earthworks)
+5 mm / -25 mm -> or 15 mm in
Sub-Base of Paving +/- 75 mm
3mm
Sub-Base for Roads 0 mm / 15 mm +/- 75 mm
+/- 20 mm and with depressions
Road Base +/- 75 mm
less than 10 mm
+/- 10 mm and irregularities less +/- 25 mm (+/- 13 mm for
Surface Coarse than 10 mm gully road block)

Date: 28-Sep-23
10. TESTS
EPC CONTRATOR shall submit the characteristics of all materials to be used for road
construction for approval by EMPLOYER. No layer shall be covered before results of tests
are transmitted to and approved by EMPLOYER.
Identification tests shall be carried out on each source of material to be used in respect
of:
• Natural Water Content

• Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content
• Particle size distribution
• Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index
• Soluble Salt content and organic matter content
These tests shall be repeated if the source of material changes or the material itself
changes. A sufficient number of tests shall be performed to establish representative
average and range of properties. Number will vary depending on the quantity of the
material and the consistency of results after EMPLOYER approval. Each compacted layer
shall be tested with density measurements. In situ density measurements will be carried
out by sand cone method (ASTM D1556). The nuclear method (ASTM D2922) will be
acceptable only after verification by parallel testing performed by the sand cone method
to the satisfaction of the EMPLOYER. Sampling and testing shall be made in accordance
with the relevant codes and standards. The frequency of each test follows Section 15.7 in
specification for earthworks GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0001. Initially, one ASTM D1557
laboratory compaction test will be performed for every field test density test. Frequency of
laboratory compaction test will be reduced only when uniformity of result has been
established.
Frequency of tests shall be:
• Mass fill: For mass fill, one set of 3 compaction tests will be performed on every
1000m2 of each layer of compacted fill.
• Bunds: compaction tests for bunds will not be less than one set of 3 per 100-meter
length of bund or 200m3 of soil.
• Tank foundation: compaction tests for bunds will not be less than one set of 3 for
every 500m3 of soil.
• Road embankments: one set of 3 compaction tests will be performed per 2000m 2 of
each layer of compacted fill. Where structural fill or backfill does not meet the specified
compaction it shall be reworked to achieve the specified density. Material test shall
be carried out initially and in any change of source.
10.1. Sampling and Testing
The following requirements for the sampling and testing of the material shall apply to the
base course:

Date: 28-Sep-23
The sources of material shall be selected in advance of the time when the material will be
required in the work, and adequate representative samples submitted to the engineer for
testing and preliminary approval not less than 20 days before such material is required for
use in the work. The EMPLOYER will sample and test the material of the particular base
course as frequently as deemed necessary to assure conformance with the requirements.
Any material found not to conform to the requirements will be subject to rejection. EPC
CONTRACTOR shall remove all rejected material replaced them with materials meeting
the requirements, at no cost to the EMPLOYER.
11. WORKS IN RELATION TO SERVICES
New services, protection, diversion and relocation of existing services shall comply with
the requirements of EMPLOYER regulations.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall take all measures required for the full protection of all mains,
pipes, cables and other apparatus during the progress of the works. The protective
measures for the prevention of damage or interruption of services shall be to the
satisfaction of EMPLOYER / concerned service authority.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall relocate certain existing utilities as shown in drawings and/or
instructed by EMPLOYER during the execution of WORK.
During its activities under the Contract, the EPC CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for
any damage caused to any adjacent building, foundations, roads, drainage channels,
ducts, etc. Repairs of any such damage shall be done by the EPC CONTRACTOR without
any cost impact to the EMPLOYER.
EPC CONTRACTOR shall agree and guarantee that it is fully acquainted with the existing
conditions and the route of the service roads prior to starting the WORK.
12. TYPICAL ROAD DETAILS
For Typical Road details refer Project Standard Dwg. No. GB1516-SAC-240-CV-ST-0001
Sheet 8 of 30.

GB1516 Sac 240 CV SP 0004 - A

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EPC FOR INSTALLATION OF PWT,

EMPLOYER CONTRACT NO. : 1516-23-DB-850-000

PROJECT TITLE : EPC for Installation of PWT Republic of Iraq

EMPLOYER : Gazprom Neft Badra B.V.

CONTRACTOR : Suhool Azmer Company.

CONTRACTOR JOB NO. : SAC

PROJECT DOCUMENT NO. : GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0004

REVISION NO. :A No. of pages (incl. sheet): 35

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION : SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS

A ISSUED FOR REVIEW 28/09/23 SS SAR AJ

REV DESCRIPTION DATE PRPD CHKD APPD

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REVISION DESCRIPTION SHEET

Rev. Para. Revision Description

A ISSUED FOR REVIEW

Hold No Para. Description of Hold

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8.9. DRAINAGE OF ROADS............................................................................................................................. 24

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3. DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS

EMPLOYER - Gazprom Neft Badra B.V. (GPNB)

CONTRACTOR - SUHOOL AZMEER COMPANY(SAC)

PROJECT - EPC for Produced Water Treatment

WORKS - All temporary and permanent works described in this

VENDOR - Is the Party which manufactures and/or supplies

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and/or services to perform the duties specified by the

SHALL - Indicates a mandatory requirement.

SHOULD - Indicates that the requirement is strongly recommended

The following abbreviations are used in this document:

AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials

CBR - California Bearing Ratio

CPF - Central Processing Facility

• Iraqi local regulations

Note-1: For cases where requirements of CONTRACTOR project specification is superior/

The EMPLOYER’s interpretation shall be final.

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5. CODES AND STANDARDS

AASHTO M82 Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and

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6. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES

The project documents referenced in and or applicable are listed below.

Following Project Specifications are to be referred in addition to above mentioned codes

GB1516-SAC-240-CV-SP-0001 - Specifications for Earthworks & Site Preparation

GB1516-SAC-240-CV-DB-0001 - Civil Design Basis

GB1516-SAC-240-CV-GA-0002 - Unit Plot Plan Produced Water Treatment

7.2. Description of Roads

Road Width (Refer section 8.0 for Road details)

Primary Road 6.0m + 1.5m shoulder + 1.5m Side walk

Secondary Road 5.0m + 0.75m shoulder + 1.2m Side walk

5.0m (without shoulder and sidewalk) to access the

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