Instructions: Answer both questions in Section A and any other three in Section B

SECTION A (31 MARKS)

QUESTION ONE(15 MARKS)
a) Define the following terms
(i) Demography. (1 mark)
(ii) Separation factor. (1 mark)
(iii) Parity progression ratio. (1 mark)
b) Distinguish between dejure and defacto census. (2 marks)
c) The table below gives the number of births,deaths of infants under 1 year and death
of infants under 28 days ia a certsin developing country.

Year No. of No. of deaths

At ages under 1 year At ages under 28 days
1991 792500 5820 3460
1995 732000 4520 3070
Calculate the;
(i) Neonatal mortality rates for each year. (2 marks)
(ii) Infant mortality rates for each year. (2 marks)
d) Distinguish between gross reproduction rate and net reproduction rate. (2 marks)
e) Discuss four main features of a population census. (4 marks)
QUESTION TWO (16 MARKS)
a) Discuss the following sources of demographic data
(i) Vital registration systems. (3 marks)
(ii) Sample surveys. (3 marks)

b) What is the relationship between and in a life table? (2 marks)

c) Distinguish between a conventional and a multiple decrement life table. (2 marks)
d) What is population projection? (2 marks)
e) Project the population for 2030 based on the data below
Females(000)
Age 2000 2015
0-14
Group 61.3 63.5
15-29 55.1 58.1
30-44 48.9 49.8
45-59 41.3 43.9
60+ 40.6 55.3
Births during the intervening period were 15-29(39.476) and 30-44(28.271) (4 marks)

SECTION B (39 MARKS)

QUESTION THREE (13 MARKS)
a) What is a radix in a life table? (2 marks)
b) The data below shows the female deaths under 1 year for a country X

Age at Under 1-6 7- 27 1-3 3-6 6-12

Death 1 day days days months months months
No. of 16199 8801 2912 4776 3758 3001
Deaths
Calculate the separation factor. (3 marks)
c) The data below shows the characteristics of a population

Age Female population Female birth Total birth

15-19 394119 9015 18670
20-24 335924 36956 75651
25-29 313611 33785 69048
30-34 351825 22383 46193
35-39 372637 11377 23559
40-44 334594 31131 6409
45-49 321900 226 456
Calculate the,

i) General fertility rate. (2 marks)

ii) Age specific rate. (2 marks)
iii) Total fertility rate. (2 marks)
iv) Gross reproductive rate. (2 marks)
QUESTION FOUR (13 MARKS)
Use the life table below to answer the questions that follow

Age
0-1 0.008252 10000 825 99258 7756261 77.56
1-4 0.001630 99175 162 (iii) 7657003 77.21
5-9 0.000905 99013 89 49484 7260692 73.33
10- 0.000935 (i) 93 49438 6765850 (vi)
18- 0.001409 (ii) 6271462 63.46
20- 0.001534 98692 152 49308 5777654 58.54
25- 0.001818 98540 179 49225 5284574 53.63
30- 0.002826 98361 278 49111 4792321 48.72
35- 0.004410 98083 432 (iv) 4301211 43.85
40- 0.007199 97651 693 48652 3811876 39.04
45- 0.012348 96958 1197 48179 3325353 34.30
50- 0.020831 95761 2005 47379 2843555 29.69
55- 0.035455 93756 3324 46047 (v) 25.28
60- 0.058507 90432 5291 43893 1909292 21.11
65- 0.087310 85141 7434 40712 1470359 17.27
70- 0.139189 77707 10816 36149 1063239 13.68
75- 0.220993 66891 14782 29750 701744 10.49
80- 0.352367 52109 18362 21464 404244 7.76
85+ 1.000000 33747 33747 18960 189604 5.62
a) Compute the life table values labled (i) to (vi) showing clearly the notation and
formulae used. (6 marks)
b) How many years would a person who survives to age 20 expect to live in age
interval 20-55. (4 marks)
c) What is the probability of dying between exact age 40 and 60 when given
survival to age 40. (2 marks)
d) What is the life expectancy at age 25. (1 mark)
QUESTION FIVE (13 MARKS)
a) Define a population pyramid. (1 mark)
b) Discuss the use of a population pyramid as a demographic measure. (3 marks)
c) Identify the main features of the following pyramids in relation to dependency,
population growth and age-sex differences and the economic status of the countries
represented. (4 marks)

d) The following data was collected from a level five hospital on the outpatients.
Age Males Females Age Males Females
0-4 422 260 40- 78 112
5-9 114 99 45- 46 33
10- 78 82 50- 62 60
15- 90 265 55- 33 24
20- 126 384 60- 50 31
25- 132 319 65+ 57 48
30- 109 260 Total 1489 2088
35- 92 111
Calculate the age-sex accuracy score (joint score). Explain the results. (5 marks)
QUESTION SIX (13 MARKS)
a) Suppose there were 100,000 forty year olds in a particular population with an age
specific growth rate of the population being 3% per annum. Estimate the number of
these forty year olds in five years time using the exponential growth model.
(2 marks)
b) Briefly describe the arithmetic and geometric growth models. (4 marks)
c) What is meant by doubling time? Compute the doubling time for a population
growing at 2.9%. (2 marks)
d) The table below shows the births and deaths for a given country for the years 2001 to
2003

Year t 2001 2002 2003

 Births in t 34498 341324 353546
Infant deaths 13812 12813 12997
4434 3847 3953

(i) Calculate the crude infant mortality rate for country X for 2001 and 2003.
What are the draw backs of this index? (3 marks)
(ii) Calculate the infant mortality rate for 2002 and 2003 using the numerator
separation method. (2 marks)
QUESTION SEVEN (13 MARKS)
a) What is standardization? (1 mark)
b) Distinguish between direct and indirect standardization. (2 marks)
c) Under what circumstances would you use indirect as opposed to direct
standardization. (1 mark)
d) Below is a population table for two groups of males.
Single males Married males

Age Population(000) Deaths Age Population(000) Deaths

15- 17724 39745 15- 3427 7327
25- 5390 26372 25- 23083 60337
45- 1210 37125 45- 18088 286535
65- 364 33679 65- 5500 275818
75+ 199 64386 75+ 2331 275135
(i) Calculate the crude death rates for the two populations. (1 mark)
(ii) Taking the sum of single and married males’ population as the standard
calculate the direct standardized rates and comment on the results. (8 marks)