Quarter 2- Module 10

Culture and Society in the

Globalizing World
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2- Module 10: Culture and Society in the Globalizing World
First Edition, 2020
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Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 2- Module 10
Culture and Society in the
Globalizing World
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Overview 1

Content 1

Pre-test 2

What I Know 2

What I Need To Know 3

What’s In! 3

Activity 2 5

Activity 3 8

Post Test 9

Answer Key 10

References 10
 OVERVIEW
TO THE STUDENT

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

In this module, learners are required to go through a series of learning

activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome are
Pre-Test, Information Sheets and Post-tests. Follow and perform the activities on
your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your
teacher.
Remember to:
o work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section;
o read information sheets and complete the activities. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module;
o most probably, your teacher will also guide. He is there to support you
and show you the correct way to do things;
o you will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions; and
o write all your answer in your activity notebook.
 WHAT TO LEARN IN THIS MODULE?
At the end of the lesson, learner is expected to:
1. Explain the changes brought about by modernization while being critical of the
Western dominated definition of modernization;
2. Identify the changes that culture undergoes during the period of globalization;
3. Critically examine the Westernizing influence of globalization on local
non-Western cultures; and
4. Discuss the positive ways in which globalization is able to widen the cultural
horizons of people around the world.

WHAT I KNOW?
Pre-Test
Directions. Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer from
the choices given. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.

1. _________________ is the process whereby spaces between nations

become porous because of the accelerated phase of diffusion of information,
people, capital, and goods.
A. Globalization C. Cultural homogenization
B. Economy D. Diversity

2. _________________ proposed earliest formulation of modernization theory

Weber’s culturalist theory of the emergence of capitalism in the West became
one of the pillars for the development of modernization theory.
A. Walt Rostow C. Weber
B. John Calvin D. Max Payne

3. ______________ was developed as an analytical frame for interpreting global

relations, structures, and practices. Invoking an image of the world as a system of
interrelated interdependent units.
A. World Economy C. World Politics
B. World Polity D. World Bank

4. _______________shaped the work ethics of entrepreneurs and capitalists during the

early part of capitalist industrialization.
A. Weberism C. Rowtowism
B. Calvinism D. Capitalism

5. Cultural universalism refers to cultural elements, such as the Internet, fast food from
McDonald’s, and Nike sneakers.
A. Culturalization C. Socialization
B. Globalization D. Cultural universalism
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?
4 factors that influence Filipinos' decision
to buy

1. Filipinos love freebies

2. Filipinos shop around, loyal to
brands
3. TV remains main source of product info
4. Advertising influence brand

DO THIS
Activity 1. List down the things you use daily, from food,
shampoo, school supplies, music, and TV programs. Identify
each item whether it is imported or not. (Write down your
answer on your activity notebook)
Process Questions:
1. How did you get to know about these products?
2. Do you believe that Filipinos have neo-colonial consciousness, that is, they
prefer imported products rather than local ones? Prove your point.
_____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

WHAT’S IN
Culture and Social Change Modernization and cultural
change
John Calvin an
influential French
theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation

Weber’s culturalist theory of the emergence of capitalism in the West became one of
the pillars for the development of modernization theory.
In the 1960s… many social scientists, governments, and policy makers believed in
the theory of modernization. According to this view, based on evolutionary
theory of culture, all societies undergo a process of change in the direction of greater
complexity and progress.

Walt Rostow (1916–2003) proposed earliest formulation

of modernization theory. Walt Rostow (1916–2003), an
American economist and political theorist, proposed five stages
of development.

5 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
 DO THIS
Activity 2. Base on your own understanding, answer the
following questions in your activity notebook. Read Annex A
for further reading on the five stages of development by
Rostow.

1. Are Rostow’s 5 Stages of growth still ideal for today’s economies?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Must an economy follow these 5 stages to achieve sustainable economic

growth?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Can technology transfer or technology acquisition enable an economy skip

early stages stipulated by Rostow and still achieve sustainable growth?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

WHAT’S IN?
Globalization and Culture

Cultural homogenization is the process whereby spaces

between nations become porous because of the accelerated
phase of diffusion of information, people, capital, and goods.
Immersed in computer-mediated technologies, people’s relationships and forms of
interaction around the world increasingly have become unconstrained by geography
and are no longer necessarily local or national in nature.
Roland Robertson (1992) defines globalization as ‘the
compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness
of the world as a whole. Globalization process intensifies the
consciousness of the people that cultures are intricately linked on
the global scale. This is globality—as opposed to globalism—
that equates globalization with simple spread of Western-style
liberal democracy and unhampered market forces of capitalism.
With globalization has come the idea of a world culture, that is,
the universality of particular cultural traits, whose spread is a
consequence of globalization.
Cultural universalism refers to cultural elements, such as the Internet, fast food
from McDonald’s, and Nike sneakers. Technological objects such as “iPhone” and
“Android” are known all over the world although many people do not possess them.
Scientific ideas have the same status.

Fear of consumerism leads many sociologists to invent new words to characterize

this corporate process of homogenization of the world like:

Cultural Homogenization-Ours is a consumers’ society, in which culture, in

common with the rest of the world experienced by consumers, manifests itself as a
repository of goods intended for consumption, all competing for the unbearably
fleeting and distracted attention of potential clients, all trying to hold that attention for
more than just the blink of an eye.

“Globalization” a kind of cultural homogenization is called which is defined “as the

imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, organizations. (Ritzer 2011, p. 172).

Ritzer popularized the word McDonaldization.

The best example given by Ritzer on globalization of nothingness are the malls. The
structure of the malls can easily be adapted and transported to other localities yet
allowing for local choice of goods, services, and commodities to be served and
displayed. Malls have created a culture of “malling.”

Cultural heterogenization as hybridization

As globalization intensifies cultures become hybridized. Hybridization denotes a wide

register of multiple identity, cross-over, pick-’n’-mix, boundary- crossing experiences
and styles, matching a world of growing migration and transnational families,
intensive intercultural communication, everyday multiculturalism and erosion of
boundaries. In optimistic takes on hybridity, ‘hybrids were conceived as lubricants in
the clashes of culture; they were the negotiators who would secure a future free of
xenophobia’ (Papastergiadis 1997, p. 261). A Filipino-American, for example, may
find himself or herself in Seoul, South Korea watching American soap opera dubbed
in Korean language while eating Mediterranean food.
 Hybridity has always been with us. But the pace of mixing
accelerates and its scope widens in the wake of major
structural changes, such as new technologies that enable
new phases of intercultural contact. Scholars who support
cultural heterogenization does not deny that there is some
truth in claims as to global cultural homogenization, – that
is, the whole world becoming culturally similar in some
ways. But this is not the whole story, for forms of cultural
heterogenization—things becoming more culturally complex—are also part of, and
are produced by, globalization processes (Back, et al. 2012, p.122). People do frame
their thinking—especially thinking about themselves and who they are—within global
frames of reference. They are compelled to see themselves as just one part of a
much greater global whole. In this view, cultural globalization is ambivalent: it can
either encourage a cosmopolitan consciousness and open attitude towards the wider
world and all the different cultures and groups within it, or it can involve the creation
of negative feelings towards people from other cultures, involving racist and
ethnocentric attitudes. Eric Hobsbawm (1982) puts this analysis in good light:
…somewhere on the road between the globally uniform coke-can and the roadside
refreshment stand in Ukraine or Bangladesh, the supermarket in Athens or in
Djkarta, globalization stops being uniform and adjusts to local differences, such as
language, local culture or... local politics (p. 2, as quoted in Back 2012, p. 122).
DO THIS
Activity 3. Easy Interview and essay. Conduct an interview to your parents and
answer the questions below.

1. Cultural differences are often expressed in the “generation gap.” List 10 things
that you and your parents share and believe together (religion, education, and
family values) as well as those that you disagree with (music, clothing, and love
relationships,).

Things that I Believe Things that my Things that we both

but my parents don’t Parents believed but I believe in
believe in don’t believe in
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1. How will you explain these differences based on the lesson?

2. List the things you think are good about traditional Filipino values (example:
resiliency, “kasipagan,” and family ties). List also those traditional values that
you think should be discarded (example: ningas kugon, family ties, and
mamaya na habit).

Good traditional Filipino Values Filipino values that should be

discarded
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3. Explain your answer why you like or want to discard the Filipino values you
listed above.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
POST TEST
Directions: Supply the missing word or phrase on the 5
stages of development by Rostow.
 ANSWER KEY
Pre-Test Post Test

REFERENCES
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/03/03/09/28/john-calvin-4898122_960_720.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Walt_Rostow_1968.jpg/1280px-Wal
t_Rostow_1968.jpg

https://i2.wp.com/revisesociology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/rostows-five-stages-growth.jp
g?resize=640%2C480&ssl=1

https://www.dur.ac.uk/images/IAS/2018_revisions/Fellows1819/Fellows1011/ProfRRobertson.jpg

https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/rostow-five-stages-of-economic-growth-model
ANNEX 1
THE FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT BY ROSTOW
https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/rostow-five-stages-of-economic-growth-mod
el

Walt Rostow took a historical approach in suggesting that developed

countries have tended to pass through 5 stages to reach their current degree of
economic development.

These are:

1. Traditional society. This is an agricultural economy of mainly subsistence

farming, little of which is traded. The size of the capital stock is limited and
of low quality resulting in very low labour productivity and little surplus output
left to sell in domestic and overseas markets
2. Pre-conditions for take-off. Agriculture becomes more mechanised and
more output is traded. Savings and investment grow although they are still a
small percentage of national income (GDP). Some external funding is
required - for example in the form of overseas aid or perhaps remittance
incomes from migrant workers living overseas
3. Take-off. Manufacturing industry assumes greater importance, although the
number of industries remains small. Political and social institutions start to
develop - external finance may still be required. Savings and investment grow,
perhaps to 15% of GDP. Agriculture assumes lesser importance in relative
terms although the majority of people may remain employed in the farming
sector. There is often a dual economy apparent with rising productivity and
wealth in manufacturing and other industries contrasted with stubbornly low
productivity and real incomes in rural agriculture.
4. Drive to maturity. Industry becomes more diverse. Growth should spread to
different parts of the country as the state of technology improves - the
economy moves from being dependent on factor inputs for growth towards
making better use of innovation to bring about increases in real per capita
incomes
5. Age of mass consumption. Output levels grow, enabling increased
consumer expenditure. There is a shift towards tertiary sector activity and the
growth is sustained by the expansion of a middle class of consumers.